Michelle Kosch
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199289110
- eISBN:
- 9780191604003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199289115.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter examines Kierkegaard’s critical accounts of aesthetic and ethical stages of existence, arguing that on Kierkegaard’s view, both life-views incorporate distorted accounts of human agency. ...
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This chapter examines Kierkegaard’s critical accounts of aesthetic and ethical stages of existence, arguing that on Kierkegaard’s view, both life-views incorporate distorted accounts of human agency. The criticism of the ethical stage is tied to the criticism of Kant’s approach to freedom for evil examined in chapters 2 and 4.Less
This chapter examines Kierkegaard’s critical accounts of aesthetic and ethical stages of existence, arguing that on Kierkegaard’s view, both life-views incorporate distorted accounts of human agency. The criticism of the ethical stage is tied to the criticism of Kant’s approach to freedom for evil examined in chapters 2 and 4.
Donald J. Morse
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823234707
- eISBN:
- 9780823240760
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823234707.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, American Philosophy
This book considers John Dewey's early philosophy on its own terms and aims to explicate its key ideas. It does so through the fullest treatment to date of his youthful masterwork, the Psychology. ...
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This book considers John Dewey's early philosophy on its own terms and aims to explicate its key ideas. It does so through the fullest treatment to date of his youthful masterwork, the Psychology. This fuller treatment reveals that the received view, which sees Dewey's early philosophy as unimportant in its own right, is deeply mistaken. In fact, Dewey's early philosophy amounts to an important new form of idealism. More specifically, Dewey's idealism contains a new logic of rupture, which allows us to achieve four things: a focus on discontinuity that challenges all naturalistic views, including Dewey's own later view; a space of critical resistance to events that is at the same time the source of ideals; a faith in the development of ideals that challenges pessimists like Schopenhauer and Nietzsche; and a non-traditional reading of Hegel that invites comparison with cutting-edge Continental philosophers, such as Adorno, Derrida, and Zizek, and even goes beyond them in its systematic approach. In making these discoveries, the book forges a new link between American and European philosophy, showing how they share similar insights and concerns. It also provides an original assessment of Dewey's relationship to his teacher, George Sylvester Morris, and to other important thinkers of the day, giving us a fresh picture of John Dewey, the man and the philosopher, in the early years of his career. This book discusses a wide range of topics, from Dewey's early reflections on Kant and Hegel to the nature of beauty, courage, sympathy, hatred, love, and even death and despair.Less
This book considers John Dewey's early philosophy on its own terms and aims to explicate its key ideas. It does so through the fullest treatment to date of his youthful masterwork, the Psychology. This fuller treatment reveals that the received view, which sees Dewey's early philosophy as unimportant in its own right, is deeply mistaken. In fact, Dewey's early philosophy amounts to an important new form of idealism. More specifically, Dewey's idealism contains a new logic of rupture, which allows us to achieve four things: a focus on discontinuity that challenges all naturalistic views, including Dewey's own later view; a space of critical resistance to events that is at the same time the source of ideals; a faith in the development of ideals that challenges pessimists like Schopenhauer and Nietzsche; and a non-traditional reading of Hegel that invites comparison with cutting-edge Continental philosophers, such as Adorno, Derrida, and Zizek, and even goes beyond them in its systematic approach. In making these discoveries, the book forges a new link between American and European philosophy, showing how they share similar insights and concerns. It also provides an original assessment of Dewey's relationship to his teacher, George Sylvester Morris, and to other important thinkers of the day, giving us a fresh picture of John Dewey, the man and the philosopher, in the early years of his career. This book discusses a wide range of topics, from Dewey's early reflections on Kant and Hegel to the nature of beauty, courage, sympathy, hatred, love, and even death and despair.
Michael Ingham
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099197
- eISBN:
- 9789882207103
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099197.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
PTU is an underappreciated noir masterpiece by one of Hong Kong's most prolific and commercially successful directors. Johnnie To Kei-fung has been called the poet of post-1997 and the economic ...
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PTU is an underappreciated noir masterpiece by one of Hong Kong's most prolific and commercially successful directors. Johnnie To Kei-fung has been called the poet of post-1997 and the economic savior of the Hong Kong film industry for an extraordinary range of films produced during some of Hong Kong cinema's most difficult years. While many of To's celebrated films—such as Election, Exiled, and The Mission—feature themes of criminal glory and revenge, PTU centers on the ethical dilemmas, personal dramas, and stoic teamwork in the elite Police Tactical Unit. The story follows the PTU's all-night search for an officer's missing gun as they navigate triad turf struggles and marauding jewel thieves from mainland China. Shot over several years in the hauntingly empty pre-dawn streets of Tsim Sha Tsui, and released amid the 2003 SARS panic, the film evokes Hong Kong's post-handover economic despair and multiple identity crises. This book argues that PTU is the most aesthetically rigorous and satisfying of To's many films in terms of character development and psychological complexity.Less
PTU is an underappreciated noir masterpiece by one of Hong Kong's most prolific and commercially successful directors. Johnnie To Kei-fung has been called the poet of post-1997 and the economic savior of the Hong Kong film industry for an extraordinary range of films produced during some of Hong Kong cinema's most difficult years. While many of To's celebrated films—such as Election, Exiled, and The Mission—feature themes of criminal glory and revenge, PTU centers on the ethical dilemmas, personal dramas, and stoic teamwork in the elite Police Tactical Unit. The story follows the PTU's all-night search for an officer's missing gun as they navigate triad turf struggles and marauding jewel thieves from mainland China. Shot over several years in the hauntingly empty pre-dawn streets of Tsim Sha Tsui, and released amid the 2003 SARS panic, the film evokes Hong Kong's post-handover economic despair and multiple identity crises. This book argues that PTU is the most aesthetically rigorous and satisfying of To's many films in terms of character development and psychological complexity.
Matthew Fox
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199211920
- eISBN:
- 9780191705854
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211920.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter focuses on Brutus, Cicero's late dialogue on the history of rhetoric. Rather than presenting a teleology for Cicero's own achievements, the work reinforces the difficulty of interpreting ...
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This chapter focuses on Brutus, Cicero's late dialogue on the history of rhetoric. Rather than presenting a teleology for Cicero's own achievements, the work reinforces the difficulty of interpreting rhetoric as the cornerstone of Rome's political history. Details of the work demonstrate Cicero's ironic attitude to such teleology, and sometimes that irony is inflected with a grim humour. Cicero's self-presentation is explored. The chapter concludes that this work represents clearly the problematic quality of Cicero's exploration of Rome's history. As a record of political process, as an arena for exercising rhetorical skill, and as a validation for Cicero's own career, Rome's history provides little comfort at the point where the Republic is collapsing.Less
This chapter focuses on Brutus, Cicero's late dialogue on the history of rhetoric. Rather than presenting a teleology for Cicero's own achievements, the work reinforces the difficulty of interpreting rhetoric as the cornerstone of Rome's political history. Details of the work demonstrate Cicero's ironic attitude to such teleology, and sometimes that irony is inflected with a grim humour. Cicero's self-presentation is explored. The chapter concludes that this work represents clearly the problematic quality of Cicero's exploration of Rome's history. As a record of political process, as an arena for exercising rhetorical skill, and as a validation for Cicero's own career, Rome's history provides little comfort at the point where the Republic is collapsing.
Stefania Pandolfo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226464923
- eISBN:
- 9780226465111
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226465111.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Through a dual engagement with the unconscious in psychoanalysis and Islamic theological-medical reasoning, Stefania Pandolfo’s unsettling and innovative book reflects on the maladies of the soul at ...
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Through a dual engagement with the unconscious in psychoanalysis and Islamic theological-medical reasoning, Stefania Pandolfo’s unsettling and innovative book reflects on the maladies of the soul at a time of tremendous global upheaval. Drawing on in-depth historical research and testimonies of contemporary patients and therapists in Morocco, Knot of the Soul offers both an ethnographic journey through madness and contemporary formations of despair and a philosophical and theological exploration of the vicissitudes of the soul. Knot of the Soul moves from the experience of psychosis in psychiatric hospitals, to the visionary torments of the soul in poor urban neighborhoods, to the melancholy and religious imaginary of undocumented migration, culminating in the liturgical stage of the Qur’anic cure. Demonstrating how contemporary Islamic cures for madness address some of the core preoccupations of the psychoanalytic approach, she reveals how a religious and ethical relation to the “ordeal” of madness might actually allow for spiritual transformation. This sophisticated and evocative work illuminates new dimensions of psychoanalysis and the ethical imagination while also sensitively examining the collective psychic strife that so many communities endure today.Less
Through a dual engagement with the unconscious in psychoanalysis and Islamic theological-medical reasoning, Stefania Pandolfo’s unsettling and innovative book reflects on the maladies of the soul at a time of tremendous global upheaval. Drawing on in-depth historical research and testimonies of contemporary patients and therapists in Morocco, Knot of the Soul offers both an ethnographic journey through madness and contemporary formations of despair and a philosophical and theological exploration of the vicissitudes of the soul. Knot of the Soul moves from the experience of psychosis in psychiatric hospitals, to the visionary torments of the soul in poor urban neighborhoods, to the melancholy and religious imaginary of undocumented migration, culminating in the liturgical stage of the Qur’anic cure. Demonstrating how contemporary Islamic cures for madness address some of the core preoccupations of the psychoanalytic approach, she reveals how a religious and ethical relation to the “ordeal” of madness might actually allow for spiritual transformation. This sophisticated and evocative work illuminates new dimensions of psychoanalysis and the ethical imagination while also sensitively examining the collective psychic strife that so many communities endure today.
E. W. Heaton
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198263623
- eISBN:
- 9780191601156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198263627.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The presuppositions of the comfortable outlook – ‘God’s in his heaven: All’s right with the world’ – had been questioned from time to time over the centuries, but Job and Ecclesiastes are the only ...
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The presuppositions of the comfortable outlook – ‘God’s in his heaven: All’s right with the world’ – had been questioned from time to time over the centuries, but Job and Ecclesiastes are the only major works in the Old Testament deliberately undertaken to articulate the doubt and debate then current in the Israeli schools. They are generally thought to come from the fifth or fourth and third centuries BC respectively, but there is no evidence to support the speculation that it was at this period that the age-old conflict between the theories of the theologians and the facts of life became more than usually acute. The two parts of the chapter look first at doubt, disaster, despair and pessimism in Job and then at the same attitudes in Ecclesiastes, and in doing so make comparisons between the two books. The Egyptian and Babylonian precedents to passages in Job suggest that its author is writing within a convention well established in the circles of schoolmen of the Ancient Near East, rather than presenting actual experiences, and the sustained protest of Job’s speeches challenges the two principal (and contradictory) dogmas that had become fossilized in the Israeli school tradition: ‘God moves in a mysterious way his wonders to perform’, and ‘God’s way in the world is not in the least mysterious and may be traced in the prosperity of the righteous and the suffering of the wicked’. Any interpretation of Ecclesiastes, who like Job was a literary stylist, must give due weight to the fact that he was a teacher, but the application of doleful description in the body of the work is discriminating, and probably represents his thought.Less
The presuppositions of the comfortable outlook – ‘God’s in his heaven: All’s right with the world’ – had been questioned from time to time over the centuries, but Job and Ecclesiastes are the only major works in the Old Testament deliberately undertaken to articulate the doubt and debate then current in the Israeli schools. They are generally thought to come from the fifth or fourth and third centuries BC respectively, but there is no evidence to support the speculation that it was at this period that the age-old conflict between the theories of the theologians and the facts of life became more than usually acute. The two parts of the chapter look first at doubt, disaster, despair and pessimism in Job and then at the same attitudes in Ecclesiastes, and in doing so make comparisons between the two books. The Egyptian and Babylonian precedents to passages in Job suggest that its author is writing within a convention well established in the circles of schoolmen of the Ancient Near East, rather than presenting actual experiences, and the sustained protest of Job’s speeches challenges the two principal (and contradictory) dogmas that had become fossilized in the Israeli school tradition: ‘God moves in a mysterious way his wonders to perform’, and ‘God’s way in the world is not in the least mysterious and may be traced in the prosperity of the righteous and the suffering of the wicked’. Any interpretation of Ecclesiastes, who like Job was a literary stylist, must give due weight to the fact that he was a teacher, but the application of doleful description in the body of the work is discriminating, and probably represents his thought.
Henry E. Allison
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199532889
- eISBN:
- 9780191714450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532889.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter analyzes Hume's justification for continuing his project of constructing a science of human nature (writing the last two books of the Treatise) in the concluding section of Book One, in ...
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This chapter analyzes Hume's justification for continuing his project of constructing a science of human nature (writing the last two books of the Treatise) in the concluding section of Book One, in spite of what he has learned about the unreliability of his cognitive faculties. It is divided into four parts. The first sketches Hume's doubts concerning these faculties, which led him to despair of his project. The second examines Hume's overcoming of this despair and return to philosophy through the combination of the return of ‘a serious good humour'd disposition’ and ‘sceptical principles’, specifically the ‘Title Principle’. The third provides an internal defense of Hume's appeal to the latter and on his reliance on a certain philosophical insouciance. The fourth functions as a conclusion to the work as a whole and provides an overall evaluation of Hume's achievement by means of a final comparison with Kant.Less
This chapter analyzes Hume's justification for continuing his project of constructing a science of human nature (writing the last two books of the Treatise) in the concluding section of Book One, in spite of what he has learned about the unreliability of his cognitive faculties. It is divided into four parts. The first sketches Hume's doubts concerning these faculties, which led him to despair of his project. The second examines Hume's overcoming of this despair and return to philosophy through the combination of the return of ‘a serious good humour'd disposition’ and ‘sceptical principles’, specifically the ‘Title Principle’. The third provides an internal defense of Hume's appeal to the latter and on his reliance on a certain philosophical insouciance. The fourth functions as a conclusion to the work as a whole and provides an overall evaluation of Hume's achievement by means of a final comparison with Kant.
Charles K. Bellinger
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195134988
- eISBN:
- 9780199833986
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195134982.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Kierkegaard's psychological masterpiece, The Sickness unto Death, is summarized, focusing on his interpretation of despair and sin as not willing to become the mature self that one is called (by the ...
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Kierkegaard's psychological masterpiece, The Sickness unto Death, is summarized, focusing on his interpretation of despair and sin as not willing to become the mature self that one is called (by the Creator) to become. Friedrich Nietzsche is criticized as a proponent of despairing rebellion against the divine call. The psychological term ”ego‐protection” is one way of presenting Kierkegaard's understanding of the despair that leads ultimately to violence.Less
Kierkegaard's psychological masterpiece, The Sickness unto Death, is summarized, focusing on his interpretation of despair and sin as not willing to become the mature self that one is called (by the Creator) to become. Friedrich Nietzsche is criticized as a proponent of despairing rebellion against the divine call. The psychological term ”ego‐protection” is one way of presenting Kierkegaard's understanding of the despair that leads ultimately to violence.
William A. Richards and G. William Barnard
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231174060
- eISBN:
- 9780231540919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231174060.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Psychopharmacology
Difficult psychedelic experiences.
Difficult psychedelic experiences.
Brian Murdoch
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199596409
- eISBN:
- 9780191745737
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199596409.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Religion and Literature
The story of the apocryphal pope and saint Gregorius was extremely popular throughout the Middle Ages and later in Europe and beyond. In a memorable narrative Gregorius is born from an incestuous ...
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The story of the apocryphal pope and saint Gregorius was extremely popular throughout the Middle Ages and later in Europe and beyond. In a memorable narrative Gregorius is born from an incestuous relationship between a noble brother and sister, and is set out to sea with (unspecific) details of his origin. He is found and brought up by an abbot, but when revealed as a foundling, leaves as a knight to seek his origins; he rescues his mother’s land from attack, and marries her. On discovering his sin he undertakes years of penance on a rocky islet, which he survives miraculously. An angel sends emissaries from Rome to find him after the death of the pope, the key to his shackles is equally miraculously discovered, and he becomes pope. This hagiographical romance is not a variation upon Oedipus; it uses the invisible sin of incest as a parallel both for original sin (the sin of Adam and Eve) and for actual sin. It combines the universal theme of the quest for identity with the problem not of guilt as such, which is inevitable, but of how sinful humanity can cope if it avoids despair. The story probably originated in medieval England or France, but is found in versions from Iceland and Ireland to Iraq and Egypt, in verse and prose, in full-scale literary forms or in much-reduced folktales, in theological as well as secular contexts, and more or less continuously down to and even beyond. It is a truly European theme.Less
The story of the apocryphal pope and saint Gregorius was extremely popular throughout the Middle Ages and later in Europe and beyond. In a memorable narrative Gregorius is born from an incestuous relationship between a noble brother and sister, and is set out to sea with (unspecific) details of his origin. He is found and brought up by an abbot, but when revealed as a foundling, leaves as a knight to seek his origins; he rescues his mother’s land from attack, and marries her. On discovering his sin he undertakes years of penance on a rocky islet, which he survives miraculously. An angel sends emissaries from Rome to find him after the death of the pope, the key to his shackles is equally miraculously discovered, and he becomes pope. This hagiographical romance is not a variation upon Oedipus; it uses the invisible sin of incest as a parallel both for original sin (the sin of Adam and Eve) and for actual sin. It combines the universal theme of the quest for identity with the problem not of guilt as such, which is inevitable, but of how sinful humanity can cope if it avoids despair. The story probably originated in medieval England or France, but is found in versions from Iceland and Ireland to Iraq and Egypt, in verse and prose, in full-scale literary forms or in much-reduced folktales, in theological as well as secular contexts, and more or less continuously down to and even beyond. It is a truly European theme.
Sylvia Walsh
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199208357
- eISBN:
- 9780191695728
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208357.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, History of Christianity
This chapter examines Kierkegaard's angle on the nature of original sin using The Concept of Anxiety, and The Sickness of Death, two of his notable works in Christian thought. It looks into twin ...
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This chapter examines Kierkegaard's angle on the nature of original sin using The Concept of Anxiety, and The Sickness of Death, two of his notable works in Christian thought. It looks into twin psychological concepts of anxiety and despair and the ways these phenomena are probed by their pseudonymous authors to enlighten the psychological depths of the Christian doctrine of sin and the notion of authentic human selfhood in Kierkegaard's theological anthropology. The chapter also looks into the concepts of innocence, the consequences of hereditary sin, the Socratic and Christian views of sin, the dialectical constituents of the self as a synthesis, unconscious despair, conscious despair in weakness, defiant despair, despair as sin, sin as a position, continuance in sin, sin as offence, and sin against the Holy Spirit.Less
This chapter examines Kierkegaard's angle on the nature of original sin using The Concept of Anxiety, and The Sickness of Death, two of his notable works in Christian thought. It looks into twin psychological concepts of anxiety and despair and the ways these phenomena are probed by their pseudonymous authors to enlighten the psychological depths of the Christian doctrine of sin and the notion of authentic human selfhood in Kierkegaard's theological anthropology. The chapter also looks into the concepts of innocence, the consequences of hereditary sin, the Socratic and Christian views of sin, the dialectical constituents of the self as a synthesis, unconscious despair, conscious despair in weakness, defiant despair, despair as sin, sin as a position, continuance in sin, sin as offence, and sin against the Holy Spirit.
Irus Braverman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520298842
- eISBN:
- 9780520970830
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520298842.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Coral Whisperers captures a key moment in the history of coral reef science and of environmental conservation at large. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews,the book documents the physical, ...
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Coral Whisperers captures a key moment in the history of coral reef science and of environmental conservation at large. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews,the book documents the physical, intellectual, and emotional plight of coral scientists and their painstaking deliberations as they struggle to understand and save corals from what many of these scientistshave come to see as the corals’inevitable catastrophic future on a rapidly warming and otherwise assaulted planet.We are here in the thick of contemporary coral science, and we can feel its urgency: the experts, who are witnessing massive coral death around the planet, both grieve for this death and must simultaneously narrate it. Yet despite the desperate realities confronting corals in the Anthropocene, coral scientists have not given up hope. Through their engaging narratives, corals emerge as a sign, a measure, and a way out of the imminent catastrophe facinglife on earth.Less
Coral Whisperers captures a key moment in the history of coral reef science and of environmental conservation at large. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews,the book documents the physical, intellectual, and emotional plight of coral scientists and their painstaking deliberations as they struggle to understand and save corals from what many of these scientistshave come to see as the corals’inevitable catastrophic future on a rapidly warming and otherwise assaulted planet.We are here in the thick of contemporary coral science, and we can feel its urgency: the experts, who are witnessing massive coral death around the planet, both grieve for this death and must simultaneously narrate it. Yet despite the desperate realities confronting corals in the Anthropocene, coral scientists have not given up hope. Through their engaging narratives, corals emerge as a sign, a measure, and a way out of the imminent catastrophe facinglife on earth.
CLAUDIA TATE
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195108576
- eISBN:
- 9780199855094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195108576.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, African-American Literature
This chapter looks at the growing impact of literary realism through the character portrayal of Tillman’s heroines. It also charts the background of the serial heroines in Hopkins’ works from ...
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This chapter looks at the growing impact of literary realism through the character portrayal of Tillman’s heroines. It also charts the background of the serial heroines in Hopkins’ works from domestic happiness to social despair. Racial despair transforms the strategy of racial reform into individual efforts of personal transformation in the serial works of Hopkins. In summary, in this chapter, the heroine’s work is expounded. Moreover, the black heroines, the racial discourse, formula novels, and the test of true love are explicated. The past three chapters gave the author’s argument that the post-reconstruction domestic novels by black women were empathic expressive forces about freedom dreamt of by African Americans. These either transform the dream into a consummation of civil liberty or displace the dream for safekeeping.Less
This chapter looks at the growing impact of literary realism through the character portrayal of Tillman’s heroines. It also charts the background of the serial heroines in Hopkins’ works from domestic happiness to social despair. Racial despair transforms the strategy of racial reform into individual efforts of personal transformation in the serial works of Hopkins. In summary, in this chapter, the heroine’s work is expounded. Moreover, the black heroines, the racial discourse, formula novels, and the test of true love are explicated. The past three chapters gave the author’s argument that the post-reconstruction domestic novels by black women were empathic expressive forces about freedom dreamt of by African Americans. These either transform the dream into a consummation of civil liberty or displace the dream for safekeeping.
Eric Langley
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541232
- eISBN:
- 9780191716072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541232.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This chapter continues the exploration of Shakespeare's representation of Romana mors through discussion of the figures of Pyramus and Thisbe, Lucrece, and Antony and Cleopatra (both in Shakespeare's ...
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This chapter continues the exploration of Shakespeare's representation of Romana mors through discussion of the figures of Pyramus and Thisbe, Lucrece, and Antony and Cleopatra (both in Shakespeare's eponymous drama, its source‐texts, and alternative dramatic versions). Senecan notions of self‐sufficiency come into conflict with Egyptian conceptions of desire, and celebrations of excess. The suicides of Antony, Enobarbus, and Cleopatra are given close attention, and analysis of the rhetoric of their suicidal oratory offers competing models of suicidal action: Stoic, sympathetic or erotic, and despairing.Less
This chapter continues the exploration of Shakespeare's representation of Romana mors through discussion of the figures of Pyramus and Thisbe, Lucrece, and Antony and Cleopatra (both in Shakespeare's eponymous drama, its source‐texts, and alternative dramatic versions). Senecan notions of self‐sufficiency come into conflict with Egyptian conceptions of desire, and celebrations of excess. The suicides of Antony, Enobarbus, and Cleopatra are given close attention, and analysis of the rhetoric of their suicidal oratory offers competing models of suicidal action: Stoic, sympathetic or erotic, and despairing.
Maximillian E. Novak
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199261543
- eISBN:
- 9780191698743
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261543.003.0058
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Daniel Defoe’s personal letters were preserved by the Baker family, including those wrangling over Sophia’s dowry. But in the letters of June 9, 1729, and August 12, 1730, Defoe wrote as a father ...
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Daniel Defoe’s personal letters were preserved by the Baker family, including those wrangling over Sophia’s dowry. But in the letters of June 9, 1729, and August 12, 1730, Defoe wrote as a father about his illnesses, his anger, and his despair. Most of all, he wrote about his love for his family. The June letter is about love and the misunderstandings arising from family intimacy and disagreements. He had felt betrayed by a remark made by Sophia, probably having to do with the quarrel between her father and her husband, Henry Baker. During the last six months of his life, Defoe was once more in hiding. He had been fighting a lawsuit filed against him by Mary Brooke since 1727. It was in London that Defoe died on April 24 or 25, 1731, in his sleep of what was perhaps a relatively mild stroke.Less
Daniel Defoe’s personal letters were preserved by the Baker family, including those wrangling over Sophia’s dowry. But in the letters of June 9, 1729, and August 12, 1730, Defoe wrote as a father about his illnesses, his anger, and his despair. Most of all, he wrote about his love for his family. The June letter is about love and the misunderstandings arising from family intimacy and disagreements. He had felt betrayed by a remark made by Sophia, probably having to do with the quarrel between her father and her husband, Henry Baker. During the last six months of his life, Defoe was once more in hiding. He had been fighting a lawsuit filed against him by Mary Brooke since 1727. It was in London that Defoe died on April 24 or 25, 1731, in his sleep of what was perhaps a relatively mild stroke.
Carol Graham
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691169460
- eISBN:
- 9781400884971
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691169460.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
The Declaration of Independence states that all people are endowed with certain unalienable rights, and that among these is the pursuit of happiness. But is happiness available equally to everyone in ...
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The Declaration of Independence states that all people are endowed with certain unalienable rights, and that among these is the pursuit of happiness. But is happiness available equally to everyone in America today? How about elsewhere in the world? This book draws on cutting-edge research linking income inequality with well-being to show how the widening prosperity gap has led to rising inequality in people's beliefs, hopes, and aspirations. For the United States and other developed countries, the high costs of being poor are most evident not in material deprivation but rather in stress, insecurity, and lack of hope. The result is an optimism gap between rich and poor that, if left unchecked, could lead to an increasingly divided society. The book reveals how people who do not believe in their own futures are unlikely to invest in them, and how the consequences can range from job instability and poor education to greater mortality rates, failed marriages, and higher rates of incarceration. The book explains why the least optimistic people in America are poor whites, not poor blacks or Hispanics. This book highlights the importance of well-being measures in identifying and monitoring trends in life satisfaction and optimism—and misery and despair—and demonstrates how hope and happiness can lead to improved economic outcomes.Less
The Declaration of Independence states that all people are endowed with certain unalienable rights, and that among these is the pursuit of happiness. But is happiness available equally to everyone in America today? How about elsewhere in the world? This book draws on cutting-edge research linking income inequality with well-being to show how the widening prosperity gap has led to rising inequality in people's beliefs, hopes, and aspirations. For the United States and other developed countries, the high costs of being poor are most evident not in material deprivation but rather in stress, insecurity, and lack of hope. The result is an optimism gap between rich and poor that, if left unchecked, could lead to an increasingly divided society. The book reveals how people who do not believe in their own futures are unlikely to invest in them, and how the consequences can range from job instability and poor education to greater mortality rates, failed marriages, and higher rates of incarceration. The book explains why the least optimistic people in America are poor whites, not poor blacks or Hispanics. This book highlights the importance of well-being measures in identifying and monitoring trends in life satisfaction and optimism—and misery and despair—and demonstrates how hope and happiness can lead to improved economic outcomes.
Alexander Murray
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207313
- eISBN:
- 9780191677625
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207313.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, Social History
The term most commonly used to describe the state of mind immediately before suicide was despero, with its derivative noun desperatio. The word came into medieval vocabulary from two origins, whose ...
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The term most commonly used to describe the state of mind immediately before suicide was despero, with its derivative noun desperatio. The word came into medieval vocabulary from two origins, whose uses of it fused to allow use of the term to mean either of two things. The sin of desperatio was opposite to the ecclesiastical virtue of hope. This chapter aims to discover two things: what meanings the word had, context by context; and what the ensemble of meanings reveals about the mental recesses of those who used them. It examines the ways words relating to despero were actually used in medieval writings, both by theologians and by others who had occasion to use this group of words.Less
The term most commonly used to describe the state of mind immediately before suicide was despero, with its derivative noun desperatio. The word came into medieval vocabulary from two origins, whose uses of it fused to allow use of the term to mean either of two things. The sin of desperatio was opposite to the ecclesiastical virtue of hope. This chapter aims to discover two things: what meanings the word had, context by context; and what the ensemble of meanings reveals about the mental recesses of those who used them. It examines the ways words relating to despero were actually used in medieval writings, both by theologians and by others who had occasion to use this group of words.
Ian Green
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206170
- eISBN:
- 9780191677007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206170.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses how catechists who adopted a more flexible structure could introduce new material into their forms. A recent survey has pointed to the apparent spread of religious despair in ...
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This chapter discusses how catechists who adopted a more flexible structure could introduce new material into their forms. A recent survey has pointed to the apparent spread of religious despair in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, but the sources are often hard to evaluate and for the most part not part of the catechetical tradition. Samuel Hieron may be cited as an example of an author who put particular stress on duties. His scriptural catechism dealt with catechetical topics of a fairly conventional nature, except for a long section on how God's children dealt with afflictions, which included a good deal of introspective material. For St. Augustine and Martin Luther, assurance of salvation was through faith in Christ, though both doubted whether absolute assurance was possible.Less
This chapter discusses how catechists who adopted a more flexible structure could introduce new material into their forms. A recent survey has pointed to the apparent spread of religious despair in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, but the sources are often hard to evaluate and for the most part not part of the catechetical tradition. Samuel Hieron may be cited as an example of an author who put particular stress on duties. His scriptural catechism dealt with catechetical topics of a fairly conventional nature, except for a long section on how God's children dealt with afflictions, which included a good deal of introspective material. For St. Augustine and Martin Luther, assurance of salvation was through faith in Christ, though both doubted whether absolute assurance was possible.
Jason A. Mahn
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199790661
- eISBN:
- 9780199897391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199790661.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter provides a deconstructionist interpretation of The Sickness unto Death. It begins by tracing Western culture's penchant for moralizing sin, arguing that Kierkegaard's text resists such ...
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This chapter provides a deconstructionist interpretation of The Sickness unto Death. It begins by tracing Western culture's penchant for moralizing sin, arguing that Kierkegaard's text resists such moralizations. It then analyzes a closely related group of texts, those of the Romantics, with their celebration of human trespass, attending especially to Lord Byron's play Cain. Anti-Climacus (Kierkegaard's pseudonym) plays with the idea that humans might dispose themselves to sin in the effort to win self-security—just as the Romantic poets see creative growth in suffering and transgression. The chapter, however, argues that Kierkegaard actually deconstructs such Romantic leanings in the effort to depict the virtue of faith negatively through the possibility of human failure.Less
This chapter provides a deconstructionist interpretation of The Sickness unto Death. It begins by tracing Western culture's penchant for moralizing sin, arguing that Kierkegaard's text resists such moralizations. It then analyzes a closely related group of texts, those of the Romantics, with their celebration of human trespass, attending especially to Lord Byron's play Cain. Anti-Climacus (Kierkegaard's pseudonym) plays with the idea that humans might dispose themselves to sin in the effort to win self-security—just as the Romantic poets see creative growth in suffering and transgression. The chapter, however, argues that Kierkegaard actually deconstructs such Romantic leanings in the effort to depict the virtue of faith negatively through the possibility of human failure.
Adriaan T. Peperzak
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823244881
- eISBN:
- 9780823252718
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823244881.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This phenomenological study begins by presenting trust as a characteristic form of interpersonal and communal relationship. In the second chapter, the scope is narrowed to someone’s reliance on one ...
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This phenomenological study begins by presenting trust as a characteristic form of interpersonal and communal relationship. In the second chapter, the scope is narrowed to someone’s reliance on one or more trustworthy individuals. Chapters 3 to 5 explore specific aspects of trust, insofar as we confide in social structures or movements, the impersonal regularities and events of nature, or our own particular talents, motivations, and possibilities. In a world that is ravaged by the omnipresence of suffering and the most outrageous manifestations of evil, no philosopher can avoid the question of what kind of trust may be profound and strong enough to overcome the ultimate anxiety or despair that threatens all human existence. In the Western tradition of belief, thinking, faith, and searching for the first and ultimate, that question is approached here through reflection upon the radical difference between trust (or faith) in the universe (the totality) and faith (or trust) in God.Less
This phenomenological study begins by presenting trust as a characteristic form of interpersonal and communal relationship. In the second chapter, the scope is narrowed to someone’s reliance on one or more trustworthy individuals. Chapters 3 to 5 explore specific aspects of trust, insofar as we confide in social structures or movements, the impersonal regularities and events of nature, or our own particular talents, motivations, and possibilities. In a world that is ravaged by the omnipresence of suffering and the most outrageous manifestations of evil, no philosopher can avoid the question of what kind of trust may be profound and strong enough to overcome the ultimate anxiety or despair that threatens all human existence. In the Western tradition of belief, thinking, faith, and searching for the first and ultimate, that question is approached here through reflection upon the radical difference between trust (or faith) in the universe (the totality) and faith (or trust) in God.
