William M. Lafferty and James Meadowcroft
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242016
- eISBN:
- 9780191599736
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242011.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Establishes the conceptual and methodological framework for the study of government efforts to implement sustainable development in the industrialized countries. It examines the emergence of ...
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Establishes the conceptual and methodological framework for the study of government efforts to implement sustainable development in the industrialized countries. It examines the emergence of sustainable development in international political discourse, the engagement of the social science research community with sustainable development, and the implementation problems associated with sustainable development. It anchors the understanding of sustainable development in the 1987 Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development and the subsequent international process that led on to the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. It suggests that while sustainable development will remain a politically contested concept, it also possesses a core meaning that can orient policy development.Less
Establishes the conceptual and methodological framework for the study of government efforts to implement sustainable development in the industrialized countries. It examines the emergence of sustainable development in international political discourse, the engagement of the social science research community with sustainable development, and the implementation problems associated with sustainable development. It anchors the understanding of sustainable development in the 1987 Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development and the subsequent international process that led on to the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. It suggests that while sustainable development will remain a politically contested concept, it also possesses a core meaning that can orient policy development.
Saskia Sassen
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292296
- eISBN:
- 9780191599569
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292295.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter discusses the emergence of a de facto transnationalism in the handling of immigration issues. Transnationalism is applied to immigration policy developments that are viewed as fragmented ...
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This chapter discusses the emergence of a de facto transnationalism in the handling of immigration issues. Transnationalism is applied to immigration policy developments that are viewed as fragmented and incipient, have not been fully captured at the most formal levels of international public law and conventions, nor in the national representations of the sovereign state. Discussions cover the operation of states under a new rule of law, the two cornerstones of immigration policy in developed countries — the border and individual as sites for regulatory enforcement, and the constraints faced by developed nations in formulating immigration policy.Less
This chapter discusses the emergence of a de facto transnationalism in the handling of immigration issues. Transnationalism is applied to immigration policy developments that are viewed as fragmented and incipient, have not been fully captured at the most formal levels of international public law and conventions, nor in the national representations of the sovereign state. Discussions cover the operation of states under a new rule of law, the two cornerstones of immigration policy in developed countries — the border and individual as sites for regulatory enforcement, and the constraints faced by developed nations in formulating immigration policy.
Giandomenico Majone
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294719
- eISBN:
- 9780191599361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294719.003.0026
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Provides an account of the transformation of policy‐making. From the top‐down state‐centric approach and from the bottom‐up grassroots popularism of the 60s and 70s, policy‐making now reflects an ...
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Provides an account of the transformation of policy‐making. From the top‐down state‐centric approach and from the bottom‐up grassroots popularism of the 60s and 70s, policy‐making now reflects an increasing emphasis on the importance of ideas and institutions. How can we understand this shift in emphasis? Offers an account of the contracting approach, on the basis of the growing need for efficiency in public policy, credibility and reputation maintenance, and the rediscovery of the importance of institutions. Theoretical implications of the contracting approach are outlined.Less
Provides an account of the transformation of policy‐making. From the top‐down state‐centric approach and from the bottom‐up grassroots popularism of the 60s and 70s, policy‐making now reflects an increasing emphasis on the importance of ideas and institutions. How can we understand this shift in emphasis? Offers an account of the contracting approach, on the basis of the growing need for efficiency in public policy, credibility and reputation maintenance, and the rediscovery of the importance of institutions. Theoretical implications of the contracting approach are outlined.
Kenneth A. Armstrong
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199257409
- eISBN:
- 9780191600951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019925740X.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Armstrong links macro structures to the micro level (individual action) by providing a critical analysis of the institutionalization of new modes of governance and their impact on civil society and ...
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Armstrong links macro structures to the micro level (individual action) by providing a critical analysis of the institutionalization of new modes of governance and their impact on civil society and democratic politics. The argument is presented with respect to a particular new mode of governance, the open method of co‐ordination (or OMC), which is seen as posing challenges for integration theories that assume that law and courts would be central to understanding EU governance. OMC does not rest on the instrumental usage of EU law to achieve its goal and triggers law‐production at the national rather than the EU level. Focussing on the application of the OMC to the fight against poverty and social exclusion, Armstrong elaborates the tension (and potential pitfalls and promise) this new mode of governance presents for EU democracy. The six sections of the chapter are: Introduction; OMC and Integration Theory; Institutional Context and Change: Systemic Discourses, Rules and Norms—an analysis of the systemic context of OMC inclusion policy; The Organizational, Procedural, and Substantive Levels of Policy Development; Mobilizing Actors—the roles of civil society actors at national/subnational and transnational levels in the OMC inclusion process; and Conclusions.Less
Armstrong links macro structures to the micro level (individual action) by providing a critical analysis of the institutionalization of new modes of governance and their impact on civil society and democratic politics. The argument is presented with respect to a particular new mode of governance, the open method of co‐ordination (or OMC), which is seen as posing challenges for integration theories that assume that law and courts would be central to understanding EU governance. OMC does not rest on the instrumental usage of EU law to achieve its goal and triggers law‐production at the national rather than the EU level. Focussing on the application of the OMC to the fight against poverty and social exclusion, Armstrong elaborates the tension (and potential pitfalls and promise) this new mode of governance presents for EU democracy. The six sections of the chapter are: Introduction; OMC and Integration Theory; Institutional Context and Change: Systemic Discourses, Rules and Norms—an analysis of the systemic context of OMC inclusion policy; The Organizational, Procedural, and Substantive Levels of Policy Development; Mobilizing Actors—the roles of civil society actors at national/subnational and transnational levels in the OMC inclusion process; and Conclusions.
Edward C. Page
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250158
- eISBN:
- 9780191599439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250154.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Europeanization represents something of a paradox: at one level it is impossible to argue that the state has not been ‘Europeanized’ to some degree in various sectors; and on the other hand, there is ...
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Europeanization represents something of a paradox: at one level it is impossible to argue that the state has not been ‘Europeanized’ to some degree in various sectors; and on the other hand, there is precious little evidence of ‘Europeanization’. The difference between these two views can be explained by the different meanings of ‘Europeanization’ on which they are based: the first argument is based on the definition of Europeanization as impact of whatever sort on the way in which policies are developed in member states of the European Union (EU); the second argument is far more exacting since it is based on a definition of Europeanization as having a homogenizing impact on specific institutions and practices across a wide range of state activities; to a very large degree then the argument about whether and to what extent ‘Europeanization’ is taking place, depends upon the definition used. This investigation addresses a central theme in much of Vincent Wright’s later comparative work, as well as his work on French politics – the persistence of national differences in the light of wider global as well as European influences on the institutions of individual states. The chapter looks at the expectation of homogenization, and whether or not European administrative systems have converged. The various mechanisms considered through which this convergence could occur are: coercion, imitation, adjustment and polydiffusion.Less
Europeanization represents something of a paradox: at one level it is impossible to argue that the state has not been ‘Europeanized’ to some degree in various sectors; and on the other hand, there is precious little evidence of ‘Europeanization’. The difference between these two views can be explained by the different meanings of ‘Europeanization’ on which they are based: the first argument is based on the definition of Europeanization as impact of whatever sort on the way in which policies are developed in member states of the European Union (EU); the second argument is far more exacting since it is based on a definition of Europeanization as having a homogenizing impact on specific institutions and practices across a wide range of state activities; to a very large degree then the argument about whether and to what extent ‘Europeanization’ is taking place, depends upon the definition used. This investigation addresses a central theme in much of Vincent Wright’s later comparative work, as well as his work on French politics – the persistence of national differences in the light of wider global as well as European influences on the institutions of individual states. The chapter looks at the expectation of homogenization, and whether or not European administrative systems have converged. The various mechanisms considered through which this convergence could occur are: coercion, imitation, adjustment and polydiffusion.
Juan Carlos Moreno-Brid and Jaime Ros
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195371161
- eISBN:
- 9780199870608
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371161.001.1
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This book's basic premise is that a historical perspective may be helpful in illuminating current obstacles to economic development in Mexico. It thus looks at Mexico's present development policies ...
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This book's basic premise is that a historical perspective may be helpful in illuminating current obstacles to economic development in Mexico. It thus looks at Mexico's present development policies and problems from a historical perspective by reviewing long-term trends in the Mexican economy and examining in particular some past episodes of radical shifts in development strategy and in the role of markets and the state. The book provides an overview of Mexico's economic development since independence that examines and compares the successive periods of stagnation and growth that alternately have characterized Mexico's economic history. It gives special attention to developments since 1940 and presents a re-evaluation of Mexico's development policies during the state-led industrialization period from 1940 to 1982 and during the more recent market reform process. This re-evaluation is critical of the dominant trend in the economic literature and, indeed, revisionist by arguing in particular that the market reforms undertaken by successive Mexican governments since 1983 have not addressed the fundamental obstacles to economic growth.Less
This book's basic premise is that a historical perspective may be helpful in illuminating current obstacles to economic development in Mexico. It thus looks at Mexico's present development policies and problems from a historical perspective by reviewing long-term trends in the Mexican economy and examining in particular some past episodes of radical shifts in development strategy and in the role of markets and the state. The book provides an overview of Mexico's economic development since independence that examines and compares the successive periods of stagnation and growth that alternately have characterized Mexico's economic history. It gives special attention to developments since 1940 and presents a re-evaluation of Mexico's development policies during the state-led industrialization period from 1940 to 1982 and during the more recent market reform process. This re-evaluation is critical of the dominant trend in the economic literature and, indeed, revisionist by arguing in particular that the market reforms undertaken by successive Mexican governments since 1983 have not addressed the fundamental obstacles to economic growth.
Andrew Hindmoor
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199273140
- eISBN:
- 9780191601897
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199273146.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter examines how New Labour sought to distinguish itself from Old Labour and the Conservatives by developing its policies as innovative. New Labour constructed its position at the political ...
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This chapter examines how New Labour sought to distinguish itself from Old Labour and the Conservatives by developing its policies as innovative. New Labour constructed its position at the political centre by arguing that its policies were radically different from those of Old Labour and the Conservatives. This spatial position that New Labour sought was one contested by others.Less
This chapter examines how New Labour sought to distinguish itself from Old Labour and the Conservatives by developing its policies as innovative. New Labour constructed its position at the political centre by arguing that its policies were radically different from those of Old Labour and the Conservatives. This spatial position that New Labour sought was one contested by others.
Daniel Wincott
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736430
- eISBN:
- 9780199866106
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736430.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Students of public policy have emphasized the impact of ideas on policy change. This chapter explores this issue by focusing on public early childhood education and care provisions in Australia, the ...
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Students of public policy have emphasized the impact of ideas on policy change. This chapter explores this issue by focusing on public early childhood education and care provisions in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It draws attention to the issue of incremental change and the need for a more direct dialogue between policy analysis and institutionalist perspectives on ideas. It shows that ideational analysis can make a strong contribution to the analysis of policy making and concrete forms of policy development.Less
Students of public policy have emphasized the impact of ideas on policy change. This chapter explores this issue by focusing on public early childhood education and care provisions in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It draws attention to the issue of incremental change and the need for a more direct dialogue between policy analysis and institutionalist perspectives on ideas. It shows that ideational analysis can make a strong contribution to the analysis of policy making and concrete forms of policy development.
Rey Koslowski
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292296
- eISBN:
- 9780191599569
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292295.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter analyses migration regimes in the European Union. It reviews the place of European integration and migration regimes within international relations theory, emphasizing the double ...
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This chapter analyses migration regimes in the European Union. It reviews the place of European integration and migration regimes within international relations theory, emphasizing the double challenge presented by European integration and international migration to state sovereignty. It discusses the establishment of the intra-EU migration regime, and the emerging regime governing migration to the EU.Less
This chapter analyses migration regimes in the European Union. It reviews the place of European integration and migration regimes within international relations theory, emphasizing the double challenge presented by European integration and international migration to state sovereignty. It discusses the establishment of the intra-EU migration regime, and the emerging regime governing migration to the EU.
Michael D. McDonald and Ian Budge
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199286720
- eISBN:
- 9780191603327
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199286728.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter considers what happens after parties negotiate a government. How far do they succeed in carrying out their original intentions and thereby effectuating the preferences of the median ...
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This chapter considers what happens after parties negotiate a government. How far do they succeed in carrying out their original intentions and thereby effectuating the preferences of the median voter? The analysis of government declarations gives mixed signals about who is in control of policy. On a general Left-Right orientation, the policy position marked by a country's median voter is the most reliably consistent indicator of what a government intends to do. If this effect is causal, it would have to be due to parliaments and governments looking over their shoulders at what the election communicated about the median voter Left–Right position and anticipating policy benefits at the next election, as opposed to the median voter effectively selecting a median parliamentary position that then takes control of the general tenor of policy. If the parliamentary median were the major influence, it would be the variable that withstood controls for the government and electorate. It does not come close to this however. And, while the government's Left–Right position nearly withstands statistical controls, the magnitude of its effect pales in comparison to that of the electorate's position.Less
This chapter considers what happens after parties negotiate a government. How far do they succeed in carrying out their original intentions and thereby effectuating the preferences of the median voter? The analysis of government declarations gives mixed signals about who is in control of policy. On a general Left-Right orientation, the policy position marked by a country's median voter is the most reliably consistent indicator of what a government intends to do. If this effect is causal, it would have to be due to parliaments and governments looking over their shoulders at what the election communicated about the median voter Left–Right position and anticipating policy benefits at the next election, as opposed to the median voter effectively selecting a median parliamentary position that then takes control of the general tenor of policy. If the parliamentary median were the major influence, it would be the variable that withstood controls for the government and electorate. It does not come close to this however. And, while the government's Left–Right position nearly withstands statistical controls, the magnitude of its effect pales in comparison to that of the electorate's position.
Izumi Ohno and Kenichi Ohno
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199698561
- eISBN:
- 9780191738142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698561.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The essence of East Asian development experience should be sought in the methodology of policy formulation rather than individual policy measures whose applicability differs greatly across countries. ...
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The essence of East Asian development experience should be sought in the methodology of policy formulation rather than individual policy measures whose applicability differs greatly across countries. East Asia approaches development as a joint process of political and economic factors. Policy formulation in East Asia is characterized by real-sector pragmatism, goal orientation, and aspiration for building the country's unique strength rather than removing general negatives. The problem of weak policy capability is overcome through focused hands-on endeavor to achieve concrete objectives, which we call dynamic capacity development, rather than trying to improve governance scores generally vis-à-vis the global standard. These features are sharply distinct from the dominant development thinking of Western donors which emphasize good governance and an early adoption of policies and institutions that copy international best practices. Examples of dynamic capacity development are presented, and four entry points for bringing this methodology to Africa are suggested.Less
The essence of East Asian development experience should be sought in the methodology of policy formulation rather than individual policy measures whose applicability differs greatly across countries. East Asia approaches development as a joint process of political and economic factors. Policy formulation in East Asia is characterized by real-sector pragmatism, goal orientation, and aspiration for building the country's unique strength rather than removing general negatives. The problem of weak policy capability is overcome through focused hands-on endeavor to achieve concrete objectives, which we call dynamic capacity development, rather than trying to improve governance scores generally vis-à-vis the global standard. These features are sharply distinct from the dominant development thinking of Western donors which emphasize good governance and an early adoption of policies and institutions that copy international best practices. Examples of dynamic capacity development are presented, and four entry points for bringing this methodology to Africa are suggested.
Ann Whitehead
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198286356
- eISBN:
- 9780191718465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198286356.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter argues that many of the common beliefs about African women's role in food production are myths, and that there is nothing intrinsic to women that is attributable to sub-Saharan African ...
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This chapter argues that many of the common beliefs about African women's role in food production are myths, and that there is nothing intrinsic to women that is attributable to sub-Saharan African food crises. The dual role of African women in production (i.e., women's independent farming and her recruitment as household labour) has been affected by economic transformation and development policies. For a woman, it has become increasingly difficult to undertake independent farming and she has presently less control over the proceeds of production and is also less able to protect the interests of her children. Modeling based on purely economic consideration is inadequate, as evidence shows that female farmers face resource problems for their independent farming and incentive problems in their household farming, thus worsening females' relative position. However, there are opportunities for expansion based on a greater use of a woman's role as independent producers.Less
This chapter argues that many of the common beliefs about African women's role in food production are myths, and that there is nothing intrinsic to women that is attributable to sub-Saharan African food crises. The dual role of African women in production (i.e., women's independent farming and her recruitment as household labour) has been affected by economic transformation and development policies. For a woman, it has become increasingly difficult to undertake independent farming and she has presently less control over the proceeds of production and is also less able to protect the interests of her children. Modeling based on purely economic consideration is inadequate, as evidence shows that female farmers face resource problems for their independent farming and incentive problems in their household farming, thus worsening females' relative position. However, there are opportunities for expansion based on a greater use of a woman's role as independent producers.
Deepak Lal and H. Myint
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294320
- eISBN:
- 9780191596582
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294328.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This wide‐ranging book synthesizes the findings of a major international study of the political economy of poverty, equity, and growth. It is based primarily on specially commissioned analytical ...
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This wide‐ranging book synthesizes the findings of a major international study of the political economy of poverty, equity, and growth. It is based primarily on specially commissioned analytical economic histories of 21 developing countries from 1950 to 1985, but also takes account of the much wider literature on the subject. It is an ambitious, interdisciplinary attempt to identify patterns in the interplay of initial conditions, institutions, interests, and ideas that can help to explain the different growth and poverty alleviation outcomes in the Third World. Three types of poverty are distinguished, based on their causes, and a more nebulous notion of equity (in contrast to egalitarianism) is shown to have influenced policy. Since growth is found to be the major means of alleviating mass structural poverty, much of the book is concerned with probing for explanations for policies that are found to be the most important influences on the proximate causes of growth. Available evidence on the role of direct transfers (public and private) in alleviating destitution and conjunctural poverty is also considered. Clear and innovative frameworks are established for comparative study, and evidence is marshalled to argue for the continuing relevance of the classical liberal viewpoint on public policies for development, and to show why, even so, nationalist ideologies are likely to be adopted and lead to cycles of interventionism and liberalism. The evidence is also used to provide an explanation for the surprising current worldwide Age of Reform. The book is suitable for academics and graduate students of development economics and international development policies, and all those involved in fashioning, influencing, and implementing policies for growth and poverty alleviation in the Third World.Less
This wide‐ranging book synthesizes the findings of a major international study of the political economy of poverty, equity, and growth. It is based primarily on specially commissioned analytical economic histories of 21 developing countries from 1950 to 1985, but also takes account of the much wider literature on the subject. It is an ambitious, interdisciplinary attempt to identify patterns in the interplay of initial conditions, institutions, interests, and ideas that can help to explain the different growth and poverty alleviation outcomes in the Third World. Three types of poverty are distinguished, based on their causes, and a more nebulous notion of equity (in contrast to egalitarianism) is shown to have influenced policy. Since growth is found to be the major means of alleviating mass structural poverty, much of the book is concerned with probing for explanations for policies that are found to be the most important influences on the proximate causes of growth. Available evidence on the role of direct transfers (public and private) in alleviating destitution and conjunctural poverty is also considered. Clear and innovative frameworks are established for comparative study, and evidence is marshalled to argue for the continuing relevance of the classical liberal viewpoint on public policies for development, and to show why, even so, nationalist ideologies are likely to be adopted and lead to cycles of interventionism and liberalism. The evidence is also used to provide an explanation for the surprising current worldwide Age of Reform. The book is suitable for academics and graduate students of development economics and international development policies, and all those involved in fashioning, influencing, and implementing policies for growth and poverty alleviation in the Third World.
Narcís Serra and Joseph E. Stiglitz (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199534081
- eISBN:
- 9780191714658
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199534081.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book brings together many leading international figures in development studies, such as Jose Antonio Ocampo, Paul Krugman, Dani Rodrik, Joseph Stiglitz, Daniel Cohen, Olivier Blanchard, Deepak ...
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This book brings together many leading international figures in development studies, such as Jose Antonio Ocampo, Paul Krugman, Dani Rodrik, Joseph Stiglitz, Daniel Cohen, Olivier Blanchard, Deepak Nayyer, and John Williamson to reconsider and propose alternative development policies to the Washington Consensus. Covering a wide range of issues from macro-stabilization to trade and the future of global governance, this book makes a real contribution to this important and ongoing debate. The book begins by introducing the Washington Consensus, discussing how it was originally formulated, what it left out, and how it was later interpreted, and sets the stage for a formulation of a new development framework in the post-Washington Consensus era. It then goes on to analyze and offer differing perspectives and potential solutions to a number of key development issues, some which were addressed by the Washington Consensus and others which were not. The book concludes by looking toward formulating new policy frameworks and offers possible reforms to the current system of global governance.Less
This book brings together many leading international figures in development studies, such as Jose Antonio Ocampo, Paul Krugman, Dani Rodrik, Joseph Stiglitz, Daniel Cohen, Olivier Blanchard, Deepak Nayyer, and John Williamson to reconsider and propose alternative development policies to the Washington Consensus. Covering a wide range of issues from macro-stabilization to trade and the future of global governance, this book makes a real contribution to this important and ongoing debate. The book begins by introducing the Washington Consensus, discussing how it was originally formulated, what it left out, and how it was later interpreted, and sets the stage for a formulation of a new development framework in the post-Washington Consensus era. It then goes on to analyze and offer differing perspectives and potential solutions to a number of key development issues, some which were addressed by the Washington Consensus and others which were not. The book concludes by looking toward formulating new policy frameworks and offers possible reforms to the current system of global governance.
Michael Storper, Thomas Kemeny, Naji Philip Makarem, and Taner Osman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780804789400
- eISBN:
- 9780804796026
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789400.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
Regional economic development is shaped by many policies, which are implemented by national governments, regional and state governments, and local governments. But local economic development policies ...
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Regional economic development is shaped by many policies, which are implemented by national governments, regional and state governments, and local governments. But local economic development policies in Greater Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area since 1970 had little to do with the economic divergence of these two regions. In reality, many so-called economic development policies have little to do with economic development as such, instead emphasizing land use changes and competition for sales tax revenue rather than industry and job development. Many of the problems with local planning and development policies in the United States in general are exemplified by the comparison of the San Francisco Bay Area and Greater Los Angeles.Less
Regional economic development is shaped by many policies, which are implemented by national governments, regional and state governments, and local governments. But local economic development policies in Greater Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area since 1970 had little to do with the economic divergence of these two regions. In reality, many so-called economic development policies have little to do with economic development as such, instead emphasizing land use changes and competition for sales tax revenue rather than industry and job development. Many of the problems with local planning and development policies in the United States in general are exemplified by the comparison of the San Francisco Bay Area and Greater Los Angeles.
Nicola A. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424464
- eISBN:
- 9781447301691
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424464.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This book is about the opportunities and challenges involved in mainstreaming knowledge about children in international-development policy and practice. It focuses on the ideas, networks, and ...
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This book is about the opportunities and challenges involved in mainstreaming knowledge about children in international-development policy and practice. It focuses on the ideas, networks, and institutions that shape the development of evidence about child poverty and well-being, and the use of such evidence in development-policy debates. The book also pays particular attention to the importance of power relations in influencing the extent to which children's voices are heard and acted upon by international-development actors. It weaves together theory, mixed-method approaches, and case studies spanning a number of policy sectors and diverse developing-country contexts in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The book provides an introduction to debates on children, knowledge, and development, whilst at the same time offering new methodological and empirical insights.Less
This book is about the opportunities and challenges involved in mainstreaming knowledge about children in international-development policy and practice. It focuses on the ideas, networks, and institutions that shape the development of evidence about child poverty and well-being, and the use of such evidence in development-policy debates. The book also pays particular attention to the importance of power relations in influencing the extent to which children's voices are heard and acted upon by international-development actors. It weaves together theory, mixed-method approaches, and case studies spanning a number of policy sectors and diverse developing-country contexts in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The book provides an introduction to debates on children, knowledge, and development, whilst at the same time offering new methodological and empirical insights.
Neil Weinstock Netanel
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195342109
- eISBN:
- 9780199866823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342109.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
The World Intellectual Property Organization General Assembly adopted the Development Agenda in September 2007, after three years of acrimonious debate. The Agenda radically transforms WIPO's mandate ...
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The World Intellectual Property Organization General Assembly adopted the Development Agenda in September 2007, after three years of acrimonious debate. The Agenda radically transforms WIPO's mandate and reverberates throughout the international intellectual property regime, including in ongoing battles within the World Trade Organization over the future direction of “TRIPS”, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property. Yet despite its powerful symbolic message, the full extent of the Development Agenda's actual impact on the ground, both within WIPO and without, remains to be seen. This chapter places the WIPO Development Agenda in the context of evolving development policy generally, discusses the Agenda's principal provisions, and summarizes the multifarious contributions to the book.Less
The World Intellectual Property Organization General Assembly adopted the Development Agenda in September 2007, after three years of acrimonious debate. The Agenda radically transforms WIPO's mandate and reverberates throughout the international intellectual property regime, including in ongoing battles within the World Trade Organization over the future direction of “TRIPS”, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property. Yet despite its powerful symbolic message, the full extent of the Development Agenda's actual impact on the ground, both within WIPO and without, remains to be seen. This chapter places the WIPO Development Agenda in the context of evolving development policy generally, discusses the Agenda's principal provisions, and summarizes the multifarious contributions to the book.
Eileen Stillwaggon
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195169270
- eISBN:
- 9780199783427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195169271.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter examines the impact of misguided development policy and inadequate epidemiology and health economics methodology on the choice of interventions for HIV and other health problems in poor ...
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This chapter examines the impact of misguided development policy and inadequate epidemiology and health economics methodology on the choice of interventions for HIV and other health problems in poor countries. It discusses the influence of post-World War II development policy and its preoccupation with population control in promoting HIV/AIDS prevention plans that are narrowly focused on provision of condoms, behavior modification, and treating cofactor STDs. It criticizes the programs of UNAIDS, USAID and its private-sector partners, and other AIDS organizations.Less
This chapter examines the impact of misguided development policy and inadequate epidemiology and health economics methodology on the choice of interventions for HIV and other health problems in poor countries. It discusses the influence of post-World War II development policy and its preoccupation with population control in promoting HIV/AIDS prevention plans that are narrowly focused on provision of condoms, behavior modification, and treating cofactor STDs. It criticizes the programs of UNAIDS, USAID and its private-sector partners, and other AIDS organizations.
Tim Lang, David Barling, and Martin Caraher
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198567882
- eISBN:
- 9780191724121
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567882.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents an overview of food policy. It describes the disciplines that offer insights and stake claims on food policy. It discusses four phases in the development of food policy covering ...
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This chapter presents an overview of food policy. It describes the disciplines that offer insights and stake claims on food policy. It discusses four phases in the development of food policy covering the 1940s and 1950s, the 1970s, the 1980s–2000s, and the 21st century. It identifies six cross-cutting food policy goals emerging that are essential to addressing ecological public health. These are (i) achieving sufficiency of production on ecological terms; (ii) preventing diet-related ill-health (within a sustainable food supply); (iii) harnessing all sciences to address the nature of production; (iv) lowering food's impact on the environment; (v) achieving international development and social justice; and (vi) food democracy.Less
This chapter presents an overview of food policy. It describes the disciplines that offer insights and stake claims on food policy. It discusses four phases in the development of food policy covering the 1940s and 1950s, the 1970s, the 1980s–2000s, and the 21st century. It identifies six cross-cutting food policy goals emerging that are essential to addressing ecological public health. These are (i) achieving sufficiency of production on ecological terms; (ii) preventing diet-related ill-health (within a sustainable food supply); (iii) harnessing all sciences to address the nature of production; (iv) lowering food's impact on the environment; (v) achieving international development and social justice; and (vi) food democracy.
Grzegorz W. Kolodko
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297437
- eISBN:
- 9780191685354
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297437.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Consistent and creditworthy organisational design is crucial in the furtherance and success of transformation in all aspects of a certain country. Transition is viewed as a means to reinvent a system ...
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Consistent and creditworthy organisational design is crucial in the furtherance and success of transformation in all aspects of a certain country. Transition is viewed as a means to reinvent a system and as a device to formulate developmental techniques. Apparently, excessive or slow pacing implementation of reforms will both induce detrimental consequences especially to economic soundness. That is why some of the countries practicing postsocialist propositions consider carrying out gradual levels of liberalisation and privatisation in order to provide adequate time for institutions to adapt to the new mechanisms. With this, organisations along with their staff are enhanced. In contrast, with an improper institutional design and transition-by-chance inclination, there could be massive market failure, termed as ‘informal institutionalisation’ and ‘crony capitalism’.Less
Consistent and creditworthy organisational design is crucial in the furtherance and success of transformation in all aspects of a certain country. Transition is viewed as a means to reinvent a system and as a device to formulate developmental techniques. Apparently, excessive or slow pacing implementation of reforms will both induce detrimental consequences especially to economic soundness. That is why some of the countries practicing postsocialist propositions consider carrying out gradual levels of liberalisation and privatisation in order to provide adequate time for institutions to adapt to the new mechanisms. With this, organisations along with their staff are enhanced. In contrast, with an improper institutional design and transition-by-chance inclination, there could be massive market failure, termed as ‘informal institutionalisation’ and ‘crony capitalism’.
