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Friedrich List: 1789–1846

Roman Szporluk

in Communism and Nationalism: Karl Marx versus Friedrich List

The chapter gives a short but extensive autobiography of Friedrich List. He contributed greatly to the movement for economic and political unification of Germany. He was mostly remembered as a ... More

The chapter gives a short but extensive autobiography of Friedrich List. He contributed greatly to the movement for economic and political unification of Germany. He was mostly remembered as a promoter of the railroad. He considered the railroad as an essential precondition for Germany's economic unification. Even when he was young, he shared the ideas and values of political and cultural nationalists which can be shown clearly by his reform plans for the German confederation. List was an ideologist of industrialism and industrialization. He was the only thinker who welcomed the Industrial Revolution and its political, social, and cultural consequences. He called for reform and not revolution. He wanted to give the Germans a new life and a sense of purpose. The last major cause that he participated in was the movement for raising the Zollverein tariff to stimulate industrial growth.Less

Cultural Politics: National Regeneration and Ethnic Revival

in Irish, Catholic and Scouse: The History of the Liverpool-Irish, 1800-1940

This chapter analyses the strength and dynamism of new cultural nationalists, specifically following a chronological path through nationalist cultural endeavour. It also emphasises an important shift ... More

This chapter analyses the strength and dynamism of new cultural nationalists, specifically following a chronological path through nationalist cultural endeavour. It also emphasises an important shift in focus from contestation of host stereotypes to inculcation of ‘Irish-Ireland’ culture. Cultural nationalism served as an inspirational and aspirational force in the new self-assertive political mood of the 1880s, attaining a more rigorous and exclusive tone in the 1890s. It is shown that the threat of disturbance by cultural activists encouraged the management of the Liverpool Repertory Theatre. Furthermore, as Home Rule was inactively introduced, pending the conclusion of war, a small number of activists was to set their duty very differently.Less

Indian Historical Writing since 1947

Supriya Mukherjee

in The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 5: Historical Writing Since 1945

This chapter focuses on Indian historical writing. The end of colonial rule in 1947 was a turning point in Indian historical writing and culture. History emerged as a professional discipline with the ... More

This chapter focuses on Indian historical writing. The end of colonial rule in 1947 was a turning point in Indian historical writing and culture. History emerged as a professional discipline with the establishment of new state-sponsored institutions of research and teaching. Attached to the institutionalization was the political imperative of a newly independent nation in search of a coherent and comprehensive historical narrative to support its nation-building efforts. At the same time, there was a desire to establish an autonomous Indian perspective, free of colonial constraints and distortions. In this, post-independence historiography owed much to earlier strands of nationalist historiography. During the first two decades after independence, three main trajectories of historical writing emerged: an official and largely secular nationalist historiography, a cultural nationalist historiography with strong religious overtones, and a critical Marxist trajectory based on analyses of social forms.Less

The Official Language Act of 1991

Amílcar Antonio Barreto

in The Politics of Language in Puerto Rico: Revisited

Representative Héctor López Galarza got the ball rolling in 1989 by introducing a bill declaring Spanish the island’s only official language. An ardent cultural nationalist, he drafted his proposal ... More

Representative Héctor López Galarza got the ball rolling in 1989 by introducing a bill declaring Spanish the island’s only official language. An ardent cultural nationalist, he drafted his proposal without consulting with the party’s leadership. The PPD leadership took its time deliberating over this matter while it also faced hearings in Washington over a proposed federal status plebiscite. PNP spokespersons insisted on inserting language that would guarantee Puerto Rico cultural autonomy under statehood. Senator J. Bennett Johnston of Louisiana strongly recommended against such an amendment, concerned that it would not sit well with many Americans. He openly revealed that the civic creed’s rhetoric of equality might not apply to those who are culturally dissimilar. Subsequently Gov. Hernández Colón signed the unilingual bill, a move that some of his PNP rivals suggested was carried out to hurt the statehood cause in Washington.Less