Thomas P. Vartanian
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195388817
- eISBN:
- 9780199863396
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388817.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Over the last few decades, social work and other social science research disciplines have become increasingly reliant on large secondary data sets, as such data sets have increased in both number and ...
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Over the last few decades, social work and other social science research disciplines have become increasingly reliant on large secondary data sets, as such data sets have increased in both number and availability. When starting a new research project, how does one determine whether to use a secondary data set and, if so, which of the thousands of secondary data sets to use? This book provides an in-depth introduction to twenty-nine of the most widely used data sets in social work and the social sciences. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets are examined in the book, as are the years covered by these data sets, the units of analysis, and the sample sizes. The book shows where to find the data, key variables contained in the data, and how to use the data in SAS and Stata. Screen shots are used to illustrate the data sets in a step-by-step process—to show how to download the data, how to merge the data with other data sets, and, in some instances, how to program the data. Each section also profiles studies that have used the respective data sets, providing a feel for the depth and range of questions that a given data source can be used to answer. The book looks at areas of social work and other social science in areas such as child abuse and neglect; children's mental, emotional, and physical health; children's bonds with parents; and children's education and economic well-being. Other research areas covered in this text include public assistance, aging and the elderly, health and mental health, child care, neighborhood perceptions and characteristics, food insecurity, housing, income and poverty, birth weight, sexual activity, sexually transmitted diseases, physical activity, prescription and illegal drug use, dating and domestic violence, home environment, and emotional and general well-being.Less
Over the last few decades, social work and other social science research disciplines have become increasingly reliant on large secondary data sets, as such data sets have increased in both number and availability. When starting a new research project, how does one determine whether to use a secondary data set and, if so, which of the thousands of secondary data sets to use? This book provides an in-depth introduction to twenty-nine of the most widely used data sets in social work and the social sciences. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets are examined in the book, as are the years covered by these data sets, the units of analysis, and the sample sizes. The book shows where to find the data, key variables contained in the data, and how to use the data in SAS and Stata. Screen shots are used to illustrate the data sets in a step-by-step process—to show how to download the data, how to merge the data with other data sets, and, in some instances, how to program the data. Each section also profiles studies that have used the respective data sets, providing a feel for the depth and range of questions that a given data source can be used to answer. The book looks at areas of social work and other social science in areas such as child abuse and neglect; children's mental, emotional, and physical health; children's bonds with parents; and children's education and economic well-being. Other research areas covered in this text include public assistance, aging and the elderly, health and mental health, child care, neighborhood perceptions and characteristics, food insecurity, housing, income and poverty, birth weight, sexual activity, sexually transmitted diseases, physical activity, prescription and illegal drug use, dating and domestic violence, home environment, and emotional and general well-being.
Thomas P. Vartanian
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195388817
- eISBN:
- 9780199863396
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388817.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter explains the differences between primary and secondary data sets. It explains how secondary data sets are typically collected, the ability of large institutions to collect both sizable ...
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This chapter explains the differences between primary and secondary data sets. It explains how secondary data sets are typically collected, the ability of large institutions to collect both sizable and representative data sets and their ability to use sophisticated sampling designs in their data collection, how these large data sets can utilize statistical techniques that may not be available to smaller data sets, and differences between cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets.Less
This chapter explains the differences between primary and secondary data sets. It explains how secondary data sets are typically collected, the ability of large institutions to collect both sizable and representative data sets and their ability to use sophisticated sampling designs in their data collection, how these large data sets can utilize statistical techniques that may not be available to smaller data sets, and differences between cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets.
K. Warner Schaie
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195156737
- eISBN:
- 9780199786817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156737.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter summarizes several methodological issues, including certain research design and analysis paradigms, related to the Seattle Longitudinal Study. The discussion begins with a brief ...
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This chapter summarizes several methodological issues, including certain research design and analysis paradigms, related to the Seattle Longitudinal Study. The discussion begins with a brief exposition of the relationship between cross-sectional and longitudinal data within the context of the general developmental model, followed by a presentation of the rationale for a variety of simple and sequential schemes for data acquisition and analysis. The problems of internal validity of developmental studies and designs for the measurement and control that plague developmental studies are explored. The chapter ends by exploring the relationship between observed measures and latent (unobserved) variables, and how confirmatory (restricted) factor analysis can be applied to assess construct equivalence across cohorts, age, and time in the study of developmental problems.Less
This chapter summarizes several methodological issues, including certain research design and analysis paradigms, related to the Seattle Longitudinal Study. The discussion begins with a brief exposition of the relationship between cross-sectional and longitudinal data within the context of the general developmental model, followed by a presentation of the rationale for a variety of simple and sequential schemes for data acquisition and analysis. The problems of internal validity of developmental studies and designs for the measurement and control that plague developmental studies are explored. The chapter ends by exploring the relationship between observed measures and latent (unobserved) variables, and how confirmatory (restricted) factor analysis can be applied to assess construct equivalence across cohorts, age, and time in the study of developmental problems.
Franz Traxler, Sabine Blaschke, and Bernhard Kittel
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198295549
- eISBN:
- 9780191685132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198295549.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Political Economy
This chapter presents and explains the five basic problems of using a quantitative research design and methodology in studying the development and performance of the twenty countries over thirty ...
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This chapter presents and explains the five basic problems of using a quantitative research design and methodology in studying the development and performance of the twenty countries over thirty decades: the use of a single, interval-scaled variable in measuring institutional concepts; how indicators do not reflect validity; the time series properties of the cross-sectional data used in the study; the use of significance tests in analysing the ‘populations’ of the countries involved; and the limited number of variables that can be included. The study takes on a theoretical approach to analyse the impact of internationalization of labour relations and the effects of institutional factors. The study's main focus lies on developing new measures for labour relations that fair comparably better while addressing the issues in question.Less
This chapter presents and explains the five basic problems of using a quantitative research design and methodology in studying the development and performance of the twenty countries over thirty decades: the use of a single, interval-scaled variable in measuring institutional concepts; how indicators do not reflect validity; the time series properties of the cross-sectional data used in the study; the use of significance tests in analysing the ‘populations’ of the countries involved; and the limited number of variables that can be included. The study takes on a theoretical approach to analyse the impact of internationalization of labour relations and the effects of institutional factors. The study's main focus lies on developing new measures for labour relations that fair comparably better while addressing the issues in question.
Julian Barling
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199757015
- eISBN:
- 9780199372058
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199757015.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines research in mainstream journals since 2000 to show what and who is most likely to be studied by researchers, and what methods are used in this research. Transformational ...
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This chapter examines research in mainstream journals since 2000 to show what and who is most likely to be studied by researchers, and what methods are used in this research. Transformational leadership remains the most extensively researched leadership theory. Most research includes both males and females, targets middlerather than top management, and is conducted within the USA in private sector organizations, with virtually no research in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). Leadership researchers use a wide range of social science methodologies, most typically surveys and cross-sectional data. Researchers also use field research, laboratory experiments, archival data, qualitative research, and meta-analyses. The chapter closes with a discussion of measurement issues in studying leadership, and an invitation to the reader to access an online site and complete several leadership questionnairesLess
This chapter examines research in mainstream journals since 2000 to show what and who is most likely to be studied by researchers, and what methods are used in this research. Transformational leadership remains the most extensively researched leadership theory. Most research includes both males and females, targets middlerather than top management, and is conducted within the USA in private sector organizations, with virtually no research in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). Leadership researchers use a wide range of social science methodologies, most typically surveys and cross-sectional data. Researchers also use field research, laboratory experiments, archival data, qualitative research, and meta-analyses. The chapter closes with a discussion of measurement issues in studying leadership, and an invitation to the reader to access an online site and complete several leadership questionnaires
Tullio Jappelli and Luigi Pistaferri
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199383146
- eISBN:
- 9780199383160
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
The life-cycle model yields a number of important empirical predictions about consumption and saving behavior. First, the growth rate of consumption depends on the difference between the expected ...
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The life-cycle model yields a number of important empirical predictions about consumption and saving behavior. First, the growth rate of consumption depends on the difference between the expected real interest rate and the rate of time preference and varies with the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Second, individuals seek to smooth the marginal utility of consumption over time. Third, young consumers should be accumulating resources for retirement, and hence have an adequate level of wealth at retirement. Finally, the elderly should be decumulating resources. To test these predictions, one can draw on a vast array of data on interest rates, consumption, income, and wealth. Some come from time series and national accounts, others from cross-sectional or longitudinal surveys of households. This chapter introduces stylized facts that emerge from a first examination of such data, pointing out the merits but also the drawbacks of the available sources.Less
The life-cycle model yields a number of important empirical predictions about consumption and saving behavior. First, the growth rate of consumption depends on the difference between the expected real interest rate and the rate of time preference and varies with the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Second, individuals seek to smooth the marginal utility of consumption over time. Third, young consumers should be accumulating resources for retirement, and hence have an adequate level of wealth at retirement. Finally, the elderly should be decumulating resources. To test these predictions, one can draw on a vast array of data on interest rates, consumption, income, and wealth. Some come from time series and national accounts, others from cross-sectional or longitudinal surveys of households. This chapter introduces stylized facts that emerge from a first examination of such data, pointing out the merits but also the drawbacks of the available sources.
Reiko Aoki and Yoko Konishi
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014519
- eISBN:
- 9780262295659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014519.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter provides a new theoretical approach to the economics of the family taking into account the correlation between total fertility rate and female labor participation. It demonstrates how ...
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This chapter provides a new theoretical approach to the economics of the family taking into account the correlation between total fertility rate and female labor participation. It demonstrates how wages and quality of consumption affect the number of children born. In effect, an alternative explanation is provided which shows that there is a positive correlation between total fertility rate and female labor-participation rate, using Japanese cross-sectional data between 1970 to 2005. It is shown that low fertility is associated with consumption of higher-quality products, which carries with it two affects, namely—creating an attraction toward child-bearing; but at the same time reducing the birthrate by making working more attractive—resulting in a negative correlation between birthrate and consumption.Less
This chapter provides a new theoretical approach to the economics of the family taking into account the correlation between total fertility rate and female labor participation. It demonstrates how wages and quality of consumption affect the number of children born. In effect, an alternative explanation is provided which shows that there is a positive correlation between total fertility rate and female labor-participation rate, using Japanese cross-sectional data between 1970 to 2005. It is shown that low fertility is associated with consumption of higher-quality products, which carries with it two affects, namely—creating an attraction toward child-bearing; but at the same time reducing the birthrate by making working more attractive—resulting in a negative correlation between birthrate and consumption.
Michele F. Margolis
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226555645
- eISBN:
- 9780226555812
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226555812.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Chapter 7 tests the life-cycle theory on African Americans and explores the political consequences of their unique constellation of identities—as both ardent Democrats and frequent churchgoers. ...
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Chapter 7 tests the life-cycle theory on African Americans and explores the political consequences of their unique constellation of identities—as both ardent Democrats and frequent churchgoers. Because African-American religious traditions are frequently consistent with Democratic economic messages, African Americans may not feel pressure to update their religious or political attachments in the same way that white Americans might. We should therefore expect that the life-cycle theory will have different implications for African Americans. Whereas African Americans should undergo similar religious life-cycle experiences—decreasing religiosity in young adulthood and then increasing religious involvement in adulthood—they should not necessarily feel that their religious and political leanings are in conflict. Empirical tests bear out these expectations. The chapter then considers the political consequences of African Americans' religious and political attachments. The results from two experiments show that although African Americans are comfortable with religion and politics mixing, as one might expect from a highly religious group, they are not open to this mix when Republicans are doing the mixing. This occurs because the political values valorized in black Protestantism differ from those emphasized by religious denominations and groups associated with the Republican Party.Less
Chapter 7 tests the life-cycle theory on African Americans and explores the political consequences of their unique constellation of identities—as both ardent Democrats and frequent churchgoers. Because African-American religious traditions are frequently consistent with Democratic economic messages, African Americans may not feel pressure to update their religious or political attachments in the same way that white Americans might. We should therefore expect that the life-cycle theory will have different implications for African Americans. Whereas African Americans should undergo similar religious life-cycle experiences—decreasing religiosity in young adulthood and then increasing religious involvement in adulthood—they should not necessarily feel that their religious and political leanings are in conflict. Empirical tests bear out these expectations. The chapter then considers the political consequences of African Americans' religious and political attachments. The results from two experiments show that although African Americans are comfortable with religion and politics mixing, as one might expect from a highly religious group, they are not open to this mix when Republicans are doing the mixing. This occurs because the political values valorized in black Protestantism differ from those emphasized by religious denominations and groups associated with the Republican Party.
Michele F. Margolis
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226555645
- eISBN:
- 9780226555812
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226555812.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Chapter 6 explores how political knowledge helps create the religious gap. First, the chapter shows that respondents with medium and high levels of political knowledge drive the findings from the ...
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Chapter 6 explores how political knowledge helps create the religious gap. First, the chapter shows that respondents with medium and high levels of political knowledge drive the findings from the previous chapter. In contrast, partisans with little political knowledge did not update their religious attachments to be consistent with their partisanship. Next, the data show that a political knowledge gap, in addition to a partisan gap, exists within churches. If more knowledgeable Republicans select into religion and more knowledgeable Democrats select out of religion, then Americans affiliated with different religious currents should differ both in terms of partisanship and political knowledge. The results indicate that while Republicans who are politically engaged are also more likely to be involved in religion, Democrats who are politically engaged are less likely to be involved with religion. Republicans, therefore, not only attend church more often than Democrats, but church-going Republicans are also more politically engaged than church-going Democrats. Partisan differences in political knowledge and engagement, in turn, change the likelihood that campaigns can successfully mobilize supporters through churches.Less
Chapter 6 explores how political knowledge helps create the religious gap. First, the chapter shows that respondents with medium and high levels of political knowledge drive the findings from the previous chapter. In contrast, partisans with little political knowledge did not update their religious attachments to be consistent with their partisanship. Next, the data show that a political knowledge gap, in addition to a partisan gap, exists within churches. If more knowledgeable Republicans select into religion and more knowledgeable Democrats select out of religion, then Americans affiliated with different religious currents should differ both in terms of partisanship and political knowledge. The results indicate that while Republicans who are politically engaged are also more likely to be involved in religion, Democrats who are politically engaged are less likely to be involved with religion. Republicans, therefore, not only attend church more often than Democrats, but church-going Republicans are also more politically engaged than church-going Democrats. Partisan differences in political knowledge and engagement, in turn, change the likelihood that campaigns can successfully mobilize supporters through churches.
