Stephen Kunitz
- Published in print:
- 1983
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520049260
- eISBN:
- 9780520909649
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520049260.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This book raises issues for public policy in the medical field. It is based on data accumulated during long-term research on Navajo Indian epidemiology. Through examination of this medical microcosm, ...
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This book raises issues for public policy in the medical field. It is based on data accumulated during long-term research on Navajo Indian epidemiology. Through examination of this medical microcosm, it can be seen that the role of Western medicine presently needs review, clarification, and perhaps redefinition in today's complex social milieu. This book sees a future challenge to medicine in dealing with the degenerative and man-made diseases, as contrasted with its past successes in controlling infectious diseases. The wealth of information and its in-depth analysis make this book a valuable contribution to the growing literature on cross-cultural healthcare.Less
This book raises issues for public policy in the medical field. It is based on data accumulated during long-term research on Navajo Indian epidemiology. Through examination of this medical microcosm, it can be seen that the role of Western medicine presently needs review, clarification, and perhaps redefinition in today's complex social milieu. This book sees a future challenge to medicine in dealing with the degenerative and man-made diseases, as contrasted with its past successes in controlling infectious diseases. The wealth of information and its in-depth analysis make this book a valuable contribution to the growing literature on cross-cultural healthcare.
Denis J. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199207145
- eISBN:
- 9780191708893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207145.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
Although agriculture acted as a spur to many aspects of social and technological development, increasing reliance on a narrow range of food crops had many downsides that sometimes caused people to ...
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Although agriculture acted as a spur to many aspects of social and technological development, increasing reliance on a narrow range of food crops had many downsides that sometimes caused people to revert to hunter gathering. The restricted nutrient content of some crops, especially cereals, led to a reduction in human stature and an increase in degenerative diseases. People adapted both behaviourally and genetically to their increasing reliance on crops and livestock. Genetic changes in various populations included reduced maxillo-facial structures, lactose tolerance, malarial resistance, and partial resistance to zoonoses. Although many of these changes had an adverse impact on human wellbeing at the individual level, the greater size and techno-social complexity of agrarian based societies enabled them to out-compete hunter-gatherers. Despite their superior individual fitness, hunter-gatherers were fewer in number, less well organized, and lacked access to new technologies developed by their sicklier but formidably equipped agrarian neighbours.Less
Although agriculture acted as a spur to many aspects of social and technological development, increasing reliance on a narrow range of food crops had many downsides that sometimes caused people to revert to hunter gathering. The restricted nutrient content of some crops, especially cereals, led to a reduction in human stature and an increase in degenerative diseases. People adapted both behaviourally and genetically to their increasing reliance on crops and livestock. Genetic changes in various populations included reduced maxillo-facial structures, lactose tolerance, malarial resistance, and partial resistance to zoonoses. Although many of these changes had an adverse impact on human wellbeing at the individual level, the greater size and techno-social complexity of agrarian based societies enabled them to out-compete hunter-gatherers. Despite their superior individual fitness, hunter-gatherers were fewer in number, less well organized, and lacked access to new technologies developed by their sicklier but formidably equipped agrarian neighbours.
Kenneth Maiese (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326697
- eISBN:
- 9780199864874
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326697.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
Disorders of the nervous and vascular systems continue to burden the planet's population not only with increasing morbidity and mortality, but also with a significant financial drain through ...
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Disorders of the nervous and vascular systems continue to burden the planet's population not only with increasing morbidity and mortality, but also with a significant financial drain through increasing medical care costs coupled to a progressive loss in economic productivity. For example, more than 500 million individuals suffer from nervous and vascular system disorders in the world that comprise both acute and chronic degenerative diseases such as hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. Given the vulnerability of the nervous and vascular systems, identifying the cellular pathways that determine cellular function, injury, and longevity may significantly assist in the development of therapeutic strategies to either prevent or at least reduce disability from crippling degenerative disorders. This book is intended to offer unique insights into the cellular and molecular pathways that can govern neuronal, vascular, and inflammatory cell function and provide a platform for investigative perspectives that employ novel “bench to bedside” strategies from internationally recognized scientific leaders. In light of the significant and multifaceted role played by neuronal, vascular, and inflammatory cells during degenerative disorders, novel studies that elucidate the role of these cells may greatly further our understanding of disease mechanisms for the development of targeted treatments for a wide spectrum of diseases. This book lays the course for the continued progression of innovative investigations and especially those that examine previously unexplored pathways of cell biology with new avenues of study for the maintenance of healthy aging and extended cellular longevity.Less
Disorders of the nervous and vascular systems continue to burden the planet's population not only with increasing morbidity and mortality, but also with a significant financial drain through increasing medical care costs coupled to a progressive loss in economic productivity. For example, more than 500 million individuals suffer from nervous and vascular system disorders in the world that comprise both acute and chronic degenerative diseases such as hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. Given the vulnerability of the nervous and vascular systems, identifying the cellular pathways that determine cellular function, injury, and longevity may significantly assist in the development of therapeutic strategies to either prevent or at least reduce disability from crippling degenerative disorders. This book is intended to offer unique insights into the cellular and molecular pathways that can govern neuronal, vascular, and inflammatory cell function and provide a platform for investigative perspectives that employ novel “bench to bedside” strategies from internationally recognized scientific leaders. In light of the significant and multifaceted role played by neuronal, vascular, and inflammatory cells during degenerative disorders, novel studies that elucidate the role of these cells may greatly further our understanding of disease mechanisms for the development of targeted treatments for a wide spectrum of diseases. This book lays the course for the continued progression of innovative investigations and especially those that examine previously unexplored pathways of cell biology with new avenues of study for the maintenance of healthy aging and extended cellular longevity.
Michelle L. Machicek
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044279
- eISBN:
- 9780813046266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044279.003.0010
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
We investigated degenerative joint disease (DJD) in Iron Age Mongolian and Inner Mongolian (ca. 3rd century BC to 2nd century AD) samples, as well as oral and physiological health in a later Mongol ...
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We investigated degenerative joint disease (DJD) in Iron Age Mongolian and Inner Mongolian (ca. 3rd century BC to 2nd century AD) samples, as well as oral and physiological health in a later Mongol Period (13th century AD) sample. Results indicate higher levels of DJD in the Inner Mongolian sample, which may be best explained in terms of social status and associated workloads: the Mongolian sample has a higher proportion of elites in comparison to the Inner Mongolian sample. In terms of oral health, it was found that caries was absent in the Mongol Period, although reasonably high rates of antemortem tooth loss and abscessing occurred while calculus was very common. In terms of stress, linear enamel hypoplasia affected a third of the sample, and one case of congenital syphilis was noted.Less
We investigated degenerative joint disease (DJD) in Iron Age Mongolian and Inner Mongolian (ca. 3rd century BC to 2nd century AD) samples, as well as oral and physiological health in a later Mongol Period (13th century AD) sample. Results indicate higher levels of DJD in the Inner Mongolian sample, which may be best explained in terms of social status and associated workloads: the Mongolian sample has a higher proportion of elites in comparison to the Inner Mongolian sample. In terms of oral health, it was found that caries was absent in the Mongol Period, although reasonably high rates of antemortem tooth loss and abscessing occurred while calculus was very common. In terms of stress, linear enamel hypoplasia affected a third of the sample, and one case of congenital syphilis was noted.
James L. Hallenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195165784
- eISBN:
- 9780199999897
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195165784.003.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Pain Management and Palliative Pharmacology
This chapter examines the issues of death and dying in the U.S. It explains that how people get sick today and how society responds to sickness has changed dramatically. While significant differences ...
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This chapter examines the issues of death and dying in the U.S. It explains that how people get sick today and how society responds to sickness has changed dramatically. While significant differences remain between developed and developing countries in terms of causes of death, the trend seems irreversible: illnesses and deaths associated with infectious and parasitic causes are on the wane, and chronic, degenerative illnesses such as cancer and dementia are increasing.Less
This chapter examines the issues of death and dying in the U.S. It explains that how people get sick today and how society responds to sickness has changed dramatically. While significant differences remain between developed and developing countries in terms of causes of death, the trend seems irreversible: illnesses and deaths associated with infectious and parasitic causes are on the wane, and chronic, degenerative illnesses such as cancer and dementia are increasing.
Jennifer M. Hootman and Kenneth E. Powell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195183009
- eISBN:
- 9780199865116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183009.003.0014
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses the potential adverse events associated with increased activity, focusing on population-based studies of sports and recreation injuries from around the world. Examples from ...
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This chapter discusses the potential adverse events associated with increased activity, focusing on population-based studies of sports and recreation injuries from around the world. Examples from studies of competitive athletes or military recruits are used to illustrate select concepts. The chapter covers the epidemiology of sports- and recreation-related injury. It discusses the dose-response relationship between physical activity and activity-related injuries, focusing on the issues surrounding measurement and definitions used in epidemiologic studies of physical activity and injury.Less
This chapter discusses the potential adverse events associated with increased activity, focusing on population-based studies of sports and recreation injuries from around the world. Examples from studies of competitive athletes or military recruits are used to illustrate select concepts. The chapter covers the epidemiology of sports- and recreation-related injury. It discusses the dose-response relationship between physical activity and activity-related injuries, focusing on the issues surrounding measurement and definitions used in epidemiologic studies of physical activity and injury.
Kimberly A. McCord
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190467760
- eISBN:
- 9780190467807
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190467760.003.0011
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
Orthopedic or physical disabilities include neuromotor impairments, degenerative diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders. Physical disabilities can be difficult for most universities to accommodate ...
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Orthopedic or physical disabilities include neuromotor impairments, degenerative diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders. Physical disabilities can be difficult for most universities to accommodate since they require modifications to facilities. Many students require part of full-time assistants. With a range of abilities, schools of music will likely have students with mild physical disabilities in their programs and depending on the support services at the university, may also have students with more involved severe physical disabilities. The most important principle to remember is accessibility and ways to make learning spaces inviting for a range of abilities.Less
Orthopedic or physical disabilities include neuromotor impairments, degenerative diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders. Physical disabilities can be difficult for most universities to accommodate since they require modifications to facilities. Many students require part of full-time assistants. With a range of abilities, schools of music will likely have students with mild physical disabilities in their programs and depending on the support services at the university, may also have students with more involved severe physical disabilities. The most important principle to remember is accessibility and ways to make learning spaces inviting for a range of abilities.
Alessandro Sale, Laura Baroncelli, Maria Spolidoro, and Lamberto Maffei
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262015233
- eISBN:
- 9780262295444
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015233.003.0002
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter discusses the influences of environmental enrichment (EE) on the brain. It gives an example of cross-modal plasticity by which an increased input in a single modality reverberates as a ...
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This chapter discusses the influences of environmental enrichment (EE) on the brain. It gives an example of cross-modal plasticity by which an increased input in a single modality reverberates as a driving force for the whole brain. It shows that EE could affect the synaptic remodeling of visual cortical pyramidal neurons. This chapter reveals that the restoration of neural plasticity by EE in adulthood has a multifactorial molecular substrate, with a reduced intracortical inhibition and an enhanced neurotrophin expression. It suggests that EE emerges as an elective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of developmental disorders and degenerative diseases in which neuronal plasticity is compromised.Less
This chapter discusses the influences of environmental enrichment (EE) on the brain. It gives an example of cross-modal plasticity by which an increased input in a single modality reverberates as a driving force for the whole brain. It shows that EE could affect the synaptic remodeling of visual cortical pyramidal neurons. This chapter reveals that the restoration of neural plasticity by EE in adulthood has a multifactorial molecular substrate, with a reduced intracortical inhibition and an enhanced neurotrophin expression. It suggests that EE emerges as an elective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of developmental disorders and degenerative diseases in which neuronal plasticity is compromised.
