Gila Menahem and Amos Zehavi (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447308041
- eISBN:
- 9781447311508
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447308041.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Israel is considered a developed country yet both security issues and its frequently changing demographic makeup set Israel apart and imply that Israeli policy analysts must operate in a unique ...
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Israel is considered a developed country yet both security issues and its frequently changing demographic makeup set Israel apart and imply that Israeli policy analysts must operate in a unique environment and grapple with exceptional challenges. This volume, part of the successful International Library of Policy Analysis series, brings together for the first time a comprehensive study of policy analysis in Israel. Following an introductory chapter that discusses the paradoxical history of policy analysis in Israel by Yehezkel Dror, leading figures from both the Israeli public and academic spheres discuss different aspects of policy analysis in Israel. While Israeli policy analysis is in some respects unique, Israel also represents a broad category of states that could be considered as policy analysis “late developers”. Hence, while Israeli policy analysis is fascinating in and of itself, its study also holds important lessons for other countries.Less
Israel is considered a developed country yet both security issues and its frequently changing demographic makeup set Israel apart and imply that Israeli policy analysts must operate in a unique environment and grapple with exceptional challenges. This volume, part of the successful International Library of Policy Analysis series, brings together for the first time a comprehensive study of policy analysis in Israel. Following an introductory chapter that discusses the paradoxical history of policy analysis in Israel by Yehezkel Dror, leading figures from both the Israeli public and academic spheres discuss different aspects of policy analysis in Israel. While Israeli policy analysis is in some respects unique, Israel also represents a broad category of states that could be considered as policy analysis “late developers”. Hence, while Israeli policy analysis is fascinating in and of itself, its study also holds important lessons for other countries.
Nathan L. Ensmenger
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262050937
- eISBN:
- 9780262289351
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262050937.001.0001
- Subject:
- Information Science, Information Science
This is a book about the computer revolution of the mid-twentieth century and the people who made it possible. Unlike most histories of computing, it is not a book about machines, inventors, or ...
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This is a book about the computer revolution of the mid-twentieth century and the people who made it possible. Unlike most histories of computing, it is not a book about machines, inventors, or entrepreneurs. Instead, the book tells the story of the vast but largely anonymous legions of computer specialists—programmers, systems analysts, and other software developers—who transformed the electronic computer from a scientific curiosity into the defining technology of the modern era. As the systems that they built became increasingly powerful and ubiquitous, these specialists became the focus of a series of critiques of the social and organizational impact of electronic computing. To many of their contemporaries, it seemed the “computer boys” were taking over, not just in the corporate setting, but also in government, politics, and society in general. This book traces the rise to power of the computer expert in modern American society. Its portrayal of the men and women (a surprising number of the “computer boys” were, in fact, female) who built their careers around the novel technology of electronic computing explores issues of power, identity and expertise that have only become more significant in our increasingly computerized society. In a recasting of the drama of the computer revolution through the eyes of its principle revolutionaries, the book reminds us that the computerization of modern society was not an inevitable process driven by impersonal technological or economic imperatives, but was rather a creative, contentious, and above all, fundamentally human development.Less
This is a book about the computer revolution of the mid-twentieth century and the people who made it possible. Unlike most histories of computing, it is not a book about machines, inventors, or entrepreneurs. Instead, the book tells the story of the vast but largely anonymous legions of computer specialists—programmers, systems analysts, and other software developers—who transformed the electronic computer from a scientific curiosity into the defining technology of the modern era. As the systems that they built became increasingly powerful and ubiquitous, these specialists became the focus of a series of critiques of the social and organizational impact of electronic computing. To many of their contemporaries, it seemed the “computer boys” were taking over, not just in the corporate setting, but also in government, politics, and society in general. This book traces the rise to power of the computer expert in modern American society. Its portrayal of the men and women (a surprising number of the “computer boys” were, in fact, female) who built their careers around the novel technology of electronic computing explores issues of power, identity and expertise that have only become more significant in our increasingly computerized society. In a recasting of the drama of the computer revolution through the eyes of its principle revolutionaries, the book reminds us that the computerization of modern society was not an inevitable process driven by impersonal technological or economic imperatives, but was rather a creative, contentious, and above all, fundamentally human development.
Huatong Sun
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199744763
- eISBN:
- 9780199932993
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744763.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Models and Architectures
This chapter explains why it is necessary and important to have a holistic vision of user experience for integrating action and meaning in cross-cultural design. Following Chapter 1, Chapter 2 ...
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This chapter explains why it is necessary and important to have a holistic vision of user experience for integrating action and meaning in cross-cultural design. Following Chapter 1, Chapter 2 continues to review the unintegrated situation of cross-cultural technology design from the angle of usability and user experience. It maintains that the narrow conceptualization of usability that only focuses on action in technology design practices, is complicated by the narrow representations of culture that just reflect static meaning, resulting in a disconnect between action and meaning in cross-cultural design. This chapter first examines the usability concept and traces the conceptual movement from usability to user experience for a broader vision. Then it surveys cross-cultural usability research and practices and probes into the disconnect between action and meaning in technology design.Less
This chapter explains why it is necessary and important to have a holistic vision of user experience for integrating action and meaning in cross-cultural design. Following Chapter 1, Chapter 2 continues to review the unintegrated situation of cross-cultural technology design from the angle of usability and user experience. It maintains that the narrow conceptualization of usability that only focuses on action in technology design practices, is complicated by the narrow representations of culture that just reflect static meaning, resulting in a disconnect between action and meaning in cross-cultural design. This chapter first examines the usability concept and traces the conceptual movement from usability to user experience for a broader vision. Then it surveys cross-cultural usability research and practices and probes into the disconnect between action and meaning in technology design.
Josh Lerner and Mark Schankerman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014632
- eISBN:
- 9780262289573
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014632.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Discussions of the economic impact of open source software often generate more heat than light. Advocates passionately assert the benefits of open source while critics decry its effects. Missing from ...
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Discussions of the economic impact of open source software often generate more heat than light. Advocates passionately assert the benefits of open source while critics decry its effects. Missing from the debate is rigorous economic analysis and systematic economic evidence of the impact of open source on consumers, firms, and economic development in general. This book fills that gap, drawing on a new, large-scale database to show that open source and proprietary software interact in sometimes unexpected ways, and discussing the policy implications of these findings. The new data (from a range of countries in varying stages of development) documents the mixing of open source and proprietary software: firms sell proprietary software while contributing to open source, and users extensively mix and match the two. The book examines the ways in which software differs from other technologies in promoting economic development, what motivates individuals and firms to contribute to open source projects, how developers and users view the trade-offs between the two kinds of software, and how government policies can ensure that open source competes effectively with proprietary software and contributes to economic development.Less
Discussions of the economic impact of open source software often generate more heat than light. Advocates passionately assert the benefits of open source while critics decry its effects. Missing from the debate is rigorous economic analysis and systematic economic evidence of the impact of open source on consumers, firms, and economic development in general. This book fills that gap, drawing on a new, large-scale database to show that open source and proprietary software interact in sometimes unexpected ways, and discussing the policy implications of these findings. The new data (from a range of countries in varying stages of development) documents the mixing of open source and proprietary software: firms sell proprietary software while contributing to open source, and users extensively mix and match the two. The book examines the ways in which software differs from other technologies in promoting economic development, what motivates individuals and firms to contribute to open source projects, how developers and users view the trade-offs between the two kinds of software, and how government policies can ensure that open source competes effectively with proprietary software and contributes to economic development.
Derek Johnson, Derek Kompare, and Avi Santo (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814764695
- eISBN:
- 9780814724989
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814764695.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
In popular culture, management in the media industry is frequently understood as the work of network executives, studio developers, and market researchers—“the suits”—who oppose the more productive ...
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In popular culture, management in the media industry is frequently understood as the work of network executives, studio developers, and market researchers—“the suits”—who oppose the more productive forces of creative talent and subject that labor to the inefficiencies and risk aversion of bureaucratic hierarchies. However, such portrayals belie the reality of how media management operates as a culture of shifting discourses, dispositions, and tactics that create meaning, generate value, and shape media work throughout each moment of production and consumption. This book aims to provide a deeper and more nuanced understanding of management within the entertainment industries. Drawing from work in critical sociology and cultural studies, the collection theorizes management as a pervasive, yet flexible set of principles drawn upon by a wide range of practitioners—artists, talent scouts, performers, directors, show runners, and more—in their ongoing efforts to articulate relationships and bridge potentially discordant forces within the media industries. The chapters interrogate managerial labor and identity, shine a light on how management understands its roles within cultural and creative contexts, and reconfigure the complex relationship between labor and managerial authority as productive rather than solely prohibitive. The chapters offer insight into how management is understood and performed within media industry contexts. The book traces the changing roles of management both historically and in the contemporary moment within US and international contexts, and across a range of media forms, from film and television to video games and social media.Less
In popular culture, management in the media industry is frequently understood as the work of network executives, studio developers, and market researchers—“the suits”—who oppose the more productive forces of creative talent and subject that labor to the inefficiencies and risk aversion of bureaucratic hierarchies. However, such portrayals belie the reality of how media management operates as a culture of shifting discourses, dispositions, and tactics that create meaning, generate value, and shape media work throughout each moment of production and consumption. This book aims to provide a deeper and more nuanced understanding of management within the entertainment industries. Drawing from work in critical sociology and cultural studies, the collection theorizes management as a pervasive, yet flexible set of principles drawn upon by a wide range of practitioners—artists, talent scouts, performers, directors, show runners, and more—in their ongoing efforts to articulate relationships and bridge potentially discordant forces within the media industries. The chapters interrogate managerial labor and identity, shine a light on how management understands its roles within cultural and creative contexts, and reconfigure the complex relationship between labor and managerial authority as productive rather than solely prohibitive. The chapters offer insight into how management is understood and performed within media industry contexts. The book traces the changing roles of management both historically and in the contemporary moment within US and international contexts, and across a range of media forms, from film and television to video games and social media.
Rachel Weber
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226294483
- eISBN:
- 9780226294513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226294513.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
After one of the worst financial crises on record, commercial construction appears – in 2014 - to be back with a vengeance. Developers have proposals in to add more than eight million square feet to ...
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After one of the worst financial crises on record, commercial construction appears – in 2014 - to be back with a vengeance. Developers have proposals in to add more than eight million square feet to the downtown Chicago office market. For many in the industry, the commercial overbuilding of the Millennial Boom is already a distant memory. Why does it seem as if we are destined to repeat the same mistakes from recent years? The epilogue restates some of the arguments from previous chapters and applies them with an eye toward the future. It proposes that as long as the professional routines that encourage overbuilding are still intact and capital is drawn to real estate from other asset classes, real estate will continue to cycle and developers will continue to overbuild.Less
After one of the worst financial crises on record, commercial construction appears – in 2014 - to be back with a vengeance. Developers have proposals in to add more than eight million square feet to the downtown Chicago office market. For many in the industry, the commercial overbuilding of the Millennial Boom is already a distant memory. Why does it seem as if we are destined to repeat the same mistakes from recent years? The epilogue restates some of the arguments from previous chapters and applies them with an eye toward the future. It proposes that as long as the professional routines that encourage overbuilding are still intact and capital is drawn to real estate from other asset classes, real estate will continue to cycle and developers will continue to overbuild.
Rikkie Yeung
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098824
- eISBN:
- 9789882207196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098824.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter highlights the challenges to their profitable property development model especially in the last few years, the emergence of environmental issues in new projects since the late 1990s, and ...
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This chapter highlights the challenges to their profitable property development model especially in the last few years, the emergence of environmental issues in new projects since the late 1990s, and how different responses from the MTRC and the KCRC led to contrasting outcomes. Their extensive involvement in both railway and property development had profound impacts on the urban and rural environments in Hong Kong in both positive and negative ways. As in other aspects of corporate and project governance, the KCRC experienced more controversies whereas the MTRC turned some of the public concerns into its own business interest.Less
This chapter highlights the challenges to their profitable property development model especially in the last few years, the emergence of environmental issues in new projects since the late 1990s, and how different responses from the MTRC and the KCRC led to contrasting outcomes. Their extensive involvement in both railway and property development had profound impacts on the urban and rural environments in Hong Kong in both positive and negative ways. As in other aspects of corporate and project governance, the KCRC experienced more controversies whereas the MTRC turned some of the public concerns into its own business interest.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of conserving native trees and natural areas in order to maximize biodiversity. Strategies are listed for how residents in neighborhoods can manage trees and ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of conserving native trees and natural areas in order to maximize biodiversity. Strategies are listed for how residents in neighborhoods can manage trees and conserve natural areas. For developers, highlighted conservation strategies and examples are presented for the design, construction, and postconstruction phases of development. Wildlife ecology and management are discussed in detail in order to maximize biodiversity conservation on a site. Strategies for policy makers that promote tree and natural area conservation are also detailed, and examples of these strategies are given.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of conserving native trees and natural areas in order to maximize biodiversity. Strategies are listed for how residents in neighborhoods can manage trees and conserve natural areas. For developers, highlighted conservation strategies and examples are presented for the design, construction, and postconstruction phases of development. Wildlife ecology and management are discussed in detail in order to maximize biodiversity conservation on a site. Strategies for policy makers that promote tree and natural area conservation are also detailed, and examples of these strategies are given.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of community engagement and understanding about how to properly manage homes, yards, and neighborhoods over the long term. Strategies are listed for how ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of community engagement and understanding about how to properly manage homes, yards, and neighborhoods over the long term. Strategies are listed for how residents can create a neighborhood culture of sustainability. For developers, examples of environmental education programs that successfully reach residents are outlined. For policy makers, strategies and examples are discussed that promote long-term education and engagement of residents in green communities.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of community engagement and understanding about how to properly manage homes, yards, and neighborhoods over the long term. Strategies are listed for how residents can create a neighborhood culture of sustainability. For developers, examples of environmental education programs that successfully reach residents are outlined. For policy makers, strategies and examples are discussed that promote long-term education and engagement of residents in green communities.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining more natural landscapes within individual lots. A historical perspective of people's fascination with mowed lawns and the ways in ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining more natural landscapes within individual lots. A historical perspective of people's fascination with mowed lawns and the ways in which highly maintained lawns contribute to environmental degradation are summarized. Strategies are listed for how residents can create a more natural landscape. For developers, examples of more native landscape designs and management plans are listed. For policy makers, incentive-based and regulatory policies that encourage sustainable landscape designs and management strategies are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining more natural landscapes within individual lots. A historical perspective of people's fascination with mowed lawns and the ways in which highly maintained lawns contribute to environmental degradation are summarized. Strategies are listed for how residents can create a more natural landscape. For developers, examples of more native landscape designs and management plans are listed. For policy makers, incentive-based and regulatory policies that encourage sustainable landscape designs and management strategies are discussed.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining a walkable neighborhood with common areas for people to gather. Strategies are listed for how residents can maintain and use private ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining a walkable neighborhood with common areas for people to gather. Strategies are listed for how residents can maintain and use private trails and common areas so that they do not negatively impact biodiversity. For developers, strategies are discussed for building a trail, sidewalk, and shared open space system that promotes community interaction but has minimal impacts on biodiversity. For policy makers, incentive-based and regulatory policies that encourage walkable communities are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining a walkable neighborhood with common areas for people to gather. Strategies are listed for how residents can maintain and use private trails and common areas so that they do not negatively impact biodiversity. For developers, strategies are discussed for building a trail, sidewalk, and shared open space system that promotes community interaction but has minimal impacts on biodiversity. For policy makers, incentive-based and regulatory policies that encourage walkable communities are discussed.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of stormwater treatment and creating water-efficient irrigation systems pertaining to the concept of low-impact development (LID). The benefits to water quality ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of stormwater treatment and creating water-efficient irrigation systems pertaining to the concept of low-impact development (LID). The benefits to water quality and biodiversity are discussed when LID stormwater treatment trains and efficient irrigation are implemented. Strategies and examples are listed for how residents can maintain neighborhood stormwater and irrigation features and how they can look out for problems associated with water drainage. For developers, strategies and examples are discussed for building a stormwater treatment train and irrigation systems that benefit not only water quality and quantity but biodiversity as well. For policy makers, the removal of regulatory barriers is discussed, along with how one can create policies that address design, construction, and postconstruction phases of a LID development.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of stormwater treatment and creating water-efficient irrigation systems pertaining to the concept of low-impact development (LID). The benefits to water quality and biodiversity are discussed when LID stormwater treatment trains and efficient irrigation are implemented. Strategies and examples are listed for how residents can maintain neighborhood stormwater and irrigation features and how they can look out for problems associated with water drainage. For developers, strategies and examples are discussed for building a stormwater treatment train and irrigation systems that benefit not only water quality and quantity but biodiversity as well. For policy makers, the removal of regulatory barriers is discussed, along with how one can create policies that address design, construction, and postconstruction phases of a LID development.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of designing and maintaining developments that permit the movement and dispersal of wildlife species. Strategies and examples are listed for how residents can ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of designing and maintaining developments that permit the movement and dispersal of wildlife species. Strategies and examples are listed for how residents can maintain neighborhood wildlife corridors and use vehicles so that there is a benefit for wildlife. For developers, strategies and examples are discussed for building transportation systems and lighting along roads that benefit both people and wildlife. For policy makers, how one can create policies to promote wildlife-friendly transportation systems is discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of designing and maintaining developments that permit the movement and dispersal of wildlife species. Strategies and examples are listed for how residents can maintain neighborhood wildlife corridors and use vehicles so that there is a benefit for wildlife. For developers, strategies and examples are discussed for building transportation systems and lighting along roads that benefit both people and wildlife. For policy makers, how one can create policies to promote wildlife-friendly transportation systems is discussed.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs), which are legal documents that dictate how properties in a subdivision look and how they are managed. ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs), which are legal documents that dictate how properties in a subdivision look and how they are managed. Strategies and examples are listed for how residents can update CC&Rs that support biodiversity conservation in a neighborhood. For developers, strategies and examples for creating CC&Rs that explicitly state environmental and biodiversity practices related to the homes, yards, and neighborhoods are discussed. For policy makers, how one can create policies that encourage developers to write environmental CC&Rs is discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs), which are legal documents that dictate how properties in a subdivision look and how they are managed. Strategies and examples are listed for how residents can update CC&Rs that support biodiversity conservation in a neighborhood. For developers, strategies and examples for creating CC&Rs that explicitly state environmental and biodiversity practices related to the homes, yards, and neighborhoods are discussed. For policy makers, how one can create policies that encourage developers to write environmental CC&Rs is discussed.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the various green certification programs and how they relate to biodiversity conservation. Often, green certification programs do not adequately address biodiversity. ...
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This chapter discusses the various green certification programs and how they relate to biodiversity conservation. Often, green certification programs do not adequately address biodiversity. Strategies and examples are listed for how residents can question and explore the benefits of various green certification programs. For developers, strategies and examples are discussed for how they can select and utilize green certification programs that benefit biodiversity. For policy makers, third-party certification programs are discussed that can be utilized to benefit biodiversity.Less
This chapter discusses the various green certification programs and how they relate to biodiversity conservation. Often, green certification programs do not adequately address biodiversity. Strategies and examples are listed for how residents can question and explore the benefits of various green certification programs. For developers, strategies and examples are discussed for how they can select and utilize green certification programs that benefit biodiversity. For policy makers, third-party certification programs are discussed that can be utilized to benefit biodiversity.
Judith Ann Trolander
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813036045
- eISBN:
- 9780813038988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036045.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter talks about how the residents modified the developers' script and, in the process, created their own subculture. Not all of this subculture, nor all of the residents, fitted the ...
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This chapter talks about how the residents modified the developers' script and, in the process, created their own subculture. Not all of this subculture, nor all of the residents, fitted the advertised image. Furthermore, as these communities proliferated and differed in various ways, they appealed to various types among the elderly. And given the expanding size of some of these communities, elderly people seeking others like them were more likely to find such people. This chapter also discusses how the developers reflected the growing egalitarian attitudes of buyers. With the developers' heritage of stressing the commonality of residents, implementing racial diversity would not be easy. The reason for the opposition to incorporation may be that local politics focused on the resident associations that were responsible for common areas and for activities within their communities.Less
This chapter talks about how the residents modified the developers' script and, in the process, created their own subculture. Not all of this subculture, nor all of the residents, fitted the advertised image. Furthermore, as these communities proliferated and differed in various ways, they appealed to various types among the elderly. And given the expanding size of some of these communities, elderly people seeking others like them were more likely to find such people. This chapter also discusses how the developers reflected the growing egalitarian attitudes of buyers. With the developers' heritage of stressing the commonality of residents, implementing racial diversity would not be easy. The reason for the opposition to incorporation may be that local politics focused on the resident associations that were responsible for common areas and for activities within their communities.
David R. Godschalk and Jonathan B. Howes
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469607252
- eISBN:
- 9781469608280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469607252.003.0002
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
This chapter describes the university campus as a central feature in urban development. While driven by its educational mission, campus growth reflects many of the precepts of private real estate ...
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This chapter describes the university campus as a central feature in urban development. While driven by its educational mission, campus growth reflects many of the precepts of private real estate development in its quest for additional space. At the same time, the economic importance of the university casts it into a quasi-public role as community developer. The tensions between these internal and external roles can create substantial town/gown friction as the university seeks to expand and the community requires it to recognize and mitigate the impacts of its growth. The internal logic of campus development stems from the university's core mission of teaching, research, and service; this requires attention to knowledge development, disciplinary excellence, and technological advance, as well as to the demands of faculty, student, and alumni constituencies.Less
This chapter describes the university campus as a central feature in urban development. While driven by its educational mission, campus growth reflects many of the precepts of private real estate development in its quest for additional space. At the same time, the economic importance of the university casts it into a quasi-public role as community developer. The tensions between these internal and external roles can create substantial town/gown friction as the university seeks to expand and the community requires it to recognize and mitigate the impacts of its growth. The internal logic of campus development stems from the university's core mission of teaching, research, and service; this requires attention to knowledge development, disciplinary excellence, and technological advance, as well as to the demands of faculty, student, and alumni constituencies.
Dara Orenstein
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226662879
- eISBN:
- 9780226663067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226663067.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
The constraints of the warehousing system in the United States spurred on demands for an alternative to the bonded warehouse. For forty years merchants and real estate developers in port cities from ...
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The constraints of the warehousing system in the United States spurred on demands for an alternative to the bonded warehouse. For forty years merchants and real estate developers in port cities from Seattle to Boston campaigned, accordingly, for the spatial form of the free zone, the allure of which is the focus of this chapter. Most often associated with the Freihafen of Hamburg, Germany, the free zone was an update of the free port, the port city accessible to all comers during the age of mercantilism. The free zone rationalized the space of the free port into an extraterritorial enclave—a fenced-in parcel of land set aside strictly for the free movement of capital, not labor. It sat outside the customs territory or Zollverein of the nation-state that hosted it. By this logic, it was a “handmaiden of protectionism,” serving as a “vestibule” outside the tariff wall rather than as an open door. Free zones grew popular in Europe and Latin America especially after World War I, nodes of the emergent infrastructure of globalization. The United States at long last adopted the model during the New Deal in the guise of the Foreign-Trade Zones Act of 1934.Less
The constraints of the warehousing system in the United States spurred on demands for an alternative to the bonded warehouse. For forty years merchants and real estate developers in port cities from Seattle to Boston campaigned, accordingly, for the spatial form of the free zone, the allure of which is the focus of this chapter. Most often associated with the Freihafen of Hamburg, Germany, the free zone was an update of the free port, the port city accessible to all comers during the age of mercantilism. The free zone rationalized the space of the free port into an extraterritorial enclave—a fenced-in parcel of land set aside strictly for the free movement of capital, not labor. It sat outside the customs territory or Zollverein of the nation-state that hosted it. By this logic, it was a “handmaiden of protectionism,” serving as a “vestibule” outside the tariff wall rather than as an open door. Free zones grew popular in Europe and Latin America especially after World War I, nodes of the emergent infrastructure of globalization. The United States at long last adopted the model during the New Deal in the guise of the Foreign-Trade Zones Act of 1934.
Rodney Harrison and John Schofield
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199548071
- eISBN:
- 9780191917752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199548071.003.0007
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Contemporary and Public Archaeology
Following the brief definition and discussion of the archaeology of the contemporary past provided in Chapter 1, this chapter will consider the academic ...
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Following the brief definition and discussion of the archaeology of the contemporary past provided in Chapter 1, this chapter will consider the academic context for the development of the archaeology of the contemporary past and its emergence in the years surrounding the Millennium. It then briefly surveys and summarizes the topics which have emerged as areas of focus amongst archaeologists working in the field over the past decade. It will chart the important role of commercial archaeology and developer funding in the emergence of the archaeology of the contemporary past, and look at the role of national heritage agencies and local authorities. Another major issue in this chapter is the ways in which the archaeology of the recent and contemporary past has developed as a means of addressing cultural diversity and recent migrant communities and their heritage, which is inevitably and by definition ‘contemporary’ albeit often with reference to other times and places. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the relationship between historical archaeology and the archaeology of the contemporary past, considering claims for and against seeing it as a discipline in its own right. It is now a decade since the publication of two key books which have been central to the establishment of the archaeology of the contem-porary past as a specific area of study within the English speaking world—Matter, Materiality and Modern Culture edited by Paul Graves-Brown (2000b), and Archaeologies of the Contemporary Past edited by Victor Buchli and Gavin Lucas (2001e). As Buchli (2007: 115) points out however, archaeologists have had a long interest in studying contemporary material culture, dating back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and including Pitt-Rivers’s studies of contemporary rifles while working as a military officer, and Kroeber’s (1919) study of changes in contemporary women’s dress lengths. Nonetheless, throughout most of the twentieth century, archaeology has concerned itself almost exclusively with the study of the distant past, accepting a conservative and literal definition of archaeology as something that should focus only on that which is ancient, or ‘archaic’.
Less
Following the brief definition and discussion of the archaeology of the contemporary past provided in Chapter 1, this chapter will consider the academic context for the development of the archaeology of the contemporary past and its emergence in the years surrounding the Millennium. It then briefly surveys and summarizes the topics which have emerged as areas of focus amongst archaeologists working in the field over the past decade. It will chart the important role of commercial archaeology and developer funding in the emergence of the archaeology of the contemporary past, and look at the role of national heritage agencies and local authorities. Another major issue in this chapter is the ways in which the archaeology of the recent and contemporary past has developed as a means of addressing cultural diversity and recent migrant communities and their heritage, which is inevitably and by definition ‘contemporary’ albeit often with reference to other times and places. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the relationship between historical archaeology and the archaeology of the contemporary past, considering claims for and against seeing it as a discipline in its own right. It is now a decade since the publication of two key books which have been central to the establishment of the archaeology of the contem-porary past as a specific area of study within the English speaking world—Matter, Materiality and Modern Culture edited by Paul Graves-Brown (2000b), and Archaeologies of the Contemporary Past edited by Victor Buchli and Gavin Lucas (2001e). As Buchli (2007: 115) points out however, archaeologists have had a long interest in studying contemporary material culture, dating back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and including Pitt-Rivers’s studies of contemporary rifles while working as a military officer, and Kroeber’s (1919) study of changes in contemporary women’s dress lengths. Nonetheless, throughout most of the twentieth century, archaeology has concerned itself almost exclusively with the study of the distant past, accepting a conservative and literal definition of archaeology as something that should focus only on that which is ancient, or ‘archaic’.
Edith Wyschogrod
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823226061
- eISBN:
- 9780823235148
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823226061.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
It would seem that terror and violence stand together, inhabiting the same semantic space. This chapter successively undertakes readings of Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel ...
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It would seem that terror and violence stand together, inhabiting the same semantic space. This chapter successively undertakes readings of Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Levinas, Jacques Derrida, Dominique Janicaud, and software developers, the proponents of so-called agile thought. Each will be seen as a critic who both undermines and supports specific positions of the preceding thinker. Thus, the chapter's interest is in creating a conversation, a semantic space in which both convergence and dissension constitute an ever-expanding, provocative discourse of terror. It considers whether the difficulty in finding and identifying the terrorist and in assessing the extent of the danger she or he poses points to a radically new mode of violence; how war and the violence intrinsic to existing political, social, and economic relations differ from the violence of terror; and the role played by the beliefs and practices of the world's religions in configuring this space.Less
It would seem that terror and violence stand together, inhabiting the same semantic space. This chapter successively undertakes readings of Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Levinas, Jacques Derrida, Dominique Janicaud, and software developers, the proponents of so-called agile thought. Each will be seen as a critic who both undermines and supports specific positions of the preceding thinker. Thus, the chapter's interest is in creating a conversation, a semantic space in which both convergence and dissension constitute an ever-expanding, provocative discourse of terror. It considers whether the difficulty in finding and identifying the terrorist and in assessing the extent of the danger she or he poses points to a radically new mode of violence; how war and the violence intrinsic to existing political, social, and economic relations differ from the violence of terror; and the role played by the beliefs and practices of the world's religions in configuring this space.
