Anthony W. Pereira
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198781837
- eISBN:
- 9780191598968
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198781830.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Explores the emergence of a combative rural labour movement since the late 1970s in North‐east Brazil, with primary emphasis on the state of Pernambuco. Confounding the emphasis on autonomy, ...
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Explores the emergence of a combative rural labour movement since the late 1970s in North‐east Brazil, with primary emphasis on the state of Pernambuco. Confounding the emphasis on autonomy, pluralism, and multi‐ or non‐class organization in the ‘new social movements’ literature, the author finds an ‘old’ union‐based, state‐linked, class‐based movement under a corporatist union structure acting much like a ‘new’ movement—adopting a combative strategy able to win significant rights for its members in some localities. Historical analysis demonstrates that this contemporary union movement was built on the foundations of rural mobilization in the early 1960s—in the form of the Peasant Leagues—that was much more in keeping with the ‘new social movements’ characterization. In explaining the emergence of a combative ‘old’ social movement on the foundations of a ‘new’ one, the author focuses on changes in both rural class structure and mobilization strategies that took place under the post‐1964 Brazilian military dictatorship.Less
Explores the emergence of a combative rural labour movement since the late 1970s in North‐east Brazil, with primary emphasis on the state of Pernambuco. Confounding the emphasis on autonomy, pluralism, and multi‐ or non‐class organization in the ‘new social movements’ literature, the author finds an ‘old’ union‐based, state‐linked, class‐based movement under a corporatist union structure acting much like a ‘new’ movement—adopting a combative strategy able to win significant rights for its members in some localities. Historical analysis demonstrates that this contemporary union movement was built on the foundations of rural mobilization in the early 1960s—in the form of the Peasant Leagues—that was much more in keeping with the ‘new social movements’ characterization. In explaining the emergence of a combative ‘old’ social movement on the foundations of a ‘new’ one, the author focuses on changes in both rural class structure and mobilization strategies that took place under the post‐1964 Brazilian military dictatorship.
Luis Moreno-Caballud
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381939
- eISBN:
- 9781781382295
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381939.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This book concludes with a proposal that seeks to address the ways that categories like ‘cultures of anyone’ or ‘cultures of experts’ can help strengthen the democratization processes described in ...
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This book concludes with a proposal that seeks to address the ways that categories like ‘cultures of anyone’ or ‘cultures of experts’ can help strengthen the democratization processes described in the previous chapters. It asks whether it makes sense to develop a story that tries to connect such disparate historical processes as Francoist developmentalism and the ‘15M climate’ in the neoliberal crisis. The book also considers the possibility of supporting from within academic institutions a democratization that stands up to centuries of cultural and social stratification aggravated by neoliberal inequality. Finally, it explains how ‘cultures of anyone’ were able to build a collective sense of their lives that includes everyone, and how it can be replicated.Less
This book concludes with a proposal that seeks to address the ways that categories like ‘cultures of anyone’ or ‘cultures of experts’ can help strengthen the democratization processes described in the previous chapters. It asks whether it makes sense to develop a story that tries to connect such disparate historical processes as Francoist developmentalism and the ‘15M climate’ in the neoliberal crisis. The book also considers the possibility of supporting from within academic institutions a democratization that stands up to centuries of cultural and social stratification aggravated by neoliberal inequality. Finally, it explains how ‘cultures of anyone’ were able to build a collective sense of their lives that includes everyone, and how it can be replicated.
G. W. Most
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199236343
- eISBN:
- 9780191717130
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236343.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
By analysing the pattern of Hesiodic quotations across Plato's works, this chapter concludes that Plato came to admire and use Hesiod — especially the Works and Days — more as he got older. The ...
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By analysing the pattern of Hesiodic quotations across Plato's works, this chapter concludes that Plato came to admire and use Hesiod — especially the Works and Days — more as he got older. The Hesiodic corpus, included the Theogony and Works and Days but not the Catalogue of Women and the minor works, just as the only genuine Homeric texts, for Plato, appear to be the Iliad and Odyssey.Less
By analysing the pattern of Hesiodic quotations across Plato's works, this chapter concludes that Plato came to admire and use Hesiod — especially the Works and Days — more as he got older. The Hesiodic corpus, included the Theogony and Works and Days but not the Catalogue of Women and the minor works, just as the only genuine Homeric texts, for Plato, appear to be the Iliad and Odyssey.
Daniel Brown
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198183532
- eISBN:
- 9780191674051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183532.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter examines English poet Gerald Manley Hopkins' conception of the ‘the Idea’. It suggests that though his concept was based on the Hegelian dialectic, it is not tied to the progressive ...
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This chapter examines English poet Gerald Manley Hopkins' conception of the ‘the Idea’. It suggests that though his concept was based on the Hegelian dialectic, it is not tied to the progressive historicism that is integral to Hegel's principle. In his Oxford essay The Probable Future of Metaphysics, Hopkins even rejected Hegel's developmentalism and his philosophy of development in time. This chapter suggests that Hopkins' concession to developmentalism was influenced by his mentor Benjamin Jowett, who believes that the history of thought describes a progressive clarification of the ultimate nature of truth.Less
This chapter examines English poet Gerald Manley Hopkins' conception of the ‘the Idea’. It suggests that though his concept was based on the Hegelian dialectic, it is not tied to the progressive historicism that is integral to Hegel's principle. In his Oxford essay The Probable Future of Metaphysics, Hopkins even rejected Hegel's developmentalism and his philosophy of development in time. This chapter suggests that Hopkins' concession to developmentalism was influenced by his mentor Benjamin Jowett, who believes that the history of thought describes a progressive clarification of the ultimate nature of truth.
Daniel W. Graham
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198243151
- eISBN:
- 9780191680649
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198243151.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This book addresses two major problems in interpreting Aristotle. Firstly, should we reconcile the apparent inconsistencies of the corpus by assuming an underlying unity of doctrine (unitarianism), ...
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This book addresses two major problems in interpreting Aristotle. Firstly, should we reconcile the apparent inconsistencies of the corpus by assuming an underlying unity of doctrine (unitarianism), or by positing a sequence of developing ideas (developmentalism)? Secondly, what is the relation between the so-called logical works on the one hand and the physical-metaphysical treatises on the other? Although the problems appear to be unrelated, the book finds that the key to the first lies in the second, and in doing so provides an alternative to the unitarian approach, the first since Jaeger's pioneering developmental study of 1923.Less
This book addresses two major problems in interpreting Aristotle. Firstly, should we reconcile the apparent inconsistencies of the corpus by assuming an underlying unity of doctrine (unitarianism), or by positing a sequence of developing ideas (developmentalism)? Secondly, what is the relation between the so-called logical works on the one hand and the physical-metaphysical treatises on the other? Although the problems appear to be unrelated, the book finds that the key to the first lies in the second, and in doing so provides an alternative to the unitarian approach, the first since Jaeger's pioneering developmental study of 1923.
Haomin Gong
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824835316
- eISBN:
- 9780824871185
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824835316.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Postsocialist China is marked by paradoxes: economic boom, political conservatism, cultural complexity. This book's study of these paradoxes, or “unevenness,” provides a unique and seminal approach ...
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Postsocialist China is marked by paradoxes: economic boom, political conservatism, cultural complexity. This book's study of these paradoxes, or “unevenness,” provides a unique and seminal approach to contemporary China. Reading unevenness as a problem and an opportunity simultaneously, the book investigates how this dialectical social situation shapes cultural production. The investigation begins by constructing a critical framework of unevenness among different theoretical schools and expounding on how dialectical thinking points to a metaphysical paradox in capitalism and modernity: the inevitable tension between a constant pursuit of infinite fullness and a break of fullness (unevenness) as the means of this pursuit. In the Chinese context, this paradox is created in the “uneven developmentalism” that most manifestly characterizes the postsocialist period. The book goes on to investigate manifestations of the dialectics of unevenness in specific cultural events. Four case studies address respectively but not exclusively literature (the prose of Yu Qiuyu), popular fiction (Chi Li's neorealist fiction), commercial cinema (the movies of Feng Xiaogang), and art-house cinema (Wang Xiaoshuai's filmmaking). Representing different aspects of cultural production in postsocialist China, these writers and directors deal with the same social condition of uneven development, and their works clearly exhibit the problematics of this age. The book makes a significant contribution to the burgeoning field of China studies as well as the study of uneven development in general. It addresses some of the most popular, yet understudied, cultural phenomena in contemporary China.Less
Postsocialist China is marked by paradoxes: economic boom, political conservatism, cultural complexity. This book's study of these paradoxes, or “unevenness,” provides a unique and seminal approach to contemporary China. Reading unevenness as a problem and an opportunity simultaneously, the book investigates how this dialectical social situation shapes cultural production. The investigation begins by constructing a critical framework of unevenness among different theoretical schools and expounding on how dialectical thinking points to a metaphysical paradox in capitalism and modernity: the inevitable tension between a constant pursuit of infinite fullness and a break of fullness (unevenness) as the means of this pursuit. In the Chinese context, this paradox is created in the “uneven developmentalism” that most manifestly characterizes the postsocialist period. The book goes on to investigate manifestations of the dialectics of unevenness in specific cultural events. Four case studies address respectively but not exclusively literature (the prose of Yu Qiuyu), popular fiction (Chi Li's neorealist fiction), commercial cinema (the movies of Feng Xiaogang), and art-house cinema (Wang Xiaoshuai's filmmaking). Representing different aspects of cultural production in postsocialist China, these writers and directors deal with the same social condition of uneven development, and their works clearly exhibit the problematics of this age. The book makes a significant contribution to the burgeoning field of China studies as well as the study of uneven development in general. It addresses some of the most popular, yet understudied, cultural phenomena in contemporary China.
Daniel Thomas Cook
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479899203
- eISBN:
- 9781479881413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479899203.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter outlines some ways in which “child” and “consumer” came to be put into cultural conversation with one another in the 1900–1930 period. During this time, a convergence was evident of ...
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This chapter outlines some ways in which “child” and “consumer” came to be put into cultural conversation with one another in the 1900–1930 period. During this time, a convergence was evident of children’s rights, consumer psychology, and retail practice. Mirroring a general shift in parental governance away from punishment and toward reward, both the language of children’s rights and of the psychology of advertising at the turn of the twentieth century embraced a demeanor of ingratiation. In this mounting worldview, gaining the favor of the child, the consumer or, as we will see, the child-consumer required a tactical pursuit of the agreeable. Retail sales personnel were encouraged to study and know the child customers just as mothers of an earlier era were encouraged to do. The impetus to ingratiate the child or otherwise defer to children’s interests and pleasures positioned the young ones as a kind of authority over these interests and pleasures, leaving parents ever in danger of sliding into indulgence and positioning market actors as key figures in child guidance.Less
This chapter outlines some ways in which “child” and “consumer” came to be put into cultural conversation with one another in the 1900–1930 period. During this time, a convergence was evident of children’s rights, consumer psychology, and retail practice. Mirroring a general shift in parental governance away from punishment and toward reward, both the language of children’s rights and of the psychology of advertising at the turn of the twentieth century embraced a demeanor of ingratiation. In this mounting worldview, gaining the favor of the child, the consumer or, as we will see, the child-consumer required a tactical pursuit of the agreeable. Retail sales personnel were encouraged to study and know the child customers just as mothers of an earlier era were encouraged to do. The impetus to ingratiate the child or otherwise defer to children’s interests and pleasures positioned the young ones as a kind of authority over these interests and pleasures, leaving parents ever in danger of sliding into indulgence and positioning market actors as key figures in child guidance.
Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231175081
- eISBN:
- 9780231541213
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231175081.003.0018
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
this chapter discusses the differences between the concept of what it labels as “new developmentalism” and the traditional “old” developmentalism—the theory and policy derived from the work of the ...
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this chapter discusses the differences between the concept of what it labels as “new developmentalism” and the traditional “old” developmentalism—the theory and policy derived from the work of the pioneers of development economics. It is argued that the most important difference between these two forms of developmentalism is the role of macroeconomic policy; in particular, how it is coordinated to maintain fiscal sustainability, low inflation and, in particular, competitive real exchange rate.Less
this chapter discusses the differences between the concept of what it labels as “new developmentalism” and the traditional “old” developmentalism—the theory and policy derived from the work of the pioneers of development economics. It is argued that the most important difference between these two forms of developmentalism is the role of macroeconomic policy; in particular, how it is coordinated to maintain fiscal sustainability, low inflation and, in particular, competitive real exchange rate.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804761468
- eISBN:
- 9780804786850
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804761468.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter discusses developmentalism during the twentieth-century, which is viewed as one kind of space-making project. It shows that this developmentalism had an important influence on fisher ...
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This chapter discusses developmentalism during the twentieth-century, which is viewed as one kind of space-making project. It shows that this developmentalism had an important influence on fisher artisanship, specifically its spatialization. The chapter provides an historical record of administrative rationality (i.e. ways spatial imaginaries updated developmental strategies). It then contrasts three different perspectives of colonial fishery administrators, namely Sundara Raj, Hornell, and Nicholson, on the question of trawling. By contrasting these perspectives, this chapter presents three spatial imaginaries of the coast and shows how these images informed certain developmental interventions along the southern coast of India in the first thirty years of the twentieth century. The chapter also addresses postcolonial developmentalism and the similarities between the postcolonial fisher artisan and the colonial imagining of coastal artisanship.Less
This chapter discusses developmentalism during the twentieth-century, which is viewed as one kind of space-making project. It shows that this developmentalism had an important influence on fisher artisanship, specifically its spatialization. The chapter provides an historical record of administrative rationality (i.e. ways spatial imaginaries updated developmental strategies). It then contrasts three different perspectives of colonial fishery administrators, namely Sundara Raj, Hornell, and Nicholson, on the question of trawling. By contrasting these perspectives, this chapter presents three spatial imaginaries of the coast and shows how these images informed certain developmental interventions along the southern coast of India in the first thirty years of the twentieth century. The chapter also addresses postcolonial developmentalism and the similarities between the postcolonial fisher artisan and the colonial imagining of coastal artisanship.
Carol Wise
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780300224092
- eISBN:
- 9780300252378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300224092.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter details the incorporation of Argentina and Brazil into China’s internationalized development strategy as its demand for natural resources skyrocketed. In doing so, it considers the ...
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This chapter details the incorporation of Argentina and Brazil into China’s internationalized development strategy as its demand for natural resources skyrocketed. In doing so, it considers the effects of institutional weakness and natural resource abundance on economic performance and the ways effective institutions deteriorate during a commodity boom. It proceeds in three sections: the first analyzing the rise of China in Argentina and Brazil post-2000, the second reviewing the developmentalist model both countries implemented during that time, and the third analyzing the resulting institutional erosion.Less
This chapter details the incorporation of Argentina and Brazil into China’s internationalized development strategy as its demand for natural resources skyrocketed. In doing so, it considers the effects of institutional weakness and natural resource abundance on economic performance and the ways effective institutions deteriorate during a commodity boom. It proceeds in three sections: the first analyzing the rise of China in Argentina and Brazil post-2000, the second reviewing the developmentalist model both countries implemented during that time, and the third analyzing the resulting institutional erosion.
Carolina Rocha
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781786940544
- eISBN:
- 9781786944955
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940544.003.0002
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter provides a brief account of post 1955 political events in Argentina, starting with the coup d’état that ousted Juan Domingo Perón and established the revolución libertadora. I argue that ...
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This chapter provides a brief account of post 1955 political events in Argentina, starting with the coup d’état that ousted Juan Domingo Perón and established the revolución libertadora. I argue that after 1955, a new vision for Argentina was developed and implemented. The Armed Forces’ intervention in the country’s affairs coincided with developments in other parts of Latin America that encouraged the notion of socio-political change and developmentalism which was evident in the arts and sciences. I also contend that these changes contributed to reaffirm Argentine nationalism which aligned Argentina with Western values and Catholicism. I also survey the military and civil governments in the late 1960s and early 1970s.Less
This chapter provides a brief account of post 1955 political events in Argentina, starting with the coup d’état that ousted Juan Domingo Perón and established the revolución libertadora. I argue that after 1955, a new vision for Argentina was developed and implemented. The Armed Forces’ intervention in the country’s affairs coincided with developments in other parts of Latin America that encouraged the notion of socio-political change and developmentalism which was evident in the arts and sciences. I also contend that these changes contributed to reaffirm Argentine nationalism which aligned Argentina with Western values and Catholicism. I also survey the military and civil governments in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Amy C. Offner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691190938
- eISBN:
- 9780691192628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691190938.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter describes the Cauca Valley Corporations (CVC) that performed the iconic functions of the developmental state, giving the national government unprecedented reach and power. The autonomous ...
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This chapter describes the Cauca Valley Corporations (CVC) that performed the iconic functions of the developmental state, giving the national government unprecedented reach and power. The autonomous corporation was in fact the public authority that administered Colombia's 1961 land reform law in one of Latin America's richest agricultural regions. No policy more powerfully symbolized the promise of mid-century developmentalism, and none depended more systematically on local intermediaries whose skills and relationships undergirded every property negotiation, cadastral survey, and forcible eviction. The CVC translated the letter of the law into facts on the ground. The CVC also interpreted the law and sealed its fate in the Cauca Valley. Crafted in the wake of the Cuban revolution, Colombia's agrarian reform aimed to show Latin Americans that capitalist development could deliver economic redistribution and social justice.Less
This chapter describes the Cauca Valley Corporations (CVC) that performed the iconic functions of the developmental state, giving the national government unprecedented reach and power. The autonomous corporation was in fact the public authority that administered Colombia's 1961 land reform law in one of Latin America's richest agricultural regions. No policy more powerfully symbolized the promise of mid-century developmentalism, and none depended more systematically on local intermediaries whose skills and relationships undergirded every property negotiation, cadastral survey, and forcible eviction. The CVC translated the letter of the law into facts on the ground. The CVC also interpreted the law and sealed its fate in the Cauca Valley. Crafted in the wake of the Cuban revolution, Colombia's agrarian reform aimed to show Latin Americans that capitalist development could deliver economic redistribution and social justice.
Amy C. Offner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691190938
- eISBN:
- 9780691192628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691190938.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter discusses private homes in Latin America. The largest housing project built in Latin America under the Alliance for Progress was a private homeownership venture. Ciudad Kennedy, or ...
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This chapter discusses private homes in Latin America. The largest housing project built in Latin America under the Alliance for Progress was a private homeownership venture. Ciudad Kennedy, or Kennedy City, grew up on the outskirts of Bogotá during the early 1960s, a sprawling complex of private homes and apartments designed to house 84,000 people. The promise of private property ownership fascinated everyone involved in the undertaking. Nearly four decades later, an original resident of Superblock 7 explained the origins of his neighborhood by digging up a newspaper ad from 1962. Ciudad Kennedy became an international exemplar of “aided self-help housing,” a characteristic policy of mid-century developmentalism. Deployed in mixed economies worldwide, the program assigned governments the tasks of titling land, extending mortgage loans, supplying materials, and supervising construction while recipients built the housing and became property owners.Less
This chapter discusses private homes in Latin America. The largest housing project built in Latin America under the Alliance for Progress was a private homeownership venture. Ciudad Kennedy, or Kennedy City, grew up on the outskirts of Bogotá during the early 1960s, a sprawling complex of private homes and apartments designed to house 84,000 people. The promise of private property ownership fascinated everyone involved in the undertaking. Nearly four decades later, an original resident of Superblock 7 explained the origins of his neighborhood by digging up a newspaper ad from 1962. Ciudad Kennedy became an international exemplar of “aided self-help housing,” a characteristic policy of mid-century developmentalism. Deployed in mixed economies worldwide, the program assigned governments the tasks of titling land, extending mortgage loans, supplying materials, and supervising construction while recipients built the housing and became property owners.
Eve Z. Bratman
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- October 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190949389
- eISBN:
- 9780190949419
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190949389.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics, International Relations and Politics
Sustainable development is among the foremost ideas that guide societal aspirations around the world. This book interrogates the concept through a critical lens, examining both its history and the ...
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Sustainable development is among the foremost ideas that guide societal aspirations around the world. This book interrogates the concept through a critical lens, examining both its history and the trajectory of its manifestations in the Brazilian Amazon. The book argues that sustainable development is a concept that is better understood as involving embroilments and ongoing processes of contestation rather than a single end goal. The research offers historical analysis of Amazonian development from the colonial era into the discourse and praxis of sustainable development in contemporary times, and then illustrates the tensions of sustainable development plans that are experienced by people living in the areas geographically the closest to where those plans are being implemented. The history of the Brazilian Amazon is introduced to readers through focused discussions on the tensions between making grand plans for the region and the everyday practices and experiences of sustainable development, which involve considerably more muddling. Case studies explore agrarian reform initiatives that occur alongside road paving projects, the creation of extractive reserves and conservation areas that follow in the wake of assassinations, and the construction of a massive hydroelectric dam. While Amazonian sustainable development is a widely-accepted imperative, the research presented here shows how land use and infrastructure plans conducted in the name of sustainable development often perpetuate and reinforce economic and political inequalities.Less
Sustainable development is among the foremost ideas that guide societal aspirations around the world. This book interrogates the concept through a critical lens, examining both its history and the trajectory of its manifestations in the Brazilian Amazon. The book argues that sustainable development is a concept that is better understood as involving embroilments and ongoing processes of contestation rather than a single end goal. The research offers historical analysis of Amazonian development from the colonial era into the discourse and praxis of sustainable development in contemporary times, and then illustrates the tensions of sustainable development plans that are experienced by people living in the areas geographically the closest to where those plans are being implemented. The history of the Brazilian Amazon is introduced to readers through focused discussions on the tensions between making grand plans for the region and the everyday practices and experiences of sustainable development, which involve considerably more muddling. Case studies explore agrarian reform initiatives that occur alongside road paving projects, the creation of extractive reserves and conservation areas that follow in the wake of assassinations, and the construction of a massive hydroelectric dam. While Amazonian sustainable development is a widely-accepted imperative, the research presented here shows how land use and infrastructure plans conducted in the name of sustainable development often perpetuate and reinforce economic and political inequalities.
Lloyd P. Gerson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452413
- eISBN:
- 9780801469183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452413.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter considers whether Plato's thought had “developed” in any way, paving the way for a discussion on developmentalism and Plato's development. Developmentalism of various sorts is ...
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This chapter considers whether Plato's thought had “developed” in any way, paving the way for a discussion on developmentalism and Plato's development. Developmentalism of various sorts is distinguished from unitarianism, the view that there is no change in doctrine across the dialogues. The unitarianism of those who hold that the dialogues are the sole locus of Plato's philosophy is substantially different from the unitarianism of those who hold that the so-called unwritten teachings are the locus of Plato's philosophy and the dialogues serve only a protreptic function in relation to these. The chapter first examines the unitarianism of those who hold that there are no doctrines in the dialogues before next turning to the proponents of the unwritten teachings.Less
This chapter considers whether Plato's thought had “developed” in any way, paving the way for a discussion on developmentalism and Plato's development. Developmentalism of various sorts is distinguished from unitarianism, the view that there is no change in doctrine across the dialogues. The unitarianism of those who hold that the dialogues are the sole locus of Plato's philosophy is substantially different from the unitarianism of those who hold that the so-called unwritten teachings are the locus of Plato's philosophy and the dialogues serve only a protreptic function in relation to these. The chapter first examines the unitarianism of those who hold that there are no doctrines in the dialogues before next turning to the proponents of the unwritten teachings.
Aijaz Ashraf Wani
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780199487608
- eISBN:
- 9780199097166
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199487608.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
What Happened to governance in Kashmir? studies the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the perspective of an ‘exceptional state’ rather than a ‘normal state’, a periphery on the margins of the centre, ...
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What Happened to governance in Kashmir? studies the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the perspective of an ‘exceptional state’ rather than a ‘normal state’, a periphery on the margins of the centre, and thus shifts the focus from the central grid to the local arena. It contains a mass of information on what successive governments did to manage the conflicted state of Jammu and Kashmir. It identifies the various issues and problems the state has been confronted with since the transfer of power to ‘popular’ government in 1948 to 1989. The book makes a critical study of the engagement of Indian state and its clientele governments and patronage democracies with political instability to create ‘order’ in ‘durable disorder’. With having examined the different political, military, legal, economic, social, and cultural strategies, instruments and tactics employed by the state at different times to suit changing environments, this is the first work on post 1947 Kashmir which brings together many capital dimensions of state, politics, and governance in Kashmir under one cover. While critically delineating the doings of the governments, the book does not only provide flesh and blood to some existing narratives, it also modifies and even refutes some of the long held assumptions on the basis of hitherto unexamined evidence. All in all, the book illuminates the reader about the policies of Indian state towards Kashmir and the extent the successive governments have succeeded in winning the emotional integration of Kashmiris with the Indian Union. As Sheikh Abdullah was a central figure of Kashmir politics and governance, the readers will find a refreshingly new light on his governance when he was in power, and a most influential agency to mould the public opinion when he was out of state power. Similar revealing information on the other governments are documented for the first time. Having studied each government in its own right, we find the governance characterized by change in continuity. Indeed, governance in Kashmir does not constitute one single development. In essence it is a diachronic assemblage, a composite result of different systems each with its own internal or imposed coherence moving at different speeds—some are stable, some move slowly, and some wear themselves out more quickly depending on various forces and factors. What Happened to Governance in Kashmir? is a telling tale on the state of governance in Kashmir; the policies and strategies adopted by Indian state and the successive patronage governments to grapple with the multifarious problems of the state. Kashmir is an ailing state. It is the victim of colonialism and partition, which subverted its geographical centrality with serious economic implications besides making it a permanent conflict state causing immense human and material loss. Besides being claimed by India, Pakistan, and Kashmiris, it is also a rainbow state very difficult to manage with various ethno-regional and sub-regional nationalities at cross-purposes. Added to this, it is a dependent state. This book situates governance in its total milieu and examines the governance in the framework of challenge and response continuum. It unfolds how in a conflict state like Kashmir democracy and governance is always guided and controlled. This is the first comprehensive book on the post 1947 governance in Kashmir.Less
What Happened to governance in Kashmir? studies the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the perspective of an ‘exceptional state’ rather than a ‘normal state’, a periphery on the margins of the centre, and thus shifts the focus from the central grid to the local arena. It contains a mass of information on what successive governments did to manage the conflicted state of Jammu and Kashmir. It identifies the various issues and problems the state has been confronted with since the transfer of power to ‘popular’ government in 1948 to 1989. The book makes a critical study of the engagement of Indian state and its clientele governments and patronage democracies with political instability to create ‘order’ in ‘durable disorder’. With having examined the different political, military, legal, economic, social, and cultural strategies, instruments and tactics employed by the state at different times to suit changing environments, this is the first work on post 1947 Kashmir which brings together many capital dimensions of state, politics, and governance in Kashmir under one cover. While critically delineating the doings of the governments, the book does not only provide flesh and blood to some existing narratives, it also modifies and even refutes some of the long held assumptions on the basis of hitherto unexamined evidence. All in all, the book illuminates the reader about the policies of Indian state towards Kashmir and the extent the successive governments have succeeded in winning the emotional integration of Kashmiris with the Indian Union. As Sheikh Abdullah was a central figure of Kashmir politics and governance, the readers will find a refreshingly new light on his governance when he was in power, and a most influential agency to mould the public opinion when he was out of state power. Similar revealing information on the other governments are documented for the first time. Having studied each government in its own right, we find the governance characterized by change in continuity. Indeed, governance in Kashmir does not constitute one single development. In essence it is a diachronic assemblage, a composite result of different systems each with its own internal or imposed coherence moving at different speeds—some are stable, some move slowly, and some wear themselves out more quickly depending on various forces and factors. What Happened to Governance in Kashmir? is a telling tale on the state of governance in Kashmir; the policies and strategies adopted by Indian state and the successive patronage governments to grapple with the multifarious problems of the state. Kashmir is an ailing state. It is the victim of colonialism and partition, which subverted its geographical centrality with serious economic implications besides making it a permanent conflict state causing immense human and material loss. Besides being claimed by India, Pakistan, and Kashmiris, it is also a rainbow state very difficult to manage with various ethno-regional and sub-regional nationalities at cross-purposes. Added to this, it is a dependent state. This book situates governance in its total milieu and examines the governance in the framework of challenge and response continuum. It unfolds how in a conflict state like Kashmir democracy and governance is always guided and controlled. This is the first comprehensive book on the post 1947 governance in Kashmir.
Bhangya Bhukya
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- February 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199468089
- eISBN:
- 9780199087440
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199468089.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History, Social History
Exploring the history of the Gonds of Deccan India, the book traces the genealogy of the periphery in the Indian subcontinent. The idea of ‘periphery’ in India is shaped by narratives of wildness, ...
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Exploring the history of the Gonds of Deccan India, the book traces the genealogy of the periphery in the Indian subcontinent. The idea of ‘periphery’ in India is shaped by narratives of wildness, empire building, insurgency, migration, protectionism, and development. State-making in India involved war, destruction, violence, taxation, subjugation, and caste suppression. In the process many self-governing communities were driven into non-state spaces—in this case the hills and forests. The Gonds Rajas of the Chanda dynasty had maintained their relative autonomy through the ages, keeping many an empire at bay. The British conquered the hill and forest tracts, and initially sought to integrate the Gonds into a wider caste-Hindu society as property-owning peasant farmers by offering zamindari rights to some Gond Rajas as well as by encouraging caste-Hindus to migrate into hill the tracts. This policy failed for a variety of reasons. The adivasis (indigenous peoples) relinquished their lands in protest against colonial revenue and agricultural policies and settled deeper into the forest. This led to resistance and insurgency in this region. In response, the colonial state adopted a policy of protectionism, creating an administrative boundary between mainland plains and hills that served to exoticize and stigmatize the adivasis, who were judged to be ‘primitives’ undeserving of self-rule. During the last decades of the British rule, the Gonds reimagined their ruling past to challenge the colonial and the princely state. This was crucial to the Gonds to negotiate a place for them within the colonial and postcolonial state establishment.Less
Exploring the history of the Gonds of Deccan India, the book traces the genealogy of the periphery in the Indian subcontinent. The idea of ‘periphery’ in India is shaped by narratives of wildness, empire building, insurgency, migration, protectionism, and development. State-making in India involved war, destruction, violence, taxation, subjugation, and caste suppression. In the process many self-governing communities were driven into non-state spaces—in this case the hills and forests. The Gonds Rajas of the Chanda dynasty had maintained their relative autonomy through the ages, keeping many an empire at bay. The British conquered the hill and forest tracts, and initially sought to integrate the Gonds into a wider caste-Hindu society as property-owning peasant farmers by offering zamindari rights to some Gond Rajas as well as by encouraging caste-Hindus to migrate into hill the tracts. This policy failed for a variety of reasons. The adivasis (indigenous peoples) relinquished their lands in protest against colonial revenue and agricultural policies and settled deeper into the forest. This led to resistance and insurgency in this region. In response, the colonial state adopted a policy of protectionism, creating an administrative boundary between mainland plains and hills that served to exoticize and stigmatize the adivasis, who were judged to be ‘primitives’ undeserving of self-rule. During the last decades of the British rule, the Gonds reimagined their ruling past to challenge the colonial and the princely state. This was crucial to the Gonds to negotiate a place for them within the colonial and postcolonial state establishment.
Shizuka Oshitani
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719069383
- eISBN:
- 9781781701546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719069383.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter gives background information on policy-making to tackle the global warming problem in Japan and Britain. It has already been mentioned that Japan could be considered corporatist and ...
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This chapter gives background information on policy-making to tackle the global warming problem in Japan and Britain. It has already been mentioned that Japan could be considered corporatist and Britain pluralist in terms of government-industry relations, patterns of interest representation, and the norm of decision-making. The chapter explains how these differences are actually reflected in the traditionally dominant environmental policy styles of the two countries. It considers those industrial structural contexts that have important implications for the politics of global warming. It first describes policy styles and environmental politics in Japan, focusing on consensus, concertation, and developmentalism. It then discusses pitfalls in environmental policy in Japan, consultation as well as science and reactivism in Britain, and the main actors who are either very concerned about or very committed to the policy of reducing carbon dioxide emissions.Less
This chapter gives background information on policy-making to tackle the global warming problem in Japan and Britain. It has already been mentioned that Japan could be considered corporatist and Britain pluralist in terms of government-industry relations, patterns of interest representation, and the norm of decision-making. The chapter explains how these differences are actually reflected in the traditionally dominant environmental policy styles of the two countries. It considers those industrial structural contexts that have important implications for the politics of global warming. It first describes policy styles and environmental politics in Japan, focusing on consensus, concertation, and developmentalism. It then discusses pitfalls in environmental policy in Japan, consultation as well as science and reactivism in Britain, and the main actors who are either very concerned about or very committed to the policy of reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
Catherine Boone and Dhawal Doshi
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748639687
- eISBN:
- 9780748653171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639687.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter discusses how the China model guides China's economic and diplomatic relationship with Africa. It discusses whether there is any evidence that Africans themselves see deepening ...
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This chapter discusses how the China model guides China's economic and diplomatic relationship with Africa. It discusses whether there is any evidence that Africans themselves see deepening African-China ties in this light. This chapter develops arguments on the China model in Africa in four steps. First, it offers a sketch of the IFI model of external involvement in African political economies. Second, it provides a brief overview of the volume, composition, and geographic loci of Chinese trade and investment ties with Africa since the late 1990s. Third, it argues that Chinese involvement differs from the IFI model in three particular ways, and that these together constitute the distinctive China model in Africa. Fourth, it presents the results of an analysis of African views of Chinese-African ties, with particular attention to the question of whether the idea of a China model is discernable in everyday commentary on this issue. For this, the chapter conducted a content analysis of ten Nigerian, Kenyan, and South African dailies from 2006–07.Less
This chapter discusses how the China model guides China's economic and diplomatic relationship with Africa. It discusses whether there is any evidence that Africans themselves see deepening African-China ties in this light. This chapter develops arguments on the China model in Africa in four steps. First, it offers a sketch of the IFI model of external involvement in African political economies. Second, it provides a brief overview of the volume, composition, and geographic loci of Chinese trade and investment ties with Africa since the late 1990s. Third, it argues that Chinese involvement differs from the IFI model in three particular ways, and that these together constitute the distinctive China model in Africa. Fourth, it presents the results of an analysis of African views of Chinese-African ties, with particular attention to the question of whether the idea of a China model is discernable in everyday commentary on this issue. For this, the chapter conducted a content analysis of ten Nigerian, Kenyan, and South African dailies from 2006–07.
Elizabeth Thurbon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781501702525
- eISBN:
- 9781501704178
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501702525.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter describes the developmental state model and discusses the formation of a developmental mindset in Korea. It pays particular attention to the shared formative experience of Korea's first ...
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This chapter describes the developmental state model and discusses the formation of a developmental mindset in Korea. It pays particular attention to the shared formative experience of Korea's first developmentally minded policymakers under Japanese colonial rule, especially the experiences of Park Chung Hee, who is widely remarked as the father of Korean developmentalism, and his closest associates. It shows how the colonial encounter generally, and their service in the Japanese Imperial Army in 1930s Manchuria and Korea in particular, fueled these men's strong desire for Korean independence. The occupation exposed them to Japanese-style statecraft, showing them firsthand how a state could effectively manipulate an economy for nationalistic, industrial transformation purposes. The chapter concludes with an examination of how developmental ideas became a shared way of thinking among the Korean policy elite.Less
This chapter describes the developmental state model and discusses the formation of a developmental mindset in Korea. It pays particular attention to the shared formative experience of Korea's first developmentally minded policymakers under Japanese colonial rule, especially the experiences of Park Chung Hee, who is widely remarked as the father of Korean developmentalism, and his closest associates. It shows how the colonial encounter generally, and their service in the Japanese Imperial Army in 1930s Manchuria and Korea in particular, fueled these men's strong desire for Korean independence. The occupation exposed them to Japanese-style statecraft, showing them firsthand how a state could effectively manipulate an economy for nationalistic, industrial transformation purposes. The chapter concludes with an examination of how developmental ideas became a shared way of thinking among the Korean policy elite.
