Jean‐Paul Brodeur
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740598
- eISBN:
- 9780199866083
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740598.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
Chapter 9 describes special types of policing, such as military policing and private extralegal protection. Depending on the political regime, military policing is conducted in markedly different ...
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Chapter 9 describes special types of policing, such as military policing and private extralegal protection. Depending on the political regime, military policing is conducted in markedly different ways. Military policing, as exemplified in France, is fully compatible with democracy. It is not different in its nature from civilian policing. The military police operate within a highly centralized structure, they are deployed in rural areas, their chain of command is more rigid, and they are specialized in various duties such as crowd control. In other countries, such as Brazil, military police operate within an undemocratic legal framework that sets them apart from civilian policing. Within this framework they can carry out brutal operations causing a large number of casualties with absolute impunity. The last part of this chapter discusses Gambetta's hypothesis that criminal organizations, such as the Italian or Russian Mafia, provide protection at a high price to private clients.Less
Chapter 9 describes special types of policing, such as military policing and private extralegal protection. Depending on the political regime, military policing is conducted in markedly different ways. Military policing, as exemplified in France, is fully compatible with democracy. It is not different in its nature from civilian policing. The military police operate within a highly centralized structure, they are deployed in rural areas, their chain of command is more rigid, and they are specialized in various duties such as crowd control. In other countries, such as Brazil, military police operate within an undemocratic legal framework that sets them apart from civilian policing. Within this framework they can carry out brutal operations causing a large number of casualties with absolute impunity. The last part of this chapter discusses Gambetta's hypothesis that criminal organizations, such as the Italian or Russian Mafia, provide protection at a high price to private clients.
Jean‐Paul Brodeur
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740598
- eISBN:
- 9780199866083
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740598.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
Chapter 5 is devoted to the work of uniformed as opposed to plainclothes police. It first asks who they are. Data on sociological variables such as age, sex, education, and ethnic status are ...
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Chapter 5 is devoted to the work of uniformed as opposed to plainclothes police. It first asks who they are. Data on sociological variables such as age, sex, education, and ethnic status are presented, with a focus on the recruitment of women. Second, the author raises the question of what police actually do during their working hours. Two issues are discussed on the basis of meta‐analyses of fifty-one empirical studies and the general opinion of more than twenty researchers. The first is the time allocated by the police in uniform to crime control and the second is the proportion of their working time that is committed to specific duties as opposed to time that is uncommitted to anything specific. Finally, the two most important means of policing in uniform—police visibility and the use of coercion—are the object of a discussion stressing their limitations.Less
Chapter 5 is devoted to the work of uniformed as opposed to plainclothes police. It first asks who they are. Data on sociological variables such as age, sex, education, and ethnic status are presented, with a focus on the recruitment of women. Second, the author raises the question of what police actually do during their working hours. Two issues are discussed on the basis of meta‐analyses of fifty-one empirical studies and the general opinion of more than twenty researchers. The first is the time allocated by the police in uniform to crime control and the second is the proportion of their working time that is committed to specific duties as opposed to time that is uncommitted to anything specific. Finally, the two most important means of policing in uniform—police visibility and the use of coercion—are the object of a discussion stressing their limitations.
Thomas I. Faith
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252038686
- eISBN:
- 9780252096624
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252038686.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This book offers an institutional history of the Chemical Warfare Service (CWS), the department tasked with improving the Army's ability to use and defend against chemical weapons during and after ...
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This book offers an institutional history of the Chemical Warfare Service (CWS), the department tasked with improving the Army's ability to use and defend against chemical weapons during and after World War I. Taking the CWS's story from the trenches to peacetime, the book explores how the CWS's work on chemical warfare continued through the 1920s despite deep opposition to the weapons in both military and civilian circles. As the book shows, the advocates for chemical weapons within the CWS allied with supporters in the military, government, and private industry to lobby to add chemical warfare to the country's permanent arsenal. Their argument: poison gas represented an advanced and even humane tool in modern war, while its applications for pest control and crowd control made a chemical capacity relevant in peacetime. But conflict with those aligned against chemical warfare forced the CWS to fight for its institutional life—and ultimately led to the U.S. military's rejection of battlefield chemical weapons.Less
This book offers an institutional history of the Chemical Warfare Service (CWS), the department tasked with improving the Army's ability to use and defend against chemical weapons during and after World War I. Taking the CWS's story from the trenches to peacetime, the book explores how the CWS's work on chemical warfare continued through the 1920s despite deep opposition to the weapons in both military and civilian circles. As the book shows, the advocates for chemical weapons within the CWS allied with supporters in the military, government, and private industry to lobby to add chemical warfare to the country's permanent arsenal. Their argument: poison gas represented an advanced and even humane tool in modern war, while its applications for pest control and crowd control made a chemical capacity relevant in peacetime. But conflict with those aligned against chemical warfare forced the CWS to fight for its institutional life—and ultimately led to the U.S. military's rejection of battlefield chemical weapons.
Geoff Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719087219
- eISBN:
- 9781781706145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087219.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter considers the relationship between the carnival fan groups and those responsible for crowd management, control and safety. It looks at how fans viewed the police service and how certain ...
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This chapter considers the relationship between the carnival fan groups and those responsible for crowd management, control and safety. It looks at how fans viewed the police service and how certain policing strategies and tactics affected their behaviour, particularly with regard to cooperation with police requests (for example to join police escorts). It also considers the relationship fan groups had with match-day stewards and security staff. Finally the chapter details instances of where research participants and the author were subjected to abusive, indiscriminate and violent action by those in authority.Less
This chapter considers the relationship between the carnival fan groups and those responsible for crowd management, control and safety. It looks at how fans viewed the police service and how certain policing strategies and tactics affected their behaviour, particularly with regard to cooperation with police requests (for example to join police escorts). It also considers the relationship fan groups had with match-day stewards and security staff. Finally the chapter details instances of where research participants and the author were subjected to abusive, indiscriminate and violent action by those in authority.
