Ian P. Howard
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199764167
- eISBN:
- 9780199949373
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764167.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Vision, Cognitive Psychology
This volume deals with all depth-perception mechanisms other than stereoscopic vision. It first deals with the visual depth cues of accommodation, vergence eye movements, perspective, interposition, ...
More
This volume deals with all depth-perception mechanisms other than stereoscopic vision. It first deals with the visual depth cues of accommodation, vergence eye movements, perspective, interposition, shading, and motion parallax. Ways in which depth cues interact are discussed. These interactions improve discrimination of depth intervals and motion in depth. They also allow us to perceive constancy of size, shape, and relative depth. Pathologies of visual depth perception are described, including visual neglect, and albinism. An account is given of how visual information is used to guide movements of the hand and of the body. Non-visual mechanisms of depth perception are then described. These include audition, echolocation by bats and marine mammals, electrolocation in electric fish, and thermal organs in snakes. The book ends with an account of mechanisms that animals use in navigation and migration.Less
This volume deals with all depth-perception mechanisms other than stereoscopic vision. It first deals with the visual depth cues of accommodation, vergence eye movements, perspective, interposition, shading, and motion parallax. Ways in which depth cues interact are discussed. These interactions improve discrimination of depth intervals and motion in depth. They also allow us to perceive constancy of size, shape, and relative depth. Pathologies of visual depth perception are described, including visual neglect, and albinism. An account is given of how visual information is used to guide movements of the hand and of the body. Non-visual mechanisms of depth perception are then described. These include audition, echolocation by bats and marine mammals, electrolocation in electric fish, and thermal organs in snakes. The book ends with an account of mechanisms that animals use in navigation and migration.
Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195367607
- eISBN:
- 9780199867264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367607.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
This introductory chapter begins with an overview of the chapters in these two volumes. Volume I deals with the basic visual mechanisms used in depth perception. Volume II deals with the perception ...
More
This introductory chapter begins with an overview of the chapters in these two volumes. Volume I deals with the basic visual mechanisms used in depth perception. Volume II deals with the perception of three-dimensional space. This is followed by a discussion of basic terms and concepts: binocular vision and stereopsis, and binocular stimuli and processes. The chapter concludes with some guidelines for using the book and suggests other books on seeing in depth.Less
This introductory chapter begins with an overview of the chapters in these two volumes. Volume I deals with the basic visual mechanisms used in depth perception. Volume II deals with the perception of three-dimensional space. This is followed by a discussion of basic terms and concepts: binocular vision and stereopsis, and binocular stimuli and processes. The chapter concludes with some guidelines for using the book and suggests other books on seeing in depth.
Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195367607
- eISBN:
- 9780199867264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367607.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter reviews the development of visual functions, with an emphasis on the development of depth perception. The discussions cover the development of basic functions; the growth of the ...
More
This chapter reviews the development of visual functions, with an emphasis on the development of depth perception. The discussions cover the development of basic functions; the growth of the oculomotor system; the development of depth perception; the development of stereoacuity; and binocular correspondence.Less
This chapter reviews the development of visual functions, with an emphasis on the development of depth perception. The discussions cover the development of basic functions; the growth of the oculomotor system; the development of depth perception; the development of stereoacuity; and binocular correspondence.
Russell L. De Valois and Karen K. De Valois
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195066579
- eISBN:
- 9780199872220
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195066579.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
We live in a three-dimensional world, yet the image of that three-dimensional world is mapped onto our two-dimensional retinae. One of the oldest and most enduring questions regarding spatial vision ...
More
We live in a three-dimensional world, yet the image of that three-dimensional world is mapped onto our two-dimensional retinae. One of the oldest and most enduring questions regarding spatial vision is how we analyze those two-dimensional images to derive information about variations in depth from which we construct a three-dimensional percept. There are many visual cues for recognising depth or three-dimensional shape that can be obtained from the monocular visual image. This chapter discusses some of the traditional monocular and binocular cues to depth, with a selective emphasis upon how the types of information processing we know to take place in the striate cortex might play a role in this process.Less
We live in a three-dimensional world, yet the image of that three-dimensional world is mapped onto our two-dimensional retinae. One of the oldest and most enduring questions regarding spatial vision is how we analyze those two-dimensional images to derive information about variations in depth from which we construct a three-dimensional percept. There are many visual cues for recognising depth or three-dimensional shape that can be obtained from the monocular visual image. This chapter discusses some of the traditional monocular and binocular cues to depth, with a selective emphasis upon how the types of information processing we know to take place in the striate cortex might play a role in this process.
Ian P. Howard
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199764167
- eISBN:
- 9780199949373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764167.003.0291
- Subject:
- Psychology, Vision, Cognitive Psychology
This brief chapter reviews the topics discussed in all three volumes.
This brief chapter reviews the topics discussed in all three volumes.
Alan Gilchrist
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195187168
- eISBN:
- 9780199786725
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187168.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
The end of the 1960s marked a new era in lightness perception. The shift from a contrast approach to a computational approach was part of a larger change taking place in psychology, a change that ...
More
The end of the 1960s marked a new era in lightness perception. The shift from a contrast approach to a computational approach was part of a larger change taking place in psychology, a change that ended five decades of behaviorist hegemony. The shift from contrast thinking to computational thinking had a profound effect on theories of lightness. During the contrast period, theories had been driven by physiology, primarily in the form of lateral inhibition. Consistent with the behaviorist agenda, physiological validity was pursued as a means for making psychology materialistic. However, the computer provided an alternative definition of materialism. Computers made of copper and silicon store, process, and retrieve information using just code and mechanics.Less
The end of the 1960s marked a new era in lightness perception. The shift from a contrast approach to a computational approach was part of a larger change taking place in psychology, a change that ended five decades of behaviorist hegemony. The shift from contrast thinking to computational thinking had a profound effect on theories of lightness. During the contrast period, theories had been driven by physiology, primarily in the form of lateral inhibition. Consistent with the behaviorist agenda, physiological validity was pursued as a means for making psychology materialistic. However, the computer provided an alternative definition of materialism. Computers made of copper and silicon store, process, and retrieve information using just code and mechanics.
Ian P. Howard
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199764167
- eISBN:
- 9780199949373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764167.003.0231
- Subject:
- Psychology, Vision, Cognitive Psychology
Some insight into how depth-detection systems evolved may be gained by studying mechanisms of depth perception in the animal kingdom, from insects to mammals. Most of our knowledge about visual depth ...
More
Some insight into how depth-detection systems evolved may be gained by studying mechanisms of depth perception in the animal kingdom, from insects to mammals. Most of our knowledge about visual depth perception has come from cats and primates. But in the animal kingdom there is a great variety of mechanisms of depth perception and some remarkable examples of parallel evolution of these mechanisms. This chapter reviews some of the highly specialized visual mechanisms that have evolved in response to the demands of particular ecological niches. It ends with a discussion of how frontal vision and stereoscopic vision may have evolved.Less
Some insight into how depth-detection systems evolved may be gained by studying mechanisms of depth perception in the animal kingdom, from insects to mammals. Most of our knowledge about visual depth perception has come from cats and primates. But in the animal kingdom there is a great variety of mechanisms of depth perception and some remarkable examples of parallel evolution of these mechanisms. This chapter reviews some of the highly specialized visual mechanisms that have evolved in response to the demands of particular ecological niches. It ends with a discussion of how frontal vision and stereoscopic vision may have evolved.
Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195367607
- eISBN:
- 9780199867264
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367607.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
The two volumes in this book contain a survey of knowledge about the visual perception of the three-dimensional visual world. The primary interest is biological vision. Machine vision and ...
More
The two volumes in this book contain a survey of knowledge about the visual perception of the three-dimensional visual world. The primary interest is biological vision. Machine vision and computational models are mentioned only where they contribute to an understanding of the living system. This book grew out of Howard and Rogers' Binocular Vision and Stereopsis, which was published in 1995. The topics have been reorganized, many new sections and chapters have been added, and the literature review has been brought up to date. The present book covers all aspects of depth perception, including a review of monocular cues to depth. Volume I deals with the basic visual mechanisms used in depth perception. Volume II deals with the perception of three-dimensional space.Less
The two volumes in this book contain a survey of knowledge about the visual perception of the three-dimensional visual world. The primary interest is biological vision. Machine vision and computational models are mentioned only where they contribute to an understanding of the living system. This book grew out of Howard and Rogers' Binocular Vision and Stereopsis, which was published in 1995. The topics have been reorganized, many new sections and chapters have been added, and the literature review has been brought up to date. The present book covers all aspects of depth perception, including a review of monocular cues to depth. Volume I deals with the basic visual mechanisms used in depth perception. Volume II deals with the perception of three-dimensional space.
Alan Gilchrist
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195187168
- eISBN:
- 9780199786725
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187168.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
The third period of lightness theory saw the arrival of the Gestalt psychologists, with their penetrating insights and dramatic experiments. Rejecting the clumsy two-stage conception of raw ...
More
The third period of lightness theory saw the arrival of the Gestalt psychologists, with their penetrating insights and dramatic experiments. Rejecting the clumsy two-stage conception of raw sensations and cognitive interpretation, they proposed a single perceptual process that was parsimonious and elegant. The emergence of Gestalt theory is often tied to the 1912 publication of Max Wertheimer's paper on apparent motion. But the Gestaltists did not really turn their attention to lightness until the early 1930s. When they did, they turned the field upside down. In the short space of five years they published a series of devastating crucial experiments. David Katz, who represented the standard view of lightness, was in retreat on every issue on which Gestalt theory challenged him. The Gestalt period was cut short by the tragic events surrounding World War II.Less
The third period of lightness theory saw the arrival of the Gestalt psychologists, with their penetrating insights and dramatic experiments. Rejecting the clumsy two-stage conception of raw sensations and cognitive interpretation, they proposed a single perceptual process that was parsimonious and elegant. The emergence of Gestalt theory is often tied to the 1912 publication of Max Wertheimer's paper on apparent motion. But the Gestaltists did not really turn their attention to lightness until the early 1930s. When they did, they turned the field upside down. In the short space of five years they published a series of devastating crucial experiments. David Katz, who represented the standard view of lightness, was in retreat on every issue on which Gestalt theory challenged him. The Gestalt period was cut short by the tragic events surrounding World War II.
Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195367607
- eISBN:
- 9780199867264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367607.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
Much can be learned about the visual system by studying clinical defects and abnormalities. This chapter reviews defects of depth perception that result from brain damage or genetic defects such as ...
More
Much can be learned about the visual system by studying clinical defects and abnormalities. This chapter reviews defects of depth perception that result from brain damage or genetic defects such as albinism, with particular attention paid to the signs and symptoms of loss of binocularity. The discussions cover stereoanomalies; brain damage and stereopsis; abnormal interocular transfer; binocularity and proprioception; and albinism.Less
Much can be learned about the visual system by studying clinical defects and abnormalities. This chapter reviews defects of depth perception that result from brain damage or genetic defects such as albinism, with particular attention paid to the signs and symptoms of loss of binocularity. The discussions cover stereoanomalies; brain damage and stereopsis; abnormal interocular transfer; binocularity and proprioception; and albinism.
Ian P. Howard
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199764143
- eISBN:
- 9780199949359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764143.003.0227
- Subject:
- Psychology, Vision, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter deals with the development of visual perception and auditory localization in human infants. It starts with a review of the development of general visual functions, including visual ...
More
This chapter deals with the development of visual perception and auditory localization in human infants. It starts with a review of the development of general visual functions, including visual acuity, sensitivity to orientation and motion, and the development of the visual fields. The development of accommodation and eye movements is then discussed, including the development of eye alignment, pursuit eye movements, saccadic eye movements, and vergence. The next three chapters deal with the development of depth perception, binocular vision, and stereoscopic vision. The chapter ends with a review of the development of auditory localization.Less
This chapter deals with the development of visual perception and auditory localization in human infants. It starts with a review of the development of general visual functions, including visual acuity, sensitivity to orientation and motion, and the development of the visual fields. The development of accommodation and eye movements is then discussed, including the development of eye alignment, pursuit eye movements, saccadic eye movements, and vergence. The next three chapters deal with the development of depth perception, binocular vision, and stereoscopic vision. The chapter ends with a review of the development of auditory localization.
Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195367607
- eISBN:
- 9780199867264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367607.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
Many psychophysical and analytic procedures have been used to investigate the visual perception of depth. This chapter provides a general introduction to these procedures. Topics discussed include ...
More
Many psychophysical and analytic procedures have been used to investigate the visual perception of depth. This chapter provides a general introduction to these procedures. Topics discussed include psychophysics; the applications of psychophysics; an analysis of linear and nonlinear systems; control theory; time series; Bayesian inference; and concepts of geometry.Less
Many psychophysical and analytic procedures have been used to investigate the visual perception of depth. This chapter provides a general introduction to these procedures. Topics discussed include psychophysics; the applications of psychophysics; an analysis of linear and nonlinear systems; control theory; time series; Bayesian inference; and concepts of geometry.
Ian P. Howard
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199764143
- eISBN:
- 9780199949359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764143.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Vision, Cognitive Psychology
This short chapter outlines the topics discussed in each of the three volumes. It introduces some basic terms, explains the indexes, and provides a list of general references on the subject of depth ...
More
This short chapter outlines the topics discussed in each of the three volumes. It introduces some basic terms, explains the indexes, and provides a list of general references on the subject of depth perception.Less
This short chapter outlines the topics discussed in each of the three volumes. It introduces some basic terms, explains the indexes, and provides a list of general references on the subject of depth perception.
Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195367607
- eISBN:
- 9780199867264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367607.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter discusses depth vision in animals other than cats and primates. These include invertebrates, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
This chapter discusses depth vision in animals other than cats and primates. These include invertebrates, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Alan Gilchrist
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195187168
- eISBN:
- 9780199786725
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187168.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
Prior to the 19th century one can find references to the problem of lightness and color constancy, but no sustained experimental program. Most notable in this regard are the insightful writings of ...
More
Prior to the 19th century one can find references to the problem of lightness and color constancy, but no sustained experimental program. Most notable in this regard are the insightful writings of the Arab scholar Alhazen, a writer of astonishing modernity, though he lived 1,000 years ago. This chapter chronicles the scientific development of lightness theory that has unfolded in the West during the classic period, when great thinkers such as Alhazen, Ernst Mach, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Ewald Hering defined the basic problem of lightness constancy and staked out opposing solutions. Helmholtz, Hering, and Mach had all observed the effects of depth on lightness, but none of them gave depth the central role it would later be given by the Gestaltists.Less
Prior to the 19th century one can find references to the problem of lightness and color constancy, but no sustained experimental program. Most notable in this regard are the insightful writings of the Arab scholar Alhazen, a writer of astonishing modernity, though he lived 1,000 years ago. This chapter chronicles the scientific development of lightness theory that has unfolded in the West during the classic period, when great thinkers such as Alhazen, Ernst Mach, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Ewald Hering defined the basic problem of lightness constancy and staked out opposing solutions. Helmholtz, Hering, and Mach had all observed the effects of depth on lightness, but none of them gave depth the central role it would later be given by the Gestaltists.
Janette Atkinson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198525998
- eISBN:
- 9780191712395
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525998.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter discusses research results, mainly from the author's research team, providing evidence for the first stages of the neurobiological model, showing sequential onset of different selective ...
More
This chapter discusses research results, mainly from the author's research team, providing evidence for the first stages of the neurobiological model, showing sequential onset of different selective channels in visual cortex. Colour processing is weak or absent at birth, but emerges in the first three months. The novel VEP method developed in the Visual Development Unit is described, showing the onset of cortical orientation selectivity, with related behavioural evidence for infants' orientation discrimination. For motion selectivity, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) shows an early subcortical directional mechanism, with characteristic monocular asymmetries. At two to three months, VEP evidence shows a cortical directional mechanism, which also contributes to symmetrical OKN. VEP and behavioural methods show cortical responses to binocular correlation and disparity, first appearing at three-four months. This is discussed in relation to vergence control, strabismus, stereo depth perception, and how the pre-binocular cortex may be organized.Less
This chapter discusses research results, mainly from the author's research team, providing evidence for the first stages of the neurobiological model, showing sequential onset of different selective channels in visual cortex. Colour processing is weak or absent at birth, but emerges in the first three months. The novel VEP method developed in the Visual Development Unit is described, showing the onset of cortical orientation selectivity, with related behavioural evidence for infants' orientation discrimination. For motion selectivity, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) shows an early subcortical directional mechanism, with characteristic monocular asymmetries. At two to three months, VEP evidence shows a cortical directional mechanism, which also contributes to symmetrical OKN. VEP and behavioural methods show cortical responses to binocular correlation and disparity, first appearing at three-four months. This is discussed in relation to vergence control, strabismus, stereo depth perception, and how the pre-binocular cortex may be organized.
Elizabeth Akins (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195084627
- eISBN:
- 9780199847167
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195084627.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science is an interdisciplinary series bringing together topics of interest to psychologists, philosophers, cognitive scientists, and linguists. Each volume is based on ...
More
Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science is an interdisciplinary series bringing together topics of interest to psychologists, philosophers, cognitive scientists, and linguists. Each volume is based on conferences organized at Simon Fraser University, with chapters added from nonparticipants to ensure balanced and adequate coverage from the topic under study. This fifth volume examines the role of perception in cognitive psychology in light of recent events. The book covers the problem of depth perception, the interaction of perception and memory, the perception of time, and principles of vision. Despite the wide scope of the intended topic, however, papers presented at the conference and solicited for this text all focus on fundamental questions about the nature of visual perception, specifically concerning the form and content of visual representations.Less
Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science is an interdisciplinary series bringing together topics of interest to psychologists, philosophers, cognitive scientists, and linguists. Each volume is based on conferences organized at Simon Fraser University, with chapters added from nonparticipants to ensure balanced and adequate coverage from the topic under study. This fifth volume examines the role of perception in cognitive psychology in light of recent events. The book covers the problem of depth perception, the interaction of perception and memory, the perception of time, and principles of vision. Despite the wide scope of the intended topic, however, papers presented at the conference and solicited for this text all focus on fundamental questions about the nature of visual perception, specifically concerning the form and content of visual representations.
Joël Fagot and Isabelle Barbet
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195377804
- eISBN:
- 9780199848461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377804.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter discusses the results of a series of experiments aimed at investigating visual-information processing in baboons. Two lines of ...
More
This chapter discusses the results of a series of experiments aimed at investigating visual-information processing in baboons. Two lines of research on baboons are presented in this chapter. The first one explores the processes of perceptual grouping. In comparison to humans when similarly tested, baboons barely group spatially separated elements into a single percept. The second one addresses the issue of depth perception. Baboons perceive depth when presented with pictorial depth cues, but the study also highlights human–baboon differences in the processing of occlusion cues as indicators of depth. A local precedence effect was observed in baboons, in contrast to humans, who showed a global precedence effect. Experiments further revealed that local precedence in baboons is a direct consequence of their difficulty in overcoming the separation between the local elements, a necessary process for perceiving the whole. Moreover, baboons perceive the corridor illusion, suggesting that they gain depth information from the pictorial cues available in the image background.Less
This chapter discusses the results of a series of experiments aimed at investigating visual-information processing in baboons. Two lines of research on baboons are presented in this chapter. The first one explores the processes of perceptual grouping. In comparison to humans when similarly tested, baboons barely group spatially separated elements into a single percept. The second one addresses the issue of depth perception. Baboons perceive depth when presented with pictorial depth cues, but the study also highlights human–baboon differences in the processing of occlusion cues as indicators of depth. A local precedence effect was observed in baboons, in contrast to humans, who showed a global precedence effect. Experiments further revealed that local precedence in baboons is a direct consequence of their difficulty in overcoming the separation between the local elements, a necessary process for perceiving the whole. Moreover, baboons perceive the corridor illusion, suggesting that they gain depth information from the pictorial cues available in the image background.
Galina V. Paramei and Wolfgang Jaschinski
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198525301
- eISBN:
- 9780191584947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525301.003.0018
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter addresses the question of whether vergence — an oculomotor component of binocular vision — is related to the variation of chromatic information in stimuli, thereby contributing to ...
More
This chapter addresses the question of whether vergence — an oculomotor component of binocular vision — is related to the variation of chromatic information in stimuli, thereby contributing to binocular ‘colour-and-depth’ perception. In particular, the chapter examined whether a near-vergence response elicited by a fusion stimulus would change when stimulus chromatic contrast is varied. The results show that chromatic contrast yields information for a distance cue in dichoptically presented stimuli, as indicated by a systematic increase of the vergence error with reducing contrast. Similarly, reducing luminae contrast results in increasing vergence error.Less
This chapter addresses the question of whether vergence — an oculomotor component of binocular vision — is related to the variation of chromatic information in stimuli, thereby contributing to binocular ‘colour-and-depth’ perception. In particular, the chapter examined whether a near-vergence response elicited by a fusion stimulus would change when stimulus chromatic contrast is varied. The results show that chromatic contrast yields information for a distance cue in dichoptically presented stimuli, as indicated by a systematic increase of the vergence error with reducing contrast. Similarly, reducing luminae contrast results in increasing vergence error.
Lenn E. Goodman and D. Gregory Caramenico
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226061061
- eISBN:
- 9780226061238
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226061238.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
Reductive accounts of the soul took root in ancient and early modern notions that perception is passive, ultimately a matter of mechanical impacts on our sense organs that somehow become signals, ...
More
Reductive accounts of the soul took root in ancient and early modern notions that perception is passive, ultimately a matter of mechanical impacts on our sense organs that somehow become signals, “sense-data,” as they were called in the last century, long construed as atomic, even unanalyzable. Yet close study of perception, physiologically and psychologically, reveals active work in the brain and our sense organs themselves in every perceptual experience: Even from the start we integrate, organize, relate, and interpret all that we encounter perceptually. The work of the Gestalt psychologists proves especially relevant here. But so does that of color theorists, linguists, artists and musicians, and the scientists who study olfaction, taste, and touch, depth perception – and the fascinating phenomena of synaesthesia, and our remarkable ability to follow the thread of a conversation, even in a noisy room. Color is not just light of a given wavelength; a tone or chord is not just a sequence of vibrations in the air. To be heard those vibrations must be worked with. To be seen wave patterns in the visible spectrum must be taken up and transformed. The synthetic work of the soul translates physical effects into experiences and ideas.Less
Reductive accounts of the soul took root in ancient and early modern notions that perception is passive, ultimately a matter of mechanical impacts on our sense organs that somehow become signals, “sense-data,” as they were called in the last century, long construed as atomic, even unanalyzable. Yet close study of perception, physiologically and psychologically, reveals active work in the brain and our sense organs themselves in every perceptual experience: Even from the start we integrate, organize, relate, and interpret all that we encounter perceptually. The work of the Gestalt psychologists proves especially relevant here. But so does that of color theorists, linguists, artists and musicians, and the scientists who study olfaction, taste, and touch, depth perception – and the fascinating phenomena of synaesthesia, and our remarkable ability to follow the thread of a conversation, even in a noisy room. Color is not just light of a given wavelength; a tone or chord is not just a sequence of vibrations in the air. To be heard those vibrations must be worked with. To be seen wave patterns in the visible spectrum must be taken up and transformed. The synthetic work of the soul translates physical effects into experiences and ideas.
