Francis G. Castles
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199270170
- eISBN:
- 9780191601514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199270171.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Examines the supposed threat to the future trajectory of social spending posed by population ageing. An initial focus is on the contrast between the sense of crisis characterizing popular and ...
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Examines the supposed threat to the future trajectory of social spending posed by population ageing. An initial focus is on the contrast between the sense of crisis characterizing popular and governmental accounts with the more measured analysis of demographers and economists. Later sections examine a variety of welfare state programmes for the old and show that expenditure trajectories are only marginallyinfluenced by demographic considerations, but that what really influences expenditure outcomes is the differential generosity of pension provision in different families of nations. Differential generosity is also shown to be a further factor influencing aggregate patterns of social expenditure.Less
Examines the supposed threat to the future trajectory of social spending posed by population ageing. An initial focus is on the contrast between the sense of crisis characterizing popular and governmental accounts with the more measured analysis of demographers and economists. Later sections examine a variety of welfare state programmes for the old and show that expenditure trajectories are only marginallyinfluenced by demographic considerations, but that what really influences expenditure outcomes is the differential generosity of pension provision in different families of nations. Differential generosity is also shown to be a further factor influencing aggregate patterns of social expenditure.
Gordon L. Clark
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253647
- eISBN:
- 9780191719752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253647.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Pensions and Pension Management
This chapter looks at research devoted to demographic trends and their economic, political, and social implications, emphasising its significance as well as the interaction between demographic trends ...
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This chapter looks at research devoted to demographic trends and their economic, political, and social implications, emphasising its significance as well as the interaction between demographic trends and global finance in Europe. It considers the recent comparative research on European pension systems, including the causes and consequences of early retirement for the fiscal health of the continent's social security systems. It argues that the principles of social solidarity remain very important in the European debate over national systems of retirement income and finance. It also raises questions about the proper role of markets in relation to social solidarity in regulating the provision of retirement income, noting the very different conceptions of risk allocation and risk management. Finally, the chapter discusses the Anglo-American model as an alternative to the past by offering a model of pension funding and economic development that has many desirable features given the growth of the new economy over the 1990s.Less
This chapter looks at research devoted to demographic trends and their economic, political, and social implications, emphasising its significance as well as the interaction between demographic trends and global finance in Europe. It considers the recent comparative research on European pension systems, including the causes and consequences of early retirement for the fiscal health of the continent's social security systems. It argues that the principles of social solidarity remain very important in the European debate over national systems of retirement income and finance. It also raises questions about the proper role of markets in relation to social solidarity in regulating the provision of retirement income, noting the very different conceptions of risk allocation and risk management. Finally, the chapter discusses the Anglo-American model as an alternative to the past by offering a model of pension funding and economic development that has many desirable features given the growth of the new economy over the 1990s.
Lawrence Stone and Jeanne C. Fawtier Stone
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206071
- eISBN:
- 9780191676963
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206071.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter explains that the tenure and preservation of a country seat was of paramount importance, since it represented the outward and visible symbol of family continuity. The transfer of seats ...
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This chapter explains that the tenure and preservation of a country seat was of paramount importance, since it represented the outward and visible symbol of family continuity. The transfer of seats by inheritance could take two forms: direct male inheritance from father to son or grandson and the indirect inheritance within the family, passing through the male or female lines to close or distant kin. Inheritance, the transmission at death of material property including seats, was usually controlled by laws, customs, or general principles concerning the respective rights of one male child, all male children, female children, and the widow of the deceased. A ‘seat’ was the contemporary word for a country house that is a place where one is seated, while the ‘house’ tended to mean lineage and kin. Increased mortality among adults during the demographic crisis also had a number of important social consequences. One was a reduction of the proportion of fathers who lived to see their sons married to less than half of those who left sons to survive them.Less
This chapter explains that the tenure and preservation of a country seat was of paramount importance, since it represented the outward and visible symbol of family continuity. The transfer of seats by inheritance could take two forms: direct male inheritance from father to son or grandson and the indirect inheritance within the family, passing through the male or female lines to close or distant kin. Inheritance, the transmission at death of material property including seats, was usually controlled by laws, customs, or general principles concerning the respective rights of one male child, all male children, female children, and the widow of the deceased. A ‘seat’ was the contemporary word for a country house that is a place where one is seated, while the ‘house’ tended to mean lineage and kin. Increased mortality among adults during the demographic crisis also had a number of important social consequences. One was a reduction of the proportion of fathers who lived to see their sons married to less than half of those who left sons to survive them.
Gordon L. Clark
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253647
- eISBN:
- 9780191719752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253647.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Pensions and Pension Management
Like France and Italy, Germany will be severely affected by an ageing population and the underfunding of social insurance and related retirement benefits. While there is considerable pride in Otto ...
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Like France and Italy, Germany will be severely affected by an ageing population and the underfunding of social insurance and related retirement benefits. While there is considerable pride in Otto von Bismarck's model of social solidarity and insurance, there is widespread debate about the proper response to the demographic crisis, including continuing conflict over the role and status of private pension privatisation. This chapter examines how and why financial transparency and comparability have become so significant, and the implications of such accountability for management power and private pension systems. The convergence of the United States, international, and European accounting standards is discussed, with emphasis on the underlying assumptions made by accounting professionals about the efficiency of global finance. The patterns of German corporate pension accounting in the DAX 30 index and non-DAX 30 companies are considered, along with pension liability and corporate finance, Germany's adoption of international accounting standards, corporate pension liabilities, and management discretion and retirement plans.Less
Like France and Italy, Germany will be severely affected by an ageing population and the underfunding of social insurance and related retirement benefits. While there is considerable pride in Otto von Bismarck's model of social solidarity and insurance, there is widespread debate about the proper response to the demographic crisis, including continuing conflict over the role and status of private pension privatisation. This chapter examines how and why financial transparency and comparability have become so significant, and the implications of such accountability for management power and private pension systems. The convergence of the United States, international, and European accounting standards is discussed, with emphasis on the underlying assumptions made by accounting professionals about the efficiency of global finance. The patterns of German corporate pension accounting in the DAX 30 index and non-DAX 30 companies are considered, along with pension liability and corporate finance, Germany's adoption of international accounting standards, corporate pension liabilities, and management discretion and retirement plans.
Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz, and Julian Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719072246
- eISBN:
- 9781781701317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719072246.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In contemporary Russia, official discourse on migration has focused on the portrayal of illegal migrant labour as an existential threat to the national economy. Speaking about the impact of illegal ...
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In contemporary Russia, official discourse on migration has focused on the portrayal of illegal migrant labour as an existential threat to the national economy. Speaking about the impact of illegal migrant labour on unemployment figures, President Vladimir Putin pointed to migration as one of the most serious problems facing the far east of Russia, where an influx of foreign workers, primarily Chinese, has been deemed responsible for pushing locals out of the labour market. Putin unequivocally asserted that the right to work must be guaranteed first of all to all Russian citizens. Another strand of Russian securitising discourse relating to migration exposes an explicit correlation of migration with crime in a broader context. There is one further aspect related to migration policy in Russia: the demographic crisis which the country is facing in the early decades of the twenty-first century. The main governmental institution in charge of implementing migration policy in contemporary Russia is the FMS. This chapter explores Russia's migration policy carried out in recent years within the framework of securitisation and normalisation.Less
In contemporary Russia, official discourse on migration has focused on the portrayal of illegal migrant labour as an existential threat to the national economy. Speaking about the impact of illegal migrant labour on unemployment figures, President Vladimir Putin pointed to migration as one of the most serious problems facing the far east of Russia, where an influx of foreign workers, primarily Chinese, has been deemed responsible for pushing locals out of the labour market. Putin unequivocally asserted that the right to work must be guaranteed first of all to all Russian citizens. Another strand of Russian securitising discourse relating to migration exposes an explicit correlation of migration with crime in a broader context. There is one further aspect related to migration policy in Russia: the demographic crisis which the country is facing in the early decades of the twenty-first century. The main governmental institution in charge of implementing migration policy in contemporary Russia is the FMS. This chapter explores Russia's migration policy carried out in recent years within the framework of securitisation and normalisation.
Anthony P. D’Costa
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198729433
- eISBN:
- 9780191796340
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198729433.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Development, Growth, and Environmental
South Korea’s development experience is well known. This chapter shifts the focus away from not how Korea did it but what does it need to do after achieving economic and industrial prosperity, ...
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South Korea’s development experience is well known. This chapter shifts the focus away from not how Korea did it but what does it need to do after achieving economic and industrial prosperity, democracy, and social modernity. This chapter argues that new challenges come with prosperity, and while Korea can learn from the experience of other OECD countries, there are also problems that must be understood on Korea’s terms. Given the limits of the home market and demographic crisis, this chapter underscores the importance of engaging with Asia, the new global center for economic dynamism. The chapter identifies three propositions, which Korea must tackle: regional involvement, trade and FDI for market and resource access in Asia, and accommodating foreigners.Less
South Korea’s development experience is well known. This chapter shifts the focus away from not how Korea did it but what does it need to do after achieving economic and industrial prosperity, democracy, and social modernity. This chapter argues that new challenges come with prosperity, and while Korea can learn from the experience of other OECD countries, there are also problems that must be understood on Korea’s terms. Given the limits of the home market and demographic crisis, this chapter underscores the importance of engaging with Asia, the new global center for economic dynamism. The chapter identifies three propositions, which Korea must tackle: regional involvement, trade and FDI for market and resource access in Asia, and accommodating foreigners.
