Veit Erlmann
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195123678
- eISBN:
- 9780199868797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195123678.003.00017
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The story of the African Choir, Zulu Choir, and Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a story about the disjunctures and ambiguities of racial, national, and personal identities. As such, this story highlights ...
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The story of the African Choir, Zulu Choir, and Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a story about the disjunctures and ambiguities of racial, national, and personal identities. As such, this story highlights the specific black forms of modernity emerging from the diasporic connections between Africa and the West.Less
The story of the African Choir, Zulu Choir, and Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a story about the disjunctures and ambiguities of racial, national, and personal identities. As such, this story highlights the specific black forms of modernity emerging from the diasporic connections between Africa and the West.
Sacha Stern
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270348
- eISBN:
- 9780191600753
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270348.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Traces the development of the Jewish calendar—how months and years were reckoned—from its earliest descriptions in the second century b.c.e. until it reached, in the tenth century c.e., to its ...
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Traces the development of the Jewish calendar—how months and years were reckoned—from its earliest descriptions in the second century b.c.e. until it reached, in the tenth century c.e., to its present form. Solar and lunar calendars are attested in the early period, but by the first century c.e., the Jewish calendar had become predominantly lunar. A wide range of sources (literary, documentary/epigraphic, Jewish, Graeco‐Roman, and Christian) reveals, however, that Jewish communities in Palestine and the diaspora reckoned their lunar calendar independently from one another, and hence, would often celebrate the same festivals at different times. This diversity persisted until the end of antiquity, although some general trends can be identified. Until the first century c.e., Jewish lunar calendars tended to be late in relation to the solar year, and Passover would always occur after the spring equinox; whereas, by the fourth century, intercalations were adjusted in such a way that Passover was frequently earlier. In the fourth century, moreover, many communities began to calculate the day of the new moon instead of relying on observation of the new crescent, as had previously been the norm. The change from observation to calculation is particularly evident in the case of the rabbinic calendar, for which there is more evidence than any other Jewish calendar. Largely under pressure from the Babylonian rabbinic community, the rabbinic calendar gradually evolved from the third century c.e. into a fixed, calculated calendar, which became dominant in the Jewish world by the tenth century. The general evolution of the Jewish calendar throughout our period, from considerable diversity (solar and lunar calendars) to unity (a single, normative rabbinic calendar), can be explained as epitomizing the emerging solidarity and communitas of the Jewish communities of late antiquity and the early medieval world.Less
Traces the development of the Jewish calendar—how months and years were reckoned—from its earliest descriptions in the second century b.c.e. until it reached, in the tenth century c.e., to its present form. Solar and lunar calendars are attested in the early period, but by the first century c.e., the Jewish calendar had become predominantly lunar. A wide range of sources (literary, documentary/epigraphic, Jewish, Graeco‐Roman, and Christian) reveals, however, that Jewish communities in Palestine and the diaspora reckoned their lunar calendar independently from one another, and hence, would often celebrate the same festivals at different times. This diversity persisted until the end of antiquity, although some general trends can be identified. Until the first century c.e., Jewish lunar calendars tended to be late in relation to the solar year, and Passover would always occur after the spring equinox; whereas, by the fourth century, intercalations were adjusted in such a way that Passover was frequently earlier. In the fourth century, moreover, many communities began to calculate the day of the new moon instead of relying on observation of the new crescent, as had previously been the norm. The change from observation to calculation is particularly evident in the case of the rabbinic calendar, for which there is more evidence than any other Jewish calendar. Largely under pressure from the Babylonian rabbinic community, the rabbinic calendar gradually evolved from the third century c.e. into a fixed, calculated calendar, which became dominant in the Jewish world by the tenth century. The general evolution of the Jewish calendar throughout our period, from considerable diversity (solar and lunar calendars) to unity (a single, normative rabbinic calendar), can be explained as epitomizing the emerging solidarity and communitas of the Jewish communities of late antiquity and the early medieval world.
Holiday Powers (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266748
- eISBN:
- 9780191938146
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266748.003.0008
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
This chapter proposes a feminist reading of Franco–Algerian multimedia artist Zineb Sedira’s video and installation work from the early 2000s to today in order to consider the potential for global ...
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This chapter proposes a feminist reading of Franco–Algerian multimedia artist Zineb Sedira’s video and installation work from the early 2000s to today in order to consider the potential for global feminist art histories that are intersectional and relational through the ways in which Sedira focuses on memory. Memory and its transmission across generations is treated in three distinct but overlapping ways: memory within the context of Sedira’s only family, using Sedira’s personal story as a means of reckoning with larger histories and the construction of the gendered subject within them; collective memory in the context of post–colonial Algeria; and memory as held by the land itself, read especially through the lens of ecofeminism. In Sedira’s work, the gendered subject is constructed through women’s stories told from inside the perspective of family, that is, women considering their roles as daughters, mothers, and wives, told against and overlaid on top of the history of colonialism.Less
This chapter proposes a feminist reading of Franco–Algerian multimedia artist Zineb Sedira’s video and installation work from the early 2000s to today in order to consider the potential for global feminist art histories that are intersectional and relational through the ways in which Sedira focuses on memory. Memory and its transmission across generations is treated in three distinct but overlapping ways: memory within the context of Sedira’s only family, using Sedira’s personal story as a means of reckoning with larger histories and the construction of the gendered subject within them; collective memory in the context of post–colonial Algeria; and memory as held by the land itself, read especially through the lens of ecofeminism. In Sedira’s work, the gendered subject is constructed through women’s stories told from inside the perspective of family, that is, women considering their roles as daughters, mothers, and wives, told against and overlaid on top of the history of colonialism.
Tejumola Olaniyan
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195094053
- eISBN:
- 9780199855278
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195094053.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
Looking in detail at the works of Baraka, Soyinka, Walcott, and Shange and their historical trajectories in black anti-Eurocentric discourses, the author offers a sophisticated reading of how these ...
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Looking in detail at the works of Baraka, Soyinka, Walcott, and Shange and their historical trajectories in black anti-Eurocentric discourses, the author offers a sophisticated reading of how these writers are preoccupied with the invention of a post-imperial cultural identity. Drawing on contemporary theory and cultural studies, the author provides an account of the social foundations of an important aesthetic form: the drama of the African diaspora.Less
Looking in detail at the works of Baraka, Soyinka, Walcott, and Shange and their historical trajectories in black anti-Eurocentric discourses, the author offers a sophisticated reading of how these writers are preoccupied with the invention of a post-imperial cultural identity. Drawing on contemporary theory and cultural studies, the author provides an account of the social foundations of an important aesthetic form: the drama of the African diaspora.
Ezra Mendelsohn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195112030
- eISBN:
- 9780199854608
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112030.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This volume collects chapters on Jewish literature which deal with “the manifold ways that literary texts reveal their authors' attitudes toward their own Jewish identity and toward diverse aspects ...
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This volume collects chapters on Jewish literature which deal with “the manifold ways that literary texts reveal their authors' attitudes toward their own Jewish identity and toward diverse aspects of the “Jewish question.”” Chapters in this volume explore the tension between Israeli and Diaspora identities, and between those who write in Hebrew or Yiddish and those who write in other “non-Jewish” languages. The chapters also explore the question of how Jewish writers remember history in their “search for a useable past.” From chapters on Jabotinsky's virtually unknown plays to Philip Roth's novels, this book provides a strong overview of contemporary themes in Jewish literary studies.Less
This volume collects chapters on Jewish literature which deal with “the manifold ways that literary texts reveal their authors' attitudes toward their own Jewish identity and toward diverse aspects of the “Jewish question.”” Chapters in this volume explore the tension between Israeli and Diaspora identities, and between those who write in Hebrew or Yiddish and those who write in other “non-Jewish” languages. The chapters also explore the question of how Jewish writers remember history in their “search for a useable past.” From chapters on Jabotinsky's virtually unknown plays to Philip Roth's novels, this book provides a strong overview of contemporary themes in Jewish literary studies.
Joanne Punzo Waghorne
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195156638
- eISBN:
- 9780199785292
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156638.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
From Chennai (Madras), India to London and Washington D.C., contemporary urban middle-class Hindus invest earnings, often derived from the global economy, into the construction or renovation of ...
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From Chennai (Madras), India to London and Washington D.C., contemporary urban middle-class Hindus invest earnings, often derived from the global economy, into the construction or renovation of temples. South Indians often lead such efforts to re-establish authentic temples that nonetheless become sites for innovative communities, new visions of the Gods, and distinctive middle-class religious sensibilities. Although a part of the much-discussed resurgence of Hinduism, Gods and their ritual worship — not nationalistic ideology — center these enterprises. This book aims to go beyond the more common analytical starting points of identity, multiculturalism, transnationalism, or globalism to understand contemporary Hinduism. In both conversation and contention with current theory, the book highlights the Gods, their shrines, and the middle-class people who re-establish them. Using surveys of modern temples in Chennai, London, and Washington D.C. patronized by South Indians, it focuses on the ubiquity of certain Gods and Goddesses — but not all — their portrayal, the architecture of their new “homes”, and their place in the modern urban commercial and social landscapes. Arguing that this migration of Gods in tandem with people is not new, the book traces current temple architecture to Indian merchants who constructed new temples within a decade of the founding of Madras by the East India Trading Company in the initial era of the current world economic system. In the process, it questions the interrelationships between ritual worship/religious edifices, the rise of the modern world economy, and the ascendancy of the great middle class in this new era of globalization.Less
From Chennai (Madras), India to London and Washington D.C., contemporary urban middle-class Hindus invest earnings, often derived from the global economy, into the construction or renovation of temples. South Indians often lead such efforts to re-establish authentic temples that nonetheless become sites for innovative communities, new visions of the Gods, and distinctive middle-class religious sensibilities. Although a part of the much-discussed resurgence of Hinduism, Gods and their ritual worship — not nationalistic ideology — center these enterprises. This book aims to go beyond the more common analytical starting points of identity, multiculturalism, transnationalism, or globalism to understand contemporary Hinduism. In both conversation and contention with current theory, the book highlights the Gods, their shrines, and the middle-class people who re-establish them. Using surveys of modern temples in Chennai, London, and Washington D.C. patronized by South Indians, it focuses on the ubiquity of certain Gods and Goddesses — but not all — their portrayal, the architecture of their new “homes”, and their place in the modern urban commercial and social landscapes. Arguing that this migration of Gods in tandem with people is not new, the book traces current temple architecture to Indian merchants who constructed new temples within a decade of the founding of Madras by the East India Trading Company in the initial era of the current world economic system. In the process, it questions the interrelationships between ritual worship/religious edifices, the rise of the modern world economy, and the ascendancy of the great middle class in this new era of globalization.
Melanie M. Morey and John J. Piderit
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195305517
- eISBN:
- 9780199784813
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195305515.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines four different models that Catholic colleges and universities adopt with respect to sharing the Catholic heritage. It also examines how the economics of higher education steers ...
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This chapter examines four different models that Catholic colleges and universities adopt with respect to sharing the Catholic heritage. It also examines how the economics of higher education steers Catholic institutions toward one approach rather than another. The four models are: immersion, persuasion, diaspora, and cohort. The models describe the Catholic higher education market, with particular reference to Catholic identity. They also provide a framework for analyzing the comments made by senior administrators and for understanding some of the major challenges these administrators face with respect to Catholic identity. The first part of the chapter examines basic assumptions about goals, and then gradually makes the models more explicit by identifying important activities in various sectors such as the academic program, residential living, student activities and religious activities. A nonsectarian model is developed for comparison purposes.Less
This chapter examines four different models that Catholic colleges and universities adopt with respect to sharing the Catholic heritage. It also examines how the economics of higher education steers Catholic institutions toward one approach rather than another. The four models are: immersion, persuasion, diaspora, and cohort. The models describe the Catholic higher education market, with particular reference to Catholic identity. They also provide a framework for analyzing the comments made by senior administrators and for understanding some of the major challenges these administrators face with respect to Catholic identity. The first part of the chapter examines basic assumptions about goals, and then gradually makes the models more explicit by identifying important activities in various sectors such as the academic program, residential living, student activities and religious activities. A nonsectarian model is developed for comparison purposes.
Pashaura Singh (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198075547
- eISBN:
- 9780199082056
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075547.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Sikhism
The Sikh community has made its presence felt throughout the world. Focusing on globalization, this book presents Sikh history, politics, identity, music, ethics, material culture, the worldwide Sikh ...
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The Sikh community has made its presence felt throughout the world. Focusing on globalization, this book presents Sikh history, politics, identity, music, ethics, material culture, the worldwide Sikh diaspora, and the history and current state of scholarship in the field of Sikh Studies. The book describes the internal differences of caste, community, and gender within Sikhism, as well as the use of modern media to disseminate and construct the frameworks of Sikhism. It also stresses the importance of internal dynamics within the Sikh community and external factors (such as local experiences in different countries) for comprehending the processes of change visible among Sikhs from the global point of view. The essays question the conventional premises of Sikh studies by breaking away from an emphasis on history and text, and look at Sikh practices from the ‘lived religion perspective.’ The place of the Guru Granth Sahib as a perennial source of human understanding, non-violent movements in Sikh history, Sikh music, and Sikh miracles are also discussed.Less
The Sikh community has made its presence felt throughout the world. Focusing on globalization, this book presents Sikh history, politics, identity, music, ethics, material culture, the worldwide Sikh diaspora, and the history and current state of scholarship in the field of Sikh Studies. The book describes the internal differences of caste, community, and gender within Sikhism, as well as the use of modern media to disseminate and construct the frameworks of Sikhism. It also stresses the importance of internal dynamics within the Sikh community and external factors (such as local experiences in different countries) for comprehending the processes of change visible among Sikhs from the global point of view. The essays question the conventional premises of Sikh studies by breaking away from an emphasis on history and text, and look at Sikh practices from the ‘lived religion perspective.’ The place of the Guru Granth Sahib as a perennial source of human understanding, non-violent movements in Sikh history, Sikh music, and Sikh miracles are also discussed.
Anita Sands
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199275601
- eISBN:
- 9780191705823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275601.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
The Irish software industry is a tale of two industries. The multinational sector — the outcome of a successful foreign direct investment (FDI) policy by the Irish government — contributed to the ...
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The Irish software industry is a tale of two industries. The multinational sector — the outcome of a successful foreign direct investment (FDI) policy by the Irish government — contributed to the emergence of the indigenous sector. Although indigenous Irish companies are generally small, their increasing orientation towards products for sectors such as financial services and telecommunications is promising. The Irish government did not set out to develop an indigenous software industry, but they did so indirectly. They were highly successful in luring software multinational corporations (MNCs) by creating a favorable business (tax) environment and investing heavily in science and technology. Ireland's membership of the EU and strong historical connections to the United States also contributed to its software success.Less
The Irish software industry is a tale of two industries. The multinational sector — the outcome of a successful foreign direct investment (FDI) policy by the Irish government — contributed to the emergence of the indigenous sector. Although indigenous Irish companies are generally small, their increasing orientation towards products for sectors such as financial services and telecommunications is promising. The Irish government did not set out to develop an indigenous software industry, but they did so indirectly. They were highly successful in luring software multinational corporations (MNCs) by creating a favorable business (tax) environment and investing heavily in science and technology. Ireland's membership of the EU and strong historical connections to the United States also contributed to its software success.
Ashish Arora, Alfonso Gambardella, and Steven Klepper
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199275601
- eISBN:
- 9780191705823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275601.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
Agglomeration economies involving knowledge spillovers are a common explanation for persistent regional leadership, such as that displayed by India in software services. This chapter offers a ...
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Agglomeration economies involving knowledge spillovers are a common explanation for persistent regional leadership, such as that displayed by India in software services. This chapter offers a different perspective by drawing upon recent work by Klepper on the experience of four other industries in the US Geographical concentration and persistence of leading firms are closely related. Industries grow and concentrate in the regions where successful firms enter early. Not only do the early successful firms often end up dominating their industries, they are also more likely to spawn other successful firms that locate nearby. User organizations have been an important source of firm formation in the software industry in emerging economies. The 3Is in particular have drawn upon external competencies in the form of multinationals and expatriates, gaining access to vital organizational competencies that in the US industries were available only through successful firms in the industry or in closely related industries.Less
Agglomeration economies involving knowledge spillovers are a common explanation for persistent regional leadership, such as that displayed by India in software services. This chapter offers a different perspective by drawing upon recent work by Klepper on the experience of four other industries in the US Geographical concentration and persistence of leading firms are closely related. Industries grow and concentrate in the regions where successful firms enter early. Not only do the early successful firms often end up dominating their industries, they are also more likely to spawn other successful firms that locate nearby. User organizations have been an important source of firm formation in the software industry in emerging economies. The 3Is in particular have drawn upon external competencies in the form of multinationals and expatriates, gaining access to vital organizational competencies that in the US industries were available only through successful firms in the industry or in closely related industries.
Devesh Kapur and John McHale
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199275601
- eISBN:
- 9780191705823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275601.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter analyzes the role of international flows of human capital in the growth of the software industry in the 3Is. Although skilled emigration is usually seen in such threatening ‘brain drain’ ...
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This chapter analyzes the role of international flows of human capital in the growth of the software industry in the 3Is. Although skilled emigration is usually seen in such threatening ‘brain drain’ terms, its effects are multi-faceted and poorly understood. Overall, the evidence strongly suggests that the benefits of skilled migration have outweighed the costs for the three countries. The Indian experience in Silicon Valley, for example, shows how the diaspora can be a valuable national asset in facilitating international commerce, especially where the business is transactionally complex and reputation concerns are paramount. The highly skilled Indian emigration has played a key part in the development of an internationally competitive Indian software sector. The Irish experience shows how one decade's lost human capital can, under the right conditions, become a skill reservoir that can be tapped to ease resource constraints and sustain economic expansion as domestic labor markets tighten.Less
This chapter analyzes the role of international flows of human capital in the growth of the software industry in the 3Is. Although skilled emigration is usually seen in such threatening ‘brain drain’ terms, its effects are multi-faceted and poorly understood. Overall, the evidence strongly suggests that the benefits of skilled migration have outweighed the costs for the three countries. The Indian experience in Silicon Valley, for example, shows how the diaspora can be a valuable national asset in facilitating international commerce, especially where the business is transactionally complex and reputation concerns are paramount. The highly skilled Indian emigration has played a key part in the development of an internationally competitive Indian software sector. The Irish experience shows how one decade's lost human capital can, under the right conditions, become a skill reservoir that can be tapped to ease resource constraints and sustain economic expansion as domestic labor markets tighten.
Ashish Arora and Alfonso Gambardella
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199275601
- eISBN:
- 9780191705823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275601.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter summarizes what is common and what is not in the experiences of the individual countries studied. It develops an interpretive framework for understanding the growth of the software ...
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This chapter summarizes what is common and what is not in the experiences of the individual countries studied. It develops an interpretive framework for understanding the growth of the software industry in these countries, and attempts to distill the lessons that others can learn. What stands out in this story is the role of human capital and human capital flows, and the role of those flows in opening these countries to the outside world. The least appreciated aspect of the growth of the software in the 3Is has been the role of entrepreneurship and the development of firm level capabilities.Less
This chapter summarizes what is common and what is not in the experiences of the individual countries studied. It develops an interpretive framework for understanding the growth of the software industry in these countries, and attempts to distill the lessons that others can learn. What stands out in this story is the role of human capital and human capital flows, and the role of those flows in opening these countries to the outside world. The least appreciated aspect of the growth of the software in the 3Is has been the role of entrepreneurship and the development of firm level capabilities.
Philip V. Bohlman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195178326
- eISBN:
- 9780199869992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178326.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter explores the historical meaning of Jewish music in the Mediterranean, particularly as a metaphor the historical past and the Jewish Diaspora. The Jewish music of the Mediterranean ...
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This chapter explores the historical meaning of Jewish music in the Mediterranean, particularly as a metaphor the historical past and the Jewish Diaspora. The Jewish music of the Mediterranean provided links to the past and presumably to a world of authenticity and origins. As modern scholars and travels began to experience Mediterranean Jewish music and to bring it in collections to Europe, they recognized that it had undergone changes. Jewish music from the Mediterranean therefore entered modern history and allowed European Jews to intensify cultural links to the Levant and to eretz yisrael, the “land of Israel.” Timelessness in Jewish music was replaced by history. The great scholarly activities of Robert Lachmann (1892–1939) and Abraham Zvi Idelsohn (1882–1938) provide the empirical material for the chapter.Less
This chapter explores the historical meaning of Jewish music in the Mediterranean, particularly as a metaphor the historical past and the Jewish Diaspora. The Jewish music of the Mediterranean provided links to the past and presumably to a world of authenticity and origins. As modern scholars and travels began to experience Mediterranean Jewish music and to bring it in collections to Europe, they recognized that it had undergone changes. Jewish music from the Mediterranean therefore entered modern history and allowed European Jews to intensify cultural links to the Levant and to eretz yisrael, the “land of Israel.” Timelessness in Jewish music was replaced by history. The great scholarly activities of Robert Lachmann (1892–1939) and Abraham Zvi Idelsohn (1882–1938) provide the empirical material for the chapter.
Philip V. Bohlman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195178326
- eISBN:
- 9780199869992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178326.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The cultural and historical tensions between East and West are among the most complex forces in Jewish history. Jewish music has historically embodied this tension, and it is one of the ways in which ...
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The cultural and historical tensions between East and West are among the most complex forces in Jewish history. Jewish music has historically embodied this tension, and it is one of the ways in which modernity emerges as a quality of Jewish music. In the synagogue, prayer and song are directed toward the altar at the eastern end of the sanctuary. Several styles and repertories of modern popular music in Israel are designated as musica mizrahit, literally “eastern music.” In modern Europe East and West also formed along a cultural fault line between Jews speaking Yiddish as a vernacular language in Eastern Europe and Jews speaking other vernaculars in Central Europe, especially German. As Jewish musicians increasingly entered the domains of popular and entertainment music in the late nineteenth century, East and West came to represent two different, even contested, identities in the Diaspora.Less
The cultural and historical tensions between East and West are among the most complex forces in Jewish history. Jewish music has historically embodied this tension, and it is one of the ways in which modernity emerges as a quality of Jewish music. In the synagogue, prayer and song are directed toward the altar at the eastern end of the sanctuary. Several styles and repertories of modern popular music in Israel are designated as musica mizrahit, literally “eastern music.” In modern Europe East and West also formed along a cultural fault line between Jews speaking Yiddish as a vernacular language in Eastern Europe and Jews speaking other vernaculars in Central Europe, especially German. As Jewish musicians increasingly entered the domains of popular and entertainment music in the late nineteenth century, East and West came to represent two different, even contested, identities in the Diaspora.
Philip V. Bohlman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195178326
- eISBN:
- 9780199869992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178326.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Collecting music to provide mirrors for the reflection of self-identity had become a passion for modern Jews by the beginning of the twentieth century. Transforming the earlier storage chamber ...
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Collecting music to provide mirrors for the reflection of self-identity had become a passion for modern Jews by the beginning of the twentieth century. Transforming the earlier storage chamber (geniza) used by synagogues to gather community records into archives, libraries, and museums, cantors and folklorists alike recontextualized the music of the past so that it would have modern meanings. Specific collectors provide a series of linked narratives for the chapter. Eduard Birnbaum collected sacred music in Königsberg, Max Grunwald and Friedrich Krauss collected Jewish folklore and folk music in Vienna, and Konrad Mautner and A. Z. Idelsohn aestheticized and modernized the technologies of representation locally in the Austrian Alps and globally in the Jewish Diaspora. The great collections of the early twentieth century have surveyed until the present, as Jewish museums and Jewish memory work in the era following the Holocaust.Less
Collecting music to provide mirrors for the reflection of self-identity had become a passion for modern Jews by the beginning of the twentieth century. Transforming the earlier storage chamber (geniza) used by synagogues to gather community records into archives, libraries, and museums, cantors and folklorists alike recontextualized the music of the past so that it would have modern meanings. Specific collectors provide a series of linked narratives for the chapter. Eduard Birnbaum collected sacred music in Königsberg, Max Grunwald and Friedrich Krauss collected Jewish folklore and folk music in Vienna, and Konrad Mautner and A. Z. Idelsohn aestheticized and modernized the technologies of representation locally in the Austrian Alps and globally in the Jewish Diaspora. The great collections of the early twentieth century have surveyed until the present, as Jewish museums and Jewish memory work in the era following the Holocaust.
Philip V. Bohlman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195178326
- eISBN:
- 9780199869992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178326.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The ontologies of Jewish music changed to reflect a transformation of the past into a utopian future at the end of the long nineteenth century, especially as World War I brought about the end of much ...
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The ontologies of Jewish music changed to reflect a transformation of the past into a utopian future at the end of the long nineteenth century, especially as World War I brought about the end of much traditional Jewish life in Europe. New cultural movements swept the Diaspora, not least among them Zionism, both in cultural and in political forms. Jewish music absorbed the images of the new utopias beyond the crisis of modernity: the paradise of a modern Israel; new forms of settlement, such as the collective kibbutz; the pioneer songs that allowed Jews in the Diaspora to sing in Hebrew about the past that had the potential to be the future. The case studies in the chapter include the attempt to create a canon of national Israeli art songs in the 1930s and the endeavors of the first organization cultivating Jewish music in the Yishuv, the World Centre for Jewish Music in Palestine, in the late 1930s.Less
The ontologies of Jewish music changed to reflect a transformation of the past into a utopian future at the end of the long nineteenth century, especially as World War I brought about the end of much traditional Jewish life in Europe. New cultural movements swept the Diaspora, not least among them Zionism, both in cultural and in political forms. Jewish music absorbed the images of the new utopias beyond the crisis of modernity: the paradise of a modern Israel; new forms of settlement, such as the collective kibbutz; the pioneer songs that allowed Jews in the Diaspora to sing in Hebrew about the past that had the potential to be the future. The case studies in the chapter include the attempt to create a canon of national Israeli art songs in the 1930s and the endeavors of the first organization cultivating Jewish music in the Yishuv, the World Centre for Jewish Music in Palestine, in the late 1930s.
Kathleen M. Moore
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387810
- eISBN:
- 9780199777242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387810.003.0000
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This introductory chapter begins by describing the core of the book, which is about the emergence of an Islamic diasporic legality among British and American Muslim communities. In a general sense, ...
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This introductory chapter begins by describing the core of the book, which is about the emergence of an Islamic diasporic legality among British and American Muslim communities. In a general sense, this book seeks to explain how the diaspora becomes the social problematic through which we see the interaction of people and the law. The chapter then addresses three main theoretical issues. The first, about an emerging legality, highlights the connection between law and identity, as it analyzes the social relations at the heart of the political and legal debates in and around Muslim communities in the United States and Britain. The second issue is that of the dialogic process of appropriating certain discourses, and it entails the examination of significant moments in the construction of normative claims through law. The third topic is about a growing repertoire of tools used to resist assimilation into a secular-liberal discourse of rights. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.Less
This introductory chapter begins by describing the core of the book, which is about the emergence of an Islamic diasporic legality among British and American Muslim communities. In a general sense, this book seeks to explain how the diaspora becomes the social problematic through which we see the interaction of people and the law. The chapter then addresses three main theoretical issues. The first, about an emerging legality, highlights the connection between law and identity, as it analyzes the social relations at the heart of the political and legal debates in and around Muslim communities in the United States and Britain. The second issue is that of the dialogic process of appropriating certain discourses, and it entails the examination of significant moments in the construction of normative claims through law. The third topic is about a growing repertoire of tools used to resist assimilation into a secular-liberal discourse of rights. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Kathleen M. Moore
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387810
- eISBN:
- 9780199777242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387810.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter provides a deconstruction of a British call for the formulation of an Islamic diasporic jurisprudence, in which juridical activity is proposed as a mirror. It begins with a review of ...
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This chapter provides a deconstruction of a British call for the formulation of an Islamic diasporic jurisprudence, in which juridical activity is proposed as a mirror. It begins with a review of theoretical works on diaspora and the legal sociology of jurisprudence. It explains and discusses the author's view of what a “diasporic jurisprudence” is, and uses this concept to examine the text of a speech given by a Muslim intellectual-activist before an assembly of Muslim British college students in London in December 1995. It is argued that in the vein of cultural studies, “culture” is neither an autonomous nor an externally determined field, but a site of social struggle and differences. Thus, when we bring together the analytical concepts “diaspora” and “jurisprudence,” we are juxtaposing two words that reciprocally constitute a particular social field in which symbols and scruples can be appropriated and contested. Although a bit of an oil-and-water combination, these two concepts (diaspora and jurisprudence) hold as if suspended in a colloid, sustained by opportunity spaces allowing them to assert claims for rights and forms of justice.Less
This chapter provides a deconstruction of a British call for the formulation of an Islamic diasporic jurisprudence, in which juridical activity is proposed as a mirror. It begins with a review of theoretical works on diaspora and the legal sociology of jurisprudence. It explains and discusses the author's view of what a “diasporic jurisprudence” is, and uses this concept to examine the text of a speech given by a Muslim intellectual-activist before an assembly of Muslim British college students in London in December 1995. It is argued that in the vein of cultural studies, “culture” is neither an autonomous nor an externally determined field, but a site of social struggle and differences. Thus, when we bring together the analytical concepts “diaspora” and “jurisprudence,” we are juxtaposing two words that reciprocally constitute a particular social field in which symbols and scruples can be appropriated and contested. Although a bit of an oil-and-water combination, these two concepts (diaspora and jurisprudence) hold as if suspended in a colloid, sustained by opportunity spaces allowing them to assert claims for rights and forms of justice.
Kathleen M. Moore
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387810
- eISBN:
- 9780199777242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387810.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
In March 2008, Britain's Christian Research organization disseminated a study that made the following projection: By 2020, the number of Catholics attending Sunday mass will have been surpassed by ...
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In March 2008, Britain's Christian Research organization disseminated a study that made the following projection: By 2020, the number of Catholics attending Sunday mass will have been surpassed by the number of Muslims worshiping in mosques in Britain. This study came out in the middle of growing tensions about the place of Muslims in British society and fanned some alarmist flames about the changing face of Britain. This backlash was not far off the heels of a lecture given at the Royal Courts of Justice, in February 2008, by Dr. Rowan Williams, the archbishop of Canterbury and the head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, which also ruffled British feathers. He suggested that British Muslims be allowed to live freely under the shari'a law, signaling that there is something more than just the official British legal system alone. This speech not only highlights the significance of legal pluralism; it also raises the question of what it means to be a Muslim by conviction and free choice. This chapter discusses how some Muslim intellectuals have dealt with the question of the religious neutrality of the liberal state. It examines the question raised by official recognition of a shari'a council in Britain: To what extent should religious identity and practice be accommodated under a liberal legal framework? The chapter explores the related questions of power and representation at this significant site, where the diaspora intersects with the national spaces that it continually negotiates.Less
In March 2008, Britain's Christian Research organization disseminated a study that made the following projection: By 2020, the number of Catholics attending Sunday mass will have been surpassed by the number of Muslims worshiping in mosques in Britain. This study came out in the middle of growing tensions about the place of Muslims in British society and fanned some alarmist flames about the changing face of Britain. This backlash was not far off the heels of a lecture given at the Royal Courts of Justice, in February 2008, by Dr. Rowan Williams, the archbishop of Canterbury and the head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, which also ruffled British feathers. He suggested that British Muslims be allowed to live freely under the shari'a law, signaling that there is something more than just the official British legal system alone. This speech not only highlights the significance of legal pluralism; it also raises the question of what it means to be a Muslim by conviction and free choice. This chapter discusses how some Muslim intellectuals have dealt with the question of the religious neutrality of the liberal state. It examines the question raised by official recognition of a shari'a council in Britain: To what extent should religious identity and practice be accommodated under a liberal legal framework? The chapter explores the related questions of power and representation at this significant site, where the diaspora intersects with the national spaces that it continually negotiates.
Kathleen M. Moore
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387810
- eISBN:
- 9780199777242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387810.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This epilogue summarizes the insights gleaned from juxtaposing circumstances and discursive projects in the United States and Britain. It reviews how deeply rooted the images of the Muslim Other are ...
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This epilogue summarizes the insights gleaned from juxtaposing circumstances and discursive projects in the United States and Britain. It reviews how deeply rooted the images of the Muslim Other are in the unfamiliar abode, specifically in the institutionalized practices of governance. It highlights how the formulation of a new diasporic legality takes on the internal logic of Anglo-American legal conventions while at the same time resisting them. This argument has one foot planted in each debate: from a Muslim vantage point, over what kinds of space the United States and Britain are; from the dominant American and British vantage point, over the status of their own countries as the nations and pluralist societies they are or may become. The emphasis is on how a language to normalize Muslim presence in the United States and Britain shows the intersection of the processes of globalization with local practices of legal interpretation, and gives us a deeper understanding of the inner struggle to be pluralists under exceptional circumstances.Less
This epilogue summarizes the insights gleaned from juxtaposing circumstances and discursive projects in the United States and Britain. It reviews how deeply rooted the images of the Muslim Other are in the unfamiliar abode, specifically in the institutionalized practices of governance. It highlights how the formulation of a new diasporic legality takes on the internal logic of Anglo-American legal conventions while at the same time resisting them. This argument has one foot planted in each debate: from a Muslim vantage point, over what kinds of space the United States and Britain are; from the dominant American and British vantage point, over the status of their own countries as the nations and pluralist societies they are or may become. The emphasis is on how a language to normalize Muslim presence in the United States and Britain shows the intersection of the processes of globalization with local practices of legal interpretation, and gives us a deeper understanding of the inner struggle to be pluralists under exceptional circumstances.
