David W. DeLong
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195170979
- eISBN:
- 9780199789719
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195170979.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This chapter describes HR processes and practices needed to address four common problems that organizations must address to retain knowledge and develop workforce capabilities in an era of changing ...
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This chapter describes HR processes and practices needed to address four common problems that organizations must address to retain knowledge and develop workforce capabilities in an era of changing workforce demographics. Key elements of an effective HR infrastructure include skills inventory systems that allow managers to evaluate their existing knowledge base, succession planning and career development processes, and phased retirement policies. Culture change is discussed, which is increasingly necessary to create the characteristics of a retention culture that enhances retention of both high performing employees and critical knowledge.Less
This chapter describes HR processes and practices needed to address four common problems that organizations must address to retain knowledge and develop workforce capabilities in an era of changing workforce demographics. Key elements of an effective HR infrastructure include skills inventory systems that allow managers to evaluate their existing knowledge base, succession planning and career development processes, and phased retirement policies. Culture change is discussed, which is increasingly necessary to create the characteristics of a retention culture that enhances retention of both high performing employees and critical knowledge.
GEORGE F. LAU
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265031
- eISBN:
- 9780191754142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265031.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, American History: pre-Columbian BCE to 500CE
This chapter reviews archaeological evidence for culture change during the first millennium ad in north-central Peru, and its implications for the spread of language(s). Important developments ...
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This chapter reviews archaeological evidence for culture change during the first millennium ad in north-central Peru, and its implications for the spread of language(s). Important developments deriving from regional interaction typified the first centuries ad (north-west Ancash), the seventh century ad (Callejón de Huaylas), and the end of the Middle Horizon (across departments). If major language expansions can be pegged to transformations in material style, they should be sought in these periods and areas. Many different Amerindian languages are known from the region (Culle, Mochica, Quingnam, Quechua, Aymara), although most are now extinct. The cultural heterogeneity in north-central Peru during the Early Intermediate Period may indicate considerable time-depth for such linguistic diversity. The subsequent Middle Horizon marks a period of widespread interaction, though varying in nature and impact through time. This elicits issues for future research in the linguistic prehistory of the central Andes.Less
This chapter reviews archaeological evidence for culture change during the first millennium ad in north-central Peru, and its implications for the spread of language(s). Important developments deriving from regional interaction typified the first centuries ad (north-west Ancash), the seventh century ad (Callejón de Huaylas), and the end of the Middle Horizon (across departments). If major language expansions can be pegged to transformations in material style, they should be sought in these periods and areas. Many different Amerindian languages are known from the region (Culle, Mochica, Quingnam, Quechua, Aymara), although most are now extinct. The cultural heterogeneity in north-central Peru during the Early Intermediate Period may indicate considerable time-depth for such linguistic diversity. The subsequent Middle Horizon marks a period of widespread interaction, though varying in nature and impact through time. This elicits issues for future research in the linguistic prehistory of the central Andes.
Mark Carey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195396065
- eISBN:
- 9780199775682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396065.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter examines disaster responses and environmental perceptions of climate change and glacier retreat through an analysis of the 1941 Huaraz and 1945 Chavín de Huantar glacial lake outburst ...
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This chapter examines disaster responses and environmental perceptions of climate change and glacier retreat through an analysis of the 1941 Huaraz and 1945 Chavín de Huantar glacial lake outburst floods, which killed 5,000 and 500 people, respectively. For the people most affected, the urban Huaraz population, the disaster not only leveled physical structures but also toppled symbols of social standing, wealth, status, and even the culturally constructed racial categories that supposedly distinguished Indians, mestizos, and creoles (whites). Essentially, the floods erased supposed boundaries between highland and lowland, countryside and city, and nature and civilization. Conceptualizing Cordillera Blanca glacial lake disasters as the combination of societal and environmental forces illuminates the culture of climate change and reveals why residents later rejected hazard zoning. It also explains why Huaraz urban inhabitants turned to state science and technology to protect them from glacier retreat.Less
This chapter examines disaster responses and environmental perceptions of climate change and glacier retreat through an analysis of the 1941 Huaraz and 1945 Chavín de Huantar glacial lake outburst floods, which killed 5,000 and 500 people, respectively. For the people most affected, the urban Huaraz population, the disaster not only leveled physical structures but also toppled symbols of social standing, wealth, status, and even the culturally constructed racial categories that supposedly distinguished Indians, mestizos, and creoles (whites). Essentially, the floods erased supposed boundaries between highland and lowland, countryside and city, and nature and civilization. Conceptualizing Cordillera Blanca glacial lake disasters as the combination of societal and environmental forces illuminates the culture of climate change and reveals why residents later rejected hazard zoning. It also explains why Huaraz urban inhabitants turned to state science and technology to protect them from glacier retreat.
Graciela S. Cabana
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036076
- eISBN:
- 9780813041780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036076.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This chapter presents a philosophical piece problematizing the migration concept through a historical analysis of the relationship between migration and “culture change.” Graciela Cabana argues that ...
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This chapter presents a philosophical piece problematizing the migration concept through a historical analysis of the relationship between migration and “culture change.” Graciela Cabana argues that current definitions and uses of “migration” were developed to answer anthropological specific questions, suggesting that perhaps, migration has since functioned as a handmaiden to studies of culture change. The challenge presented, then, is to divorce ourselves from our immediate academic concerns in order to think epistemologically about what migration is and how to best approach it in prehistoric studies.Less
This chapter presents a philosophical piece problematizing the migration concept through a historical analysis of the relationship between migration and “culture change.” Graciela Cabana argues that current definitions and uses of “migration” were developed to answer anthropological specific questions, suggesting that perhaps, migration has since functioned as a handmaiden to studies of culture change. The challenge presented, then, is to divorce ourselves from our immediate academic concerns in order to think epistemologically about what migration is and how to best approach it in prehistoric studies.
Andrzej Nowak, Wouter de Raad, and Wojciech Borkowski1
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199840694
- eISBN:
- 9780199932726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199840694.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The goal of dynamical minimalism is to identify the simplest mechanisms and the fewest variables capable of producing the phenomenon we are trying to explain. Dynamical minimalism bases its ...
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The goal of dynamical minimalism is to identify the simplest mechanisms and the fewest variables capable of producing the phenomenon we are trying to explain. Dynamical minimalism bases its explanation on emergence: Complex properties on the level of a system arise in unexpected ways from the interactions of simple elements. Computer simulations are used to identify the simplest properties of elements and the rules of interactions that produce the phenomenon. Several models of influence and their emergent properties are discussed in relation to how culture emerges and how cultural changes occur. The properties of the models are related to known cultural variables. A second family of models investigates the integration process of individuals coming from different cultures. Computer simulations show that many properties of culture may be explained by simple, local rules of influence among individuals and that typical patterns of cultural change and critical parameters can be identified for the dynamics of culture.Less
The goal of dynamical minimalism is to identify the simplest mechanisms and the fewest variables capable of producing the phenomenon we are trying to explain. Dynamical minimalism bases its explanation on emergence: Complex properties on the level of a system arise in unexpected ways from the interactions of simple elements. Computer simulations are used to identify the simplest properties of elements and the rules of interactions that produce the phenomenon. Several models of influence and their emergent properties are discussed in relation to how culture emerges and how cultural changes occur. The properties of the models are related to known cultural variables. A second family of models investigates the integration process of individuals coming from different cultures. Computer simulations show that many properties of culture may be explained by simple, local rules of influence among individuals and that typical patterns of cultural change and critical parameters can be identified for the dynamics of culture.
Michele J. Gelfand, Chi-yue Chiu, and Ying-yi Hong
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199840694
- eISBN:
- 9780199932726
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199840694.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Volume II of the Advances in Culture and Psychology showcases contributions from internationally renowned culture scholars who span the discipline of culture and psychology and represent diversity in ...
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Volume II of the Advances in Culture and Psychology showcases contributions from internationally renowned culture scholars who span the discipline of culture and psychology and represent diversity in the theory and study of culture within psychology. The volume includes cutting edge contributions on culture and neuroscience, culture and intelligence, culture and human development, culture and personality, culture and language, and culture change.Less
Volume II of the Advances in Culture and Psychology showcases contributions from internationally renowned culture scholars who span the discipline of culture and psychology and represent diversity in the theory and study of culture within psychology. The volume includes cutting edge contributions on culture and neuroscience, culture and intelligence, culture and human development, culture and personality, culture and language, and culture change.
Diane Crocker and Marcus A. Sibley
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190071820
- eISBN:
- 9780190071851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190071820.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter explores how rape culture, as a concept, is used to mobilize efforts to reduce campus sexual violence. While rape culture is not simple, institutional responses assume it is. This ...
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This chapter explores how rape culture, as a concept, is used to mobilize efforts to reduce campus sexual violence. While rape culture is not simple, institutional responses assume it is. This insight is informed by complexity theory. Rape culture is a complex context that does not respond well to solutions that assume static, cause–effect relationships. The chapter describes a Canadian project that used narrative methods to solicit stories about rape culture from students and invited them to code their own stories and how they would characterize aspects of their experiences. The chapter explores how students make meaning of and understand rape culture in contrast to dominant narratives in research and advocacy. Additionally it explores the students’ stories’ themes to illustrate limitations inherent in current efforts to transform campus rape culture.Less
This chapter explores how rape culture, as a concept, is used to mobilize efforts to reduce campus sexual violence. While rape culture is not simple, institutional responses assume it is. This insight is informed by complexity theory. Rape culture is a complex context that does not respond well to solutions that assume static, cause–effect relationships. The chapter describes a Canadian project that used narrative methods to solicit stories about rape culture from students and invited them to code their own stories and how they would characterize aspects of their experiences. The chapter explores how students make meaning of and understand rape culture in contrast to dominant narratives in research and advocacy. Additionally it explores the students’ stories’ themes to illustrate limitations inherent in current efforts to transform campus rape culture.
Elihu M. Gerson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262019552
- eISBN:
- 9780262314787
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262019552.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Culture is a system of institutions, each of which is made up of conventions: collective capacities to perform some activity reliably. Institutions are embodied in concrete organizations, and are ...
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Culture is a system of institutions, each of which is made up of conventions: collective capacities to perform some activity reliably. Institutions are embodied in concrete organizations, and are articulated through common knowledge, i.e., things that all participants know are known by all participants. The collective nature of institutions makes biological evolution, development, and ecological community inappropriate as metaphors for describing culture change. Culture change involves local change in conventions, abstraction and analogy, and recreation of the change in other contexts. These changes require reflexivity at the individual level.Less
Culture is a system of institutions, each of which is made up of conventions: collective capacities to perform some activity reliably. Institutions are embodied in concrete organizations, and are articulated through common knowledge, i.e., things that all participants know are known by all participants. The collective nature of institutions makes biological evolution, development, and ecological community inappropriate as metaphors for describing culture change. Culture change involves local change in conventions, abstraction and analogy, and recreation of the change in other contexts. These changes require reflexivity at the individual level.
Suzan Lewis and Janet Smithson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422200
- eISBN:
- 9781447304326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422200.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter discusses the UK private sector finance organisation which claims to have moved beyond the work-life policy implementation to address organisational culture change. A drive for culture ...
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This chapter discusses the UK private sector finance organisation which claims to have moved beyond the work-life policy implementation to address organisational culture change. A drive for culture change stems from the need to develop a single organisational culture and identity following mergers and acquisitions. The workplace policies and practices documented in this chapter are interpreted through a conceptual framework based on organisational learning theory and the concept of a dual agenda for change in which workplace policies aim to meet the complementary rather than conflicting needs of the organisation and its employees. This chapter questions how far a cultural change in this workplace signifies a form of transformational learning. The chapter ends by concluding that change is a complex and a dynamic process, with some transformational change taking place alongside some management resistance.Less
This chapter discusses the UK private sector finance organisation which claims to have moved beyond the work-life policy implementation to address organisational culture change. A drive for culture change stems from the need to develop a single organisational culture and identity following mergers and acquisitions. The workplace policies and practices documented in this chapter are interpreted through a conceptual framework based on organisational learning theory and the concept of a dual agenda for change in which workplace policies aim to meet the complementary rather than conflicting needs of the organisation and its employees. This chapter questions how far a cultural change in this workplace signifies a form of transformational learning. The chapter ends by concluding that change is a complex and a dynamic process, with some transformational change taking place alongside some management resistance.
Lan Cao
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199915231
- eISBN:
- 9780199362936
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199915231.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The growth of international law in the post–World War II era stemmed partly from the belief that universal norms would make life for the world’s population safer, more equitable, and more conducive ...
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The growth of international law in the post–World War II era stemmed partly from the belief that universal norms would make life for the world’s population safer, more equitable, and more conducive to each person’s acquisition of basic material needs. Starting in the sixties, some scholars and activists challenged this assumption with “cultural relativism,” which favors local cultural traditions over international human rights norms. Scholars tried to create a middle-ground between universalism and relativism, whereby the most egregious violations would be prevented through assimilating jus cogens norms into existing cultural traditions. Such efforts largely failed. This book presents a new solution to this seemingly intractable problem by changing culture through law and development. This book demonstrates how the gradual expansion of development norms provides a model for changing culture in ways that protect and advance local populations. This book adopts a holistic view of development and argues that cultural norms that impede the human capabilities of the poor and other marginal groups should be changed. Some antidevelopment norms fall within a human rights framework, such as female genital mutilation. Others, such as denying girls access to basic education, straddle both human rights and law and development traditions. Others fit within a market-oriented view of law and development. The book reveals how culture change can succeed while nonviolative local traditions are otherwise honored and preserved. Cultural change does not have to constitute cultural disrespect and local societies benefit by a careful combination of externally wrought change and internally fostered tradition.Less
The growth of international law in the post–World War II era stemmed partly from the belief that universal norms would make life for the world’s population safer, more equitable, and more conducive to each person’s acquisition of basic material needs. Starting in the sixties, some scholars and activists challenged this assumption with “cultural relativism,” which favors local cultural traditions over international human rights norms. Scholars tried to create a middle-ground between universalism and relativism, whereby the most egregious violations would be prevented through assimilating jus cogens norms into existing cultural traditions. Such efforts largely failed. This book presents a new solution to this seemingly intractable problem by changing culture through law and development. This book demonstrates how the gradual expansion of development norms provides a model for changing culture in ways that protect and advance local populations. This book adopts a holistic view of development and argues that cultural norms that impede the human capabilities of the poor and other marginal groups should be changed. Some antidevelopment norms fall within a human rights framework, such as female genital mutilation. Others, such as denying girls access to basic education, straddle both human rights and law and development traditions. Others fit within a market-oriented view of law and development. The book reveals how culture change can succeed while nonviolative local traditions are otherwise honored and preserved. Cultural change does not have to constitute cultural disrespect and local societies benefit by a careful combination of externally wrought change and internally fostered tradition.
Graciela S. Cabana and Jeffery J. Clark (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036076
- eISBN:
- 9780813041780
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036076.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
All too often, anthropologists study specific facets of human migration without guidance from the other subdisciplines (archaeology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistics) ...
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All too often, anthropologists study specific facets of human migration without guidance from the other subdisciplines (archaeology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistics) that can provide new insights on the topic. The equivocal results of these narrow studies often make the discussion of impact and consequences speculative. In the last decade, however, anthropologists working independently in the four subdisciplines have developed powerful methodologies to detect and assess the scale of past migrations. Yet these advances are known only to a few specialized researchers. This book brings together these new methods in one volume and addresses innovative approaches to migration research that emerge from the collective effort of scholars from different intellectual backgrounds. Its chapters present a comprehensive anthropological exploration of the many topics related to human migration throughout the world, ranging from theoretical treatments to specific case studies derived primarily from the Americas prior to European contact.Less
All too often, anthropologists study specific facets of human migration without guidance from the other subdisciplines (archaeology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistics) that can provide new insights on the topic. The equivocal results of these narrow studies often make the discussion of impact and consequences speculative. In the last decade, however, anthropologists working independently in the four subdisciplines have developed powerful methodologies to detect and assess the scale of past migrations. Yet these advances are known only to a few specialized researchers. This book brings together these new methods in one volume and addresses innovative approaches to migration research that emerge from the collective effort of scholars from different intellectual backgrounds. Its chapters present a comprehensive anthropological exploration of the many topics related to human migration throughout the world, ranging from theoretical treatments to specific case studies derived primarily from the Americas prior to European contact.
Deborah A. Bolnick
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036076
- eISBN:
- 9780813041780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036076.003.0014
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
Historically, anthropologists have treated migration as a source and form of major change, involving mass population movement over large distances and across sociocultural boundaries. Migration ...
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Historically, anthropologists have treated migration as a source and form of major change, involving mass population movement over large distances and across sociocultural boundaries. Migration studies in molecular anthropology fit squarely within this tradition since most studies have tested hypotheses of large-scale population movement. This chapter provides an overview of how molecular anthropologists approach the issue of migration, drawing on examples from genetic studies of Native Americans. Using two case studies of migration on a more localized scale, this chapter shows that the short range, short term, and incremental movements of individuals are also important. These small-scale movements can have a profound effect on the genetic structure of human populations, and they indicate that migration is not always associated with upheaval and change. Rather, some forms of migration comprise a normal part of everyday life and produce continuity rather than change.Less
Historically, anthropologists have treated migration as a source and form of major change, involving mass population movement over large distances and across sociocultural boundaries. Migration studies in molecular anthropology fit squarely within this tradition since most studies have tested hypotheses of large-scale population movement. This chapter provides an overview of how molecular anthropologists approach the issue of migration, drawing on examples from genetic studies of Native Americans. Using two case studies of migration on a more localized scale, this chapter shows that the short range, short term, and incremental movements of individuals are also important. These small-scale movements can have a profound effect on the genetic structure of human populations, and they indicate that migration is not always associated with upheaval and change. Rather, some forms of migration comprise a normal part of everyday life and produce continuity rather than change.
Barbara Rogoff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195319903
- eISBN:
- 9780199893744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195319903.003.0045
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Ushering babies into this world is the sacred work of a Mayan midwife (“iyoom”). The divine selection of an individual for this work is indicated by a sign at her birth. However, fewer sacred ...
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Ushering babies into this world is the sacred work of a Mayan midwife (“iyoom”). The divine selection of an individual for this work is indicated by a sign at her birth. However, fewer sacred midwives are taking up this calling, which worries the sacred midwives of San Pedro. Chona's interest in setting her life and work down on paper is to preserve the ancient wisdom that is in danger of being lost. Over the years, this account expanded to include childrearing more generally, and how some cultural practices have changed and some have been sustained over more than 80 years. Many changes relate to increased communication with people of other backgrounds, of other places—including researchers. The sources of information for the book include accounts by Chona and her family, Barbara's decades of research and participation in the community, and notes and writings of Lois and Ben Paul and other scholars.Less
Ushering babies into this world is the sacred work of a Mayan midwife (“iyoom”). The divine selection of an individual for this work is indicated by a sign at her birth. However, fewer sacred midwives are taking up this calling, which worries the sacred midwives of San Pedro. Chona's interest in setting her life and work down on paper is to preserve the ancient wisdom that is in danger of being lost. Over the years, this account expanded to include childrearing more generally, and how some cultural practices have changed and some have been sustained over more than 80 years. Many changes relate to increased communication with people of other backgrounds, of other places—including researchers. The sources of information for the book include accounts by Chona and her family, Barbara's decades of research and participation in the community, and notes and writings of Lois and Ben Paul and other scholars.
Allan H. Church and W. Warner Burke
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190879860
- eISBN:
- 9780190051075
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190879860.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter focuses on the application of Strategic 360 Feedback specifically for large-scale organization development (OD) and change interventions. The emphasis is on (a) ways in which using ...
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This chapter focuses on the application of Strategic 360 Feedback specifically for large-scale organization development (OD) and change interventions. The emphasis is on (a) ways in which using data-based feedback for OD efforts is similar to and different from other applications and (b) the origins, evolution, and current state of the method as a key tool for OD practitioners. The chapter begins with an overview of the role and key differentiators of strategic 360 Feedback for OD and change-related interventions. Following a discussion of the importance of linking the process to a broader strategic organizational framework such as the Burke–Litwin model, case examples are provided for using 360 Feedback as either a transactional (managerial) or a transformational (leadership) lever for change. The chapter concludes with summary observations about the evolution and potential future of 360 Feedback for OD interventions, with an emphasis on trends in technology and the digitization of human resources.Less
This chapter focuses on the application of Strategic 360 Feedback specifically for large-scale organization development (OD) and change interventions. The emphasis is on (a) ways in which using data-based feedback for OD efforts is similar to and different from other applications and (b) the origins, evolution, and current state of the method as a key tool for OD practitioners. The chapter begins with an overview of the role and key differentiators of strategic 360 Feedback for OD and change-related interventions. Following a discussion of the importance of linking the process to a broader strategic organizational framework such as the Burke–Litwin model, case examples are provided for using 360 Feedback as either a transactional (managerial) or a transformational (leadership) lever for change. The chapter concludes with summary observations about the evolution and potential future of 360 Feedback for OD interventions, with an emphasis on trends in technology and the digitization of human resources.
H Clark Barrett
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190492908
- eISBN:
- 9780190879853
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines the dynamics of culture change and cultural stability among the Shuar, an indigenous Amazonian society in southeastern Ecuador. While the Shuar have always engaged in ...
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This chapter examines the dynamics of culture change and cultural stability among the Shuar, an indigenous Amazonian society in southeastern Ecuador. While the Shuar have always engaged in transactions with markets and global flows in Ecuador and beyond, rapid changes in technology and infrastructure in the Amazon region are leading to changes in economic and social practices, norms, ideologies, and modes of interaction within and across Shuar society. The conceptual tools of cultural evolutionary theory may help readers to understand which aspects of Shuar social and economic life remain relatively stable through these transitions and which aspects undergo rapid change and why. This chapter proposes a framework for theorizing domains of change and stasis in contemporary Shuar culture and suggests ways in which this framework can be applied to understanding broader questions about the dynamics of human cultural history.Less
This chapter examines the dynamics of culture change and cultural stability among the Shuar, an indigenous Amazonian society in southeastern Ecuador. While the Shuar have always engaged in transactions with markets and global flows in Ecuador and beyond, rapid changes in technology and infrastructure in the Amazon region are leading to changes in economic and social practices, norms, ideologies, and modes of interaction within and across Shuar society. The conceptual tools of cultural evolutionary theory may help readers to understand which aspects of Shuar social and economic life remain relatively stable through these transitions and which aspects undergo rapid change and why. This chapter proposes a framework for theorizing domains of change and stasis in contemporary Shuar culture and suggests ways in which this framework can be applied to understanding broader questions about the dynamics of human cultural history.
Brian Pertl
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190658397
- eISBN:
- 9780190658434
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658397.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Performing Practice/Studies
This chapter presents a practical approach to implementing change in music departments and conservatories by focusing on cultural rather than curricular change. Forward-thinking proposals abound, but ...
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This chapter presents a practical approach to implementing change in music departments and conservatories by focusing on cultural rather than curricular change. Forward-thinking proposals abound, but meaningful curricular change is difficult and potentially divisive. A focus on understanding institutional culture and then using that understanding to foster changes that align with institutional values can yield tangible results quickly and chart a path toward meaningful curricular change. Drawing on his seven years of experience at the Lawrence Conservatory of Music, Dean Brian Pertl shares a snapshot of an ongoing process of cultural change, faculty engagement, and redefining the future of one particular conservatory.Less
This chapter presents a practical approach to implementing change in music departments and conservatories by focusing on cultural rather than curricular change. Forward-thinking proposals abound, but meaningful curricular change is difficult and potentially divisive. A focus on understanding institutional culture and then using that understanding to foster changes that align with institutional values can yield tangible results quickly and chart a path toward meaningful curricular change. Drawing on his seven years of experience at the Lawrence Conservatory of Music, Dean Brian Pertl shares a snapshot of an ongoing process of cultural change, faculty engagement, and redefining the future of one particular conservatory.
Harry Berger
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823245161
- eISBN:
- 9780823252657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823245161.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter introduces the reader to structural misanthropology and culture change. It begins with an overview of two paradoxes: the paradox of transcendence, or the traditional paradox, in which ...
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This chapter introduces the reader to structural misanthropology and culture change. It begins with an overview of two paradoxes: the paradox of transcendence, or the traditional paradox, in which the creature becomes the creator of the creation in which it is a creature; and the paradox of technology, or the modern paradox, in which the creator becomes the creature of its creation. It then considers how these two paradoxes relate to the cultural conditions known as “enchantment” and “disenchantment.” It also describes a model of culture change, with both paradoxes at the poles of a continuum that moves and changes through time from the dominance of traditional ideology toward the dominance of modern ideology. Finally, it discusses the basic definitions of transcendence and nature, the abstraction rule, and the role of technology in prosthesis.Less
This chapter introduces the reader to structural misanthropology and culture change. It begins with an overview of two paradoxes: the paradox of transcendence, or the traditional paradox, in which the creature becomes the creator of the creation in which it is a creature; and the paradox of technology, or the modern paradox, in which the creator becomes the creature of its creation. It then considers how these two paradoxes relate to the cultural conditions known as “enchantment” and “disenchantment.” It also describes a model of culture change, with both paradoxes at the poles of a continuum that moves and changes through time from the dominance of traditional ideology toward the dominance of modern ideology. Finally, it discusses the basic definitions of transcendence and nature, the abstraction rule, and the role of technology in prosthesis.
Michael J. Kral
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190269333
- eISBN:
- 9780190269357
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190269333.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter discusses the social–historical background against which Inuit youth have one of the highest suicide rates in the world. It takes a community, cultural, and historical perspective and ...
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This chapter discusses the social–historical background against which Inuit youth have one of the highest suicide rates in the world. It takes a community, cultural, and historical perspective and considers the view that suicide is a symbol of social suffering. The chapter examines the dominant forms of sociocultural change among Inuit during the past several decades. Although White people arrived in the Arctic in the early 20th century as missionaries, police, and a large fur-trading company, the most significant force of change in Inuit history was the moving of Inuit from their land camps into crowded settlements in the 1950s and 1960s. Much of this imperialism/colonialism is discussed, as is hunting, sharing, and schooling.Less
This chapter discusses the social–historical background against which Inuit youth have one of the highest suicide rates in the world. It takes a community, cultural, and historical perspective and considers the view that suicide is a symbol of social suffering. The chapter examines the dominant forms of sociocultural change among Inuit during the past several decades. Although White people arrived in the Arctic in the early 20th century as missionaries, police, and a large fur-trading company, the most significant force of change in Inuit history was the moving of Inuit from their land camps into crowded settlements in the 1950s and 1960s. Much of this imperialism/colonialism is discussed, as is hunting, sharing, and schooling.
Robert A. Voeks
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226547718
- eISBN:
- 9780226547855
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226547855.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter examines the question of whether knowledge and use of healing plants maintained by traditional societies is disappearing before it can benefit society at large. The main agents are ...
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This chapter examines the question of whether knowledge and use of healing plants maintained by traditional societies is disappearing before it can benefit society at large. The main agents are purported to be deforestation, over-harvest for the commercial botanical trade and, most importantly, cultural decay. This chapter argues that the cognitive link with botanical nature may well be at greater risk of extinction than the medicinal species themselves. Missionaries continue to school their rural converts to abandon the use of their medicinal plant recipes, and the increasing availability of Western pills and injections translates to waning attraction for rainforest remedies. More importantly, there seems to be little or no interest among urban or rural young people to assimilate and pass on the medicinal plant legacy of previous generations. For the younger generation, transmission of the old ways connects them with a “primitive” past with which most are keen to escape. The negative implications for future drug development are obvious. But the most significant impact is on the cultural heritage and sustainability of tropical forest societies.Less
This chapter examines the question of whether knowledge and use of healing plants maintained by traditional societies is disappearing before it can benefit society at large. The main agents are purported to be deforestation, over-harvest for the commercial botanical trade and, most importantly, cultural decay. This chapter argues that the cognitive link with botanical nature may well be at greater risk of extinction than the medicinal species themselves. Missionaries continue to school their rural converts to abandon the use of their medicinal plant recipes, and the increasing availability of Western pills and injections translates to waning attraction for rainforest remedies. More importantly, there seems to be little or no interest among urban or rural young people to assimilate and pass on the medicinal plant legacy of previous generations. For the younger generation, transmission of the old ways connects them with a “primitive” past with which most are keen to escape. The negative implications for future drug development are obvious. But the most significant impact is on the cultural heritage and sustainability of tropical forest societies.
Antonia Dietmann, Emma Milton, and Phillip Moore
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- March 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190942878
- eISBN:
- 9780190942908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190942878.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Her Majesty’s Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS) is responsible for the administration of the criminal, civil, and family courts and tribunals in England and Wales and nondevolved tribunals in ...
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Her Majesty’s Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS) is responsible for the administration of the criminal, civil, and family courts and tribunals in England and Wales and nondevolved tribunals in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In 2016, HMCTS began a 6-year, £1.2 billion transformational reform program to modernize and upgrade the courts and tribunals system. A need was identified to change the HMCTS performance management (PM) process; the personal impact and development (PID) scheme was developed in response. The PID scheme includes regular conversations with direct reports to discuss performance, strengths, aspirations, and potential. It moves the HMCTS away from a past-focused, manager-driven PM system to a joint manager–colleague approach; employees are supported to achieve their goals and reach their potential. To achieve this, the objective setting was replaced with high-level outcomes and in-year monetary reward. Feedback about the PID scheme has been positive. People like the development focus, and line managers generally enjoy the flexibility they have. It takes fewer resources to operate—principally achieved through removing the moderation process—even when accounting for the higher frequency of performance conversations. Nearly three quarters of respondents to the annual staff survey said they had regular PID chats with their line manager. Of those who said yes, 67% agreed that the PID scheme had made them feel more supported by their line manager, and 69% agreed that their line manager had the skills needed to have a meaningful chat. HMCTS is heartened by early evidence, including feedback and internal audit results.Less
Her Majesty’s Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS) is responsible for the administration of the criminal, civil, and family courts and tribunals in England and Wales and nondevolved tribunals in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In 2016, HMCTS began a 6-year, £1.2 billion transformational reform program to modernize and upgrade the courts and tribunals system. A need was identified to change the HMCTS performance management (PM) process; the personal impact and development (PID) scheme was developed in response. The PID scheme includes regular conversations with direct reports to discuss performance, strengths, aspirations, and potential. It moves the HMCTS away from a past-focused, manager-driven PM system to a joint manager–colleague approach; employees are supported to achieve their goals and reach their potential. To achieve this, the objective setting was replaced with high-level outcomes and in-year monetary reward. Feedback about the PID scheme has been positive. People like the development focus, and line managers generally enjoy the flexibility they have. It takes fewer resources to operate—principally achieved through removing the moderation process—even when accounting for the higher frequency of performance conversations. Nearly three quarters of respondents to the annual staff survey said they had regular PID chats with their line manager. Of those who said yes, 67% agreed that the PID scheme had made them feel more supported by their line manager, and 69% agreed that their line manager had the skills needed to have a meaningful chat. HMCTS is heartened by early evidence, including feedback and internal audit results.
