Michael David-Fox
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794577
- eISBN:
- 9780199932245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794577.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This introductory chapter provides a historical excursion into comparative cultural diplomacy, distinguishing Soviet approaches from the efforts to influence foreign public opinion within diplomacy ...
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This introductory chapter provides a historical excursion into comparative cultural diplomacy, distinguishing Soviet approaches from the efforts to influence foreign public opinion within diplomacy and propaganda that emerged in Europe especially during World War I. It also sets Soviet cultural diplomacy in the context of the long history of foreign visitors in Russia from the Muscovite period on. Both Russian and Soviet responses to foreign travelers were historically intertwined with major cycles of openings and closings to the outside world and major shifts in European views of Russia. But the Soviet imperative of overtaking the West and combating capitalism at once fostered heightened aspirations to influence the world and intense ideological xenophobia. The Soviet approach to cultural diplomacy sharpened the geopolitical and ideological importance attached to the “West” in earlier periods, but later became far more statist, mobilizational, modern, and innovative.Less
This introductory chapter provides a historical excursion into comparative cultural diplomacy, distinguishing Soviet approaches from the efforts to influence foreign public opinion within diplomacy and propaganda that emerged in Europe especially during World War I. It also sets Soviet cultural diplomacy in the context of the long history of foreign visitors in Russia from the Muscovite period on. Both Russian and Soviet responses to foreign travelers were historically intertwined with major cycles of openings and closings to the outside world and major shifts in European views of Russia. But the Soviet imperative of overtaking the West and combating capitalism at once fostered heightened aspirations to influence the world and intense ideological xenophobia. The Soviet approach to cultural diplomacy sharpened the geopolitical and ideological importance attached to the “West” in earlier periods, but later became far more statist, mobilizational, modern, and innovative.
Michael David-Fox
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794577
- eISBN:
- 9780199932245
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794577.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book is a history of the Soviet tours of European and American intellectuals, writers, bohemians, professionals, and political tourists who saw the “Soviet experiment” in the 1920s and 1930s. It ...
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This book is a history of the Soviet tours of European and American intellectuals, writers, bohemians, professionals, and political tourists who saw the “Soviet experiment” in the 1920s and 1930s. It provides a new framework for understanding the relationship between intellectuals and communism and the Soviet reception of foreign visitors, including the leading fellow-travelers who praised Stalin and Stalinism in the interwar period. The work is based on a far-reaching analysis of the declassified archives of agencies charged with crafting the international image of the first socialist society, including VOKS (the All-Union Society for Cultural Ties Abroad). The book brings this story into new focus as one of the great transnational encounters of the twentieth century. As many visitors were profoundly influenced by their Soviet tours, so too was the Soviet system itself: the experiences of building showcases and tutoring outsiders to perceive the future-in-the-making comprise a neglected international dimension to the emergence of Stalinism. Probing entanglements between far-left and far-right ideological extremes, the work pays special attention to the covert interaction between communism and fascism, including Soviet attempts to recruit German “National Bolsheviks” and fascist intellectuals. The unprecedented scope of Soviet efforts to mold foreign, particularly Western public opinion created a new chapter in the history of modern cultural diplomacy. Setting the revolutionary regime's innovations in the context of the entire history of foreign visitors in Russia, the book argues that Soviet mobilization for the international ideological contest directly paved the way for the cultural Cold War.Less
This book is a history of the Soviet tours of European and American intellectuals, writers, bohemians, professionals, and political tourists who saw the “Soviet experiment” in the 1920s and 1930s. It provides a new framework for understanding the relationship between intellectuals and communism and the Soviet reception of foreign visitors, including the leading fellow-travelers who praised Stalin and Stalinism in the interwar period. The work is based on a far-reaching analysis of the declassified archives of agencies charged with crafting the international image of the first socialist society, including VOKS (the All-Union Society for Cultural Ties Abroad). The book brings this story into new focus as one of the great transnational encounters of the twentieth century. As many visitors were profoundly influenced by their Soviet tours, so too was the Soviet system itself: the experiences of building showcases and tutoring outsiders to perceive the future-in-the-making comprise a neglected international dimension to the emergence of Stalinism. Probing entanglements between far-left and far-right ideological extremes, the work pays special attention to the covert interaction between communism and fascism, including Soviet attempts to recruit German “National Bolsheviks” and fascist intellectuals. The unprecedented scope of Soviet efforts to mold foreign, particularly Western public opinion created a new chapter in the history of modern cultural diplomacy. Setting the revolutionary regime's innovations in the context of the entire history of foreign visitors in Russia, the book argues that Soviet mobilization for the international ideological contest directly paved the way for the cultural Cold War.
Michael David-Fox
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794577
- eISBN:
- 9780199932245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794577.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the outposts and activities of Soviet cultural diplomacy in Western countries in the 1920s. It argues that Weimar Germany became the most important testing ground for the Soviet ...
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This chapter examines the outposts and activities of Soviet cultural diplomacy in Western countries in the 1920s. It argues that Weimar Germany became the most important testing ground for the Soviet dilemma of choosing between ideological sympathizers and influential yet politically distant “bourgeois” partners. It provides a comparative history of the German Society of Friends of the New Russia and other cultural friendship societies created by VOKS after 1923 in Central and Western Europe and the United States. Finally, it examines the international travel of Soviet intellectuals and the role of the Soviet intelligentsia in cultural exchange, probing the patronage relations between Soviet agencies and intellectuals at home and abroad.Less
This chapter examines the outposts and activities of Soviet cultural diplomacy in Western countries in the 1920s. It argues that Weimar Germany became the most important testing ground for the Soviet dilemma of choosing between ideological sympathizers and influential yet politically distant “bourgeois” partners. It provides a comparative history of the German Society of Friends of the New Russia and other cultural friendship societies created by VOKS after 1923 in Central and Western Europe and the United States. Finally, it examines the international travel of Soviet intellectuals and the role of the Soviet intelligentsia in cultural exchange, probing the patronage relations between Soviet agencies and intellectuals at home and abroad.
Michael David-Fox
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794577
- eISBN:
- 9780199932245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794577.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter traces Soviet cultural diplomacy through three radically divergent periods: the mid-1930s height of the Popular Front, the Great Terror and show trials from 1936–38, and the Nazi-Soviet ...
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This chapter traces Soviet cultural diplomacy through three radically divergent periods: the mid-1930s height of the Popular Front, the Great Terror and show trials from 1936–38, and the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939–41. Although the Soviet system for receiving foreigners that had emerged in the 1920s was not fundamentally reworked in the 1930s, prewar Stalinism was marked by sea-shifts in ideology and attitudes toward the outside world. The first was the rise of a “superiority complex,” in which virtually everything Soviet was deemed the best in the world, at least officially. The second was a decisive internal Soviet tilt, underway already at the height of European anti-fascism in the mid-1930s, away from the optimistic Soviet quest to engage and dominate Western cultural politics in favor of “vigilance,” ideological xenophobia, and the hunt for hidden enemies. During the Great Terror, international contacts that had previously brought prestige to Soviet cultural mediators suddenly became the grounds for mass physical annihilation as VOKS and Soviet international organizations were decimated; during the Pact period of Soviet cultural diplomacy, reduced to a shadow of its former self, became largely a matter of sending symbolic signals to the Nazis.Less
This chapter traces Soviet cultural diplomacy through three radically divergent periods: the mid-1930s height of the Popular Front, the Great Terror and show trials from 1936–38, and the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939–41. Although the Soviet system for receiving foreigners that had emerged in the 1920s was not fundamentally reworked in the 1930s, prewar Stalinism was marked by sea-shifts in ideology and attitudes toward the outside world. The first was the rise of a “superiority complex,” in which virtually everything Soviet was deemed the best in the world, at least officially. The second was a decisive internal Soviet tilt, underway already at the height of European anti-fascism in the mid-1930s, away from the optimistic Soviet quest to engage and dominate Western cultural politics in favor of “vigilance,” ideological xenophobia, and the hunt for hidden enemies. During the Great Terror, international contacts that had previously brought prestige to Soviet cultural mediators suddenly became the grounds for mass physical annihilation as VOKS and Soviet international organizations were decimated; during the Pact period of Soviet cultural diplomacy, reduced to a shadow of its former self, became largely a matter of sending symbolic signals to the Nazis.
Danielle Fosler‐Lussier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195336641
- eISBN:
- 9780199868551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195336641.003.0012
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western, Popular
Avant‐garde music played a small but important role in American cultural diplomacy during the cold war. In Western Europe, it was meant to demonstrate the United States' cultural sophistication; in ...
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Avant‐garde music played a small but important role in American cultural diplomacy during the cold war. In Western Europe, it was meant to demonstrate the United States' cultural sophistication; in Eastern Europe, to present a provocative alternative to socialist realism. In Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the music both engaged elite listeners and elicited feelings of respectful indebtedness from broader audiences. The latter relationship can be described as an unusual form of “gift economy” in which questions of prestige and value were negotiated through the medium of a musical performance with its accompanying publicity. While during the 1960s avant‐garde jazz and art music were treated alike in some respects, American officials were more likely to alter jazz programs, reflecting ambivalent expectations about their global audiences and about jazz as high art.Less
Avant‐garde music played a small but important role in American cultural diplomacy during the cold war. In Western Europe, it was meant to demonstrate the United States' cultural sophistication; in Eastern Europe, to present a provocative alternative to socialist realism. In Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the music both engaged elite listeners and elicited feelings of respectful indebtedness from broader audiences. The latter relationship can be described as an unusual form of “gift economy” in which questions of prestige and value were negotiated through the medium of a musical performance with its accompanying publicity. While during the 1960s avant‐garde jazz and art music were treated alike in some respects, American officials were more likely to alter jazz programs, reflecting ambivalent expectations about their global audiences and about jazz as high art.
Melanie Hall
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265413
- eISBN:
- 9780191760464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265413.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter locates issues of heritage and preservation in broader debates about ownership of ‘natural’ and ‘cultural’ property and its stewardship (or conservation) as an emerging representation of ...
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This chapter locates issues of heritage and preservation in broader debates about ownership of ‘natural’ and ‘cultural’ property and its stewardship (or conservation) as an emerging representation of good governance. Phases of this relationship are considered at three ‘site-museums’. Initially, some in the United States saw Shakespeare's Birthplace as its own heritage and tried to acquire it. Secondly, Britain, which still spoke for Canada in matters of foreign policy, cooperated with the United States to protect monumental and scenic interest at Niagara Falls. This took place as national parks were emerging as a form of representational culture. Finally, British and American voluntarist groups come together to protect Carlyle's House, London, with government backing behind the scenes as a form of cultural diplomacy.Less
This chapter locates issues of heritage and preservation in broader debates about ownership of ‘natural’ and ‘cultural’ property and its stewardship (or conservation) as an emerging representation of good governance. Phases of this relationship are considered at three ‘site-museums’. Initially, some in the United States saw Shakespeare's Birthplace as its own heritage and tried to acquire it. Secondly, Britain, which still spoke for Canada in matters of foreign policy, cooperated with the United States to protect monumental and scenic interest at Niagara Falls. This took place as national parks were emerging as a form of representational culture. Finally, British and American voluntarist groups come together to protect Carlyle's House, London, with government backing behind the scenes as a form of cultural diplomacy.
Andrew N. Rubin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154152
- eISBN:
- 9781400842179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154152.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter details the correspondence between the author and the Central Intelligence Agency regarding the release of information in line with the Freedom of Information Act. At the same time the ...
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This chapter details the correspondence between the author and the Central Intelligence Agency regarding the release of information in line with the Freedom of Information Act. At the same time the chapter builds on an emerging body of scholarship that examines the relationship between American postwar ascendancy and “cultural diplomacy” in the early years of the Cold War and decolonization. Few studies have considered how the Congress for Cultural Freedom's (CCF) underwriting reshaped and refashioned the global literary landscape, altered the relationships between writers and their publics, and rendered those whom it supported more recognizable figures than others. These practices were conceived as part of an orchestrated imperial effort to occupy a global public space that by 1948 had been largely dominated by the socialist rhetoric of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform).Less
This chapter details the correspondence between the author and the Central Intelligence Agency regarding the release of information in line with the Freedom of Information Act. At the same time the chapter builds on an emerging body of scholarship that examines the relationship between American postwar ascendancy and “cultural diplomacy” in the early years of the Cold War and decolonization. Few studies have considered how the Congress for Cultural Freedom's (CCF) underwriting reshaped and refashioned the global literary landscape, altered the relationships between writers and their publics, and rendered those whom it supported more recognizable figures than others. These practices were conceived as part of an orchestrated imperial effort to occupy a global public space that by 1948 had been largely dominated by the socialist rhetoric of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform).
Michael David-Fox
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794577
- eISBN:
- 9780199932245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794577.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter shows how the intense pressures of the First Five-Year Plan (also known as the Great Break or Stalin's revolution from above) profoundly affected the agendas and approaches of Soviet ...
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This chapter shows how the intense pressures of the First Five-Year Plan (also known as the Great Break or Stalin's revolution from above) profoundly affected the agendas and approaches of Soviet cultural diplomacy. The creation of Intourist, the Soviet foreign tourist agency, represented a new emphasis on promoting state interests through the acquisition of hard currency from foreign visits. In other areas, such as Soviet literature and exhibitions directed at foreign audiences, a new campaign mode emphasizing shrill propaganda and short-term political goals came to the fore. The chapter examines the influx of Western technical specialists, engineers, and workers after the onset of the Great Depression. It also highlights the limitations and misconceptions of Soviet internal analyses of the press and cultural life in Western countries during an era when access to foreign publications and information about international developments was strictly restricted.Less
This chapter shows how the intense pressures of the First Five-Year Plan (also known as the Great Break or Stalin's revolution from above) profoundly affected the agendas and approaches of Soviet cultural diplomacy. The creation of Intourist, the Soviet foreign tourist agency, represented a new emphasis on promoting state interests through the acquisition of hard currency from foreign visits. In other areas, such as Soviet literature and exhibitions directed at foreign audiences, a new campaign mode emphasizing shrill propaganda and short-term political goals came to the fore. The chapter examines the influx of Western technical specialists, engineers, and workers after the onset of the Great Depression. It also highlights the limitations and misconceptions of Soviet internal analyses of the press and cultural life in Western countries during an era when access to foreign publications and information about international developments was strictly restricted.
Stephen Bowman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474417815
- eISBN:
- 9781474445184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417815.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter outlines the theoretical rationale behind the book’s argument that the Pilgrims Society’s activities during the first half of the twentieth century were a nascent form of public ...
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This chapter outlines the theoretical rationale behind the book’s argument that the Pilgrims Society’s activities during the first half of the twentieth century were a nascent form of public diplomacy and that they contributed to the development of later, more official, public diplomacy organisations like the British Council, the Division of Cultural Relations, and the United States Information Agency. In so doing, this chapter analyses the historical orthodoxies surrounding public diplomacy and offers a definition of the concept that will applied across the rest of the book. The chapter also establishes how concepts of public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, associational culture, and elite networking intersect and why this intersection is important to the Pilgrims Society.Less
This chapter outlines the theoretical rationale behind the book’s argument that the Pilgrims Society’s activities during the first half of the twentieth century were a nascent form of public diplomacy and that they contributed to the development of later, more official, public diplomacy organisations like the British Council, the Division of Cultural Relations, and the United States Information Agency. In so doing, this chapter analyses the historical orthodoxies surrounding public diplomacy and offers a definition of the concept that will applied across the rest of the book. The chapter also establishes how concepts of public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, associational culture, and elite networking intersect and why this intersection is important to the Pilgrims Society.
Clare Croft
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199958191
- eISBN:
- 9780190226329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199958191.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Dance, History, American
The introduction examines Americans’ and non-Americans’ collaborative engagement with national identity through performance, which often produces different results than traditional forms of ...
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The introduction examines Americans’ and non-Americans’ collaborative engagement with national identity through performance, which often produces different results than traditional forms of diplomacy. When San Francisco-based ODC/Dance performed in Burma through the State Department’s DanceMotion USA program, they thought the Burmese dictatorship might keep audiences away. Yet thousands dodged government-created obstacles to attend, and helped the Americans when a glitch threatened the show. Government edicts cannot completely determine how people act: that’s the lesson ODC learned and the lesson the chapter offers by focusing on cultural diplomacy from dancers’ perspectives, understanding dancers as social actors, not just government instruments. Dancers move within bureaucratic strictures, often in a contentious dance around the meaning of “politics.” Across eighty years of history, the chapter examines the private/public structures behind cultural diplomacy programs, including the State Department’s partnerships with the United States Information Agency, the American National Theatre Academy, and the Brooklyn Academy of Music.Less
The introduction examines Americans’ and non-Americans’ collaborative engagement with national identity through performance, which often produces different results than traditional forms of diplomacy. When San Francisco-based ODC/Dance performed in Burma through the State Department’s DanceMotion USA program, they thought the Burmese dictatorship might keep audiences away. Yet thousands dodged government-created obstacles to attend, and helped the Americans when a glitch threatened the show. Government edicts cannot completely determine how people act: that’s the lesson ODC learned and the lesson the chapter offers by focusing on cultural diplomacy from dancers’ perspectives, understanding dancers as social actors, not just government instruments. Dancers move within bureaucratic strictures, often in a contentious dance around the meaning of “politics.” Across eighty years of history, the chapter examines the private/public structures behind cultural diplomacy programs, including the State Department’s partnerships with the United States Information Agency, the American National Theatre Academy, and the Brooklyn Academy of Music.
Lisa E. Davenport
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781604732689
- eISBN:
- 9781604733440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781604732689.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
In 1954, the United States began using cultural tours in foreign policy to improve the world’s perception of American cultural and political life. Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, cultural ...
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In 1954, the United States began using cultural tours in foreign policy to improve the world’s perception of American cultural and political life. Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, cultural diplomacy became part of a broad American effort to invest the so-called “psychological dimension of power” to wage the Cold War. An important component of such an initiative was jazz diplomacy, which transformed relations between America and the Soviet Union while dramatically reshaping perceptions of the American identity worldwide. Paradoxically, jazz diplomacy also came to symbolize the cultural superiority of American democracy. This book explores how American jazz music was used as an instrument of global diplomacy and dramatically transformed superpower relations in the Cold War era by easing U.S.–Soviet political tensions in the midst of critical Cold War events such as the Little Rock crisis, the Cuban missile crisis, the Vietnam War, the dispute over the Berlin Wall, and the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. It argues that America turned to jazz diplomacy to address the dual problems of race and culture in a global context.Less
In 1954, the United States began using cultural tours in foreign policy to improve the world’s perception of American cultural and political life. Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, cultural diplomacy became part of a broad American effort to invest the so-called “psychological dimension of power” to wage the Cold War. An important component of such an initiative was jazz diplomacy, which transformed relations between America and the Soviet Union while dramatically reshaping perceptions of the American identity worldwide. Paradoxically, jazz diplomacy also came to symbolize the cultural superiority of American democracy. This book explores how American jazz music was used as an instrument of global diplomacy and dramatically transformed superpower relations in the Cold War era by easing U.S.–Soviet political tensions in the midst of critical Cold War events such as the Little Rock crisis, the Cuban missile crisis, the Vietnam War, the dispute over the Berlin Wall, and the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. It argues that America turned to jazz diplomacy to address the dual problems of race and culture in a global context.
Michael Falser
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719096525
- eISBN:
- 9781526104335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096525.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
The topos of inheriting the built legacy of the temples of Angkor (9th to 13th centuries CE) had been a vital element of the French-colonial civilizing mission in Cambodia from 1863 onwards. Yet this ...
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The topos of inheriting the built legacy of the temples of Angkor (9th to 13th centuries CE) had been a vital element of the French-colonial civilizing mission in Cambodia from 1863 onwards. Yet this claim on ‘cultural heritage’ (or cultural inheritance) was subject to a novel ideological twist when Cambodia became independent in 1953. The classic ‘salvage paradigm’ once practiced by the European colonial power was now appropriated by the newly independent, quasi-‘Neo-Angkorian’ nation state (1954–1970). In this chapter, three different scenarios of this process are discussed: first, the reinvention (as continuation) of the genealogical and religious tradition of the ancient Khmer kings as central element of a new Buddhist socialism of the Non-Aligned country of Cambodia; second, the revival of the grandeur of the built Angkorian antiquity in a modern-day architectural interpretation in vast building programmes for the new-old capital of Phnom Penh and the provinces under state architect Vann Molyvann; and third, the staging of various cultural performances and re-enactments è la Angkorienne within Sihanouk’s strategies of cultural diplomacy, both inside Cambodia with sound-and-light shows inside the Archaeological Park of Angkor, and around the globe through the king’s private Royal Khmer Ballet.Less
The topos of inheriting the built legacy of the temples of Angkor (9th to 13th centuries CE) had been a vital element of the French-colonial civilizing mission in Cambodia from 1863 onwards. Yet this claim on ‘cultural heritage’ (or cultural inheritance) was subject to a novel ideological twist when Cambodia became independent in 1953. The classic ‘salvage paradigm’ once practiced by the European colonial power was now appropriated by the newly independent, quasi-‘Neo-Angkorian’ nation state (1954–1970). In this chapter, three different scenarios of this process are discussed: first, the reinvention (as continuation) of the genealogical and religious tradition of the ancient Khmer kings as central element of a new Buddhist socialism of the Non-Aligned country of Cambodia; second, the revival of the grandeur of the built Angkorian antiquity in a modern-day architectural interpretation in vast building programmes for the new-old capital of Phnom Penh and the provinces under state architect Vann Molyvann; and third, the staging of various cultural performances and re-enactments è la Angkorienne within Sihanouk’s strategies of cultural diplomacy, both inside Cambodia with sound-and-light shows inside the Archaeological Park of Angkor, and around the globe through the king’s private Royal Khmer Ballet.
Jennifer Mori
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082726
- eISBN:
- 9781781702703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082726.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter seeks to strip the craft of the image of diplomacy as a ‘glamorous’ profession. The principal source base for this study is the private correspondence of c.50 diplomats and their ...
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This chapter seeks to strip the craft of the image of diplomacy as a ‘glamorous’ profession. The principal source base for this study is the private correspondence of c.50 diplomats and their families drawn from all ethnic groups in the British Isles. Postmodern approaches to history that inform other branches of the discipline are often greeted with a defensive hostility in international history. This study seeks rather to foster it, not through the rigorous application of theory to the interpretation of the past, but by the selective and sympathetic use of its concepts to elucidate aspects of human life and experience. This leads to the methodology employed namely the selective elucidation of diplomatic practice over time. The chapter also discusses cultural diplomacy before nongovernmental international organizations as a branch of international relations that can be defined in several ways.Less
This chapter seeks to strip the craft of the image of diplomacy as a ‘glamorous’ profession. The principal source base for this study is the private correspondence of c.50 diplomats and their families drawn from all ethnic groups in the British Isles. Postmodern approaches to history that inform other branches of the discipline are often greeted with a defensive hostility in international history. This study seeks rather to foster it, not through the rigorous application of theory to the interpretation of the past, but by the selective and sympathetic use of its concepts to elucidate aspects of human life and experience. This leads to the methodology employed namely the selective elucidation of diplomatic practice over time. The chapter also discusses cultural diplomacy before nongovernmental international organizations as a branch of international relations that can be defined in several ways.
Stephen Bowman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474417815
- eISBN:
- 9781474445184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417815.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter focuses on the banquet held by the New York branch of the Pilgrims Society in March 1906 at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel for Earl Grey, the Governor General of Canada. This dinner provides ...
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This chapter focuses on the banquet held by the New York branch of the Pilgrims Society in March 1906 at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel for Earl Grey, the Governor General of Canada. This dinner provides a case study of the ways in which the Society served as a network for British and American diplomats and provides one of the clearest examples of its public diplomacy activities. The banquet was held during a dispute between Britain, Canada, and the United States over fishing rights in the North Atlantic and the speeches given at the dinner by Earl Grey and Elihu Root, the US Secretary of State, were designed to mobilise public opinion in an effort to bring the dispute to an amicable end. Part of this public diplomacy effort was Earl Grey’s heavily-publicised gift to the US of a portrait of Benjamin Franklin that had been in his family’s possession since the American Revolution. The rhetoric surrounding this gift provides evidence about the cultural assumptions underpinning the Pilgrims’ public and cultural diplomacy.Less
This chapter focuses on the banquet held by the New York branch of the Pilgrims Society in March 1906 at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel for Earl Grey, the Governor General of Canada. This dinner provides a case study of the ways in which the Society served as a network for British and American diplomats and provides one of the clearest examples of its public diplomacy activities. The banquet was held during a dispute between Britain, Canada, and the United States over fishing rights in the North Atlantic and the speeches given at the dinner by Earl Grey and Elihu Root, the US Secretary of State, were designed to mobilise public opinion in an effort to bring the dispute to an amicable end. Part of this public diplomacy effort was Earl Grey’s heavily-publicised gift to the US of a portrait of Benjamin Franklin that had been in his family’s possession since the American Revolution. The rhetoric surrounding this gift provides evidence about the cultural assumptions underpinning the Pilgrims’ public and cultural diplomacy.
Chiho Sawada
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824851514
- eISBN:
- 9780824869045
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824851514.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
In “Pop Culture Diplomacy and Public Memory in East Asia: Contexts-Texts-Reception,” Chiho Sawada explores the complex interactions between transnational flows of pop culture and the process of ...
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In “Pop Culture Diplomacy and Public Memory in East Asia: Contexts-Texts-Reception,” Chiho Sawada explores the complex interactions between transnational flows of pop culture and the process of achieving “thick reconciliation” in the Asia Pacific. With special attention to Japanese-Korean relations, Sawada provides a contextualized overview of cultural exchanges since the late 1990s. Exploring the transformation of Korean-Japanese relations and the corresponding rise in regional cooperation with respect to cultural production and distribution, the chapter proceeds to not only analyze the polysemous and therefore often problematic content of “historical” film, television, and video texts but also grapple with tricky questions about media effect and reception.Less
In “Pop Culture Diplomacy and Public Memory in East Asia: Contexts-Texts-Reception,” Chiho Sawada explores the complex interactions between transnational flows of pop culture and the process of achieving “thick reconciliation” in the Asia Pacific. With special attention to Japanese-Korean relations, Sawada provides a contextualized overview of cultural exchanges since the late 1990s. Exploring the transformation of Korean-Japanese relations and the corresponding rise in regional cooperation with respect to cultural production and distribution, the chapter proceeds to not only analyze the polysemous and therefore often problematic content of “historical” film, television, and video texts but also grapple with tricky questions about media effect and reception.
Jessamyn R. Abel
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824841072
- eISBN:
- 9780824868086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824841072.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Whenever regular diplomatic channels were damaged or destroyed, Japanese internationalists turned toward other, seemingly non-political means for engaging with the international community. One of the ...
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Whenever regular diplomatic channels were damaged or destroyed, Japanese internationalists turned toward other, seemingly non-political means for engaging with the international community. One of the most prominent of those new avenues of international cooperation entailed a shift from political activities to cultural exchange. One example can be found in the establishment and activities of the Society for International Cultural Relations (Kokusai Bunka Shinkōkai). Supporters of cultural exchange claimed that introducing Japanese culture to the world would contribute to mutual understanding and build respect for Japan. What the practitioners of cultural diplomacy found was that culture is never free from politics. Wartime efforts at cultural internationalism and people’s diplomacy were engulfed by imperialist policies, and the KBS was used by the government as a tool of imperialism.Less
Whenever regular diplomatic channels were damaged or destroyed, Japanese internationalists turned toward other, seemingly non-political means for engaging with the international community. One of the most prominent of those new avenues of international cooperation entailed a shift from political activities to cultural exchange. One example can be found in the establishment and activities of the Society for International Cultural Relations (Kokusai Bunka Shinkōkai). Supporters of cultural exchange claimed that introducing Japanese culture to the world would contribute to mutual understanding and build respect for Japan. What the practitioners of cultural diplomacy found was that culture is never free from politics. Wartime efforts at cultural internationalism and people’s diplomacy were engulfed by imperialist policies, and the KBS was used by the government as a tool of imperialism.
Justin Hart
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199777945
- eISBN:
- 9780190254483
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199777945.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter traces the Latin American origins of the United States's cultural diplomacy. It begins by citing a conference held in Buenos Aires in December 1936 which epitomized America's prewar ...
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This chapter traces the Latin American origins of the United States's cultural diplomacy. It begins by citing a conference held in Buenos Aires in December 1936 which epitomized America's prewar approach to foreign policy under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The chapter examines why America's deliberate attempt to deploy cultural affairs in pursuit of foreign policy objectives as part of its “cultural diplomacy” started in Latin America. It also considers how U.S. policymakers combined cultural diplomacy, highlighted by a series of multilateral cultural exchanges, with overseas propaganda, domestic information campaigns, and technological modernization initiatives to form the matrix of what became known as public diplomacy. Finally, it explains how the U.S. government conceived of a new kind of foreign relations that accommodated the full range of cultural and ideological forces shaping the relations between nation states.Less
This chapter traces the Latin American origins of the United States's cultural diplomacy. It begins by citing a conference held in Buenos Aires in December 1936 which epitomized America's prewar approach to foreign policy under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The chapter examines why America's deliberate attempt to deploy cultural affairs in pursuit of foreign policy objectives as part of its “cultural diplomacy” started in Latin America. It also considers how U.S. policymakers combined cultural diplomacy, highlighted by a series of multilateral cultural exchanges, with overseas propaganda, domestic information campaigns, and technological modernization initiatives to form the matrix of what became known as public diplomacy. Finally, it explains how the U.S. government conceived of a new kind of foreign relations that accommodated the full range of cultural and ideological forces shaping the relations between nation states.
Justin Hart
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199777945
- eISBN:
- 9780190254483
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199777945.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the impact of World War II on U.S. cultural diplomacy in particular and foreign policy more generally. It considers the first concrete steps taken by the United States to expand ...
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This chapter examines the impact of World War II on U.S. cultural diplomacy in particular and foreign policy more generally. It considers the first concrete steps taken by the United States to expand its cultural programs from a series of limited, bilateral educational exchanges with various Latin American countries to a comprehensive global initiative explicitly designed to advance the overall objectives of its foreign policy. It looks at the U.S. government's adoption of a more expansive view of cultural relations which incorporated economics and politics, high and low culture, as part of an increasingly global vision. The chapter describes “cultural relations” envisioned by U.S. officials as part of efforts to shape the nation's image in the global arena during the years of the Great Debate over the future of U.S. foreign policy. Finally, it discusses the changes made in the overall structure of the U.S. Department of State to transform it into a “twentieth-century institution”.Less
This chapter examines the impact of World War II on U.S. cultural diplomacy in particular and foreign policy more generally. It considers the first concrete steps taken by the United States to expand its cultural programs from a series of limited, bilateral educational exchanges with various Latin American countries to a comprehensive global initiative explicitly designed to advance the overall objectives of its foreign policy. It looks at the U.S. government's adoption of a more expansive view of cultural relations which incorporated economics and politics, high and low culture, as part of an increasingly global vision. The chapter describes “cultural relations” envisioned by U.S. officials as part of efforts to shape the nation's image in the global arena during the years of the Great Debate over the future of U.S. foreign policy. Finally, it discusses the changes made in the overall structure of the U.S. Department of State to transform it into a “twentieth-century institution”.
Alice Garner and Diane Kirkby
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526128973
- eISBN:
- 9781526142030
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526128973.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
During the Cold War the Fulbright program was considered an effective arm of US ‘soft power’ and cultural diplomacy. The US saw Australia as strategically valuable in the Asia-Pacific region of the ...
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During the Cold War the Fulbright program was considered an effective arm of US ‘soft power’ and cultural diplomacy. The US saw Australia as strategically valuable in the Asia-Pacific region of the world and under the Menzies Liberal Party government, Australia shared the US military and defence agenda. How could the Fulbright program maintain its independence from government interference in the powerful force of Cold War geopolitics? Australia’s Fulbright Board held strongly to the importance of independence and the role of academics to ensure that.Less
During the Cold War the Fulbright program was considered an effective arm of US ‘soft power’ and cultural diplomacy. The US saw Australia as strategically valuable in the Asia-Pacific region of the world and under the Menzies Liberal Party government, Australia shared the US military and defence agenda. How could the Fulbright program maintain its independence from government interference in the powerful force of Cold War geopolitics? Australia’s Fulbright Board held strongly to the importance of independence and the role of academics to ensure that.
George Blaustein
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190209209
- eISBN:
- 9780190209230
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190209209.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature, African-American Literature
This chapter is a centrifugal history of American Studies in the United States and abroad. There have been many crises within American Studies, including calls to rename it, internationalize it, or ...
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This chapter is a centrifugal history of American Studies in the United States and abroad. There have been many crises within American Studies, including calls to rename it, internationalize it, or abandon it altogether. But what was American Studies? What were the original preoccupations of this unusual field, and what were the historical conditions that enabled its establishment and international diffusion? American Studies operated in the knotty terrain of military occupation, reconstruction, and democratization after World War II, but the Americanist century has many points of origin, and it transcends the binaries of the Cold War. This chapter brings together the histories of American Studies in the United States with the less familiar histories of American Studies in Europe and Japan, stretching from the early twentieth century to the Cold War. It also offers a more cosmopolitan history of “American exceptionalism.”Less
This chapter is a centrifugal history of American Studies in the United States and abroad. There have been many crises within American Studies, including calls to rename it, internationalize it, or abandon it altogether. But what was American Studies? What were the original preoccupations of this unusual field, and what were the historical conditions that enabled its establishment and international diffusion? American Studies operated in the knotty terrain of military occupation, reconstruction, and democratization after World War II, but the Americanist century has many points of origin, and it transcends the binaries of the Cold War. This chapter brings together the histories of American Studies in the United States with the less familiar histories of American Studies in Europe and Japan, stretching from the early twentieth century to the Cold War. It also offers a more cosmopolitan history of “American exceptionalism.”
