Alok Kumar and Sushanta K. Chatterjee
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198082279
- eISBN:
- 9780199082063
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198082279.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The evolution of the electricity industry in India has been supply oriented. Demand Side measures have been elaborated in detail in the Energy Conservation Act of 2001. The Energy Conservation ...
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The evolution of the electricity industry in India has been supply oriented. Demand Side measures have been elaborated in detail in the Energy Conservation Act of 2001. The Energy Conservation together with the Electricity Act, 2003 provides the relevant statutory framework in this regard. The chapter explains this framework and also goes on to elaborate policy provision in this regard. Regulatory initiatives taken so far in this context, have also been touched upon. The chapter concludes by highlighting the future prospects on the Demand side Management.Less
The evolution of the electricity industry in India has been supply oriented. Demand Side measures have been elaborated in detail in the Energy Conservation Act of 2001. The Energy Conservation together with the Electricity Act, 2003 provides the relevant statutory framework in this regard. The chapter explains this framework and also goes on to elaborate policy provision in this regard. Regulatory initiatives taken so far in this context, have also been touched upon. The chapter concludes by highlighting the future prospects on the Demand side Management.
Jayant Sathaye and Juliana Mandell
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804785259
- eISBN:
- 9780804788571
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785259.003.0013
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
In this chapter, we examine India’s stumbling block to green growth— energy supply. By establishing the comparison between India and China, both with similar energy demands, we argue that regulation ...
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In this chapter, we examine India’s stumbling block to green growth— energy supply. By establishing the comparison between India and China, both with similar energy demands, we argue that regulation and inefficient government action, exacerbated by limited resources and growing population, severely hampered India’s economic development. We further examine India’s energy industry by giving a detailed look of the electricity deficit and potential policy solutions. We conclude from recent studies and on-the-ground projects suggest that energy efficiency programs and renewable energy could potentially provide a means to address the deficit in absolute, disruptive, and geographical terms at a lower cost than business as usual strategies. Although India has rather insufficient fossil fuel reserves and rapidly expanding economy, these unique circumstances may offer India a chance and an incentive to explore and derive economic gain from a variety of green growth strategies.Less
In this chapter, we examine India’s stumbling block to green growth— energy supply. By establishing the comparison between India and China, both with similar energy demands, we argue that regulation and inefficient government action, exacerbated by limited resources and growing population, severely hampered India’s economic development. We further examine India’s energy industry by giving a detailed look of the electricity deficit and potential policy solutions. We conclude from recent studies and on-the-ground projects suggest that energy efficiency programs and renewable energy could potentially provide a means to address the deficit in absolute, disruptive, and geographical terms at a lower cost than business as usual strategies. Although India has rather insufficient fossil fuel reserves and rapidly expanding economy, these unique circumstances may offer India a chance and an incentive to explore and derive economic gain from a variety of green growth strategies.
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804784092
- eISBN:
- 9780804784641
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784092.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter reviews proposed reforms for the organ procurement system that fall short of donor compensation. In general, policies to reduce waiting lists within the existing procurement framework ...
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This chapter reviews proposed reforms for the organ procurement system that fall short of donor compensation. In general, policies to reduce waiting lists within the existing procurement framework fall into three categories. First, many efforts are aimed at influencing the behavior of potential or actual organ donors. Public service advertising, appeals to people's moral decency, and propaganda efforts fall into this category. A second type of program aims to increase the extent to which the existing pool of potential organ donors is realized. These programs, such as the Organ Donation Breakthrough Collaborative in the United States and the “Spanish model,” provide hospitals with both incentives to actively pursue donations and additional resources to support such efforts. A third category of possible reforms has received little attention so far: the effort to reduce the need for transplants—what economists might term “demand-side management.” For example, many individuals needing kidney transplants suffer either from poorly managed diabetes or untreated hypertension that can lead to organ damage. Programs that effectively treat these preconditions would almost surely be economically efficient when the costs of ongoing dialysis and transplantation are considered.Less
This chapter reviews proposed reforms for the organ procurement system that fall short of donor compensation. In general, policies to reduce waiting lists within the existing procurement framework fall into three categories. First, many efforts are aimed at influencing the behavior of potential or actual organ donors. Public service advertising, appeals to people's moral decency, and propaganda efforts fall into this category. A second type of program aims to increase the extent to which the existing pool of potential organ donors is realized. These programs, such as the Organ Donation Breakthrough Collaborative in the United States and the “Spanish model,” provide hospitals with both incentives to actively pursue donations and additional resources to support such efforts. A third category of possible reforms has received little attention so far: the effort to reduce the need for transplants—what economists might term “demand-side management.” For example, many individuals needing kidney transplants suffer either from poorly managed diabetes or untreated hypertension that can lead to organ damage. Programs that effectively treat these preconditions would almost surely be economically efficient when the costs of ongoing dialysis and transplantation are considered.
Francesco Caselli, Mário Centeno, and José Tavares (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198754688
- eISBN:
- 9780191816260
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198754688.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
This book reassesses the twin projects of structural reform and European integration in the wake of the Great Recession and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. A brief introduction compares the ...
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This book reassesses the twin projects of structural reform and European integration in the wake of the Great Recession and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. A brief introduction compares the pre-crises debate to the current situation, and highlights a number of ways in which both reform and further integration may have become more difficult, but also less complementary. The first chapter surveys the state of the structural-reform agenda, its successes, failures, and priorities for further action. The second chapter focuses on the fiscal-policy response to the crisis, advocating a greater balance between supply side reforms and demand side management. The third chapter focuses on the asymmetric shocks across economies in the monetary union, and discusses institutional mechanisms to reduce their frequency and impact. Chapter 4 examines the cyclical behaviour of output and financial indicators, as well as the counter-cyclical role of macro-financial policies, both at the national and the European level. The fifth chapter studies changes in Europeans’ attitudes, showing how the recent crises eroded public confidence in European institutions. The sixth chapter tackles the demographic challenges facing Europe, and particularly the way that demographic change may impact the reform agenda. Chapter 7 highlights the under-appreciated extent to which ‘Europe,’ taken as a whole, is characterized by a substantial amount of inequality and geographical income clustering, and the challenge these facts pose for further integration.Less
This book reassesses the twin projects of structural reform and European integration in the wake of the Great Recession and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. A brief introduction compares the pre-crises debate to the current situation, and highlights a number of ways in which both reform and further integration may have become more difficult, but also less complementary. The first chapter surveys the state of the structural-reform agenda, its successes, failures, and priorities for further action. The second chapter focuses on the fiscal-policy response to the crisis, advocating a greater balance between supply side reforms and demand side management. The third chapter focuses on the asymmetric shocks across economies in the monetary union, and discusses institutional mechanisms to reduce their frequency and impact. Chapter 4 examines the cyclical behaviour of output and financial indicators, as well as the counter-cyclical role of macro-financial policies, both at the national and the European level. The fifth chapter studies changes in Europeans’ attitudes, showing how the recent crises eroded public confidence in European institutions. The sixth chapter tackles the demographic challenges facing Europe, and particularly the way that demographic change may impact the reform agenda. Chapter 7 highlights the under-appreciated extent to which ‘Europe,’ taken as a whole, is characterized by a substantial amount of inequality and geographical income clustering, and the challenge these facts pose for further integration.
Mark Huberty, Nina Kelsey, and John Zysman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804785259
- eISBN:
- 9780804788571
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785259.003.0014
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
If climate policy requires coalitions that only green growth can bring together; but green growth requires policy experimentation; then where does support for experimentation come from, and how can ...
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If climate policy requires coalitions that only green growth can bring together; but green growth requires policy experimentation; then where does support for experimentation come from, and how can states make progress? This book has argued for a “green spiral” approach that structures near-term policy to address immediate problems, while experimenting with solutions for long-term progress. This has a variety of consequences. International agreements on climate change may reflect national successes in green growth, rather than act as a catalyst for action. National policy may prove very vulnerable to sudden shifts, which alter the constraints on the adoption of low-emissions energy. Regardless, the sustained, permanent, and timely transformation of modern energy systems must generate economic gains to both compensate its losers and reward and incentivize its winners. Discovery of where and how we will find those gains remains a great challenge.Less
If climate policy requires coalitions that only green growth can bring together; but green growth requires policy experimentation; then where does support for experimentation come from, and how can states make progress? This book has argued for a “green spiral” approach that structures near-term policy to address immediate problems, while experimenting with solutions for long-term progress. This has a variety of consequences. International agreements on climate change may reflect national successes in green growth, rather than act as a catalyst for action. National policy may prove very vulnerable to sudden shifts, which alter the constraints on the adoption of low-emissions energy. Regardless, the sustained, permanent, and timely transformation of modern energy systems must generate economic gains to both compensate its losers and reward and incentivize its winners. Discovery of where and how we will find those gains remains a great challenge.
David W. Orr
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195393538
- eISBN:
- 9780197562789
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195393538.003.0016
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Meteorology and Climatology
As I write, the president-elect and his advisors are pondering what to do about climate change amidst the largest and deepest economic crisis since the ...
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As I write, the president-elect and his advisors are pondering what to do about climate change amidst the largest and deepest economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Their first round of decisions will have been made by the time you read this book. But whatever policy emerges in the form of cap and trade legislation, taxation, and new regulations on carbon, they are only the first steps, and they will quickly prove to be inadequate to deal with a deteriorating biophysical situation. Emerging climate realities will drive this or the next president, probably sooner rather than later, to more comprehensive measures—as a matter of national and global survival. The problem for President Obama presently is that we are running two deficits with very different time scales, dynamics, and politics. The first, which gets most of our attention, is short-term and has to do with money, credit, and how we create and account for wealth, which is to say a matter of economics. However difficult, it is probably repairable in a matter of a few years. The second is ecological. It is permanent, in significant ways irreparable, and potentially fatal to civilization. The economy, as Herman Daly has pointed out for decades, is a subsystem of the biosphere, not the other way around. Accordingly, there are shortterm solutions to the first deficit that might work for a while, but they will not restore longer-term ecological solvency and will likely make it worse. The fact is that climate destabilization is a steadily—perhaps rapidly—worsening condition with which we will have to contend for a long time to come. University of Chicago geophysicist David Archer puts it this way: . . .a 2°C warming of the global average is often considered to be a sort of danger limit benchmark. Two degrees C was chosen as a value to at least talk about, because it would be warmer than the Earth has been in millions of years. Because of the long lifetime of CO2 in the atmosphere, 2°C of warming at the atmospheric CO2 peak would settle down to a bit less than 1°C, and remain so for thousands of years (Archer, 2009, pp. 146–147).
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As I write, the president-elect and his advisors are pondering what to do about climate change amidst the largest and deepest economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Their first round of decisions will have been made by the time you read this book. But whatever policy emerges in the form of cap and trade legislation, taxation, and new regulations on carbon, they are only the first steps, and they will quickly prove to be inadequate to deal with a deteriorating biophysical situation. Emerging climate realities will drive this or the next president, probably sooner rather than later, to more comprehensive measures—as a matter of national and global survival. The problem for President Obama presently is that we are running two deficits with very different time scales, dynamics, and politics. The first, which gets most of our attention, is short-term and has to do with money, credit, and how we create and account for wealth, which is to say a matter of economics. However difficult, it is probably repairable in a matter of a few years. The second is ecological. It is permanent, in significant ways irreparable, and potentially fatal to civilization. The economy, as Herman Daly has pointed out for decades, is a subsystem of the biosphere, not the other way around. Accordingly, there are shortterm solutions to the first deficit that might work for a while, but they will not restore longer-term ecological solvency and will likely make it worse. The fact is that climate destabilization is a steadily—perhaps rapidly—worsening condition with which we will have to contend for a long time to come. University of Chicago geophysicist David Archer puts it this way: . . .a 2°C warming of the global average is often considered to be a sort of danger limit benchmark. Two degrees C was chosen as a value to at least talk about, because it would be warmer than the Earth has been in millions of years. Because of the long lifetime of CO2 in the atmosphere, 2°C of warming at the atmospheric CO2 peak would settle down to a bit less than 1°C, and remain so for thousands of years (Archer, 2009, pp. 146–147).
