Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0010
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses the factors to consider in taking children to funerals, describing the case of Naomi, who decided to take all her daughters to the funeral of her grandmother. It suggests that ...
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This chapter discusses the factors to consider in taking children to funerals, describing the case of Naomi, who decided to take all her daughters to the funeral of her grandmother. It suggests that it is important to take children to funerals and not to send them to school or kindergarten during the formal mourning period. The chapter also highlights the importance of explaining to children what they are expected to do at the funeral or formal mourning rituals.Less
This chapter discusses the factors to consider in taking children to funerals, describing the case of Naomi, who decided to take all her daughters to the funeral of her grandmother. It suggests that it is important to take children to funerals and not to send them to school or kindergarten during the formal mourning period. The chapter also highlights the importance of explaining to children what they are expected to do at the funeral or formal mourning rituals.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0014
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter describes the author's experience in counselling a couple, Judith and Alan, whose daughter was diagnosed with a fatal respiratory disease. Based on his previous experience, the author ...
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This chapter describes the author's experience in counselling a couple, Judith and Alan, whose daughter was diagnosed with a fatal respiratory disease. Based on his previous experience, the author decided to tell the couple about their child's condition in order to give them the opportunity to prepare for the burial and to be the last to touch their child's body. The chapter explains that when giving someone difficult information it is important to first ask the person's permission so that he can prepare himself or herself for the bad news.Less
This chapter describes the author's experience in counselling a couple, Judith and Alan, whose daughter was diagnosed with a fatal respiratory disease. Based on his previous experience, the author decided to tell the couple about their child's condition in order to give them the opportunity to prepare for the burial and to be the last to touch their child's body. The chapter explains that when giving someone difficult information it is important to first ask the person's permission so that he can prepare himself or herself for the bad news.
Michelle Ratpan
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199652501
- eISBN:
- 9780191739217
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199652501.003.0021
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter describes the preference of sons over daughters in northern India. This preference results in the deliberate neglect of girls causing their eventual death from disease and/or ...
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This chapter describes the preference of sons over daughters in northern India. This preference results in the deliberate neglect of girls causing their eventual death from disease and/or malnutrition. The justifications for this practice are largely based on community and religious values that support discriminatory attitudes and behaviour. To date, various local, national, and international remedies have been suggested to combat this problem. Despite the implementation of local programmes, passing of national laws, and the ratification of international treaties, empirically, the ratio of girl children to boys in northern India continues to decline. The chapter suggests that it is time for a reframing of the issue of ‘son preference’. The focus in both national and international legal discourse needs to move towards an agreement on what constitutes the universal children's right to equal treatment and equal access to available health services. The chapter examines how India may reduce the practice of ‘son preference’ through a commitment to achieving the Millennium Development Goals, particularly goals one to four. In doing so, the Indian Government may successfully take the focus away from attempting to change a negative social practice, towards achieving a positive social outcome.Less
This chapter describes the preference of sons over daughters in northern India. This preference results in the deliberate neglect of girls causing their eventual death from disease and/or malnutrition. The justifications for this practice are largely based on community and religious values that support discriminatory attitudes and behaviour. To date, various local, national, and international remedies have been suggested to combat this problem. Despite the implementation of local programmes, passing of national laws, and the ratification of international treaties, empirically, the ratio of girl children to boys in northern India continues to decline. The chapter suggests that it is time for a reframing of the issue of ‘son preference’. The focus in both national and international legal discourse needs to move towards an agreement on what constitutes the universal children's right to equal treatment and equal access to available health services. The chapter examines how India may reduce the practice of ‘son preference’ through a commitment to achieving the Millennium Development Goals, particularly goals one to four. In doing so, the Indian Government may successfully take the focus away from attempting to change a negative social practice, towards achieving a positive social outcome.
John L. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195137361
- eISBN:
- 9780199834730
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195137361.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Passages in the Old Testament that tell of violence against women have received intense scrutiny from feminist biblical critics, who have also decried the way these women's terrifying stories have ...
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Passages in the Old Testament that tell of violence against women have received intense scrutiny from feminist biblical critics, who have also decried the way these women's terrifying stories have been neglected or discounted over the centuries. But how did these women and their stories really fare at the hands of traditional, “precritical” interpreters? This book examines scores of biblical commentaries from the Judeo‐Christian tradition, ranging from Philo and patristic authors, through medieval and rabbinic interpreters, to the Protestant Reformers and other commentators of the sixteenth century. Specific narratives examined include the story of the exile of Hagar (Genesis 16 and 21, Galatians 4), the sacrifice of Jephthah's daughter (Judges 11), the gang rape of the Levite's concubine (Judges 19–21), and Lot's offer of his daughters to the men of Sodom (Genesis 19). A detailed examination of the history of interpretation sets forth the diverse agendas that these biblical stories served and makes clear that many precritical interpreters struggled intensely with these texts, with the injury to these women, and even with the apparent divine cruelty that allowed such tragic outcomes. The book concludes that these stories and these women were by no means neglected by premodern biblical commentators, and that there is a remarkable coincidence of interest shared by feminist interpreters and their traditional, precritical counterparts.Less
Passages in the Old Testament that tell of violence against women have received intense scrutiny from feminist biblical critics, who have also decried the way these women's terrifying stories have been neglected or discounted over the centuries. But how did these women and their stories really fare at the hands of traditional, “precritical” interpreters? This book examines scores of biblical commentaries from the Judeo‐Christian tradition, ranging from Philo and patristic authors, through medieval and rabbinic interpreters, to the Protestant Reformers and other commentators of the sixteenth century. Specific narratives examined include the story of the exile of Hagar (Genesis 16 and 21, Galatians 4), the sacrifice of Jephthah's daughter (Judges 11), the gang rape of the Levite's concubine (Judges 19–21), and Lot's offer of his daughters to the men of Sodom (Genesis 19). A detailed examination of the history of interpretation sets forth the diverse agendas that these biblical stories served and makes clear that many precritical interpreters struggled intensely with these texts, with the injury to these women, and even with the apparent divine cruelty that allowed such tragic outcomes. The book concludes that these stories and these women were by no means neglected by premodern biblical commentators, and that there is a remarkable coincidence of interest shared by feminist interpreters and their traditional, precritical counterparts.
Joshua A. Berman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374704
- eISBN:
- 9780199871438
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374704.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism, Biblical Studies
Scholars of the rise of the novel in 18th century England have noted that the evolution of the genre of the novel in place of the drama or the epic poem, reflects Enlightenment thinking about nature, ...
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Scholars of the rise of the novel in 18th century England have noted that the evolution of the genre of the novel in place of the drama or the epic poem, reflects Enlightenment thinking about nature, about the individual, and about class differences. The novel emerges as a vehicle in which new literary techniques are developed that both reflected and in turn further spurred these humanist impulses. This development serves as a heuristic prism for the final chapter, which demonstrates how biblical narrative adapted and advanced modes of storytelling in the ancient Near East to better convey its egalitarian agenda. This occurs on the level of content: the Pentateuch's stories place the entire nation at center stage—as opposed to some divinely elected monarch—in a way not evinced anywhere else in the ancient Near East. But biblical narrative also advances the egalitarian agenda in a more subtle way—through the rhetorical tools it employs, the mechanics of storytelling. Even as covenant addresses the entire nation, it essentially challenges each member of the polity to strive for moral and spiritual excellence. The Pentateuch's stories—much like its sermons and law codes—essentially address each member of the polity. The poetics employed by biblical narrative place a premium on complex characterization and on highlighting the dilemmas and trials faced by its protagonists. From the story of the Garden of Eden through the challenges of leadership faced by Moses, biblical narrative emerges as an educational tool well‐suited to instructing the members of the polity, as each of them faces the challenges of jealousy, of temptation, of rising above self‐interest, of heeding God's word. To demonstrate how biblical narrative technique reflects and serves a covenant theology, this chapter compares the biblical account of the rescue of baby Moses (Exod 2:1–10) by Pharaoh's Daughter and the legend of the rescue of Sargon of Akkad as an infant. The two accounts are strikingly similar, and yet it is precisely on the score of characterization and highlighting the moral choices faced that the Bible's refinement of rhetorical tools emerges.Less
Scholars of the rise of the novel in 18th century England have noted that the evolution of the genre of the novel in place of the drama or the epic poem, reflects Enlightenment thinking about nature, about the individual, and about class differences. The novel emerges as a vehicle in which new literary techniques are developed that both reflected and in turn further spurred these humanist impulses. This development serves as a heuristic prism for the final chapter, which demonstrates how biblical narrative adapted and advanced modes of storytelling in the ancient Near East to better convey its egalitarian agenda. This occurs on the level of content: the Pentateuch's stories place the entire nation at center stage—as opposed to some divinely elected monarch—in a way not evinced anywhere else in the ancient Near East. But biblical narrative also advances the egalitarian agenda in a more subtle way—through the rhetorical tools it employs, the mechanics of storytelling. Even as covenant addresses the entire nation, it essentially challenges each member of the polity to strive for moral and spiritual excellence. The Pentateuch's stories—much like its sermons and law codes—essentially address each member of the polity. The poetics employed by biblical narrative place a premium on complex characterization and on highlighting the dilemmas and trials faced by its protagonists. From the story of the Garden of Eden through the challenges of leadership faced by Moses, biblical narrative emerges as an educational tool well‐suited to instructing the members of the polity, as each of them faces the challenges of jealousy, of temptation, of rising above self‐interest, of heeding God's word. To demonstrate how biblical narrative technique reflects and serves a covenant theology, this chapter compares the biblical account of the rescue of baby Moses (Exod 2:1–10) by Pharaoh's Daughter and the legend of the rescue of Sargon of Akkad as an infant. The two accounts are strikingly similar, and yet it is precisely on the score of characterization and highlighting the moral choices faced that the Bible's refinement of rhetorical tools emerges.
Thomas Späth
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199582570
- eISBN:
- 9780191595271
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199582570.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
A fair number of Cicero's letters reveal his concern for his daughter Tullia and his son Marcus. Recent scholarship has read these letters as evidence for a ‘natural’ emotional attachment of a father ...
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A fair number of Cicero's letters reveal his concern for his daughter Tullia and his son Marcus. Recent scholarship has read these letters as evidence for a ‘natural’ emotional attachment of a father to his children, in reaction to Philippe Ariès's opposite claim. This chapter considers whether Cicero's letters can be analysed only as expressions of paternal affection. The fact that the pater familias Cicero occupies a political position simultaneously in his nuclear family, his domus, and the Senate, results in a concern for his prestige within the social field of the aristocracy. And this concern is necessarily conferred upon his support of the education and the social and political career of his children. The chapter traces the gender-specific differences between Cicero's treatment of Tullia and Marcus, shows the social construction of parental affection, and contributes to a further understanding of the different functions of daughters and sons in the social force field of family memory.Less
A fair number of Cicero's letters reveal his concern for his daughter Tullia and his son Marcus. Recent scholarship has read these letters as evidence for a ‘natural’ emotional attachment of a father to his children, in reaction to Philippe Ariès's opposite claim. This chapter considers whether Cicero's letters can be analysed only as expressions of paternal affection. The fact that the pater familias Cicero occupies a political position simultaneously in his nuclear family, his domus, and the Senate, results in a concern for his prestige within the social field of the aristocracy. And this concern is necessarily conferred upon his support of the education and the social and political career of his children. The chapter traces the gender-specific differences between Cicero's treatment of Tullia and Marcus, shows the social construction of parental affection, and contributes to a further understanding of the different functions of daughters and sons in the social force field of family memory.
Steven Huebner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195189544
- eISBN:
- 9780199868476
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189544.003.0028
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter focuses on Gustave Charpentier's opera, Louise. It is argued that Louise was in many ways consonant with Charpentier's project of creating art readable by the masses. His very points ...
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This chapter focuses on Gustave Charpentier's opera, Louise. It is argued that Louise was in many ways consonant with Charpentier's project of creating art readable by the masses. His very points were that father—daughter tensions can be played out in all classes of society, that myth does not bypass the urban poor, that working-class argot could be a viable operatic discourse, and that anarchist rhetoric was critically evaluated among the lower classes.Less
This chapter focuses on Gustave Charpentier's opera, Louise. It is argued that Louise was in many ways consonant with Charpentier's project of creating art readable by the masses. His very points were that father—daughter tensions can be played out in all classes of society, that myth does not bypass the urban poor, that working-class argot could be a viable operatic discourse, and that anarchist rhetoric was critically evaluated among the lower classes.
Elleke Boehmer
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719068782
- eISBN:
- 9781781701898
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719068782.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
Why is the nation in a post-colonial world so often seen as a motherland? This study explores the relationship between gender icons and foundational fictions of the nation in different post-colonial ...
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Why is the nation in a post-colonial world so often seen as a motherland? This study explores the relationship between gender icons and foundational fictions of the nation in different post-colonial spaces. The author's work on the intersections between independence, nationalism and gender has already proved canonical in the field. This book combines her keynote essays on the mother figure and the post-colonial nation with new work on male autobiography, ‘daughter’ writers, the colonial body, the trauma of the post-colony and the nation in a transnational context. Focusing on Africa as well as South Asia, and sexuality as well as gender, the author offers close readings of writers ranging from Chinua Achebe, Ben Okri and Nelson Mandela to Arundhati Roy and Yvonne Vera, shaping these into a critical engagement with theorists of the nation such as Fredric Jameson and Partha Chatterjee. Moving beyond cynical deconstructions of the post-colony, the book mounts a reassessment of the post-colonial nation as a site of potential empowerment, as a ‘paradoxical refuge’ in a globalised world. It acts on its own impassioned argument that post-colonial and nation-state studies address substantively issues hitherto raised chiefly within international feminism.Less
Why is the nation in a post-colonial world so often seen as a motherland? This study explores the relationship between gender icons and foundational fictions of the nation in different post-colonial spaces. The author's work on the intersections between independence, nationalism and gender has already proved canonical in the field. This book combines her keynote essays on the mother figure and the post-colonial nation with new work on male autobiography, ‘daughter’ writers, the colonial body, the trauma of the post-colony and the nation in a transnational context. Focusing on Africa as well as South Asia, and sexuality as well as gender, the author offers close readings of writers ranging from Chinua Achebe, Ben Okri and Nelson Mandela to Arundhati Roy and Yvonne Vera, shaping these into a critical engagement with theorists of the nation such as Fredric Jameson and Partha Chatterjee. Moving beyond cynical deconstructions of the post-colony, the book mounts a reassessment of the post-colonial nation as a site of potential empowerment, as a ‘paradoxical refuge’ in a globalised world. It acts on its own impassioned argument that post-colonial and nation-state studies address substantively issues hitherto raised chiefly within international feminism.
Ibrahim Muhawi
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520062924
- eISBN:
- 9780520908734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520062924.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter presents a Palestinian folktale that focuses on the relationship between mother and daughter. The opening episode demonstrates the importance of having children (a major theme in the ...
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This chapter presents a Palestinian folktale that focuses on the relationship between mother and daughter. The opening episode demonstrates the importance of having children (a major theme in the culture), and subsequent events in the tale demonstrate the economic value children have for the family. It is significant that the woman in the story should ask for a daughter rather than a son, but, in addition to the emotional bonds which hold mother and daughter together, an economic motive is operating in the tale as well. The mother's initial wish is not only for a daughter, but also for a source of income, and her willingness to let her daughter out of the house is conditioned by her poverty. The daughter, for her part, does not want to remain “on the shelf,” which is considered the proper place for a woman—well scrubbed and beautiful, but out of sight. She wants to go out and see the world.Less
This chapter presents a Palestinian folktale that focuses on the relationship between mother and daughter. The opening episode demonstrates the importance of having children (a major theme in the culture), and subsequent events in the tale demonstrate the economic value children have for the family. It is significant that the woman in the story should ask for a daughter rather than a son, but, in addition to the emotional bonds which hold mother and daughter together, an economic motive is operating in the tale as well. The mother's initial wish is not only for a daughter, but also for a source of income, and her willingness to let her daughter out of the house is conditioned by her poverty. The daughter, for her part, does not want to remain “on the shelf,” which is considered the proper place for a woman—well scrubbed and beautiful, but out of sight. She wants to go out and see the world.
John L. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195137361
- eISBN:
- 9780199834730
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195137361.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Feminist readers have seen Jephthah's sacrifice of his daughter not only as her unlawful abuse at a father's hands, but also as the nexus of other injustices and indignities, including that Jephthah ...
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Feminist readers have seen Jephthah's sacrifice of his daughter not only as her unlawful abuse at a father's hands, but also as the nexus of other injustices and indignities, including that Jephthah blames his daughter, that the father is commemorated in Hebrews 11 while the daughter remains nameless, and that the daughter dies while in two similar instances – Isaac in Genesis 22 and Jonathan in 1 Samuel 14 – sons are allowed to live. Early Jewish and Christian commentary, however, commonly condemned Jephthah for his vow while honoring the daughter, often seeing her as a martyr. Beginning with Augustine, many saw in Jephthah and/or his daughter, a type of the sacrifice of Jesus, and the reality of her suffering was sometimes the subject of significant imaginative probing or affective identification. Rabbi David Kimhi's argument for the daughter's survival disseminated slowly in the later Middle Ages but precipitated ethical and casuistic analysis, and late medieval and Reformation interpreters generally defended the daughter against the father's actions. Some used Isaac and Jonathan as precedents for her autonomy that ought to have been followed, and at least one insinuated the daughter into the honor roll in Hebrews 11.Less
Feminist readers have seen Jephthah's sacrifice of his daughter not only as her unlawful abuse at a father's hands, but also as the nexus of other injustices and indignities, including that Jephthah blames his daughter, that the father is commemorated in Hebrews 11 while the daughter remains nameless, and that the daughter dies while in two similar instances – Isaac in Genesis 22 and Jonathan in 1 Samuel 14 – sons are allowed to live. Early Jewish and Christian commentary, however, commonly condemned Jephthah for his vow while honoring the daughter, often seeing her as a martyr. Beginning with Augustine, many saw in Jephthah and/or his daughter, a type of the sacrifice of Jesus, and the reality of her suffering was sometimes the subject of significant imaginative probing or affective identification. Rabbi David Kimhi's argument for the daughter's survival disseminated slowly in the later Middle Ages but precipitated ethical and casuistic analysis, and late medieval and Reformation interpreters generally defended the daughter against the father's actions. Some used Isaac and Jonathan as precedents for her autonomy that ought to have been followed, and at least one insinuated the daughter into the honor roll in Hebrews 11.
Isobel Hurst
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283514
- eISBN:
- 9780191712715
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283514.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
The varied accounts of classical studies in fiction deserve a more prominent place in the analysis of 19th-century reception of the classics. This chapter discusses fictions about women studying the ...
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The varied accounts of classical studies in fiction deserve a more prominent place in the analysis of 19th-century reception of the classics. This chapter discusses fictions about women studying the classics at home: negative representations of selfish scholarly heroines, such as Charlotte M. Yonge's The Daisy Chain, are contrasted with those of compliant girls whose access to patriarchal culture is controlled by their fathers, for example, Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey and Elizabeth Gaskell's Cousin Phillis. Clergy daughters are represented as using their classical learning for the benefit of their families, particularly their fathers, in contrast to the story of Milton's rebellious daughters, which is invoked in George Eliot's Middlemarch.Less
The varied accounts of classical studies in fiction deserve a more prominent place in the analysis of 19th-century reception of the classics. This chapter discusses fictions about women studying the classics at home: negative representations of selfish scholarly heroines, such as Charlotte M. Yonge's The Daisy Chain, are contrasted with those of compliant girls whose access to patriarchal culture is controlled by their fathers, for example, Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey and Elizabeth Gaskell's Cousin Phillis. Clergy daughters are represented as using their classical learning for the benefit of their families, particularly their fathers, in contrast to the story of Milton's rebellious daughters, which is invoked in George Eliot's Middlemarch.
Jerome Murphy-O'Connor
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199266531
- eISBN:
- 9780191601583
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199266530.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Missionary expansion through converts returning to their homes and businesses. As a first step in claiming her daughter churches, Antioch sent a Judaising delegation to correct the theology of the ...
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Missionary expansion through converts returning to their homes and businesses. As a first step in claiming her daughter churches, Antioch sent a Judaising delegation to correct the theology of the Galatians. Celtic reluctance to make a decision obliged consultation with Paul, who responded in Galatians. Ostensibly addressed to the Galatians, its real audience was the intruders.Less
Missionary expansion through converts returning to their homes and businesses. As a first step in claiming her daughter churches, Antioch sent a Judaising delegation to correct the theology of the Galatians. Celtic reluctance to make a decision obliged consultation with Paul, who responded in Galatians. Ostensibly addressed to the Galatians, its real audience was the intruders.
Judith Herrin
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153216
- eISBN:
- 9781400845217
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153216.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
This chapter surveys the pattern of the female life cycle that defined most possibilities for women in Byzantium, and explores elements of maternal education, together with the alternative that ...
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This chapter surveys the pattern of the female life cycle that defined most possibilities for women in Byzantium, and explores elements of maternal education, together with the alternative that allowed women to opt out of procreation by dedicating themselves to Christ. It concludes that maternity obviously demanded a certain competence, which was passed through the generations by oral traditions; mothers, grandmothers, and other female relatives might have a profound influence. Within feminine monasteries, abbesses exercised a spiritual maternity over their younger nuns. But for the great majority who had no choice in the matter, maternal roles were constructed and reconstructed at every period, reinforcing the links between mothers and daughters and according women in Byzantium an unrivalled influence.Less
This chapter surveys the pattern of the female life cycle that defined most possibilities for women in Byzantium, and explores elements of maternal education, together with the alternative that allowed women to opt out of procreation by dedicating themselves to Christ. It concludes that maternity obviously demanded a certain competence, which was passed through the generations by oral traditions; mothers, grandmothers, and other female relatives might have a profound influence. Within feminine monasteries, abbesses exercised a spiritual maternity over their younger nuns. But for the great majority who had no choice in the matter, maternal roles were constructed and reconstructed at every period, reinforcing the links between mothers and daughters and according women in Byzantium an unrivalled influence.
Patsy Stoneman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719074479
- eISBN:
- 9781781701188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719074479.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
Between Mary Barton and Wives and Daughters, Elizabeth Gaskell has shifted from public to private themes, from fatherhood to motherhood, and from a self-conscious use of Romantic or Biblical allusion ...
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Between Mary Barton and Wives and Daughters, Elizabeth Gaskell has shifted from public to private themes, from fatherhood to motherhood, and from a self-conscious use of Romantic or Biblical allusion to the language of family life. The change has been interpreted as her giving up the struggle for social reform, and becoming, in late middle age, gracefully ‘feminine’ and conformist. On the contrary, this book has shown that each of the earlier novels ‘tripped’ on the unfocused ‘woman question’, which in Wives and Daughters becomes the acknowledged subject of debate. The problematic status of Wives and Daughters as a ‘great’ novel, with nothing to account for its ‘greatness’ – no dramatic events, ‘major’ themes or revolutionary conclusions – is related to the minuteness of its effects, dictated by the small scale of women's daily lives, but also by the theories of realism.Less
Between Mary Barton and Wives and Daughters, Elizabeth Gaskell has shifted from public to private themes, from fatherhood to motherhood, and from a self-conscious use of Romantic or Biblical allusion to the language of family life. The change has been interpreted as her giving up the struggle for social reform, and becoming, in late middle age, gracefully ‘feminine’ and conformist. On the contrary, this book has shown that each of the earlier novels ‘tripped’ on the unfocused ‘woman question’, which in Wives and Daughters becomes the acknowledged subject of debate. The problematic status of Wives and Daughters as a ‘great’ novel, with nothing to account for its ‘greatness’ – no dramatic events, ‘major’ themes or revolutionary conclusions – is related to the minuteness of its effects, dictated by the small scale of women's daily lives, but also by the theories of realism.
Bonnie Laughlin-Schultz
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451614
- eISBN:
- 9780801469442
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451614.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
John Brown was fiercely committed to the militant abolitionist cause, a crusade that culminated in Brown's raid on the Federal armory at Harpers Ferry in 1859 and his subsequent execution. Less well ...
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John Brown was fiercely committed to the militant abolitionist cause, a crusade that culminated in Brown's raid on the Federal armory at Harpers Ferry in 1859 and his subsequent execution. Less well known is his devotion to his family, and they to him. Two of Brown's sons were killed at Harpers Ferry, but the commitment of his wife and daughters often goes unacknowledged. This book reveals for the first time the depth of the Brown women's involvement in his cause and their crucial roles in preserving and transforming his legacy. Brown's second wife Mary Ann Day Brown and his daughters Ruth Brown Thompson, Annie Brown Adams, Sarah Brown, and Ellen Brown Fablinger were in many ways the most ordinary of women. However, they also lived extraordinary lives, crossing paths with such figures as Frederick Douglass and Lydia Maria Child and embracing an abolitionist moral code that sanctioned antislavery violence in place of the more typical female world of petitioning and pamphleteering. In the aftermath of John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry, the women of his family experienced a particular kind of celebrity among abolitionists and the American public. In their roles as “relics” of Brown's raid, they tested the limits of American memory of the Civil War, especially the war's most radical aim: securing racial equality. Because of their longevity and their position as symbols of the most radical form of abolitionist agitation, the story of the Brown women illuminates the changing nature of how Americans remembered Brown's raid, radical antislavery, and the causes and consequences of the Civil War.Less
John Brown was fiercely committed to the militant abolitionist cause, a crusade that culminated in Brown's raid on the Federal armory at Harpers Ferry in 1859 and his subsequent execution. Less well known is his devotion to his family, and they to him. Two of Brown's sons were killed at Harpers Ferry, but the commitment of his wife and daughters often goes unacknowledged. This book reveals for the first time the depth of the Brown women's involvement in his cause and their crucial roles in preserving and transforming his legacy. Brown's second wife Mary Ann Day Brown and his daughters Ruth Brown Thompson, Annie Brown Adams, Sarah Brown, and Ellen Brown Fablinger were in many ways the most ordinary of women. However, they also lived extraordinary lives, crossing paths with such figures as Frederick Douglass and Lydia Maria Child and embracing an abolitionist moral code that sanctioned antislavery violence in place of the more typical female world of petitioning and pamphleteering. In the aftermath of John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry, the women of his family experienced a particular kind of celebrity among abolitionists and the American public. In their roles as “relics” of Brown's raid, they tested the limits of American memory of the Civil War, especially the war's most radical aim: securing racial equality. Because of their longevity and their position as symbols of the most radical form of abolitionist agitation, the story of the Brown women illuminates the changing nature of how Americans remembered Brown's raid, radical antislavery, and the causes and consequences of the Civil War.
Jane Whittle and Elizabeth Griffiths
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199233533
- eISBN:
- 9780191739330
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233533.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
The survival of the Le Stranges’ household accounts for a run of almost fifty years from 1606 to 1654 allows consumption to be observed across the family’s life cycle, from soon after marriage to the ...
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The survival of the Le Stranges’ household accounts for a run of almost fifty years from 1606 to 1654 allows consumption to be observed across the family’s life cycle, from soon after marriage to the death of Sir Hamon Le Strange. This chapter takes advantage of the long stretch of accounts to examine how expenditure varied across the life cycle, relating this to household size, indebtedness and the Civil War. It looks at the importance of life cycle events—birth, death and marriage—as consumption events, and the evidence of childcare and childhood provided by items of expenditure. The treatment of the Le Stranges’ three sons is contrasted with that of their daughter in terms of educational provision, marriage arrangements and overall expenditure.Less
The survival of the Le Stranges’ household accounts for a run of almost fifty years from 1606 to 1654 allows consumption to be observed across the family’s life cycle, from soon after marriage to the death of Sir Hamon Le Strange. This chapter takes advantage of the long stretch of accounts to examine how expenditure varied across the life cycle, relating this to household size, indebtedness and the Civil War. It looks at the importance of life cycle events—birth, death and marriage—as consumption events, and the evidence of childcare and childhood provided by items of expenditure. The treatment of the Le Stranges’ three sons is contrasted with that of their daughter in terms of educational provision, marriage arrangements and overall expenditure.
Jane Spencer
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199262960
- eISBN:
- 9780191718731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262960.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter shows how ideas of literary patrilineage were affected by the hierarchized and gendered divide between spirit and matter: with spirit associated with masculinity and paternity and matter ...
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This chapter shows how ideas of literary patrilineage were affected by the hierarchized and gendered divide between spirit and matter: with spirit associated with masculinity and paternity and matter with femininity and maternity. Through a case study of Dryden and his relation to three filial figures: his son John; his chosen poetic heir, William Congreve; and his later literary son, Alexander Pope, it demonstrates the importance of a disembodied and metaphorical father-son relationship to the creation of poetic lineage, and indicates the problematic nature of the relationship between paternal mentoring and literary inheritance. The chapter further argues that the exclusivity of the father-son relationship as a model for literary inheritance was challenged by the advent of women writers claiming metaphorical daughterhood to literary fathers. This phenomenon is examined through a case study of Samuel Johnson's mentoring of Frances Burney and the father-daughter relationship established between them.Less
This chapter shows how ideas of literary patrilineage were affected by the hierarchized and gendered divide between spirit and matter: with spirit associated with masculinity and paternity and matter with femininity and maternity. Through a case study of Dryden and his relation to three filial figures: his son John; his chosen poetic heir, William Congreve; and his later literary son, Alexander Pope, it demonstrates the importance of a disembodied and metaphorical father-son relationship to the creation of poetic lineage, and indicates the problematic nature of the relationship between paternal mentoring and literary inheritance. The chapter further argues that the exclusivity of the father-son relationship as a model for literary inheritance was challenged by the advent of women writers claiming metaphorical daughterhood to literary fathers. This phenomenon is examined through a case study of Samuel Johnson's mentoring of Frances Burney and the father-daughter relationship established between them.
Jane Spencer
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199262960
- eISBN:
- 9780191718731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262960.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter argues that while literary paternity has been understood in historical terms as set of relationships between real men, literary maternity has been imagined in mythical terms, its common ...
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This chapter argues that while literary paternity has been understood in historical terms as set of relationships between real men, literary maternity has been imagined in mythical terms, its common tropes being that of the male poet as metaphorical mother to his poems, and the poet as son to a maternal goddess. However, a few cases in the 18th and early 19th centuries of female writers who were in real life the mothers of writers began to alter cultural representations of literary maternity. The chapter examines both the negative picture of the mother-goddess presented by Pope in The Dunciad, and the more positive attitude of the later 1700s to poetic inheritance from mother Nature. Cases of mother-son and mother-daughter relationships between writers are examined, including those between Frances and Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley.Less
This chapter argues that while literary paternity has been understood in historical terms as set of relationships between real men, literary maternity has been imagined in mythical terms, its common tropes being that of the male poet as metaphorical mother to his poems, and the poet as son to a maternal goddess. However, a few cases in the 18th and early 19th centuries of female writers who were in real life the mothers of writers began to alter cultural representations of literary maternity. The chapter examines both the negative picture of the mother-goddess presented by Pope in The Dunciad, and the more positive attitude of the later 1700s to poetic inheritance from mother Nature. Cases of mother-son and mother-daughter relationships between writers are examined, including those between Frances and Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley.
TERENCE ZUBER
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199250165
- eISBN:
- 9780191719554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250165.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The ‘Schlieffen plan’ dogma maintains that the plan was implemented by the younger Moltke as a real war plan. However, Moltke's two surviving war games, in 1906 and 1908, have nothing to do with the ...
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The ‘Schlieffen plan’ dogma maintains that the plan was implemented by the younger Moltke as a real war plan. However, Moltke's two surviving war games, in 1906 and 1908, have nothing to do with the ‘Schlieffen plan’. In addition, the ‘Schlieffen plan’ was for a one-front war against France alone, while Moltke soon faced the certainty of a two-front war. There is no evidence that Moltke even read the Denkschrift until 1911, and it was clear that he was not impressed. It was also only in 1911 that the famous Schlieffen plan maps were drawn. The Denkschrift and maps became the property of Schlieffen's daughters, who in 1914 were storing the supposedly top-secret plan with the family photos. In 1914 Germany could initially deploy sixty-eight divisions in the west; the ‘Schlieffen plan’ required ninety-six. Neither the initial army deployment orders (Aufmarschanweisungen) nor the Battle of the Frontiers have any resemblance to the ‘Schlieffen plan’.Less
The ‘Schlieffen plan’ dogma maintains that the plan was implemented by the younger Moltke as a real war plan. However, Moltke's two surviving war games, in 1906 and 1908, have nothing to do with the ‘Schlieffen plan’. In addition, the ‘Schlieffen plan’ was for a one-front war against France alone, while Moltke soon faced the certainty of a two-front war. There is no evidence that Moltke even read the Denkschrift until 1911, and it was clear that he was not impressed. It was also only in 1911 that the famous Schlieffen plan maps were drawn. The Denkschrift and maps became the property of Schlieffen's daughters, who in 1914 were storing the supposedly top-secret plan with the family photos. In 1914 Germany could initially deploy sixty-eight divisions in the west; the ‘Schlieffen plan’ required ninety-six. Neither the initial army deployment orders (Aufmarschanweisungen) nor the Battle of the Frontiers have any resemblance to the ‘Schlieffen plan’.
Deborah Tannen, Shari Kendall, and Cynthia Gordon
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195313895
- eISBN:
- 9780199871940
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195313895.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter explains the challenges faced by fathers in balancing connection and control as their children—in this case, daughters—get older. Drawing on the frameworks of framing and power and ...
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This chapter explains the challenges faced by fathers in balancing connection and control as their children—in this case, daughters—get older. Drawing on the frameworks of framing and power and solidarity, it explores how one man constructs his identity as a father in conversations with his twenty-year-old daughter. The father engages in a complex balancing of a caretaking frame (forefronting hierarchy) and a sociable frame (forefronting connection) as he attempts to motivate his daughter to prepare for her upcoming study-abroad semester. He also creates a parental identity with others (his wife, a travel agent, secretary, and neighbor) with whom he discusses the difficulties he is having in encouraging his daughter to take more responsibility. The analysis contributes to the linguistic creation of identity by considering how parental identities emerge through the language used by a father to simultaneously reprimand his daughter and maintain an egalitarian father-daughter relationship. Accomplishing these disparate goals requires the father to engage in a complex negotiation of identities. The chapter also provides a rare glimpse into the discourse of fathers, and particularly into the conversational dynamics of a father and his grown daughter.Less
This chapter explains the challenges faced by fathers in balancing connection and control as their children—in this case, daughters—get older. Drawing on the frameworks of framing and power and solidarity, it explores how one man constructs his identity as a father in conversations with his twenty-year-old daughter. The father engages in a complex balancing of a caretaking frame (forefronting hierarchy) and a sociable frame (forefronting connection) as he attempts to motivate his daughter to prepare for her upcoming study-abroad semester. He also creates a parental identity with others (his wife, a travel agent, secretary, and neighbor) with whom he discusses the difficulties he is having in encouraging his daughter to take more responsibility. The analysis contributes to the linguistic creation of identity by considering how parental identities emerge through the language used by a father to simultaneously reprimand his daughter and maintain an egalitarian father-daughter relationship. Accomplishing these disparate goals requires the father to engage in a complex negotiation of identities. The chapter also provides a rare glimpse into the discourse of fathers, and particularly into the conversational dynamics of a father and his grown daughter.
