Colin Barnes
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347183
- eISBN:
- 9781447302599
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347183.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
The number of disability related support services controlled and run by disabled people themselves has increased significantly in the UK and internationally over the past forty years. As a result, ...
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The number of disability related support services controlled and run by disabled people themselves has increased significantly in the UK and internationally over the past forty years. As a result, greater user involvement in service provision and delivery is a key priority for many western governments. This book provides the first comprehensive review and analysis of these developments in the UK. Drawing on evidence from a range of sources, including material from the first national study of user-controlled services, this book provides a critical evaluation of the development and organization of user-controlled services in the UK and identifies the principal forces — economic, political and cultural — that influence and inhibit their further development. It summarises and discusses the policy implications for the future development of services and includes an up-to-date and comprehensive literature and research review.Less
The number of disability related support services controlled and run by disabled people themselves has increased significantly in the UK and internationally over the past forty years. As a result, greater user involvement in service provision and delivery is a key priority for many western governments. This book provides the first comprehensive review and analysis of these developments in the UK. Drawing on evidence from a range of sources, including material from the first national study of user-controlled services, this book provides a critical evaluation of the development and organization of user-controlled services in the UK and identifies the principal forces — economic, political and cultural — that influence and inhibit their further development. It summarises and discusses the policy implications for the future development of services and includes an up-to-date and comprehensive literature and research review.
Charles Townshend
- Published in print:
- 1984
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198200840
- eISBN:
- 9780191674785
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198200840.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
This book studies a vital element of modern British history: the situation in Northern Ireland. Its aim is to provide historical illumination. More than many histories, the history provided in this ...
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This book studies a vital element of modern British history: the situation in Northern Ireland. Its aim is to provide historical illumination. More than many histories, the history provided in this book is incomplete; not just because of the incompleteness of the source material, but because of the particular framework within which it is conceived. ‘Total history’ only happens once, and not subsequently. This account is restricted to violent relationships, to the reciprocal effect of government in Ireland and resistance to it. The two concepts exist, to a great extent, in symbiosis. Resistance may be a manifestation of different cultural or political forces, but its meaning is determined by government. The book looks in detail at the concepts of ‘government’ and ‘resistance’.Less
This book studies a vital element of modern British history: the situation in Northern Ireland. Its aim is to provide historical illumination. More than many histories, the history provided in this book is incomplete; not just because of the incompleteness of the source material, but because of the particular framework within which it is conceived. ‘Total history’ only happens once, and not subsequently. This account is restricted to violent relationships, to the reciprocal effect of government in Ireland and resistance to it. The two concepts exist, to a great extent, in symbiosis. Resistance may be a manifestation of different cultural or political forces, but its meaning is determined by government. The book looks in detail at the concepts of ‘government’ and ‘resistance’.
Born Georgina
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520202160
- eISBN:
- 9780520916845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520202160.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, European Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines musical modernism in relation to the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM). It shows that the major characteristics of IRCAM culture are prefigured ...
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This chapter examines musical modernism in relation to the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM). It shows that the major characteristics of IRCAM culture are prefigured not only by musical modernism, but by significant features of modernist art in general, and suggests that the evolution of musical modernism must be understood within the context of broader cultural-historical forces. The chapter characterizes modernism and postmodernism in music, and considers experimental musical as musical postmodernism.Less
This chapter examines musical modernism in relation to the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM). It shows that the major characteristics of IRCAM culture are prefigured not only by musical modernism, but by significant features of modernist art in general, and suggests that the evolution of musical modernism must be understood within the context of broader cultural-historical forces. The chapter characterizes modernism and postmodernism in music, and considers experimental musical as musical postmodernism.
John Sloboda
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198530121
- eISBN:
- 9780191689741
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198530121.003.0021
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology
This chapter is intended to raise broad issues about the nature and purpose of general music education. Although it is grounded in an empirically observable phenomenon, it goes far beyond ...
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This chapter is intended to raise broad issues about the nature and purpose of general music education. Although it is grounded in an empirically observable phenomenon, it goes far beyond scientifically validated data in an attempt to locate the phenomenon it observes within a broad historical and cultural context. Music education in schools cannot function effectively without an implicit agreement between stakeholders about what it is for. The ‘meaning of music’ is a constantly shifting function of the discourses of these diverse groups, which may coalesce around a ‘dominant ideology’ which gains enough inter-group consensus to generate a stable educational agenda. It may be no longer possible to muster stakeholder consensus around any version of the educational enterprise which prioritises the classical canon. Strong cultural forces have been at work which account for the collapse of this consensus. This chapter identifies seven such forces: multiculturalism, youth culture, electronic communication, feminism, secularism, niche cultures, and postmodernism.Less
This chapter is intended to raise broad issues about the nature and purpose of general music education. Although it is grounded in an empirically observable phenomenon, it goes far beyond scientifically validated data in an attempt to locate the phenomenon it observes within a broad historical and cultural context. Music education in schools cannot function effectively without an implicit agreement between stakeholders about what it is for. The ‘meaning of music’ is a constantly shifting function of the discourses of these diverse groups, which may coalesce around a ‘dominant ideology’ which gains enough inter-group consensus to generate a stable educational agenda. It may be no longer possible to muster stakeholder consensus around any version of the educational enterprise which prioritises the classical canon. Strong cultural forces have been at work which account for the collapse of this consensus. This chapter identifies seven such forces: multiculturalism, youth culture, electronic communication, feminism, secularism, niche cultures, and postmodernism.
Neil Aggarwal
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231166645
- eISBN:
- 9780231538442
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231166645.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This book finds that mental-health and biomedical professionals have created new forms of knowledge and practice in their desire to understand and fight terrorism. In the process, the state has used ...
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This book finds that mental-health and biomedical professionals have created new forms of knowledge and practice in their desire to understand and fight terrorism. In the process, the state has used psychiatrists and psychologists to furnish knowledge on undesirable populations, and psychiatrists and psychologists have protected state interests. Professional interpretation, like all interpretations, is subject to cultural forces. Drawing on cultural psychiatry and medical anthropology, the book analyzes the transformation of definitions for normal and abnormal behavior in a vast array of sources: government documents, professional bioethical debates, legal motions and opinions, psychiatric and psychological scholarship, media publications, and policy briefs. Critical themes emerge on the use of mental health in awarding or denying disability to returning veterans, characterizing the confinement of Guantánamo detainees, contextualizing the actions of suicide bombers, portraying Muslim and Arab populations in psychiatric and psychological scholarship, illustrating bioethical issues in the treatment of detainees, and supplying the knowledge and practice to deradicalize terrorists. The book explores this troublesome transformation of mental-health science into a potential instrument of counterterrorism.Less
This book finds that mental-health and biomedical professionals have created new forms of knowledge and practice in their desire to understand and fight terrorism. In the process, the state has used psychiatrists and psychologists to furnish knowledge on undesirable populations, and psychiatrists and psychologists have protected state interests. Professional interpretation, like all interpretations, is subject to cultural forces. Drawing on cultural psychiatry and medical anthropology, the book analyzes the transformation of definitions for normal and abnormal behavior in a vast array of sources: government documents, professional bioethical debates, legal motions and opinions, psychiatric and psychological scholarship, media publications, and policy briefs. Critical themes emerge on the use of mental health in awarding or denying disability to returning veterans, characterizing the confinement of Guantánamo detainees, contextualizing the actions of suicide bombers, portraying Muslim and Arab populations in psychiatric and psychological scholarship, illustrating bioethical issues in the treatment of detainees, and supplying the knowledge and practice to deradicalize terrorists. The book explores this troublesome transformation of mental-health science into a potential instrument of counterterrorism.
Jann Pasler
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257405
- eISBN:
- 9780520943872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257405.003.0012
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
This chapter determines why the 1890s were one of the most exciting, richest, and most productive periods in French music history. It studies other powerful cultural forces that came before the ...
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This chapter determines why the 1890s were one of the most exciting, richest, and most productive periods in French music history. It studies other powerful cultural forces that came before the Dreyfus Affair and influenced music and its meanings. It investigates the changes in the nature of both the Right and the Left as they impacted music and the musical world.Less
This chapter determines why the 1890s were one of the most exciting, richest, and most productive periods in French music history. It studies other powerful cultural forces that came before the Dreyfus Affair and influenced music and its meanings. It investigates the changes in the nature of both the Right and the Left as they impacted music and the musical world.
Risa A. Brooks
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804753999
- eISBN:
- 9780804768092
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804753999.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter argues that the sources of military power are probably to be far more diverse, and embedded in broader social, institutional, and international forces, than conventional analyses of ...
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This chapter argues that the sources of military power are probably to be far more diverse, and embedded in broader social, institutional, and international forces, than conventional analyses of military capabilities often suggest. It is observed that social and cultural forces may offer possibilities to produce war. Data also suggest that development of more advanced theories and tests that resolve among different causes of military effectiveness is important. On certain occasions, leaders misestimate their own military strengths and accept destabilizing strategies in interstate conflicts. Moreover, altering the effectiveness relies on a military's capacity to develop well-trained, educated, and experienced officers and enlisted personnel. In general, this book hope that it furthers the interest in analyzing military effectiveness and that it supplies a helpful starting point in this effort.Less
This chapter argues that the sources of military power are probably to be far more diverse, and embedded in broader social, institutional, and international forces, than conventional analyses of military capabilities often suggest. It is observed that social and cultural forces may offer possibilities to produce war. Data also suggest that development of more advanced theories and tests that resolve among different causes of military effectiveness is important. On certain occasions, leaders misestimate their own military strengths and accept destabilizing strategies in interstate conflicts. Moreover, altering the effectiveness relies on a military's capacity to develop well-trained, educated, and experienced officers and enlisted personnel. In general, this book hope that it furthers the interest in analyzing military effectiveness and that it supplies a helpful starting point in this effort.
Charles F. McGovern
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807830338
- eISBN:
- 9781469606040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807876640_mcgovern.8
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter examines the emergence of the modern consumer movement, focusing on three critical social scientists who analyzed the cultural sources of demand and the conditions under which consumers ...
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This chapter examines the emergence of the modern consumer movement, focusing on three critical social scientists who analyzed the cultural sources of demand and the conditions under which consumers spent: Thorstein Veblen, Wesley Mitchell, and Hazel Kyrk. These critics all argued that consumers assumed very specific class, gender, and cultural characteristics, and that consumption was largely shaped by cultural forces more than economic reasoning.Less
This chapter examines the emergence of the modern consumer movement, focusing on three critical social scientists who analyzed the cultural sources of demand and the conditions under which consumers spent: Thorstein Veblen, Wesley Mitchell, and Hazel Kyrk. These critics all argued that consumers assumed very specific class, gender, and cultural characteristics, and that consumption was largely shaped by cultural forces more than economic reasoning.
J.F. Merritt
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719090400
- eISBN:
- 9781781707036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090400.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter summarizes the findings of the book and looks ahead to the Restoration settlement. It emphasizes the ways in which Westminster was shaped by the succession of executive governments in ...
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This chapter summarizes the findings of the book and looks ahead to the Restoration settlement. It emphasizes the ways in which Westminster was shaped by the succession of executive governments in its midst, who appropriated its buildings and spaces in a newly exclusive manner and made Westminster for the first time seem an exclusively ‘national space’. But it also stresses the ways in which distinctive aspects of the town – not least its geographical vulnerability – could also shape the politics being played out there, and how Westminster’s persistently conservative political, religious and cultural forces were able to withstand and influence in their turn the interregnum regimes, even while the military might of the government was garrisoned at the very heart of the town.Less
This chapter summarizes the findings of the book and looks ahead to the Restoration settlement. It emphasizes the ways in which Westminster was shaped by the succession of executive governments in its midst, who appropriated its buildings and spaces in a newly exclusive manner and made Westminster for the first time seem an exclusively ‘national space’. But it also stresses the ways in which distinctive aspects of the town – not least its geographical vulnerability – could also shape the politics being played out there, and how Westminster’s persistently conservative political, religious and cultural forces were able to withstand and influence in their turn the interregnum regimes, even while the military might of the government was garrisoned at the very heart of the town.
Edward K. Kaplan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300115406
- eISBN:
- 9780300137699
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300115406.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter describes how Judaism, as a cultural force, entered the American mainstream. It began on 20 January 1953, when, for the first time, a rabbi, the tall and eloquent Abba Hillel Silver, ...
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This chapter describes how Judaism, as a cultural force, entered the American mainstream. It began on 20 January 1953, when, for the first time, a rabbi, the tall and eloquent Abba Hillel Silver, leader of Reform Judaism and a Zionist, offered a prayer at the presidential inauguration of Dwight David Eisenhower. At the time, Americans were becoming increasingly shaken by the Cold War and the pervasive suspicion it generated. An atmosphere of intimidation was fueled by the ongoing anti-Communist hearings being held by Joseph McCarthy's Senate Committee on Governmental Operations and the House Committee on Un-American Activities. The nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union created further anxiety. All the while, Heschel concentrated on problems of spiritual authenticity. He deplored the prevailing American trend of interpreting religion in terms of social science.Less
This chapter describes how Judaism, as a cultural force, entered the American mainstream. It began on 20 January 1953, when, for the first time, a rabbi, the tall and eloquent Abba Hillel Silver, leader of Reform Judaism and a Zionist, offered a prayer at the presidential inauguration of Dwight David Eisenhower. At the time, Americans were becoming increasingly shaken by the Cold War and the pervasive suspicion it generated. An atmosphere of intimidation was fueled by the ongoing anti-Communist hearings being held by Joseph McCarthy's Senate Committee on Governmental Operations and the House Committee on Un-American Activities. The nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union created further anxiety. All the while, Heschel concentrated on problems of spiritual authenticity. He deplored the prevailing American trend of interpreting religion in terms of social science.
Timothy Hyde
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816678105
- eISBN:
- 9781452947938
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816678105.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
How does architecture make its appearance in civil society? This book pursues this challenging question by exploring architecture, planning, and law as cultural forces. Analyzing the complex ...
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How does architecture make its appearance in civil society? This book pursues this challenging question by exploring architecture, planning, and law as cultural forces. Analyzing the complex entanglements between these disciplines in the Cuban Republic, the book reveals how architects joined with other professionals and intellectuals in efforts to establish a stable civil society, from the promulgation of a new Cuban Constitution in 1940 up until the Cuban Revolution. By arguing that constitutionalism was elaborated through architectural principles and practices as well as legal ones, the book offers a new view of architectural modernism as a political and social instrument. It contends that constitutionalism produced a decisive confluence of law and architecture, a means for planning the future of Cuba. The importance of architecture in this process is laid bare by this book’s thorough scrutiny of a variety of textual, graphical, and physical artifacts. It examines constitutional articles, exhibitions, interviews, master plans, monuments, and other primary materials as acts of design. Read from the perspective of architectural history, this book demonstrates how the modernist concepts that developed as an international discourse before the Second World War evolved through interactions with other disciplines into a civil urbanism in Cuba. And read from the perspective of Cuban history, the book explains how not only material products such as buildings and monuments but also the immaterial methods of architecture as a cultural practice produced ideas that had consequential effects on the political circumstances of the nation.Less
How does architecture make its appearance in civil society? This book pursues this challenging question by exploring architecture, planning, and law as cultural forces. Analyzing the complex entanglements between these disciplines in the Cuban Republic, the book reveals how architects joined with other professionals and intellectuals in efforts to establish a stable civil society, from the promulgation of a new Cuban Constitution in 1940 up until the Cuban Revolution. By arguing that constitutionalism was elaborated through architectural principles and practices as well as legal ones, the book offers a new view of architectural modernism as a political and social instrument. It contends that constitutionalism produced a decisive confluence of law and architecture, a means for planning the future of Cuba. The importance of architecture in this process is laid bare by this book’s thorough scrutiny of a variety of textual, graphical, and physical artifacts. It examines constitutional articles, exhibitions, interviews, master plans, monuments, and other primary materials as acts of design. Read from the perspective of architectural history, this book demonstrates how the modernist concepts that developed as an international discourse before the Second World War evolved through interactions with other disciplines into a civil urbanism in Cuba. And read from the perspective of Cuban history, the book explains how not only material products such as buildings and monuments but also the immaterial methods of architecture as a cultural practice produced ideas that had consequential effects on the political circumstances of the nation.
Jennifer S. Shaw and Margaret P. Battin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- June 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198717614
- eISBN:
- 9780191787133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717614.003.0014
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine and Older People
With the ageing of populations, governments are increasingly including palliative care in their health systems. The level of service development is documented through mapping exercises, but little is ...
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With the ageing of populations, governments are increasingly including palliative care in their health systems. The level of service development is documented through mapping exercises, but little is known about the cultural forces that influence these developments. This chapter presents the state of the evidence on culture and palliative care in light of growing expertise on the care of older people, synthesizing the most recent evidence from literature reviews, a survey of experts, and workshops conducted within the PRISMA programme. This is compared with approaches towards the literature on culture and ageing and dementia care; the knowledge gaps and complementary potential of these bodies of evidence are considered. The contribution of palliative care requires evaluation for the further improvement of services. The ethical and conceptual issues this raises will again change the nature of palliative care and needs ongoing analysis to respond adequately to the diverse needs of changing societies.Less
With the ageing of populations, governments are increasingly including palliative care in their health systems. The level of service development is documented through mapping exercises, but little is known about the cultural forces that influence these developments. This chapter presents the state of the evidence on culture and palliative care in light of growing expertise on the care of older people, synthesizing the most recent evidence from literature reviews, a survey of experts, and workshops conducted within the PRISMA programme. This is compared with approaches towards the literature on culture and ageing and dementia care; the knowledge gaps and complementary potential of these bodies of evidence are considered. The contribution of palliative care requires evaluation for the further improvement of services. The ethical and conceptual issues this raises will again change the nature of palliative care and needs ongoing analysis to respond adequately to the diverse needs of changing societies.
