Paul Waldau
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195145717
- eISBN:
- 9780199834792
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145712.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
Criticisms of “speciesism” by various philosophers are engaged to provide a test for assessing limitations of the notion generally. Analogies of speciesism to racism and sexism are evaluated. The ...
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Criticisms of “speciesism” by various philosophers are engaged to provide a test for assessing limitations of the notion generally. Analogies of speciesism to racism and sexism are evaluated. The notion of “persons” is discussed in terms of Immanuel Kant's division of persons and things. Duty of inquiry as an obligation of ethics, and the notion of “species loyalty” or “species bond” is analyzed as a cultural artifact or conventionalism.Less
Criticisms of “speciesism” by various philosophers are engaged to provide a test for assessing limitations of the notion generally. Analogies of speciesism to racism and sexism are evaluated. The notion of “persons” is discussed in terms of Immanuel Kant's division of persons and things. Duty of inquiry as an obligation of ethics, and the notion of “species loyalty” or “species bond” is analyzed as a cultural artifact or conventionalism.
Namhee Lee, Lisa Mikesell, Anna Dina L. Joaquin, Andrea W. Mates, and John H. Schumann
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195384246
- eISBN:
- 9780199869916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384246.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter presents the theory of complex adaptive systems (CASs) as a basis for the evolution of grammar. From this perspective, grammatical structure and language in general exist as an invisible ...
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This chapter presents the theory of complex adaptive systems (CASs) as a basis for the evolution of grammar. From this perspective, grammatical structure and language in general exist as an invisible nonmaterial cultural artifact or technology. Language structure emerges from the interaction of speakers using sounds and words to communicate meanings. This emergent structure obviates the need to postulate an innate universal grammar to establish structure or to guarantee the ubiquity of language acquisition by children.Less
This chapter presents the theory of complex adaptive systems (CASs) as a basis for the evolution of grammar. From this perspective, grammatical structure and language in general exist as an invisible nonmaterial cultural artifact or technology. Language structure emerges from the interaction of speakers using sounds and words to communicate meanings. This emergent structure obviates the need to postulate an innate universal grammar to establish structure or to guarantee the ubiquity of language acquisition by children.
Robert C. Solomon
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195145496
- eISBN:
- 9780199833726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145496.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Anthropologists sometimes adopt a “Jamesian” view of emotions, following William James in taking emotions to be feelings based on unlearned physiological reactions. I argue, more in line with ...
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Anthropologists sometimes adopt a “Jamesian” view of emotions, following William James in taking emotions to be feelings based on unlearned physiological reactions. I argue, more in line with anthropologist Clifford Geertz, that emotions are cultural artifacts.Less
Anthropologists sometimes adopt a “Jamesian” view of emotions, following William James in taking emotions to be feelings based on unlearned physiological reactions. I argue, more in line with anthropologist Clifford Geertz, that emotions are cultural artifacts.
Alejandro L. Madrid
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195326376
- eISBN:
- 9780199851652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326376.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter explores the different distribution strategies adopted by members of the Nortec Collective. It shows the development of a Nor-tec scene which did not necessarily take place in specific ...
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This chapter explores the different distribution strategies adopted by members of the Nortec Collective. It shows the development of a Nor-tec scene which did not necessarily take place in specific places or sites, but rather through the unlocalized consumption of cultural artifacts, products, and ideas by exploring the translocal and virtual characteristics of these distribution strategies and their articulation of underground as well as mainstream networks. It also discusses the use of Nor-tec in the marketing strategies of transnational companies that illustrates the complex ways in which regulation and distribution intersect with issues of race and ethnicity among Latinos in the United States.Less
This chapter explores the different distribution strategies adopted by members of the Nortec Collective. It shows the development of a Nor-tec scene which did not necessarily take place in specific places or sites, but rather through the unlocalized consumption of cultural artifacts, products, and ideas by exploring the translocal and virtual characteristics of these distribution strategies and their articulation of underground as well as mainstream networks. It also discusses the use of Nor-tec in the marketing strategies of transnational companies that illustrates the complex ways in which regulation and distribution intersect with issues of race and ethnicity among Latinos in the United States.
Stanley N. Katz
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814748114
- eISBN:
- 9780814749470
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814748114.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter addresses the preservation of and access to digital cultural artifacts, including the many contradictions that emerge with it. For one, the new copyright and IP battles between rights ...
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This chapter addresses the preservation of and access to digital cultural artifacts, including the many contradictions that emerge with it. For one, the new copyright and IP battles between rights holders and consumers make one wonder whether technology shapes the law, or whether the law shapes technology. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has ordered a committee to draft a statement on “the Protection of the Diversity of Cultural Contents and Artistic Expressions.” The committee, however, issued preambles that confuse, rather than clarify, the issue of how to use digital technology to enhance the global reach of cultural artifacts.Less
This chapter addresses the preservation of and access to digital cultural artifacts, including the many contradictions that emerge with it. For one, the new copyright and IP battles between rights holders and consumers make one wonder whether technology shapes the law, or whether the law shapes technology. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has ordered a committee to draft a statement on “the Protection of the Diversity of Cultural Contents and Artistic Expressions.” The committee, however, issued preambles that confuse, rather than clarify, the issue of how to use digital technology to enhance the global reach of cultural artifacts.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804776868
- eISBN:
- 9780804778886
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804776868.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter explores how Miyazawa Kenji remained integral to the production of locality in the literary sector in Japan even as the conditions of this production have changed radically. It describes ...
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This chapter explores how Miyazawa Kenji remained integral to the production of locality in the literary sector in Japan even as the conditions of this production have changed radically. It describes the early episode in his posthumous reception which signaled a transitional moment in the way that he and his works have historically circulated in the market for cultural objects, focusing on the publication of the first zenshū. It also traces a genealogy of the fundamental ways his value in the market for cultural artifacts has intersected with his value in the market for places.Less
This chapter explores how Miyazawa Kenji remained integral to the production of locality in the literary sector in Japan even as the conditions of this production have changed radically. It describes the early episode in his posthumous reception which signaled a transitional moment in the way that he and his works have historically circulated in the market for cultural objects, focusing on the publication of the first zenshū. It also traces a genealogy of the fundamental ways his value in the market for cultural artifacts has intersected with his value in the market for places.
Charles Price
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814767467
- eISBN:
- 9780814768464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814767467.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Religion
This chapter discusses how Blackness and its various permutations—especially the morally configured ones—develop in Jamaica and persist to the present. It looks at the lineage of Rastafari rhetoric ...
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This chapter discusses how Blackness and its various permutations—especially the morally configured ones—develop in Jamaica and persist to the present. It looks at the lineage of Rastafari rhetoric and practice, the varied routes they traveled in becoming who they are, and how on the eve of the twenty-first century, a people who only four decades earlier were feared and despised, had become cultural exemplars of Blackness. In Jamaica, morally configured Black identities like Rastafari draw deeply upon the cultural resources of racialized moral economies. These are cultural artifacts created and reinforced through Black people's experience of uprisings, reprisals, dashed hopes, marginalization, and a strong desire for better and for building genuine communitas.Less
This chapter discusses how Blackness and its various permutations—especially the morally configured ones—develop in Jamaica and persist to the present. It looks at the lineage of Rastafari rhetoric and practice, the varied routes they traveled in becoming who they are, and how on the eve of the twenty-first century, a people who only four decades earlier were feared and despised, had become cultural exemplars of Blackness. In Jamaica, morally configured Black identities like Rastafari draw deeply upon the cultural resources of racialized moral economies. These are cultural artifacts created and reinforced through Black people's experience of uprisings, reprisals, dashed hopes, marginalization, and a strong desire for better and for building genuine communitas.
Janusz K. Kozłowski
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198523901
- eISBN:
- 9780191689048
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523901.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
As this chapter attempts to draw an outline on the origins of cultural diversity in prehistoric man, it aims to present hypotheses concerning the significance of the differentiation of various types ...
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As this chapter attempts to draw an outline on the origins of cultural diversity in prehistoric man, it aims to present hypotheses concerning the significance of the differentiation of various types of archaeological records and their interpretation in terms of the processes taking place in the anthropological sphere, which is the ‘living’ culture of prehistoric man. In particular, the chapter focuses on the reasons for the diversity of cultural artifacts both of those independent of humans as well as of man-dependent diversities which may have an arbitrary or symbolic character. The identification of the latter may indicate a relationship between the diversity of archaelogical remains and the emergence of ethnic groups, cultural groups, or socio-political groups.Less
As this chapter attempts to draw an outline on the origins of cultural diversity in prehistoric man, it aims to present hypotheses concerning the significance of the differentiation of various types of archaeological records and their interpretation in terms of the processes taking place in the anthropological sphere, which is the ‘living’ culture of prehistoric man. In particular, the chapter focuses on the reasons for the diversity of cultural artifacts both of those independent of humans as well as of man-dependent diversities which may have an arbitrary or symbolic character. The identification of the latter may indicate a relationship between the diversity of archaelogical remains and the emergence of ethnic groups, cultural groups, or socio-political groups.
Michael J. Montoya
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520267305
- eISBN:
- 9780520949003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520267305.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter reviews the ways in which racialized DNA samples operate as value-generating cultural artifacts, and also explores the diabetes enterprise through three phases: (1) production (2) ...
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This chapter reviews the ways in which racialized DNA samples operate as value-generating cultural artifacts, and also explores the diabetes enterprise through three phases: (1) production (2) circulation, and (3) consumption of knowledge generally and race and ethnicity in particular. Then, it investigates the consequences of a scientific enterprise that fits the pattern of Anglo-Mexican relations in the U.S. Southwest over the past century and a half. Moreover, the chapter evaluates the ways that blood samples taken from racially marked populations operate within a regime of value production and are transformed into commodities. The standardization of the biovalues of DNA samples as occurs in the exchanges for an array of professional wealth shows how exchange is the source of the value of a sample. It is believed that the context of DNA sampling does help explain the process of creating value.Less
This chapter reviews the ways in which racialized DNA samples operate as value-generating cultural artifacts, and also explores the diabetes enterprise through three phases: (1) production (2) circulation, and (3) consumption of knowledge generally and race and ethnicity in particular. Then, it investigates the consequences of a scientific enterprise that fits the pattern of Anglo-Mexican relations in the U.S. Southwest over the past century and a half. Moreover, the chapter evaluates the ways that blood samples taken from racially marked populations operate within a regime of value production and are transformed into commodities. The standardization of the biovalues of DNA samples as occurs in the exchanges for an array of professional wealth shows how exchange is the source of the value of a sample. It is believed that the context of DNA sampling does help explain the process of creating value.
Michael Nitsche
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262141017
- eISBN:
- 9780262255110
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262141017.003.0130
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Game Studies
Video games have become widespread cultural artifacts. As a result, video game spaces increasingly become places of cultural practice and cultural significance. How do they incorporate this quality? ...
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Video games have become widespread cultural artifacts. As a result, video game spaces increasingly become places of cultural practice and cultural significance. How do they incorporate this quality? This chapter follows the development of story maps as they enter a shared cultural sphere.Less
Video games have become widespread cultural artifacts. As a result, video game spaces increasingly become places of cultural practice and cultural significance. How do they incorporate this quality? This chapter follows the development of story maps as they enter a shared cultural sphere.
Richard D. Sawyer and Joe Norris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199757404
- eISBN:
- 9780190255992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199757404.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This introductory chapter provides an overview of duoethnography. It explains that a dialogic context in duoethnography is not only a conversation between people, but between people and their ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of duoethnography. It explains that a dialogic context in duoethnography is not only a conversation between people, but between people and their insights of cultural artifacts that generate new meanings. Duoethnographers work in tandem to dialogically analyze and question the meanings duoethnography gives to social issues and epistemological constructs, selecting social themes to investigate and engage in data analysis. Duoethnography first appeared as a research methodology in 2004, when Joe Norris and Richard D. Sawyer wrote a dialogic autoethnography and selected the name “duoethnography” because of its plural applications. They began working with duoethnography to present their stories and expose the culturally related nature of sexual orientation in a heteronormatively framed world.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of duoethnography. It explains that a dialogic context in duoethnography is not only a conversation between people, but between people and their insights of cultural artifacts that generate new meanings. Duoethnographers work in tandem to dialogically analyze and question the meanings duoethnography gives to social issues and epistemological constructs, selecting social themes to investigate and engage in data analysis. Duoethnography first appeared as a research methodology in 2004, when Joe Norris and Richard D. Sawyer wrote a dialogic autoethnography and selected the name “duoethnography” because of its plural applications. They began working with duoethnography to present their stories and expose the culturally related nature of sexual orientation in a heteronormatively framed world.
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226001944
- eISBN:
- 9780226002156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226002156.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Middle Eastern Cultural Anthropology
Discrete material-cultural artifacts, ornamentations, and styles of architecture were interpreted as exemplars of Jewish artistic forms and achievements. They were invoked as emblems of continuity, ...
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Discrete material-cultural artifacts, ornamentations, and styles of architecture were interpreted as exemplars of Jewish artistic forms and achievements. They were invoked as emblems of continuity, signifiers of the lasting presence of Jewish communities, after the fall of the Second Temple, the final episode in what was considered to have been ancient Jewish national existence and sovereignty in their homeland. This effort of (arti)fact collecting configured a distinctive form of settler-colonial space. This chapter analyzes this work of Jewish archaeology by considering the relationship between the collection of “discrete particulars”—material-cultural and linguistic facts dispersed across the terrain—and the instantiation of a “spatial biography,” through which a cohesive, historical narrative for the land was given empirical and factual form. Fact collecting was essential to “colonizing the land at the level of meaning,” which prepared the ground for the enactment of colonial practices of a very particular sort.Less
Discrete material-cultural artifacts, ornamentations, and styles of architecture were interpreted as exemplars of Jewish artistic forms and achievements. They were invoked as emblems of continuity, signifiers of the lasting presence of Jewish communities, after the fall of the Second Temple, the final episode in what was considered to have been ancient Jewish national existence and sovereignty in their homeland. This effort of (arti)fact collecting configured a distinctive form of settler-colonial space. This chapter analyzes this work of Jewish archaeology by considering the relationship between the collection of “discrete particulars”—material-cultural and linguistic facts dispersed across the terrain—and the instantiation of a “spatial biography,” through which a cohesive, historical narrative for the land was given empirical and factual form. Fact collecting was essential to “colonizing the land at the level of meaning,” which prepared the ground for the enactment of colonial practices of a very particular sort.
Koritha Mitchell
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036491
- eISBN:
- 9780252093524
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036491.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, African-American Literature
This chapter argues that blacks living during lynching's height accurately read the discourses and practices of their historical moment, and their cultural artifacts reflect their insights. Namely, ...
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This chapter argues that blacks living during lynching's height accurately read the discourses and practices of their historical moment, and their cultural artifacts reflect their insights. Namely, the plays by black dramatists contain specific characterizations of the nature of lynching, and they inspire black community practices that enable African Americans to continue to interpret their surroundings accurately. In an environment where their extermination was said to make the nation safe, African Americans perceived the truth behind the façade—that lynching was really master/piece theater, designed to reinforce racial hierarchy. African American artists therefore offered scripts that encouraged their communities to continue to rehearse an understanding of themselves as full citizens.Less
This chapter argues that blacks living during lynching's height accurately read the discourses and practices of their historical moment, and their cultural artifacts reflect their insights. Namely, the plays by black dramatists contain specific characterizations of the nature of lynching, and they inspire black community practices that enable African Americans to continue to interpret their surroundings accurately. In an environment where their extermination was said to make the nation safe, African Americans perceived the truth behind the façade—that lynching was really master/piece theater, designed to reinforce racial hierarchy. African American artists therefore offered scripts that encouraged their communities to continue to rehearse an understanding of themselves as full citizens.
Richard Taruskin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520249776
- eISBN:
- 9780520942790
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520249776.003.0042
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
This chapter is a conclusion to the entire study, contending on a variety of topics. All works of art are subject to social mediation, which renders works of art intelligible, and this is what gives ...
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This chapter is a conclusion to the entire study, contending on a variety of topics. All works of art are subject to social mediation, which renders works of art intelligible, and this is what gives them continuing relevance. And social mediation inevitably changes whatever it mediates. The critical faculty can only be exercised after the fact, and there must always be the possibility that the performance will change the critic's mind. The boredom of endlessly reproducing fetishized texts is what invites mindless commitment to textuality, and the dull sameness it enforces. It is the only area of classical musical performance today in which executant creativity is not stifled. The few classical musicians who have lately tried to reintroduce creative performing practices are as yet confined to the ghetto of the avant-garde.Less
This chapter is a conclusion to the entire study, contending on a variety of topics. All works of art are subject to social mediation, which renders works of art intelligible, and this is what gives them continuing relevance. And social mediation inevitably changes whatever it mediates. The critical faculty can only be exercised after the fact, and there must always be the possibility that the performance will change the critic's mind. The boredom of endlessly reproducing fetishized texts is what invites mindless commitment to textuality, and the dull sameness it enforces. It is the only area of classical musical performance today in which executant creativity is not stifled. The few classical musicians who have lately tried to reintroduce creative performing practices are as yet confined to the ghetto of the avant-garde.
Omnia El Shakry
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804755672
- eISBN:
- 9780804781923
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804755672.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This book charts the development of the human sciences—anthropology, human geography, and demography—in late nineteenth-and twentieth-century Egypt. Tracing both intellectual and institutional ...
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This book charts the development of the human sciences—anthropology, human geography, and demography—in late nineteenth-and twentieth-century Egypt. Tracing both intellectual and institutional genealogies of knowledge production, it examines social science through a broad range of texts and cultural artifacts, ranging from the ethnographic museum, to architectural designs, to that pinnacle of social scientific research—“the article.” The book explores the interface between European and Egyptian social scientific discourses, and interrogates the boundaries of knowledge production in a colonial and post-colonial setting. It examines the complex imperatives of race, class, and gender in the Egyptian colonial context, uncovering the new modes of governance, expertise, and social knowledge that defined a distinctive era of nationalist politics in the inter-and post-war periods. Finally, the book looks at the discursive field mapped out by colonial and nationalist discourses on the racial identity of the modern Egyptians.Less
This book charts the development of the human sciences—anthropology, human geography, and demography—in late nineteenth-and twentieth-century Egypt. Tracing both intellectual and institutional genealogies of knowledge production, it examines social science through a broad range of texts and cultural artifacts, ranging from the ethnographic museum, to architectural designs, to that pinnacle of social scientific research—“the article.” The book explores the interface between European and Egyptian social scientific discourses, and interrogates the boundaries of knowledge production in a colonial and post-colonial setting. It examines the complex imperatives of race, class, and gender in the Egyptian colonial context, uncovering the new modes of governance, expertise, and social knowledge that defined a distinctive era of nationalist politics in the inter-and post-war periods. Finally, the book looks at the discursive field mapped out by colonial and nationalist discourses on the racial identity of the modern Egyptians.
