Inge Kaul (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195157406
- eISBN:
- 9780199832965
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195157400.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
The national economic concept of ‘public goods’ has its transnational analogue, which provides a signpost to the effective management of globalization processes. The pursuit of global public goods, ...
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The national economic concept of ‘public goods’ has its transnational analogue, which provides a signpost to the effective management of globalization processes. The pursuit of global public goods, along with the prevention of global public bads, will assist the attainment of a more equitable, and hence a more stable, world order, and should be seen as a vital complement to economic development aid.Less
The national economic concept of ‘public goods’ has its transnational analogue, which provides a signpost to the effective management of globalization processes. The pursuit of global public goods, along with the prevention of global public bads, will assist the attainment of a more equitable, and hence a more stable, world order, and should be seen as a vital complement to economic development aid.
Clark C. Gibson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199278855
- eISBN:
- 9780191602863
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278857.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter argues that the incentives generated by development aid’s institutions are important in explaining its lackluster outcomes. Understanding the incentives that confront donors and ...
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This chapter argues that the incentives generated by development aid’s institutions are important in explaining its lackluster outcomes. Understanding the incentives that confront donors and recipients requires knowledge of the fundamental collective-action problems that these actors face. Such problems may lead individuals seeking to improve their lot to choose actions that actually undermine their well-being. Even before aid flows into a country, these basic, day-to-day problems need solutions if foreign assistance is to produce successful and sustainable results.Less
This chapter argues that the incentives generated by development aid’s institutions are important in explaining its lackluster outcomes. Understanding the incentives that confront donors and recipients requires knowledge of the fundamental collective-action problems that these actors face. Such problems may lead individuals seeking to improve their lot to choose actions that actually undermine their well-being. Even before aid flows into a country, these basic, day-to-day problems need solutions if foreign assistance is to produce successful and sustainable results.
Stephen Browne
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580934
- eISBN:
- 9780191723346
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580934.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The record of aid to fragile and poorly-performing states is the real test of aid effectiveness. Rich countries can justify aid to fragile states both through altruism and self-interest. But, with ...
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The record of aid to fragile and poorly-performing states is the real test of aid effectiveness. Rich countries can justify aid to fragile states both through altruism and self-interest. But, with some exceptions, donors have appeared at the wrong times and with the wrong attitudes, even sometimes undermining development progress. State failure has dimensions of both will and capacity. Failure demands constructive engagement by donors, in some cases to save people in weak states from their leaders, and in all cases to save the states from circumstances which they cannot control. This chapter examines the aid relationship with respect to three weak countries. Burma presents a case of comprehensive failure of political will and capacity, but isolating the regime, as some donors have chosen to do, will only perpetuate the plight of the population. Rwanda provides an alarming example of donor complicity in state collapse. The country has now rebounded from the terrible genocide of 1994, but some donors still cannot set aside their political and cultural biases. Zambia has lived through many years of bilaterally-assisted economic mismanagement, and also proved to be a highly unsuitable case for Bretton Woods treatment. It is doing better now that the country is more willing and able to take control of its development agenda. The paper concludes with eight principles for donors to observe in engaging more productively with fragile states.Less
The record of aid to fragile and poorly-performing states is the real test of aid effectiveness. Rich countries can justify aid to fragile states both through altruism and self-interest. But, with some exceptions, donors have appeared at the wrong times and with the wrong attitudes, even sometimes undermining development progress. State failure has dimensions of both will and capacity. Failure demands constructive engagement by donors, in some cases to save people in weak states from their leaders, and in all cases to save the states from circumstances which they cannot control. This chapter examines the aid relationship with respect to three weak countries. Burma presents a case of comprehensive failure of political will and capacity, but isolating the regime, as some donors have chosen to do, will only perpetuate the plight of the population. Rwanda provides an alarming example of donor complicity in state collapse. The country has now rebounded from the terrible genocide of 1994, but some donors still cannot set aside their political and cultural biases. Zambia has lived through many years of bilaterally-assisted economic mismanagement, and also proved to be a highly unsuitable case for Bretton Woods treatment. It is doing better now that the country is more willing and able to take control of its development agenda. The paper concludes with eight principles for donors to observe in engaging more productively with fragile states.
Frances Stewart and Emma Samman
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199241866
- eISBN:
- 9780191696961
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241866.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Food aid was initially intended as an instrument of development aid. In recent years, however, it has increasingly been used as part of emergency relief, with many of these emergencies originating ...
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Food aid was initially intended as an instrument of development aid. In recent years, however, it has increasingly been used as part of emergency relief, with many of these emergencies originating from violent conflicts. For convenience, this chapter terms conflict-related food aid, CONFAID; and development-related food aid, DEVFAID. CONFAID needs to be considered from three perspectives: its ‘humanitarian’, ‘economic’, and ‘political economy’ roles. The chapter approaches the issue first by a consideration of the role of CONFAID in three countries ravaged by civil war – Sudan, Mozambique, and Afghanistan – exploring in each case the impact of CONFAID in humanitarian, political economy, and economic dimensions. It then draws some general lessons, drawing on the three examples, and finally discusses some policy implications stemming from the analysis.Less
Food aid was initially intended as an instrument of development aid. In recent years, however, it has increasingly been used as part of emergency relief, with many of these emergencies originating from violent conflicts. For convenience, this chapter terms conflict-related food aid, CONFAID; and development-related food aid, DEVFAID. CONFAID needs to be considered from three perspectives: its ‘humanitarian’, ‘economic’, and ‘political economy’ roles. The chapter approaches the issue first by a consideration of the role of CONFAID in three countries ravaged by civil war – Sudan, Mozambique, and Afghanistan – exploring in each case the impact of CONFAID in humanitarian, political economy, and economic dimensions. It then draws some general lessons, drawing on the three examples, and finally discusses some policy implications stemming from the analysis.
Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264591
- eISBN:
- 9780191734397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264591.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter examines the ways in which the protracted Sahrawi refugee context has been represented by its political body, the Polisario Front, to its non-Sahrawi ‘audience’ in such a way as to ...
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This chapter examines the ways in which the protracted Sahrawi refugee context has been represented by its political body, the Polisario Front, to its non-Sahrawi ‘audience’ in such a way as to assure continued political and humanitarian support. This chapter builds upon the recognition that the delivery of development aid is generally dependent on the capacity of the recipients to fulfil a set of non-economic conditionalities such as the creation of democratic political structures, the protection of human rights, and the promotion of gender equality. Refugees are expected to conform to the values of their sponsors. Conformity to these imposed values assuages them continued arrival of humanitarian supplies. However, such conditionalities do not necessarily lead to the modification of recipients’ socio-political structures as sponsors may expect. Rather, multiple forms of dependence on external aid and the broader political context have directly impacted the manners with which the recipients market themselves to their sponsors. In this chapter, the efforts of the Polisario Front in developing a particular representation of the Sahrawi ‘Self’ based upon the observations of its own observers form the focus of this chapter. It examines the strategies employed by the Front such as placing the Sahrawi refugee woman and solidarity movements as forefront representations of the refugee camps in order to secure external aid.Less
This chapter examines the ways in which the protracted Sahrawi refugee context has been represented by its political body, the Polisario Front, to its non-Sahrawi ‘audience’ in such a way as to assure continued political and humanitarian support. This chapter builds upon the recognition that the delivery of development aid is generally dependent on the capacity of the recipients to fulfil a set of non-economic conditionalities such as the creation of democratic political structures, the protection of human rights, and the promotion of gender equality. Refugees are expected to conform to the values of their sponsors. Conformity to these imposed values assuages them continued arrival of humanitarian supplies. However, such conditionalities do not necessarily lead to the modification of recipients’ socio-political structures as sponsors may expect. Rather, multiple forms of dependence on external aid and the broader political context have directly impacted the manners with which the recipients market themselves to their sponsors. In this chapter, the efforts of the Polisario Front in developing a particular representation of the Sahrawi ‘Self’ based upon the observations of its own observers form the focus of this chapter. It examines the strategies employed by the Front such as placing the Sahrawi refugee woman and solidarity movements as forefront representations of the refugee camps in order to secure external aid.
Danielle Resnick and Nicolas van de Walle (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199686285
- eISBN:
- 9780191766206
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199686285.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Aid effectiveness remains a primary concern for the donor community. Yet, much of the discussion on effectiveness focuses exclusively on development outcomes and accords little attention to aid’s ...
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Aid effectiveness remains a primary concern for the donor community. Yet, much of the discussion on effectiveness focuses exclusively on development outcomes and accords little attention to aid’s impacts on countries’ political environments, especially in highly aid-dependent regions. This book directly addresses this issue by examining how foreign aid influences democratic trajectories in Africa. Although democracy remains important for both normative and instrumental reasons, much of the research examining its relationship with foreign aid remains under-theorized and ignores regional specificities. This book instead adopts a much more nuanced approach that is conceptually grounded and leverages the benefits of mixed methodologies. To examine aid’s impact on transitions and different elements of consolidation, we disaggregate foreign assistance into development aid and democracy aid. This is extremely important due to the different goals, ontological foundations, and modalities that underlie these disparate types of aid. Methodologically, the research for this book is both qualitative and quantitative which compares aid’s impact not only across countries but also within countries over time. An econometric analysis focuses on the different influences of aid on democratic regimes in Africa. This is complemented with case study analyses of seven African countries that all transitioned to democracy in the 1990s but continue to face a host of challenges Limiting our sample to such countries recognizes that theoretically, aid will demonstrate different impacts on electoral democracies than it will on more autocratic regimes within the region.Less
Aid effectiveness remains a primary concern for the donor community. Yet, much of the discussion on effectiveness focuses exclusively on development outcomes and accords little attention to aid’s impacts on countries’ political environments, especially in highly aid-dependent regions. This book directly addresses this issue by examining how foreign aid influences democratic trajectories in Africa. Although democracy remains important for both normative and instrumental reasons, much of the research examining its relationship with foreign aid remains under-theorized and ignores regional specificities. This book instead adopts a much more nuanced approach that is conceptually grounded and leverages the benefits of mixed methodologies. To examine aid’s impact on transitions and different elements of consolidation, we disaggregate foreign assistance into development aid and democracy aid. This is extremely important due to the different goals, ontological foundations, and modalities that underlie these disparate types of aid. Methodologically, the research for this book is both qualitative and quantitative which compares aid’s impact not only across countries but also within countries over time. An econometric analysis focuses on the different influences of aid on democratic regimes in Africa. This is complemented with case study analyses of seven African countries that all transitioned to democracy in the 1990s but continue to face a host of challenges Limiting our sample to such countries recognizes that theoretically, aid will demonstrate different impacts on electoral democracies than it will on more autocratic regimes within the region.
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226470436
- eISBN:
- 9780226470627
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226470627.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter begins by addressing the question of why states provide aid to people in other countries. It then sets out the purpose of the book, which is to offer an analysis of aid's evolving ...
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This chapter begins by addressing the question of why states provide aid to people in other countries. It then sets out the purpose of the book, which is to offer an analysis of aid's evolving purposes and provide five case studies of aid-giving in major donor countries: the United States, Japan, France, Germany, and Denmark. Each of these case studies addresses two basic questions. First, what was the profile of aid's purposes in each country and how did it evolve over time? Second, why did governments choose the particular mix of purposes they did? This is followed by discussions of the argument and findings of the book; the theoretical model used for the analysis; and four categories of domestic political forces shaping foreign aid.Less
This chapter begins by addressing the question of why states provide aid to people in other countries. It then sets out the purpose of the book, which is to offer an analysis of aid's evolving purposes and provide five case studies of aid-giving in major donor countries: the United States, Japan, France, Germany, and Denmark. Each of these case studies addresses two basic questions. First, what was the profile of aid's purposes in each country and how did it evolve over time? Second, why did governments choose the particular mix of purposes they did? This is followed by discussions of the argument and findings of the book; the theoretical model used for the analysis; and four categories of domestic political forces shaping foreign aid.
Gordon Brown
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199257010
- eISBN:
- 9780191596223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199257019.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
In this chapter, the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, makes a strong plea for a greater sense of economic and moral responsibility on the part of the wealthier nations towards their ...
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In this chapter, the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, makes a strong plea for a greater sense of economic and moral responsibility on the part of the wealthier nations towards their poorer counterparts. It is also his conviction that for global prosperity to be sustained, it has to be fairly shared, and, as a success story, cites the institutional innovations of the early post‐war era to create an international architecture to advance this goal. However, the contemporary global economic and political scenario is very different, and Brown advocates a reconfiguration of the role of supra‐national institutions, both to meet the specific needs of global capitalism, and to drastically reduce poverty. More particularly, he proposes a new global consensus that will: (1) better enable the poorer countries to participate fully in the global economy and benefit from it; (2) encourage the international business community to adopt high corporate standards for their participation as reliable and consistent partners in the development process; (3) enable the adoption of improved trade regimes designed to improve the participation of developing countries in decision making; and (4) allow a substantial increase in development aid to nations most in need and willing to focus on the fight against poverty. The chapter concludes by stressing the responsibilities of each of the various institutions of global capitalism and, most notably, those of the business community, civil society, governments of both the richer and poorer countries, and individuals throughout the world.Less
In this chapter, the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, makes a strong plea for a greater sense of economic and moral responsibility on the part of the wealthier nations towards their poorer counterparts. It is also his conviction that for global prosperity to be sustained, it has to be fairly shared, and, as a success story, cites the institutional innovations of the early post‐war era to create an international architecture to advance this goal. However, the contemporary global economic and political scenario is very different, and Brown advocates a reconfiguration of the role of supra‐national institutions, both to meet the specific needs of global capitalism, and to drastically reduce poverty. More particularly, he proposes a new global consensus that will: (1) better enable the poorer countries to participate fully in the global economy and benefit from it; (2) encourage the international business community to adopt high corporate standards for their participation as reliable and consistent partners in the development process; (3) enable the adoption of improved trade regimes designed to improve the participation of developing countries in decision making; and (4) allow a substantial increase in development aid to nations most in need and willing to focus on the fight against poverty. The chapter concludes by stressing the responsibilities of each of the various institutions of global capitalism and, most notably, those of the business community, civil society, governments of both the richer and poorer countries, and individuals throughout the world.
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226470436
- eISBN:
- 9780226470627
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226470627.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter discusses the history and evolution of Japanese foreign aid, which has long been viewed as driven by commercial motives: expanding exports and ensuring access to needed raw materials ...
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This chapter discusses the history and evolution of Japanese foreign aid, which has long been viewed as driven by commercial motives: expanding exports and ensuring access to needed raw materials imports. Commerce certainly played a major role in the country allocation and use of Japan's economic assistance, but this purpose was always embedded in the government's fundamental goals of prosperity, autonomy, and international respect. By the late 1970s, once Japan made significant progress on its economic goals, the orientation of its aid began to shift. Diplomatic concerns (especially managing relations with the United States) became more prominent, playing a direct role in both the amount and country allocation of Japanese aid. By 1989, after doubling its aid several times over during the 1980s, Japan became the “aid superpower”—the largest single donor in the world—and remained so during much of the 1990s. But it proved unable to hold to its position as the largest aid donor in the face of domestic economic crises and several major scandals involving its assistance. Japanese aid was cut sharply at the end of the 1990s, and the government was never able fully to align its development aid policies with those of other governments. Japanese bilateral aid remained heavily focused on funding infrastructure, especially in East Asia, leaving Japan more of a niche player in development aid than a world leader.Less
This chapter discusses the history and evolution of Japanese foreign aid, which has long been viewed as driven by commercial motives: expanding exports and ensuring access to needed raw materials imports. Commerce certainly played a major role in the country allocation and use of Japan's economic assistance, but this purpose was always embedded in the government's fundamental goals of prosperity, autonomy, and international respect. By the late 1970s, once Japan made significant progress on its economic goals, the orientation of its aid began to shift. Diplomatic concerns (especially managing relations with the United States) became more prominent, playing a direct role in both the amount and country allocation of Japanese aid. By 1989, after doubling its aid several times over during the 1980s, Japan became the “aid superpower”—the largest single donor in the world—and remained so during much of the 1990s. But it proved unable to hold to its position as the largest aid donor in the face of domestic economic crises and several major scandals involving its assistance. Japanese aid was cut sharply at the end of the 1990s, and the government was never able fully to align its development aid policies with those of other governments. Japanese bilateral aid remained heavily focused on funding infrastructure, especially in East Asia, leaving Japan more of a niche player in development aid than a world leader.
Adrian Adams and Jaabe So
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201915
- eISBN:
- 9780191675072
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201915.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
In the early part of the 18th century, Jaabe So's ancestors founded a farm on the left bank of the Senegal river. Twenty years ago, So set up an independent farmers' association based among a group ...
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In the early part of the 18th century, Jaabe So's ancestors founded a farm on the left bank of the Senegal river. Twenty years ago, So set up an independent farmers' association based among a group of towns along that river. Since then, he and Adrian Adams have spent much of their lives struggling to defend the existence of that association against a state development corporation funded by development aid. This is a narrative of that struggle, placed in the context of three centuries of Senegalese history.Less
In the early part of the 18th century, Jaabe So's ancestors founded a farm on the left bank of the Senegal river. Twenty years ago, So set up an independent farmers' association based among a group of towns along that river. Since then, he and Adrian Adams have spent much of their lives struggling to defend the existence of that association against a state development corporation funded by development aid. This is a narrative of that struggle, placed in the context of three centuries of Senegalese history.
Ariane Chebel d’Appollonia
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450686
- eISBN:
- 9780801463914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450686.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
This chapter examines the West’s inadequate attention to a key push factor, overseas development aid, despite its securitization with the goal of supporting “allies” in the war on terror. Western ...
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This chapter examines the West’s inadequate attention to a key push factor, overseas development aid, despite its securitization with the goal of supporting “allies” in the war on terror. Western countries have increased their development aid in trying to respond to growing inequities between the North and South. Both the U.S. and European governments have been very active in their efforts to promote development—and therefore to address the issues related to poverty such as illegal immigration and global instability. This chapter considers how Europe and the United States have increasingly associated foreign aid with the fight against terrorism. However, it argues that neither the United States nor the European Union has effectively addressed the North–South gap with their limited and targeted approach based on security concerns. Such an emphasis on security concerns increases insecurity instead of alleviating poverty.Less
This chapter examines the West’s inadequate attention to a key push factor, overseas development aid, despite its securitization with the goal of supporting “allies” in the war on terror. Western countries have increased their development aid in trying to respond to growing inequities between the North and South. Both the U.S. and European governments have been very active in their efforts to promote development—and therefore to address the issues related to poverty such as illegal immigration and global instability. This chapter considers how Europe and the United States have increasingly associated foreign aid with the fight against terrorism. However, it argues that neither the United States nor the European Union has effectively addressed the North–South gap with their limited and targeted approach based on security concerns. Such an emphasis on security concerns increases insecurity instead of alleviating poverty.
Heike Wieters
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526117212
- eISBN:
- 9781526128669
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526117212.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Chapter 6 focuses on CARE’s ongoing professionalization and its ties to government agencies, international diplomats, corporate players and marketing firms. It sheds light on CARE’s first attempts at ...
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Chapter 6 focuses on CARE’s ongoing professionalization and its ties to government agencies, international diplomats, corporate players and marketing firms. It sheds light on CARE’s first attempts at a further internationalization of the enterprise and its investment in external development and nutrition expertise. CARE merged with the NGO Medico Inc. fostered community organising activities and pushed for a more development-oriented approach in its hunger relief programming.Less
Chapter 6 focuses on CARE’s ongoing professionalization and its ties to government agencies, international diplomats, corporate players and marketing firms. It sheds light on CARE’s first attempts at a further internationalization of the enterprise and its investment in external development and nutrition expertise. CARE merged with the NGO Medico Inc. fostered community organising activities and pushed for a more development-oriented approach in its hunger relief programming.
Paulo Barcelos and Gabriele De Angelis (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474414470
- eISBN:
- 9781474427005
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474414470.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Are global standards of aid, assistance and redistribution achievable in practice? The eight chapters within this book assess fields including humanitarian and development aid, the slave trade, ...
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Are global standards of aid, assistance and redistribution achievable in practice? The eight chapters within this book assess fields including humanitarian and development aid, the slave trade, health care assistance, reparations for historical injustices, the UN Central Emergency Response Fund and the global responsibility of the EU. The book consists of three parts: Human Rights and the World Economy, The Applicability of Global Principles, and Justice and International Institutions. Chapters cover justice in a complex world, the universality of economic and social rights, approaches to global health care justice, restitution and distributive justice, humanitarian aid, and global justice and the European Union.Less
Are global standards of aid, assistance and redistribution achievable in practice? The eight chapters within this book assess fields including humanitarian and development aid, the slave trade, health care assistance, reparations for historical injustices, the UN Central Emergency Response Fund and the global responsibility of the EU. The book consists of three parts: Human Rights and the World Economy, The Applicability of Global Principles, and Justice and International Institutions. Chapters cover justice in a complex world, the universality of economic and social rights, approaches to global health care justice, restitution and distributive justice, humanitarian aid, and global justice and the European Union.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804781329
- eISBN:
- 9780804781848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804781329.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter provides the survey results of Pakistan's forty largest civil society organizations, half of which use development aid and half of which don't. The survey focused on the motivation of ...
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This chapter provides the survey results of Pakistan's forty largest civil society organizations, half of which use development aid and half of which don't. The survey focused on the motivation of the group leaders, the groups' membership, and the organizational performance of these forty groups. This survey was conducted as a way to test the hypothesis that was expressed in the previous chapter: that the main reason why aid breaks down cooperation within civil society groups is because it changes group performance and the behavior of group leaders. This chapter argues that aid actually has a negative impact on collective action, which then results in a negative impact on the ability of an organization to achieve its development goals.Less
This chapter provides the survey results of Pakistan's forty largest civil society organizations, half of which use development aid and half of which don't. The survey focused on the motivation of the group leaders, the groups' membership, and the organizational performance of these forty groups. This survey was conducted as a way to test the hypothesis that was expressed in the previous chapter: that the main reason why aid breaks down cooperation within civil society groups is because it changes group performance and the behavior of group leaders. This chapter argues that aid actually has a negative impact on collective action, which then results in a negative impact on the ability of an organization to achieve its development goals.
Masooda Bano
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804781329
- eISBN:
- 9780804781848
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804781329.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Thirty percent of foreign development aid is channeled through NGOs or community-based organizations to improve service delivery to the poor, build social capital, and establish democracy in ...
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Thirty percent of foreign development aid is channeled through NGOs or community-based organizations to improve service delivery to the poor, build social capital, and establish democracy in developing nations. However, growing evidence suggests that aid often erodes, rather than promotes, cooperation within developing nations. This book presents a rare, micro level account of the complex decision-making processes that bring individuals together to form collective-action platforms. It then examines why aid often breaks down the very institutions for collective action that it aims to promote. The book identifies concrete measures to check the erosion of cooperation in foreign aid scenarios. Pakistan is one of the largest recipients of international development aid, and therefore the empirical details presented are particularly relevant for policy. The book's argument is equally applicable to a number of other developing countries, and has important implications for recent discussions within the field of economics.Less
Thirty percent of foreign development aid is channeled through NGOs or community-based organizations to improve service delivery to the poor, build social capital, and establish democracy in developing nations. However, growing evidence suggests that aid often erodes, rather than promotes, cooperation within developing nations. This book presents a rare, micro level account of the complex decision-making processes that bring individuals together to form collective-action platforms. It then examines why aid often breaks down the very institutions for collective action that it aims to promote. The book identifies concrete measures to check the erosion of cooperation in foreign aid scenarios. Pakistan is one of the largest recipients of international development aid, and therefore the empirical details presented are particularly relevant for policy. The book's argument is equally applicable to a number of other developing countries, and has important implications for recent discussions within the field of economics.
Matthew Hilton, James McKay, Nicholas Crowson, and Jean-François Mouhot
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199691876
- eISBN:
- 9780191745126
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691876.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
The Politics of Expertise offers a challenging new interpretation of politics in contemporary Britain, through an examination of non-governmental organisations. Using specific case ...
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The Politics of Expertise offers a challenging new interpretation of politics in contemporary Britain, through an examination of non-governmental organisations. Using specific case studies of the homelessness, environment, and international aid and development sectors, it demonstrates how politics and political activism has changed over the last half century. NGOs have contributed enormously to a professionalisation and a privatization of politics, emerging as a new form of expert knowledge and political participation. They have been led by a new breed of non-party politician, working in collaboration and in competition with government. Skilful navigators of the modern technocratic state, they have brought expertise to expertise and, in so doing, have changed the nature of grassroots activism. As affluent citizens have felt marginalised by the increasingly complex nature of many policy solutions, they have made the rational calculation to support NGOs, the professionalism and resources of which make them better able to tackle complex problems. Yet in doing so, support rather than participation becomes the more appropriate way to describe the relationship of the public to NGOs. As voter turnout has declined, membership and trust in NGOs has increased. But NGOs are very different types of organisations from the classic democratic institutions of political parties and the labour movement. They maintain different and varied relationships with the publics they seek to represent. Attracting mass support has provided them with the resources and the legitimacy to speak to power on a bewildering range of issues, yet perhaps the ultimate victors in this new form of politics are the NGOs themselves.Less
The Politics of Expertise offers a challenging new interpretation of politics in contemporary Britain, through an examination of non-governmental organisations. Using specific case studies of the homelessness, environment, and international aid and development sectors, it demonstrates how politics and political activism has changed over the last half century. NGOs have contributed enormously to a professionalisation and a privatization of politics, emerging as a new form of expert knowledge and political participation. They have been led by a new breed of non-party politician, working in collaboration and in competition with government. Skilful navigators of the modern technocratic state, they have brought expertise to expertise and, in so doing, have changed the nature of grassroots activism. As affluent citizens have felt marginalised by the increasingly complex nature of many policy solutions, they have made the rational calculation to support NGOs, the professionalism and resources of which make them better able to tackle complex problems. Yet in doing so, support rather than participation becomes the more appropriate way to describe the relationship of the public to NGOs. As voter turnout has declined, membership and trust in NGOs has increased. But NGOs are very different types of organisations from the classic democratic institutions of political parties and the labour movement. They maintain different and varied relationships with the publics they seek to represent. Attracting mass support has provided them with the resources and the legitimacy to speak to power on a bewildering range of issues, yet perhaps the ultimate victors in this new form of politics are the NGOs themselves.
Nancy H. Kwak
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226282350
- eISBN:
- 9780226282497
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226282497.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explains the nature of American interest in international housing conditions after World War II, as well as the mechanisms by which Americans funnelled aid abroad. American aid flowed ...
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This chapter explains the nature of American interest in international housing conditions after World War II, as well as the mechanisms by which Americans funnelled aid abroad. American aid flowed primarily through the international division of federal housing agencies, or the various agencies tasked with bilateral aid outside the Department of Defense. Americans also contributed to a wide array of international, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental bodies, exerting varying degrees of influence within each. This chapter details the various modes of American leadership and participation and then offers a short summary of the overarching organization of the book.Less
This chapter explains the nature of American interest in international housing conditions after World War II, as well as the mechanisms by which Americans funnelled aid abroad. American aid flowed primarily through the international division of federal housing agencies, or the various agencies tasked with bilateral aid outside the Department of Defense. Americans also contributed to a wide array of international, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental bodies, exerting varying degrees of influence within each. This chapter details the various modes of American leadership and participation and then offers a short summary of the overarching organization of the book.
Ilan Sherr, Katrien Miclotte, and Rebecca Fawcett-Feuillette
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198795650
- eISBN:
- 9780191836961
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795650.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the economic development strategy of the European Union. However, while SMEs are important for job creation and economic development, ...
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the economic development strategy of the European Union. However, while SMEs are important for job creation and economic development, the Commission has highlighted that they often encounter problems accessing finance and necessary information. In order to address certain market failures which impact SMEs most significantly, SMEs now have a favoured status under the state aid rules. The most important and recent changes are a consequence of the Commission’s state aid modernization (SAM) reform package. As part of the SAM package, the Commission has adopted ten guidelines and five regulations to render existing state aid control instruments and procedures more efficient. This chapter gives a brief but practical overview of those new guidelines and regulations and highlights the core principles that need to be taken into account when assessing aid possibilities for SMEs.Less
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the economic development strategy of the European Union. However, while SMEs are important for job creation and economic development, the Commission has highlighted that they often encounter problems accessing finance and necessary information. In order to address certain market failures which impact SMEs most significantly, SMEs now have a favoured status under the state aid rules. The most important and recent changes are a consequence of the Commission’s state aid modernization (SAM) reform package. As part of the SAM package, the Commission has adopted ten guidelines and five regulations to render existing state aid control instruments and procedures more efficient. This chapter gives a brief but practical overview of those new guidelines and regulations and highlights the core principles that need to be taken into account when assessing aid possibilities for SMEs.
Buchanan Sandra
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719088230
- eISBN:
- 9781781706879
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088230.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter provides some conceptual tools for thinking about/framing conflict transformation through social and economic development. It presents a theoretical exploration of conflict ...
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This chapter provides some conceptual tools for thinking about/framing conflict transformation through social and economic development. It presents a theoretical exploration of conflict transformation by firstly examining its place within the conflict management discourse and the conflict cycle. A number of existing definitions are then explored, highlighting its distinctiveness. Particular attention is given to the key theoretical contributions of Johan Galtung and John Paul Lederach. Lederach's work is particularly useful when considering why it is so difficult to sustain peace in the long-term and ultimately transform conflict situations. He argues that there are several key gaps responsible for this inability to build and sustain peace initiatives, the most important being interdependence, justice and process-structures. Lastly the wider related areas of citizen empowerment, development aid and economic development are explored. This exploration, in providing an understanding of the key characteristics of conflict transformation, assists in shaping the formation of a theoretical framework consisting of a working definition and five hypotheses against which the impacts of the three programmes will later be assessed and implications highlighted. These five hypotheses are issues that need to be addressed by societies emerging from conflict if effective conflict transformation is to take place.Less
This chapter provides some conceptual tools for thinking about/framing conflict transformation through social and economic development. It presents a theoretical exploration of conflict transformation by firstly examining its place within the conflict management discourse and the conflict cycle. A number of existing definitions are then explored, highlighting its distinctiveness. Particular attention is given to the key theoretical contributions of Johan Galtung and John Paul Lederach. Lederach's work is particularly useful when considering why it is so difficult to sustain peace in the long-term and ultimately transform conflict situations. He argues that there are several key gaps responsible for this inability to build and sustain peace initiatives, the most important being interdependence, justice and process-structures. Lastly the wider related areas of citizen empowerment, development aid and economic development are explored. This exploration, in providing an understanding of the key characteristics of conflict transformation, assists in shaping the formation of a theoretical framework consisting of a working definition and five hypotheses against which the impacts of the three programmes will later be assessed and implications highlighted. These five hypotheses are issues that need to be addressed by societies emerging from conflict if effective conflict transformation is to take place.
Emile G. McAnany
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036774
- eISBN:
- 9780252093876
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036774.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
Drawing on the pioneering works of Daniel Lerner, Everett Rogers, and Wilbur Schramm as well as the author's own personal experiences in the field, this book builds a new, historically cognizant ...
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Drawing on the pioneering works of Daniel Lerner, Everett Rogers, and Wilbur Schramm as well as the author's own personal experiences in the field, this book builds a new, historically cognizant paradigm of communication for development and social change for the future that supplements technology with social entrepreneurship. Summarizing the history of the field of communication for development from Harry S. Truman's Marshall Plan for the Third World to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals, the book argues that the communication field can renew its role in development by recognizing that large donors of development aid have a difficult time promoting genuine transformation. The book ultimately suggests an agenda for improving and strengthening the work of academics, policy makers, development funders, and others who use communication in all of its forms to foster social change.Less
Drawing on the pioneering works of Daniel Lerner, Everett Rogers, and Wilbur Schramm as well as the author's own personal experiences in the field, this book builds a new, historically cognizant paradigm of communication for development and social change for the future that supplements technology with social entrepreneurship. Summarizing the history of the field of communication for development from Harry S. Truman's Marshall Plan for the Third World to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals, the book argues that the communication field can renew its role in development by recognizing that large donors of development aid have a difficult time promoting genuine transformation. The book ultimately suggests an agenda for improving and strengthening the work of academics, policy makers, development funders, and others who use communication in all of its forms to foster social change.
