Marjory S. Blumenthal
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029407
- eISBN:
- 9780262331166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029407.003.0002
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming
The growing importance of cloud computing has heightened the importance of cloud security. At the same time, the Snowden revelations and the accompanying calls for localization have made cloud policy ...
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The growing importance of cloud computing has heightened the importance of cloud security. At the same time, the Snowden revelations and the accompanying calls for localization have made cloud policy debates increasingly international in scope. Unfortunately, cloud providers lack strong incentives to enhance security, have been reluctant to partner with government to develop solutions, and are concerned that being classified as critical infrastructure will subject them to heightened regulatory burdens. Although regulatory efforts to date have focused on voluntarism in order to preserve incentives for innovation, government oversight of the cloud has become increasingly regulatory in nature, focusing largely on risk management. The growing social importance of the cloud is placing pressure on cloud providers to accede to vulnerability assessments and reporting despite their ambivalence about government involvement in cybersecurity and critical infrastructure protection.Less
The growing importance of cloud computing has heightened the importance of cloud security. At the same time, the Snowden revelations and the accompanying calls for localization have made cloud policy debates increasingly international in scope. Unfortunately, cloud providers lack strong incentives to enhance security, have been reluctant to partner with government to develop solutions, and are concerned that being classified as critical infrastructure will subject them to heightened regulatory burdens. Although regulatory efforts to date have focused on voluntarism in order to preserve incentives for innovation, government oversight of the cloud has become increasingly regulatory in nature, focusing largely on risk management. The growing social importance of the cloud is placing pressure on cloud providers to accede to vulnerability assessments and reporting despite their ambivalence about government involvement in cybersecurity and critical infrastructure protection.
Tung-Hui Hu
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029513
- eISBN:
- 9780262330091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029513.003.0003
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming
This chapter traces the cloud of digital data back to the data centers that store them. For security reasons, a number of data centers are repurposed Cold War military bunkers, suggesting that a ...
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This chapter traces the cloud of digital data back to the data centers that store them. For security reasons, a number of data centers are repurposed Cold War military bunkers, suggesting that a military rationale for a bunker, to defend an area of territory, has re-entered the realm of data. By dividing networks into logical zones of inside and outside, these security infrastructures raise the specter of attack from those that might be ‘outside’ to network society, such as Chinese hackers or Iranian cyberwarfare specialists. By revisiting Paul Virilio’s Bunker Archaeology, this chapter further suggests that the specter of a disaster that the cloud continually raises also carries within it a temporality of a user’s imagined death. This temporality animates a recent series of digital preservation projects, such as the ‘Digital Genome’ time capsule, intended to survive the “death of the digital.”Less
This chapter traces the cloud of digital data back to the data centers that store them. For security reasons, a number of data centers are repurposed Cold War military bunkers, suggesting that a military rationale for a bunker, to defend an area of territory, has re-entered the realm of data. By dividing networks into logical zones of inside and outside, these security infrastructures raise the specter of attack from those that might be ‘outside’ to network society, such as Chinese hackers or Iranian cyberwarfare specialists. By revisiting Paul Virilio’s Bunker Archaeology, this chapter further suggests that the specter of a disaster that the cloud continually raises also carries within it a temporality of a user’s imagined death. This temporality animates a recent series of digital preservation projects, such as the ‘Digital Genome’ time capsule, intended to survive the “death of the digital.”
Yossi Sheffi
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029797
- eISBN:
- 9780262330626
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029797.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This book focuses on deep-tier risks, corporate social responsibility risks, cybersecurity risks, global raw material risks, long-term disruptions, business continuity planning, risk and disruption ...
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This book focuses on deep-tier risks, corporate social responsibility risks, cybersecurity risks, global raw material risks, long-term disruptions, business continuity planning, risk and disruption detection, and the potential for systemic disruptions. The interconnectedness of the global economy today means that unexpected events in one corner of the globe can ripple through the world’s supply chain and affect customers everywhere. For example, an earthquake and tsunami in Japan brought manufacturing around the globe to a standstill. State-of-the-art passenger jets are grounded because of a malfunctioning part. A strike halts shipments through a major port. A new digital device decimates the sales of other brands and sends established firms to the brink of bankruptcy. This book shows why modern vulnerabilities call for innovative processes and tools for creating and embedding corporate resilience and risk management. Through case studies, the book illustrates how companies have prepared for, coped with, and come out stronger following disruption—from the actions of Intel after the 2011 Japanese tsunami to the disruption in the “money supply chain” caused by the 2008 financial crisis. Supply chain risk management, the book reveals, is a balancing act between taking on the risks involved in new products, new markets, and new processes—all crucial for growth—and the resilience created by advanced risk management.Less
This book focuses on deep-tier risks, corporate social responsibility risks, cybersecurity risks, global raw material risks, long-term disruptions, business continuity planning, risk and disruption detection, and the potential for systemic disruptions. The interconnectedness of the global economy today means that unexpected events in one corner of the globe can ripple through the world’s supply chain and affect customers everywhere. For example, an earthquake and tsunami in Japan brought manufacturing around the globe to a standstill. State-of-the-art passenger jets are grounded because of a malfunctioning part. A strike halts shipments through a major port. A new digital device decimates the sales of other brands and sends established firms to the brink of bankruptcy. This book shows why modern vulnerabilities call for innovative processes and tools for creating and embedding corporate resilience and risk management. Through case studies, the book illustrates how companies have prepared for, coped with, and come out stronger following disruption—from the actions of Intel after the 2011 Japanese tsunami to the disruption in the “money supply chain” caused by the 2008 financial crisis. Supply chain risk management, the book reveals, is a balancing act between taking on the risks involved in new products, new markets, and new processes—all crucial for growth—and the resilience created by advanced risk management.
Ben Buchanan
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190665012
- eISBN:
- 9780190686543
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190665012.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
Why do nations break into one another's most important computer networks? There is an obvious answer: to steal valuable information or to attack. But this isn't the full story. This book draws on ...
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Why do nations break into one another's most important computer networks? There is an obvious answer: to steal valuable information or to attack. But this isn't the full story. This book draws on often-overlooked documents leaked by Edward Snowden, real-world case studies of cyber operations, and policymaker perspectives to show that intruding into other countries' networks has enormous defensive value as well. Two nations, neither of which seeks to harm the other but neither of which trusts the other, will often find it prudent to penetrate each other's systems. This general problem, in which a nation's means of securing itself threatens the security of others and risks escalating tension, is a bedrock concept in international relations and is called the “security dilemma”. This book shows not only that the security dilemma applies to cyber operations, but also that the particular characteristics of the digital domain mean that the effects are deeply pronounced. The cybersecurity dilemma is both a vital concern of modern statecraft and a means of accessibly understanding the essential components of cyber operations.Less
Why do nations break into one another's most important computer networks? There is an obvious answer: to steal valuable information or to attack. But this isn't the full story. This book draws on often-overlooked documents leaked by Edward Snowden, real-world case studies of cyber operations, and policymaker perspectives to show that intruding into other countries' networks has enormous defensive value as well. Two nations, neither of which seeks to harm the other but neither of which trusts the other, will often find it prudent to penetrate each other's systems. This general problem, in which a nation's means of securing itself threatens the security of others and risks escalating tension, is a bedrock concept in international relations and is called the “security dilemma”. This book shows not only that the security dilemma applies to cyber operations, but also that the particular characteristics of the digital domain mean that the effects are deeply pronounced. The cybersecurity dilemma is both a vital concern of modern statecraft and a means of accessibly understanding the essential components of cyber operations.
Shawn M. Powers and Michael Jablonski
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039126
- eISBN:
- 9780252097102
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039126.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
Contemporary discussion surrounding the role of the Internet in society is dominated by words like: internet freedom, surveillance, cybersecurity, Edward Snowden and, most prolifically, cyber war. ...
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Contemporary discussion surrounding the role of the Internet in society is dominated by words like: internet freedom, surveillance, cybersecurity, Edward Snowden and, most prolifically, cyber war. Behind the rhetoric of cyber war is an on-going state-centered battle for control of information resources. This book conceptualizes this real cyber war as the utilization of digital networks for geopolitical purposes, including covert attacks against another state's electronic systems, but also, and more importantly, the variety of ways the internet is used to further a state's economic and military agendas. Moving beyond debates on the democratic value of new and emerging information technologies, the book focuses on political, economic, and geopolitical factors driving internet freedom policies, in particular the U.S. State Department's emerging doctrine in support of a universal freedom to connect. It argues that efforts to create a universal internet built upon Western legal, political, and social preferences is driven by economic and geopolitical motivations rather than the humanitarian and democratic ideals that typically accompany related policy discourse. In fact, the freedom-to-connect movement is intertwined with broader efforts to structure global society in ways that favor American and Western cultures, economies, and governments. The book reveals how internet policies and governance have emerged as critical sites of geopolitical contestation, with results certain to shape statecraft, diplomacy, and conflict in the twenty-first century.Less
Contemporary discussion surrounding the role of the Internet in society is dominated by words like: internet freedom, surveillance, cybersecurity, Edward Snowden and, most prolifically, cyber war. Behind the rhetoric of cyber war is an on-going state-centered battle for control of information resources. This book conceptualizes this real cyber war as the utilization of digital networks for geopolitical purposes, including covert attacks against another state's electronic systems, but also, and more importantly, the variety of ways the internet is used to further a state's economic and military agendas. Moving beyond debates on the democratic value of new and emerging information technologies, the book focuses on political, economic, and geopolitical factors driving internet freedom policies, in particular the U.S. State Department's emerging doctrine in support of a universal freedom to connect. It argues that efforts to create a universal internet built upon Western legal, political, and social preferences is driven by economic and geopolitical motivations rather than the humanitarian and democratic ideals that typically accompany related policy discourse. In fact, the freedom-to-connect movement is intertwined with broader efforts to structure global society in ways that favor American and Western cultures, economies, and governments. The book reveals how internet policies and governance have emerged as critical sites of geopolitical contestation, with results certain to shape statecraft, diplomacy, and conflict in the twenty-first century.
Mark Raymond
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190913113
- eISBN:
- 9780190913144
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190913113.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Theory
Social Practices of Rule-Making in World Politics identifies a class of social practices of rule-making, interpretation, and application, demonstrating the causal importance of these practices (and ...
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Social Practices of Rule-Making in World Politics identifies a class of social practices of rule-making, interpretation, and application, demonstrating the causal importance of these practices (and the procedural rules that constitute and govern them) in explaining outcomes in world politics. The book utilizes rule-oriented and practice-turn constructivist approaches to argue that procedural rules about rule-making, or secondary rules, shape the way that actors present and evaluate proposals for change in the rules and institutions that structure international systems. The book examines four important international security cases: the social construction of great power management after the Napoleonic Wars; the creation of a rule against the use of force, except in cases of self-defense and collective security, enshrined in the Kellogg-Briand Pact; contestation of the international system by al-Qaeda in the period immediately following the 9/11 attacks; and United Nations efforts to establish norms for state conduct in the cyber domain. The book makes several contributions to International Relations theory. It provides insight into how actors know how and when to engage in specific forms of social construction. It extends the application of practice-turn constructivism to processes of making and interpreting rules. It improves upon existing tools to explain change in the rules and institutions of the international system. Finally, it demonstrates the utility of the book’s approach for the study of global governance, the international system, and for emerging efforts to identify forms and sites of authority and hierarchy in world politics.Less
Social Practices of Rule-Making in World Politics identifies a class of social practices of rule-making, interpretation, and application, demonstrating the causal importance of these practices (and the procedural rules that constitute and govern them) in explaining outcomes in world politics. The book utilizes rule-oriented and practice-turn constructivist approaches to argue that procedural rules about rule-making, or secondary rules, shape the way that actors present and evaluate proposals for change in the rules and institutions that structure international systems. The book examines four important international security cases: the social construction of great power management after the Napoleonic Wars; the creation of a rule against the use of force, except in cases of self-defense and collective security, enshrined in the Kellogg-Briand Pact; contestation of the international system by al-Qaeda in the period immediately following the 9/11 attacks; and United Nations efforts to establish norms for state conduct in the cyber domain. The book makes several contributions to International Relations theory. It provides insight into how actors know how and when to engage in specific forms of social construction. It extends the application of practice-turn constructivism to processes of making and interpreting rules. It improves upon existing tools to explain change in the rules and institutions of the international system. Finally, it demonstrates the utility of the book’s approach for the study of global governance, the international system, and for emerging efforts to identify forms and sites of authority and hierarchy in world politics.
Fred H. Cate
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190201265
- eISBN:
- 9780190201302
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190201265.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
The risks posed by cyberthreats are rapidly escalating as our dependence on stored digital data and digital networks expands. Cyberattacks identified as originating in China, and in some cases ...
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The risks posed by cyberthreats are rapidly escalating as our dependence on stored digital data and digital networks expands. Cyberattacks identified as originating in China, and in some cases alleged to have been launched by the Chinese government itself, are playing an increasingly influential role in motivating policy responses in the United States. Meanwhile, disclosures about US behavior have significantly weakened US credibility. This chapter examines some of the key characteristics of digital data and networked control systems, as well as of the cybersecurity threats that target them; the US regulatory and policy approach to defending against cyberattacks; and the role of China in influencing that approach. It concludes by addressing some critical but unresolved issues about the essential role of law and policy and of the relationship between the United States and China in the fight to secure data and networks.Less
The risks posed by cyberthreats are rapidly escalating as our dependence on stored digital data and digital networks expands. Cyberattacks identified as originating in China, and in some cases alleged to have been launched by the Chinese government itself, are playing an increasingly influential role in motivating policy responses in the United States. Meanwhile, disclosures about US behavior have significantly weakened US credibility. This chapter examines some of the key characteristics of digital data and networked control systems, as well as of the cybersecurity threats that target them; the US regulatory and policy approach to defending against cyberattacks; and the role of China in influencing that approach. It concludes by addressing some critical but unresolved issues about the essential role of law and policy and of the relationship between the United States and China in the fight to secure data and networks.
Laura DeNardis
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300181357
- eISBN:
- 9780300182118
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300181357.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The Internet has transformed the manner in which information is exchanged and business is conducted, arguably more than any other communication development in the past century. Despite its wide reach ...
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The Internet has transformed the manner in which information is exchanged and business is conducted, arguably more than any other communication development in the past century. Despite its wide reach and powerful global influence, it is a medium uncontrolled by any one centralized system, organization, or governing body, a reality that has given rise to all manner of free-speech issues and cybersecurity concerns. The conflicts surrounding Internet governance are the new spaces where political and economic power is unfolding in the twenty-first century. This book reveals the inner power structure already in place within the architectures and institutions of Internet governance. It provides a theoretical framework for Internet governance that takes into account the privatization of global power as well as the role of sovereign nations and international treaties. In addition, the book explores what is at stake in open global controversies and stresses the responsibility of the public to actively engage in these debates, because Internet governance will ultimately determine Internet freedom.Less
The Internet has transformed the manner in which information is exchanged and business is conducted, arguably more than any other communication development in the past century. Despite its wide reach and powerful global influence, it is a medium uncontrolled by any one centralized system, organization, or governing body, a reality that has given rise to all manner of free-speech issues and cybersecurity concerns. The conflicts surrounding Internet governance are the new spaces where political and economic power is unfolding in the twenty-first century. This book reveals the inner power structure already in place within the architectures and institutions of Internet governance. It provides a theoretical framework for Internet governance that takes into account the privatization of global power as well as the role of sovereign nations and international treaties. In addition, the book explores what is at stake in open global controversies and stresses the responsibility of the public to actively engage in these debates, because Internet governance will ultimately determine Internet freedom.
Jon R. Lindsay
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190201265
- eISBN:
- 9780190201302
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190201265.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This introduction provides an overview of Chinese national policy and institutions for managing cybersecurity. It then summarizes the organization of this volume and the content of its chapters. ...
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This introduction provides an overview of Chinese national policy and institutions for managing cybersecurity. It then summarizes the organization of this volume and the content of its chapters. Cybersecurity is shaped by the strategic interaction of many different actors and defies any simple interpretation or morality tale. There is no one single Chinese view on cybersecurity or cyberwarfare, just as there is no one Western view. While the details of cyber policy debate are sure to change, the important structural and cultural influences change more slowly. The contributions in this volume describe how some of these enduring factors affect cybersecurity institutions and recent activity in China, or how more fundamental political and economic incentives shape the use of technology of any vintage.Less
This introduction provides an overview of Chinese national policy and institutions for managing cybersecurity. It then summarizes the organization of this volume and the content of its chapters. Cybersecurity is shaped by the strategic interaction of many different actors and defies any simple interpretation or morality tale. There is no one single Chinese view on cybersecurity or cyberwarfare, just as there is no one Western view. While the details of cyber policy debate are sure to change, the important structural and cultural influences change more slowly. The contributions in this volume describe how some of these enduring factors affect cybersecurity institutions and recent activity in China, or how more fundamental political and economic incentives shape the use of technology of any vintage.
William J. Drake
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262042512
- eISBN:
- 9780262271936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262042512.003.0009
- Subject:
- Information Science, Communications
This book explores the global governance, particularly by intergovernmental institutions, of global electronic networks and related information and communications technology (ICT). It looks at the ...
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This book explores the global governance, particularly by intergovernmental institutions, of global electronic networks and related information and communications technology (ICT). It looks at the politics underlying global rules and regulations as well as questions of power and social purpose in network or ICT global governance. It also examines governance “from above” while also emphasizing how global governance looks “from below,” particularly from the perspectives of the developing countries and civil society groups advocating public interest objectives. This chapter serves as an introduction to the discussions that follow. It provides an overview of governance mechanisms pertaining to the information, communication, and commerce distributed over electronic networks, including the frameworks for intellectual property, cybersecurity, privacy protection, and electronic commerce. It also outlines the history of network global governance from 1850 to the present and discusses some of the major global governance mechanisms relating to network infrastructure and related transport services.Less
This book explores the global governance, particularly by intergovernmental institutions, of global electronic networks and related information and communications technology (ICT). It looks at the politics underlying global rules and regulations as well as questions of power and social purpose in network or ICT global governance. It also examines governance “from above” while also emphasizing how global governance looks “from below,” particularly from the perspectives of the developing countries and civil society groups advocating public interest objectives. This chapter serves as an introduction to the discussions that follow. It provides an overview of governance mechanisms pertaining to the information, communication, and commerce distributed over electronic networks, including the frameworks for intellectual property, cybersecurity, privacy protection, and electronic commerce. It also outlines the history of network global governance from 1850 to the present and discusses some of the major global governance mechanisms relating to network infrastructure and related transport services.
Ian Hosein
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262042512
- eISBN:
- 9780262271936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262042512.003.0253
- Subject:
- Information Science, Communications
This chapter examines international cooperation with respect to cybersecurity and cybercrime and argues that the approaches used by the Group of Eight (G8) and the Council of Europe (CoE) raise ...
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This chapter examines international cooperation with respect to cybersecurity and cybercrime and argues that the approaches used by the Group of Eight (G8) and the Council of Europe (CoE) raise significant problems regarding privacy and other key values. Moreover, the efforts of both international bodies amount to policy laundering because they circumvent national democratic discourses in favor of comparatively closed international decision-making processes. The solutions offered by the G8 and the CoE may have implications for the interaction between technology and law, on one hand, and between national discourse and international policy making, on the other hand. The chapter outlines strategies for reinserting deliberative democracy into these processes. After discussing the challenges of jurisdiction and national technology policy, it looks at the logic of conventions and the G8’s work on data preservation and data retention, the CoE’s initiatives related to procedural law, and search and seizure of stored computer data.Less
This chapter examines international cooperation with respect to cybersecurity and cybercrime and argues that the approaches used by the Group of Eight (G8) and the Council of Europe (CoE) raise significant problems regarding privacy and other key values. Moreover, the efforts of both international bodies amount to policy laundering because they circumvent national democratic discourses in favor of comparatively closed international decision-making processes. The solutions offered by the G8 and the CoE may have implications for the interaction between technology and law, on one hand, and between national discourse and international policy making, on the other hand. The chapter outlines strategies for reinserting deliberative democracy into these processes. After discussing the challenges of jurisdiction and national technology policy, it looks at the logic of conventions and the G8’s work on data preservation and data retention, the CoE’s initiatives related to procedural law, and search and seizure of stored computer data.
Milton L. Mueller
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014595
- eISBN:
- 9780262289665
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014595.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
When the prevailing governing system divides the planet into mutually exclusive territorial monopolies of force, which institutions can govern the Internet, with its transnational scope, boundless ...
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When the prevailing governing system divides the planet into mutually exclusive territorial monopolies of force, which institutions can govern the Internet, with its transnational scope, boundless scale, and distributed control? Given filtering/censorship by states and concerns over national cybersecurity, it is often assumed that the Internet will inevitably be subordinated to the traditional system of nation-states. This book counters this view, showing how Internet governance poses novel and fascinating governance issues that give rise to global politics and new transnational institutions. Drawing on the theories of networked governance, it provides a broad overview of Internet governance from the formation of ICANN to the clash at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), the formation of the Internet Governance Forum, the global assault on peer-to-peer file sharing, and the rise of national-level Internet control and security concerns. Internet governance has become a source of conflict in international relations. This book explores the role that emerging transnational institutions could play in fostering the global governance of the communication-information policy.Less
When the prevailing governing system divides the planet into mutually exclusive territorial monopolies of force, which institutions can govern the Internet, with its transnational scope, boundless scale, and distributed control? Given filtering/censorship by states and concerns over national cybersecurity, it is often assumed that the Internet will inevitably be subordinated to the traditional system of nation-states. This book counters this view, showing how Internet governance poses novel and fascinating governance issues that give rise to global politics and new transnational institutions. Drawing on the theories of networked governance, it provides a broad overview of Internet governance from the formation of ICANN to the clash at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), the formation of the Internet Governance Forum, the global assault on peer-to-peer file sharing, and the rise of national-level Internet control and security concerns. Internet governance has become a source of conflict in international relations. This book explores the role that emerging transnational institutions could play in fostering the global governance of the communication-information policy.
Sadie Creese, Ruth Shillair, Maria Bada, and William H. Dutton
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198843498
- eISBN:
- 9780191879326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198843498.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Threats to and attacks on the security of the Internet—unauthorized access to digital resources, such as computer hardware, software, data, and data centers—have become a major global issue in the ...
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Threats to and attacks on the security of the Internet—unauthorized access to digital resources, such as computer hardware, software, data, and data centers—have become a major global issue in the twenty-first century. One consequence is that policy-makers are focusing more attention on global strategies, given that nations without the capacity to maintain security can be exploited by malevolent actors in ways that undermine other states. And this strategy presents policy-makers with an opportunity to become more proactive in building national capacity to withstand threats to the security of the Internet, rather than addressing security breaches only after they occur. Bringing together data from multiple sources in 138 countries, this chapter provides an overview of global cybersecurity capacity building and examines whether these efforts actually enhance security for end users of the Internet.Less
Threats to and attacks on the security of the Internet—unauthorized access to digital resources, such as computer hardware, software, data, and data centers—have become a major global issue in the twenty-first century. One consequence is that policy-makers are focusing more attention on global strategies, given that nations without the capacity to maintain security can be exploited by malevolent actors in ways that undermine other states. And this strategy presents policy-makers with an opportunity to become more proactive in building national capacity to withstand threats to the security of the Internet, rather than addressing security breaches only after they occur. Bringing together data from multiple sources in 138 countries, this chapter provides an overview of global cybersecurity capacity building and examines whether these efforts actually enhance security for end users of the Internet.
Milton L. Mueller
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014595
- eISBN:
- 9780262289665
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014595.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter provides a brief introduction to Internet governance, examines how the Internet has proven to be a debatable source in international politics, and shows how this impacts international ...
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This chapter provides a brief introduction to Internet governance, examines how the Internet has proven to be a debatable source in international politics, and shows how this impacts international relations. It further elaborates on the terminology used in this book and also outlines major drivers of global Internet governance: Intellectual property protection, cybersecurity, content regulation, and critical Internet resources. Furthermore, the discussion continues with a short description of networks and states, the ways in which the Internet puts pressure on the nation-state, networked governance, sectors and institutions, and the important role of transnational policies. The chapter concludes with a content description of later parts and their subparts in the book.Less
This chapter provides a brief introduction to Internet governance, examines how the Internet has proven to be a debatable source in international politics, and shows how this impacts international relations. It further elaborates on the terminology used in this book and also outlines major drivers of global Internet governance: Intellectual property protection, cybersecurity, content regulation, and critical Internet resources. Furthermore, the discussion continues with a short description of networks and states, the ways in which the Internet puts pressure on the nation-state, networked governance, sectors and institutions, and the important role of transnational policies. The chapter concludes with a content description of later parts and their subparts in the book.
Shawn M. Powers and Michael Jablonski
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039126
- eISBN:
- 9780252097102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039126.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter examines the significance of the United States' globally robust surveillance apparatus, led by the National Security Agency (NSA), with particular emphasis on the tension between the ...
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This chapter examines the significance of the United States' globally robust surveillance apparatus, led by the National Security Agency (NSA), with particular emphasis on the tension between the internet-freedom movement and cybersecurity policy. Central to this tension is the question of anonymity, or whether or not it is possible to connect behaviors or material online to a particular person. On the one hand, anonymity is central to freedom online, and for online speech in particular. On the other hand, anonymity enables criminal behavior online, ranging from intellectual property theft to whole-scale cyber warfare. The chapter links the specific vision of internet freedom proposed by State Secretary Hillary Clinton to the revelations of the NSA-led surveillance apparatus and suggests that the United States's proposal for a freedom to connect deviates from traditional protections for freedom of expression by not protecting anonymous speech. It also describes the practical consequences of a global communications infrastructure that lacks any guarantee of confidentiality of messages across borders.Less
This chapter examines the significance of the United States' globally robust surveillance apparatus, led by the National Security Agency (NSA), with particular emphasis on the tension between the internet-freedom movement and cybersecurity policy. Central to this tension is the question of anonymity, or whether or not it is possible to connect behaviors or material online to a particular person. On the one hand, anonymity is central to freedom online, and for online speech in particular. On the other hand, anonymity enables criminal behavior online, ranging from intellectual property theft to whole-scale cyber warfare. The chapter links the specific vision of internet freedom proposed by State Secretary Hillary Clinton to the revelations of the NSA-led surveillance apparatus and suggests that the United States's proposal for a freedom to connect deviates from traditional protections for freedom of expression by not protecting anonymous speech. It also describes the practical consequences of a global communications infrastructure that lacks any guarantee of confidentiality of messages across borders.
Dan Schiller
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252038761
- eISBN:
- 9780252096716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252038761.003.0014
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter examines concerns regarding the internet's strategic vulnerabilities and the challenges to the longstanding U.S. approach to global internet governance both from within and without. The ...
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This chapter examines concerns regarding the internet's strategic vulnerabilities and the challenges to the longstanding U.S. approach to global internet governance both from within and without. The 1990s and the decade that followed witnessed scattered cyberattacks, occasionally quite serious ones. U.S. analysts charged that China-based hackers had repeatedly broken into U.S. military organizations, corporate contractors, and digital services, and that they had insinuated “logic bombs” into U.S. networks for possible later use. This chapter first considers issues pertaining to cyber-conflict, in which network-enabled weapons launched a far-reaching reappraisal of strategic imperatives, before discussing the U.S.'s cyber-conflict policy, including the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative adopted in January 2008 and efforts to reconstruct the internet around territorially bounded networks imbued with connectivity restrictions. It also explores how foregrounding digital sites of accumulation gave rise to an increasingly fractious geopolitics of information.Less
This chapter examines concerns regarding the internet's strategic vulnerabilities and the challenges to the longstanding U.S. approach to global internet governance both from within and without. The 1990s and the decade that followed witnessed scattered cyberattacks, occasionally quite serious ones. U.S. analysts charged that China-based hackers had repeatedly broken into U.S. military organizations, corporate contractors, and digital services, and that they had insinuated “logic bombs” into U.S. networks for possible later use. This chapter first considers issues pertaining to cyber-conflict, in which network-enabled weapons launched a far-reaching reappraisal of strategic imperatives, before discussing the U.S.'s cyber-conflict policy, including the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative adopted in January 2008 and efforts to reconstruct the internet around territorially bounded networks imbued with connectivity restrictions. It also explores how foregrounding digital sites of accumulation gave rise to an increasingly fractious geopolitics of information.
Nicole Nguyen
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780816698264
- eISBN:
- 9781452955209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816698264.003.0005
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
The fourth chapter looks in-depth at Milton’s curriculum to investigate how the Homeland Security program centered on threat and insecurity by exploring topics such as agro-terrorism, bio-terrorism, ...
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The fourth chapter looks in-depth at Milton’s curriculum to investigate how the Homeland Security program centered on threat and insecurity by exploring topics such as agro-terrorism, bio-terrorism, chemical warfare, cybersecurity, and school shootings. This chapter especially illustrates how military values and national security priorities inflected everyday life in Milton’s Homeland Security program.Less
The fourth chapter looks in-depth at Milton’s curriculum to investigate how the Homeland Security program centered on threat and insecurity by exploring topics such as agro-terrorism, bio-terrorism, chemical warfare, cybersecurity, and school shootings. This chapter especially illustrates how military values and national security priorities inflected everyday life in Milton’s Homeland Security program.
Jon R. Lindsay, Tai Ming Cheung, and Derek S. Reveron (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190201265
- eISBN:
- 9780190201302
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190201265.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
Chinese cyber espionage is commonly portrayed in the West as a major threat to economic and national security. From China’s perspective, the United States poses a major cyberthreat to other countries ...
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Chinese cyber espionage is commonly portrayed in the West as a major threat to economic and national security. From China’s perspective, the United States poses a major cyberthreat to other countries because of its outsized influence over the Internet, willingness to use cyber weapons against its adversaries, and exploitation of major firms like Microsoft and Google for intelligence. Mistrust and confusion have complicated Internet politics on both sides of the Pacific. To get beyond the hype, an understanding of China and cybersecurity requires a combination of international and interdisciplinary perspectives. This book brings a balance of technical, political, economic, legal, and strategic analysis by authors from China, the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Even though the contributors to this volume do not always agree with one another—an important point in itself—they reveal underlying political and economic dynamics that will remain relevant even as new facts and opinions emerge in a fast-changing domain. This volume contributes substantively to our understanding of China and cybersecurity, both complex topics on their own, by exploring how China’s domestic political and economic system shapes its cyber activities. The collaboration also stands as an example of how Chinese and Western experts can work together to improve trust and understanding in an area of great mutual concern.Less
Chinese cyber espionage is commonly portrayed in the West as a major threat to economic and national security. From China’s perspective, the United States poses a major cyberthreat to other countries because of its outsized influence over the Internet, willingness to use cyber weapons against its adversaries, and exploitation of major firms like Microsoft and Google for intelligence. Mistrust and confusion have complicated Internet politics on both sides of the Pacific. To get beyond the hype, an understanding of China and cybersecurity requires a combination of international and interdisciplinary perspectives. This book brings a balance of technical, political, economic, legal, and strategic analysis by authors from China, the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Even though the contributors to this volume do not always agree with one another—an important point in itself—they reveal underlying political and economic dynamics that will remain relevant even as new facts and opinions emerge in a fast-changing domain. This volume contributes substantively to our understanding of China and cybersecurity, both complex topics on their own, by exploring how China’s domestic political and economic system shapes its cyber activities. The collaboration also stands as an example of how Chinese and Western experts can work together to improve trust and understanding in an area of great mutual concern.
Timothy Rouse, David N. Levine, Allison Itami, and Benjamin Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- October 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198845553
- eISBN:
- 9780191880728
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198845553.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Pensions and Pension Management, Innovation
The U.S. has no comprehensive national law governing cybersecurity and no uniform framework for measuring the effectiveness of protections, though retirement plan record keepers maintain the ...
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The U.S. has no comprehensive national law governing cybersecurity and no uniform framework for measuring the effectiveness of protections, though retirement plan record keepers maintain the personally identifiable information on millions of workers, collecting names, birth dates, social security numbers, and beneficiaries. Plan sponsors frequently engage consultants and attorneys to help them secure sensitive data, but more work is necessary to engage a larger discussion around this issue. The SPARK Institute has outlined a flexible approach for an independent third-party reporting of cyber security capabilities with several key control objectives.Less
The U.S. has no comprehensive national law governing cybersecurity and no uniform framework for measuring the effectiveness of protections, though retirement plan record keepers maintain the personally identifiable information on millions of workers, collecting names, birth dates, social security numbers, and beneficiaries. Plan sponsors frequently engage consultants and attorneys to help them secure sensitive data, but more work is necessary to engage a larger discussion around this issue. The SPARK Institute has outlined a flexible approach for an independent third-party reporting of cyber security capabilities with several key control objectives.
Zachary K. Goldman and Samuel J. Rascoff (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190458072
- eISBN:
- 9780190458102
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Comparative Law
In a world that is increasingly unstable, intelligence services such as the American CIA, the U.K.’s Secret Intelligence Service, and Israel’s Mossad exist to deliver security and stability. Whether ...
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In a world that is increasingly unstable, intelligence services such as the American CIA, the U.K.’s Secret Intelligence Service, and Israel’s Mossad exist to deliver security and stability. Whether the challenge involves terrorism, cybersecurity, or the renewed specter of great power conflict, intelligence agencies mitigate threats and provide decisional advantage to national security leaders. But empowered intelligence services require adequate supervision and oversight, which must be about more than the narrow (if still precarious) task of ensuring the legality of covert operations and surveillance activities. This book is a comparative investigation of how democratic countries can govern their intelligence services so that they are effective, but operate within frameworks that are acceptable to their people in a complex and interconnected world. The book demonstrates how the institutions that oversee intelligence agencies participate in the protection of national security while safeguarding privacy and civil liberties, balancing among competing national interests, and building public trust in inherently secret activities. It does so by analyzing the role of organizations such as courts and independent oversight bodies as they operate in countries with both robust frameworks of constitutional law and powerful intelligence services. The volume also illuminates the ways in which new forces, such as global technology companies and courts whose jurisdiction crosses national boundaries, play an important role in intelligence oversight. As rapid changes in technology bring the world increasingly closer together, these forces will complement their more traditional counterparts in ensuring that intelligence activities remain effective, legitimate, and sustainable.Less
In a world that is increasingly unstable, intelligence services such as the American CIA, the U.K.’s Secret Intelligence Service, and Israel’s Mossad exist to deliver security and stability. Whether the challenge involves terrorism, cybersecurity, or the renewed specter of great power conflict, intelligence agencies mitigate threats and provide decisional advantage to national security leaders. But empowered intelligence services require adequate supervision and oversight, which must be about more than the narrow (if still precarious) task of ensuring the legality of covert operations and surveillance activities. This book is a comparative investigation of how democratic countries can govern their intelligence services so that they are effective, but operate within frameworks that are acceptable to their people in a complex and interconnected world. The book demonstrates how the institutions that oversee intelligence agencies participate in the protection of national security while safeguarding privacy and civil liberties, balancing among competing national interests, and building public trust in inherently secret activities. It does so by analyzing the role of organizations such as courts and independent oversight bodies as they operate in countries with both robust frameworks of constitutional law and powerful intelligence services. The volume also illuminates the ways in which new forces, such as global technology companies and courts whose jurisdiction crosses national boundaries, play an important role in intelligence oversight. As rapid changes in technology bring the world increasingly closer together, these forces will complement their more traditional counterparts in ensuring that intelligence activities remain effective, legitimate, and sustainable.
