P. M. S Hacker
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199245697
- eISBN:
- 9780191602245
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924569X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Consists of 13 thematically linked essays on different aspects of the philosophy of Wittgenstein, by one of the leading commentators on his work. After an opening overview of Wittgenstein’s ...
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Consists of 13 thematically linked essays on different aspects of the philosophy of Wittgenstein, by one of the leading commentators on his work. After an opening overview of Wittgenstein’s philosophy, the following essays fall into two classes: those that investigate connections between the philosophy of Wittgenstein and other philosophers and philosophical trends, and those which enter into some of the controversies that, over the last two decades, have raged over the interpretation of one aspect or another of Wittgenstein’s writings. The connections that are explored include the relationship between Wittgenstein's philosophy and the humanistic and hermeneutic traditions in European philosophy, Wittgenstein’s response to Frazer’s Golden Bough and the interpretation of ritual actions, his attitude towards and criticisms of Frege (both in the Tractatus and in the later philosophy), the relationship between his ideas and those of members of the Vienna Circle on the matter of ostensive definition, and a comparison of Carnap’s conception of the elimination of metaphysics and of Strawson’s rehabilitation of metaphysics with Wittgenstein's later criticisms of metaphysics. The controversies into which Hacker enters include the Diamond–Conant interpretation of the Tractatus (which is shown to be inconsistent with the text of the Tractatus and with Wittgenstein’s explanations of and comments on his book), Winch's interpretation of the Tractatus conception of names, Kripke’s interpretation of Wittgenstein’s discussion of following a rule (which is demonstrated to be remote from Wittgenstein’s intentions), and Malcolm’s defence of the idea that Wittgenstein claimed that mastery of a language logically requires that the language be shared with other speakers. These far-ranging essays, several of them difficult to find or not published elsewhere, shed much light on different aspects of Wittgenstein’s thought, and on the controversies that it has stimulated.Less
Consists of 13 thematically linked essays on different aspects of the philosophy of Wittgenstein, by one of the leading commentators on his work. After an opening overview of Wittgenstein’s philosophy, the following essays fall into two classes: those that investigate connections between the philosophy of Wittgenstein and other philosophers and philosophical trends, and those which enter into some of the controversies that, over the last two decades, have raged over the interpretation of one aspect or another of Wittgenstein’s writings. The connections that are explored include the relationship between Wittgenstein's philosophy and the humanistic and hermeneutic traditions in European philosophy, Wittgenstein’s response to Frazer’s Golden Bough and the interpretation of ritual actions, his attitude towards and criticisms of Frege (both in the Tractatus and in the later philosophy), the relationship between his ideas and those of members of the Vienna Circle on the matter of ostensive definition, and a comparison of Carnap’s conception of the elimination of metaphysics and of Strawson’s rehabilitation of metaphysics with Wittgenstein's later criticisms of metaphysics. The controversies into which Hacker enters include the Diamond–Conant interpretation of the Tractatus (which is shown to be inconsistent with the text of the Tractatus and with Wittgenstein’s explanations of and comments on his book), Winch's interpretation of the Tractatus conception of names, Kripke’s interpretation of Wittgenstein’s discussion of following a rule (which is demonstrated to be remote from Wittgenstein’s intentions), and Malcolm’s defence of the idea that Wittgenstein claimed that mastery of a language logically requires that the language be shared with other speakers. These far-ranging essays, several of them difficult to find or not published elsewhere, shed much light on different aspects of Wittgenstein’s thought, and on the controversies that it has stimulated.
Sorching Low
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195367645
- eISBN:
- 9780199777181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367645.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter analyzes the contemporary Zen master Seung Sahn Sunim (1927–2004). When Seung Sahn first arrived in America in 1972, he confronted challenges that were more than linguistic or ...
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This chapter analyzes the contemporary Zen master Seung Sahn Sunim (1927–2004). When Seung Sahn first arrived in America in 1972, he confronted challenges that were more than linguistic or technological but managed to impress upon his American audience a new image of Zen touted to be in contradistinction to Japanese Zen. There is no doubt that this Zen master has succeeded in planting a new image of Zen in the West—a distinctly Korean one that goes by the name of the “Don’t Know Mind.” When he died in 2004, he left behind a community of followers, more than a hundred schools in America and Europe, a temple in Korea, and an image of Zen in the West that is other than that shaped by the Japanese.Less
This chapter analyzes the contemporary Zen master Seung Sahn Sunim (1927–2004). When Seung Sahn first arrived in America in 1972, he confronted challenges that were more than linguistic or technological but managed to impress upon his American audience a new image of Zen touted to be in contradistinction to Japanese Zen. There is no doubt that this Zen master has succeeded in planting a new image of Zen in the West—a distinctly Korean one that goes by the name of the “Don’t Know Mind.” When he died in 2004, he left behind a community of followers, more than a hundred schools in America and Europe, a temple in Korea, and an image of Zen in the West that is other than that shaped by the Japanese.
L. Weiskrantz
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198521921
- eISBN:
- 9780191706226
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198521921.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
D. B.'s ability to discriminate shapes by forced-choice guessing was studied using various letters, rectangles vs. squares, and degrees of curvature of triangles. Both projected and back-illuminated ...
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D. B.'s ability to discriminate shapes by forced-choice guessing was studied using various letters, rectangles vs. squares, and degrees of curvature of triangles. Both projected and back-illuminated material were used. The original discrimination in early testing between X and O was repeated, but using a variety of sizes and positions in the blind field. His ability was excellent. With back-projected stimuli he reported complete absence of experience, but with projected higher contrast stimuli he sometimes reported odd experiences but did not ‘see’ anything. When we moved to X vs. triangles he was at chance. Similarity, his ability to discriminate curved from straight triangles was poor. The hypothesis emerged that he was only able to discriminate shapes when there were major differences in orientation of the major components. A test of this was the discrimination between squares and rectangles equated for area, but with different length and widths. He performed poorly except for square vs. the longest rectangle. The final test of reintroducing an orientation difference was for squares vs. rectangles, for which he performed excellently. Over the main range of shape discriminations, he reported no subjective experience. All tests in which he reported no subjective experience for shape and grating orientation tests are summarized in a series of tables.Less
D. B.'s ability to discriminate shapes by forced-choice guessing was studied using various letters, rectangles vs. squares, and degrees of curvature of triangles. Both projected and back-illuminated material were used. The original discrimination in early testing between X and O was repeated, but using a variety of sizes and positions in the blind field. His ability was excellent. With back-projected stimuli he reported complete absence of experience, but with projected higher contrast stimuli he sometimes reported odd experiences but did not ‘see’ anything. When we moved to X vs. triangles he was at chance. Similarity, his ability to discriminate curved from straight triangles was poor. The hypothesis emerged that he was only able to discriminate shapes when there were major differences in orientation of the major components. A test of this was the discrimination between squares and rectangles equated for area, but with different length and widths. He performed poorly except for square vs. the longest rectangle. The final test of reintroducing an orientation difference was for squares vs. rectangles, for which he performed excellently. Over the main range of shape discriminations, he reported no subjective experience. All tests in which he reported no subjective experience for shape and grating orientation tests are summarized in a series of tables.
Kevin S. McCann
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691134178
- eISBN:
- 9781400840687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691134178.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter considers four-species modules and the role of generalism (effectively a three-species module with a consumer feeding on two resources). It first examines how generalists affect the ...
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This chapter considers four-species modules and the role of generalism (effectively a three-species module with a consumer feeding on two resources). It first examines how generalists affect the dynamics of food webs by focusing on a set of modules that contrast generalist consumer dynamics relative to the specialist case. It then discusses organismal trade-offs that play a role in governing the diamond food web module and the intraguild predation module, arguing that such tradeoffs influence the flux of matter, the organization of interaction strengths, and ultimately the stability of communities. The chapter also reviews empirical evidence showing that apparent competition and the diamond module with and without intraguild predation are ubiquitous, and that weak interactions in simple modules seem to promote less variable population dynamics.Less
This chapter considers four-species modules and the role of generalism (effectively a three-species module with a consumer feeding on two resources). It first examines how generalists affect the dynamics of food webs by focusing on a set of modules that contrast generalist consumer dynamics relative to the specialist case. It then discusses organismal trade-offs that play a role in governing the diamond food web module and the intraguild predation module, arguing that such tradeoffs influence the flux of matter, the organization of interaction strengths, and ultimately the stability of communities. The chapter also reviews empirical evidence showing that apparent competition and the diamond module with and without intraguild predation are ubiquitous, and that weak interactions in simple modules seem to promote less variable population dynamics.
Charles Muller
Dale S. Wright (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195175257
- eISBN:
- 9780199784608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195175255.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter traces the role of the Diamond Sutra through the earlier Korean tradition down to the present, focusing on the various types of commentarial treatment it received, and the way it is used ...
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This chapter traces the role of the Diamond Sutra through the earlier Korean tradition down to the present, focusing on the various types of commentarial treatment it received, and the way it is used at present both in monastic and lay practice. It also focuses on another sutra, the Ogahae, its production and content, along with Gihwa’s own assessments of its value. With widespread awareness of the Korean Sōn (Zen) tradition that developed mainly during the Goryeo and Joseon periods, having come relatively late as compared with its Japanese and Chinese counterparts, there is always a tendency to make comparisons with these traditions when trying to identify the character of Korean Sōn. One of the most prominent distinctive aspects of the Korean Sōn tradition is the degree to which Buddhist scriptural texts have continued to play a central role in the tradition. The most influential scripture is the Diamond Sutra, which has not only been studied and commented on extensively, but is by far the most commonly chanted text in Korea.Less
This chapter traces the role of the Diamond Sutra through the earlier Korean tradition down to the present, focusing on the various types of commentarial treatment it received, and the way it is used at present both in monastic and lay practice. It also focuses on another sutra, the Ogahae, its production and content, along with Gihwa’s own assessments of its value. With widespread awareness of the Korean Sōn (Zen) tradition that developed mainly during the Goryeo and Joseon periods, having come relatively late as compared with its Japanese and Chinese counterparts, there is always a tendency to make comparisons with these traditions when trying to identify the character of Korean Sōn. One of the most prominent distinctive aspects of the Korean Sōn tradition is the degree to which Buddhist scriptural texts have continued to play a central role in the tradition. The most influential scripture is the Diamond Sutra, which has not only been studied and commented on extensively, but is by far the most commonly chanted text in Korea.
Simon Mackenzie
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781529203783
- eISBN:
- 9781529203820
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529203783.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Trafficking is a form of transnational crime that involves the illicit movement of goods and people around the world. Such global criminal markets take a variety of forms, and this book reviews six ...
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Trafficking is a form of transnational crime that involves the illicit movement of goods and people around the world. Such global criminal markets take a variety of forms, and this book reviews six of them: trafficking in drugs, humans, wildlife, diamonds, arms, and antiquities. While there is a healthy literature on many of these types of trafficking, there is relatively little written that systematically compares and contrasts them. In doing that, this book allows us to lift the viewpoint above the details of each individual type of trafficking, to think theoretically about what they have in common. The book therefore serves two purposes. First, it is a primer and review of the main points of what we currently know about how each trafficking market works: who the traffickers are, what routines and structures are involved, what harm is caused, and the main types of regulation and control that attempt to constrain trafficking. Second, the text sets out a social theory of transnational markets, constituted and illustrated throughout by the empirical data reviewed. That theory ties the criminal practices of traffickers into the wider social promotion of a business-like mindset. This allows individuals and groups to compartmentalise the emotional and moral implications of illegal entrepreneurial profit generation, so that harmful action is seen as ‘just business’. As such, trafficking is rationalised by participants as comparable to the perceived amoral economic calculations of conventional business.Less
Trafficking is a form of transnational crime that involves the illicit movement of goods and people around the world. Such global criminal markets take a variety of forms, and this book reviews six of them: trafficking in drugs, humans, wildlife, diamonds, arms, and antiquities. While there is a healthy literature on many of these types of trafficking, there is relatively little written that systematically compares and contrasts them. In doing that, this book allows us to lift the viewpoint above the details of each individual type of trafficking, to think theoretically about what they have in common. The book therefore serves two purposes. First, it is a primer and review of the main points of what we currently know about how each trafficking market works: who the traffickers are, what routines and structures are involved, what harm is caused, and the main types of regulation and control that attempt to constrain trafficking. Second, the text sets out a social theory of transnational markets, constituted and illustrated throughout by the empirical data reviewed. That theory ties the criminal practices of traffickers into the wider social promotion of a business-like mindset. This allows individuals and groups to compartmentalise the emotional and moral implications of illegal entrepreneurial profit generation, so that harmful action is seen as ‘just business’. As such, trafficking is rationalised by participants as comparable to the perceived amoral economic calculations of conventional business.
A.M. Stoneham
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198507802
- eISBN:
- 9780191709920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507802.003.0019
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
Interstitial atoms and ions can often move rapidly through a crystal, and quickly form aggregates. The H-centre (interstitial atom in a halide) forms a molecular ion that can be observed readily. It ...
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Interstitial atoms and ions can often move rapidly through a crystal, and quickly form aggregates. The H-centre (interstitial atom in a halide) forms a molecular ion that can be observed readily. It is very important in radiation damage. In silicon and diamond, the situation is still not wholly clear, but the basic issues are discussed.Less
Interstitial atoms and ions can often move rapidly through a crystal, and quickly form aggregates. The H-centre (interstitial atom in a halide) forms a molecular ion that can be observed readily. It is very important in radiation damage. In silicon and diamond, the situation is still not wholly clear, but the basic issues are discussed.
A.M. Stoneham
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198507802
- eISBN:
- 9780191709920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507802.003.0027
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
Vacancies in diamond and silicon are classic defects in irradiated crystals. They are complicated because of the Jahn-Teller effect and the electronic correlation, and only recently have the ...
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Vacancies in diamond and silicon are classic defects in irradiated crystals. They are complicated because of the Jahn-Teller effect and the electronic correlation, and only recently have the controversies been resolved. The chapter discusses the key ideas, and shows how the mix of competing effects might be handled.Less
Vacancies in diamond and silicon are classic defects in irradiated crystals. They are complicated because of the Jahn-Teller effect and the electronic correlation, and only recently have the controversies been resolved. The chapter discusses the key ideas, and shows how the mix of competing effects might be handled.
Peter d. Spencer
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198776093
- eISBN:
- 9780191695384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198776093.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Based on the Diamond Model, the assumption is that bank liabilities are fixed-term loans. Investors loan from the bank to ultimate borrowers so that they may delegate the monitoring role. However, in ...
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Based on the Diamond Model, the assumption is that bank liabilities are fixed-term loans. Investors loan from the bank to ultimate borrowers so that they may delegate the monitoring role. However, in reality, retail bank liabilities consist of deposits that can be withdrawn without notice. This chapter focuses on the structure of the bank deposit, contract deposit insurance, and other ways of making the banking system run-proof. It first introduces the Dybvig and Diamond model, which is similar to the two-state model in Chapter 3, except that the preferences rather than the production outcomes are state dependent, meaning that people need early or late consumption, which depends upon which state materializes. The chapter also deals with optimal insurance, social insurance, and deposit insurance, which is a way of eliminating bank runs.Less
Based on the Diamond Model, the assumption is that bank liabilities are fixed-term loans. Investors loan from the bank to ultimate borrowers so that they may delegate the monitoring role. However, in reality, retail bank liabilities consist of deposits that can be withdrawn without notice. This chapter focuses on the structure of the bank deposit, contract deposit insurance, and other ways of making the banking system run-proof. It first introduces the Dybvig and Diamond model, which is similar to the two-state model in Chapter 3, except that the preferences rather than the production outcomes are state dependent, meaning that people need early or late consumption, which depends upon which state materializes. The chapter also deals with optimal insurance, social insurance, and deposit insurance, which is a way of eliminating bank runs.
Peter Scholze and Jared Weinstein
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691202082
- eISBN:
- 9780691202150
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691202082.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Geometry / Topology
This book presents an important breakthrough in arithmetic geometry. In 2014, this book's author delivered a series of lectures at the University of California, Berkeley, on new ideas in the theory ...
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This book presents an important breakthrough in arithmetic geometry. In 2014, this book's author delivered a series of lectures at the University of California, Berkeley, on new ideas in the theory of p-adic geometry. Building on his discovery of perfectoid spaces, the author introduced the concept of “diamonds,” which are to perfectoid spaces what algebraic spaces are to schemes. The introduction of diamonds, along with the development of a mixed-characteristic shtuka, set the stage for a critical advance in the discipline. This book shows that the moduli space of mixed-characteristic shtukas is a diamond, raising the possibility of using the cohomology of such spaces to attack the Langlands conjectures for a reductive group over a p-adic field. The book follows the informal style of the original Berkeley lectures, with one chapter per lecture. It explores p-adic and perfectoid spaces before laying out the newer theory of shtukas and their moduli spaces. Points of contact with other threads of the subject, including p-divisible groups, p-adic Hodge theory, and Rapoport-Zink spaces, are thoroughly explained.Less
This book presents an important breakthrough in arithmetic geometry. In 2014, this book's author delivered a series of lectures at the University of California, Berkeley, on new ideas in the theory of p-adic geometry. Building on his discovery of perfectoid spaces, the author introduced the concept of “diamonds,” which are to perfectoid spaces what algebraic spaces are to schemes. The introduction of diamonds, along with the development of a mixed-characteristic shtuka, set the stage for a critical advance in the discipline. This book shows that the moduli space of mixed-characteristic shtukas is a diamond, raising the possibility of using the cohomology of such spaces to attack the Langlands conjectures for a reductive group over a p-adic field. The book follows the informal style of the original Berkeley lectures, with one chapter per lecture. It explores p-adic and perfectoid spaces before laying out the newer theory of shtukas and their moduli spaces. Points of contact with other threads of the subject, including p-divisible groups, p-adic Hodge theory, and Rapoport-Zink spaces, are thoroughly explained.
Daniel Kremer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813165967
- eISBN:
- 9780813166742
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813165967.003.0010
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
A passion project provides Furie with a chance of redemption. Cowritten with young, first-time screenwriter Rick Natkin, The Boys in Company C (1978) becomes the most idyllic filmmaking experience of ...
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A passion project provides Furie with a chance of redemption. Cowritten with young, first-time screenwriter Rick Natkin, The Boys in Company C (1978) becomes the most idyllic filmmaking experience of Furie’s career. The film, financed by Hong Kong production outfit Golden Harvest and cast with an ensemble of unknowns, is the first film released by a major studio to examine American soldiers caught up in the Vietnam War. Kubrick appropriated many of the film’s conceits (and one of its key cast members, Furie’s discovery) for his own Full Metal Jacket (1987) ten years later. The film succeeds critically and financially and reaffirms Furie’s market value in the wake of his two previous flops. Afterward he quits Night of the Juggler (1980) in the middle of shooting and is fired from The Jazz Singer (1980) in the middle of shooting. He again becomes a pariah.Less
A passion project provides Furie with a chance of redemption. Cowritten with young, first-time screenwriter Rick Natkin, The Boys in Company C (1978) becomes the most idyllic filmmaking experience of Furie’s career. The film, financed by Hong Kong production outfit Golden Harvest and cast with an ensemble of unknowns, is the first film released by a major studio to examine American soldiers caught up in the Vietnam War. Kubrick appropriated many of the film’s conceits (and one of its key cast members, Furie’s discovery) for his own Full Metal Jacket (1987) ten years later. The film succeeds critically and financially and reaffirms Furie’s market value in the wake of his two previous flops. Afterward he quits Night of the Juggler (1980) in the middle of shooting and is fired from The Jazz Singer (1980) in the middle of shooting. He again becomes a pariah.
Susan Falls
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479810666
- eISBN:
- 9781479877430
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479810666.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
Images of diamonds appear everywhere in American culture. And everyone who has a diamond has a story to tell about it. Our stories about diamonds not only reveal what we do with these tiny stones, ...
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Images of diamonds appear everywhere in American culture. And everyone who has a diamond has a story to tell about it. Our stories about diamonds not only reveal what we do with these tiny stones, but also suggest how we create value, meaning, and identity through our interactions with material culture in general. Things become meaningful through our interactions with them, but how do people go about making meaning? What can we learn from an ethnography about the production of identity, creation of kinship, and use of diamonds in understanding selves and social relationships? By what means do people positioned within a globalized political-economy and a compelling universe of advertising interact locally with these tiny polished rocks? This book draws on 12 months of fieldwork with diamond consumers in New York City as well as an analysis of the iconic De Beers campaign that promised romance, status, and glamour to anyone who bought a diamond to show that this thematic pool is just one resource among many that diamond owners draw upon to engage with their own stones. It highlights the important roles that memory, context, and circumstance also play in shaping how people interpret and then use objects in making personal worlds. It shows that besides operating as subjects in an ad-burdened universe, consumers are highly creative, idiosyncratic, and theatrical agents.Less
Images of diamonds appear everywhere in American culture. And everyone who has a diamond has a story to tell about it. Our stories about diamonds not only reveal what we do with these tiny stones, but also suggest how we create value, meaning, and identity through our interactions with material culture in general. Things become meaningful through our interactions with them, but how do people go about making meaning? What can we learn from an ethnography about the production of identity, creation of kinship, and use of diamonds in understanding selves and social relationships? By what means do people positioned within a globalized political-economy and a compelling universe of advertising interact locally with these tiny polished rocks? This book draws on 12 months of fieldwork with diamond consumers in New York City as well as an analysis of the iconic De Beers campaign that promised romance, status, and glamour to anyone who bought a diamond to show that this thematic pool is just one resource among many that diamond owners draw upon to engage with their own stones. It highlights the important roles that memory, context, and circumstance also play in shaping how people interpret and then use objects in making personal worlds. It shows that besides operating as subjects in an ad-burdened universe, consumers are highly creative, idiosyncratic, and theatrical agents.
Sotirios A. Barber and James E. Fleming
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195328578
- eISBN:
- 9780199855339
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328578.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter sketches the principal features of the American constitutional order by explicating the broad themes of The Federalist. It shows that The Federalist embraces a positive ...
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This chapter sketches the principal features of the American constitutional order by explicating the broad themes of The Federalist. It shows that The Federalist embraces a positive constitutionalism, conceiving the Constitution as an instrument for pursuing positive benefits and ends; not a negative constitutionalism, viewing the Constitution as primarily a set of limitations upon government. Drawing upon Martin Diamond's classic analysis, the chapter puts forth the principal features as the basic conditions of a large commercial republic animated by commitments to responsible government (government that serves the public's true interests) as distinguished from government that is merely responsive to the public's immediate inclinations.Less
This chapter sketches the principal features of the American constitutional order by explicating the broad themes of The Federalist. It shows that The Federalist embraces a positive constitutionalism, conceiving the Constitution as an instrument for pursuing positive benefits and ends; not a negative constitutionalism, viewing the Constitution as primarily a set of limitations upon government. Drawing upon Martin Diamond's classic analysis, the chapter puts forth the principal features as the basic conditions of a large commercial republic animated by commitments to responsible government (government that serves the public's true interests) as distinguished from government that is merely responsive to the public's immediate inclinations.
Simon Mackenzie
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781529203783
- eISBN:
- 9781529203820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529203783.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter addresses diamond trafficking in four sections: the nature and extent of the harm; the structure of diamond trafficking (considered in terms of source, transit and demand); regulation ...
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This chapter addresses diamond trafficking in four sections: the nature and extent of the harm; the structure of diamond trafficking (considered in terms of source, transit and demand); regulation and control; and finally a discussion about diamond trafficking as illicit business enterprise. The controversy around conflict diamonds is reviewed, along with the routines of mining, trafficking, refining and the marketplace. The changing nature of the international diamond market is noted, and the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme is discussed along with its critics. In the final section, we consider the symbolic nature of diamonds and the ideological work that has gone into creating this symbolism. Reports from brokers and traffickers in the diamond market are referred to in support of the proposition that diamond trafficking is framed by participants as ‘just business’.Less
This chapter addresses diamond trafficking in four sections: the nature and extent of the harm; the structure of diamond trafficking (considered in terms of source, transit and demand); regulation and control; and finally a discussion about diamond trafficking as illicit business enterprise. The controversy around conflict diamonds is reviewed, along with the routines of mining, trafficking, refining and the marketplace. The changing nature of the international diamond market is noted, and the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme is discussed along with its critics. In the final section, we consider the symbolic nature of diamonds and the ideological work that has gone into creating this symbolism. Reports from brokers and traffickers in the diamond market are referred to in support of the proposition that diamond trafficking is framed by participants as ‘just business’.
David Soffa
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496819703
- eISBN:
- 9781496819758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496819703.003.0024
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Amalia Baka was a Greek Romaniate Jew from Ioannina who settled in New York in 1912 and later converted to Orthodoxy.She became a famous singer, recording artist, and songwriter who gave live ...
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Amalia Baka was a Greek Romaniate Jew from Ioannina who settled in New York in 1912 and later converted to Orthodoxy.She became a famous singer, recording artist, and songwriter who gave live performances in Greek and Turkish clubs, café amans, restaurants, and resorts. Her recorded music also encompassed Greek and other Balkan music traditions, and she often sang with her daughter, Diamond.Less
Amalia Baka was a Greek Romaniate Jew from Ioannina who settled in New York in 1912 and later converted to Orthodoxy.She became a famous singer, recording artist, and songwriter who gave live performances in Greek and Turkish clubs, café amans, restaurants, and resorts. Her recorded music also encompassed Greek and other Balkan music traditions, and she often sang with her daughter, Diamond.
Michael Tenzer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195384581
- eISBN:
- 9780199918331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384581.003.0010
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The act of cross-cultural musical comparison itself is fraught and in many ways forbidding due to the bewildering complexity of linking aspects of our inner selves with seemingly untranslatable and ...
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The act of cross-cultural musical comparison itself is fraught and in many ways forbidding due to the bewildering complexity of linking aspects of our inner selves with seemingly untranslatable and disparate musical experiences. After honing in on some of the challenges raised by these issues the chapter engages in analytical juxtaposition of outwardly dissimilar works that have been extensively primed for comparison in the author’s own inner life: two compositions in the Balinese gamelan’s lelambatan repertoire, and Robert Schumann’s Piano Quartet in Eb Major. Methodology and a suitable structural context for analysis are first established, and then the works are examined side-by-side for synonymous as well as mutually incompatible features. In the conclusion, the results of the comparison are set in relief against the analyst’s own cultural and historical milieu, viewed at several orders of magnitude.Less
The act of cross-cultural musical comparison itself is fraught and in many ways forbidding due to the bewildering complexity of linking aspects of our inner selves with seemingly untranslatable and disparate musical experiences. After honing in on some of the challenges raised by these issues the chapter engages in analytical juxtaposition of outwardly dissimilar works that have been extensively primed for comparison in the author’s own inner life: two compositions in the Balinese gamelan’s lelambatan repertoire, and Robert Schumann’s Piano Quartet in Eb Major. Methodology and a suitable structural context for analysis are first established, and then the works are examined side-by-side for synonymous as well as mutually incompatible features. In the conclusion, the results of the comparison are set in relief against the analyst’s own cultural and historical milieu, viewed at several orders of magnitude.
P. M. S Hacker
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199245697
- eISBN:
- 9780191602245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924569X.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Wittgenstein’s doctrines of what can be said and of what cannot be said but only shown, and the paradoxical conclusion of the Tractatus that the sentences of the book are nonsensical, are outlined. ...
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Wittgenstein’s doctrines of what can be said and of what cannot be said but only shown, and the paradoxical conclusion of the Tractatus that the sentences of the book are nonsensical, are outlined. Professor Cora Diamond’s interpretation of the Tractatus is sketched. It is criticized as inconsistent with the text of the Tractatus, on the one hand, and with everything that Wittgenstein said about the Tractatus, both while writing it and thereafter, on the other.Less
Wittgenstein’s doctrines of what can be said and of what cannot be said but only shown, and the paradoxical conclusion of the Tractatus that the sentences of the book are nonsensical, are outlined. Professor Cora Diamond’s interpretation of the Tractatus is sketched. It is criticized as inconsistent with the text of the Tractatus, on the one hand, and with everything that Wittgenstein said about the Tractatus, both while writing it and thereafter, on the other.
P. M. S Hacker
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199245697
- eISBN:
- 9780191602245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924569X.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
The controversy between Norman Malcolm and Peter Winch over the correct interpretation of the Tractatus conception of names, naming, and the method of projection of names is discussed. Evidence in ...
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The controversy between Norman Malcolm and Peter Winch over the correct interpretation of the Tractatus conception of names, naming, and the method of projection of names is discussed. Evidence in favour of Malcolm’s realist interpretation of the Tractatus doctrine is elaborated: the meaning of a Tractatus name is not exhausted by its logico-syntactical role, which determines only its form. The method of projection is meaning by a name in an elementary proposition the object that is its meaning. In an appendix, Professor Cora Diamond’s objections to this interpretation are rebutted.Less
The controversy between Norman Malcolm and Peter Winch over the correct interpretation of the Tractatus conception of names, naming, and the method of projection of names is discussed. Evidence in favour of Malcolm’s realist interpretation of the Tractatus doctrine is elaborated: the meaning of a Tractatus name is not exhausted by its logico-syntactical role, which determines only its form. The method of projection is meaning by a name in an elementary proposition the object that is its meaning. In an appendix, Professor Cora Diamond’s objections to this interpretation are rebutted.
Matthew Potoski and Aseem Prakash (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262162500
- eISBN:
- 9780262259132
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262162500.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The growth of voluntary programs has attracted the attention of policymakers, nongovernmental organizations, and scholars. Thousands of firms around the world participate in these programs, in which ...
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The growth of voluntary programs has attracted the attention of policymakers, nongovernmental organizations, and scholars. Thousands of firms around the world participate in these programs, in which members agree to undertake socially beneficial actions that go beyond the requirements of government regulations, such as following labor codes in the apparel industry, adhering to international accounting standards, and adopting internal environmental management systems. This book analyzes the efficacy of a variety of voluntary programs using a club theory, political-economy framework, and examines how programs’ design influences their effectiveness as policy tools. It finds that voluntary programs have achieved uneven success because of their varying standards and enforcement procedures. The club theory framework views voluntary programs as institutions that create incentives for firms to incur the costs of taking progressive action beyond what is required by law in exchange for benefits which nonmembers do not enjoy (such as enhanced standing with stakeholders). The book develops this theoretical framework and applies it to voluntary programs sponsored by industry associations, governments, and nongovernmental organizations, organized around policy issues such as “blood diamonds,” shipping, sweatshops, and the environment.Less
The growth of voluntary programs has attracted the attention of policymakers, nongovernmental organizations, and scholars. Thousands of firms around the world participate in these programs, in which members agree to undertake socially beneficial actions that go beyond the requirements of government regulations, such as following labor codes in the apparel industry, adhering to international accounting standards, and adopting internal environmental management systems. This book analyzes the efficacy of a variety of voluntary programs using a club theory, political-economy framework, and examines how programs’ design influences their effectiveness as policy tools. It finds that voluntary programs have achieved uneven success because of their varying standards and enforcement procedures. The club theory framework views voluntary programs as institutions that create incentives for firms to incur the costs of taking progressive action beyond what is required by law in exchange for benefits which nonmembers do not enjoy (such as enhanced standing with stakeholders). The book develops this theoretical framework and applies it to voluntary programs sponsored by industry associations, governments, and nongovernmental organizations, organized around policy issues such as “blood diamonds,” shipping, sweatshops, and the environment.
Steven Gerrard
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195133264
- eISBN:
- 9780199833580
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195133269.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
In this paper I argue, contrary to the traditional interpretation, that dividing Wittgenstein's career into “The Early Wittgenstein” and “The Later Wittgenstein” is a serious distortion. The main ...
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In this paper I argue, contrary to the traditional interpretation, that dividing Wittgenstein's career into “The Early Wittgenstein” and “The Later Wittgenstein” is a serious distortion. The main task of the paper is to outline a reading of the Tractatus that will give us one Wittgenstein. Building on the work of James Conant, Cora Diamond, Juliet Floyd, Warren Goldfarb, John McDowell, and Hilary Putnam, I will argue that throughout his career, Wittgenstein argued against metaphysical realism. I offer a reading of the Tractatus which is a retelling of the history of early analytic ontology.Less
In this paper I argue, contrary to the traditional interpretation, that dividing Wittgenstein's career into “The Early Wittgenstein” and “The Later Wittgenstein” is a serious distortion. The main task of the paper is to outline a reading of the Tractatus that will give us one Wittgenstein. Building on the work of James Conant, Cora Diamond, Juliet Floyd, Warren Goldfarb, John McDowell, and Hilary Putnam, I will argue that throughout his career, Wittgenstein argued against metaphysical realism. I offer a reading of the Tractatus which is a retelling of the history of early analytic ontology.
