Thanh V. Tran
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325089
- eISBN:
- 9780199864515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325089.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Chapter 1 provides the readers an overview of the definitions of culture, a brief discussion of cross-cultural research backgrounds in anthropology, psychology, sociology, and political science, and ...
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Chapter 1 provides the readers an overview of the definitions of culture, a brief discussion of cross-cultural research backgrounds in anthropology, psychology, sociology, and political science, and the influences of these fields on social work. These cross-cultural research fields offer social work both theoretical and methodological resources. The chapter shows that all cross-cultural research fields share the same concern—that is, the equivalence of research instruments. One cannot draw meaningful comparisons of behavioral problems, social values, or psychological status between or across different cultural groups in the absence of cross-culturally equivalent research instruments.Less
Chapter 1 provides the readers an overview of the definitions of culture, a brief discussion of cross-cultural research backgrounds in anthropology, psychology, sociology, and political science, and the influences of these fields on social work. These cross-cultural research fields offer social work both theoretical and methodological resources. The chapter shows that all cross-cultural research fields share the same concern—that is, the equivalence of research instruments. One cannot draw meaningful comparisons of behavioral problems, social values, or psychological status between or across different cultural groups in the absence of cross-culturally equivalent research instruments.
A. Timothy Church and Marcia S. Katigbak
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199840694
- eISBN:
- 9780199932726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199840694.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The authors’ indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology studies in the area of culture and personality are reviewed. Indigenous studies include the authors’ efforts to identify and measure ...
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The authors’ indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology studies in the area of culture and personality are reviewed. Indigenous studies include the authors’ efforts to identify and measure Filipino personality dimensions, drawing on both cultural informant and lexical approaches, and to relate these dimensions to hypothesized universal dimensions such as the Five-Factor Model. The authors’ cross-cultural studies address the generalizability of personality structure as measured by the NEO personality inventories and the measurement invariance of these inventories, with implications for the validity of mean profile comparisons across cultures. The authors then describe their studies testing an integrated trait and cultural psychology perspective. Finally, theoretical and applied implications and directions for future research are noted. The authors conclude that indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology perspectives provide complementary approaches and that integrating them will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between culture and personality.Less
The authors’ indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology studies in the area of culture and personality are reviewed. Indigenous studies include the authors’ efforts to identify and measure Filipino personality dimensions, drawing on both cultural informant and lexical approaches, and to relate these dimensions to hypothesized universal dimensions such as the Five-Factor Model. The authors’ cross-cultural studies address the generalizability of personality structure as measured by the NEO personality inventories and the measurement invariance of these inventories, with implications for the validity of mean profile comparisons across cultures. The authors then describe their studies testing an integrated trait and cultural psychology perspective. Finally, theoretical and applied implications and directions for future research are noted. The authors conclude that indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology perspectives provide complementary approaches and that integrating them will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between culture and personality.
Robyn M. Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- April 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199343805
- eISBN:
- 9780197503089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199343805.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Chapter 2 explores the individuals, disciplines, and historical forces that contributed to the emergence of cultural psychology. It discusses central themes and types of historical approaches, ...
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Chapter 2 explores the individuals, disciplines, and historical forces that contributed to the emergence of cultural psychology. It discusses central themes and types of historical approaches, ancient Greek contributions, late 19th and early 20th century thinkers, Wilhelm Wundt, sociology and anthropology’s early contributions, the psychologists Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, and the anthropologists Franz Boas and D. Price-Williams. It explores cross-cultural psychology and the contributions of Marshall Segall, Geert Hofstede, and Harry Triandis. Finally, it discusses cultural psychology and the contributions of Richard Shweder, Jerome Bruner, Michael Cole, and indigenous psychologies. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.Less
Chapter 2 explores the individuals, disciplines, and historical forces that contributed to the emergence of cultural psychology. It discusses central themes and types of historical approaches, ancient Greek contributions, late 19th and early 20th century thinkers, Wilhelm Wundt, sociology and anthropology’s early contributions, the psychologists Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, and the anthropologists Franz Boas and D. Price-Williams. It explores cross-cultural psychology and the contributions of Marshall Segall, Geert Hofstede, and Harry Triandis. Finally, it discusses cultural psychology and the contributions of Richard Shweder, Jerome Bruner, Michael Cole, and indigenous psychologies. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.
Sunil Bhatia
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199964727
- eISBN:
- 9780190690243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199964727.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter investigates how neoliberal globalization is not just an economic concept or an economic condition; rather, it brings with it shifts in the spheres of culture psychology and identity. It ...
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This chapter investigates how neoliberal globalization is not just an economic concept or an economic condition; rather, it brings with it shifts in the spheres of culture psychology and identity. It specifically analyzes how personality and assessment tests and cross-cultural workshops on identity and difference that are primarily developed from Euro-American psychology are utilized in the Indian information technology and call center industry. The cross-cultural framework developed primarily by Western psychologists provided the most important tools, concepts, and vocabularies to understand “culture” in cultural sensitivity workshops and extended training seminars held for offshore companies, such as in India. These workshops promoted highly reified ideas about culture in which Indian work culture was viewed as inefficient, hierarchical, feudal, and indirect, whereas European culture was framed as egalitarian, professional, assertive, and non-hierarchical. This chapter reveals how neoliberal psychological discourses of self, identity, and happiness are becoming a mainstay of Indian culture and society.Less
This chapter investigates how neoliberal globalization is not just an economic concept or an economic condition; rather, it brings with it shifts in the spheres of culture psychology and identity. It specifically analyzes how personality and assessment tests and cross-cultural workshops on identity and difference that are primarily developed from Euro-American psychology are utilized in the Indian information technology and call center industry. The cross-cultural framework developed primarily by Western psychologists provided the most important tools, concepts, and vocabularies to understand “culture” in cultural sensitivity workshops and extended training seminars held for offshore companies, such as in India. These workshops promoted highly reified ideas about culture in which Indian work culture was viewed as inefficient, hierarchical, feudal, and indirect, whereas European culture was framed as egalitarian, professional, assertive, and non-hierarchical. This chapter reveals how neoliberal psychological discourses of self, identity, and happiness are becoming a mainstay of Indian culture and society.
Joan G. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226501543
- eISBN:
- 9780226501710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226501710.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
This chapter provides a critical evaluation of work in the social psychological tradition of cultural psychology. An overview is first presented of the general theoretical assumptions and goals of ...
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This chapter provides a critical evaluation of work in the social psychological tradition of cultural psychology. An overview is first presented of the general theoretical assumptions and goals of cultural psychology, a methodologically heterogeneous and interdisciplinary research tradition that is distinguished by its assumptions that culture and self are mutually constitutive. To illustrate the goals of cultural social psychology, an overview is then provided of cross-cultural work that we have conducted that embodies sensitivity to context while challenging the universality of psychological theories of interpersonal morality and social support. Appraisal next centers on contemporary research in cultural social psychology that seeks to culturally broaden social psychological theory through its programs of quantitative and comparative cross-cultural research. It is argued that such work has achieved only mixed success in achieving its goals due to its limited attention to context and embrace of individual difference models of culture. The argument is made that to fully achieve the agenda of cultural social psychology future research in this tradition needs to go beyond essentializing taxonomic frameworks and work to gain more indepth understandings of the cultural meanings and practices of the cultural communities under consideration.Less
This chapter provides a critical evaluation of work in the social psychological tradition of cultural psychology. An overview is first presented of the general theoretical assumptions and goals of cultural psychology, a methodologically heterogeneous and interdisciplinary research tradition that is distinguished by its assumptions that culture and self are mutually constitutive. To illustrate the goals of cultural social psychology, an overview is then provided of cross-cultural work that we have conducted that embodies sensitivity to context while challenging the universality of psychological theories of interpersonal morality and social support. Appraisal next centers on contemporary research in cultural social psychology that seeks to culturally broaden social psychological theory through its programs of quantitative and comparative cross-cultural research. It is argued that such work has achieved only mixed success in achieving its goals due to its limited attention to context and embrace of individual difference models of culture. The argument is made that to fully achieve the agenda of cultural social psychology future research in this tradition needs to go beyond essentializing taxonomic frameworks and work to gain more indepth understandings of the cultural meanings and practices of the cultural communities under consideration.
Robyn M. Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- April 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199343805
- eISBN:
- 9780197503089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199343805.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Chapter 1 explores the field of cultural psychology, the concept of culture, why we should study culture, and other disciplines that study culture. It provides definitions and distinguishing features ...
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Chapter 1 explores the field of cultural psychology, the concept of culture, why we should study culture, and other disciplines that study culture. It provides definitions and distinguishing features for the terms culture, nationality, and ethnicity. It discusses the fields that study culture including cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology, indigenous psychology, anthropology, cultural studies, and sociology. It explains ways to think about culture and constructs such as cultural universal and culture-specific, emics and etics, ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, and individualism and collectivism. It examines why we should study culture and the applied value of cultural psychology in real-life settings such as school, the workplace, and clinical contexts. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.Less
Chapter 1 explores the field of cultural psychology, the concept of culture, why we should study culture, and other disciplines that study culture. It provides definitions and distinguishing features for the terms culture, nationality, and ethnicity. It discusses the fields that study culture including cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology, indigenous psychology, anthropology, cultural studies, and sociology. It explains ways to think about culture and constructs such as cultural universal and culture-specific, emics and etics, ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, and individualism and collectivism. It examines why we should study culture and the applied value of cultural psychology in real-life settings such as school, the workplace, and clinical contexts. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.
David Matsumoto and Hyisung C. Hwang (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190679743
- eISBN:
- 9780190679774
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190679743.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Culture is well recognized as an important basis for understanding psychological processes and behavior. Culturally informed research in psychology continues to supplement and challenge traditional ...
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Culture is well recognized as an important basis for understanding psychological processes and behavior. Culturally informed research in psychology continues to supplement and challenge traditional knowledge in mainstream psychology in many ways, making culture a major topic of relevance for students and professionals in all areas of psychology. This second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Culture and Psychology conveys the impact that the contributions of cultural and cross-cultural psychology have made to the field’s understanding of the relation between culture and psychology. Divided into six parts, this book provides a unique account of the current state of cultural and cross-cultural psychology across a wide range of topics at the highest scholarly level. The chapters in this volume, written by leading scholars in the field, represent topics most relevant to culture and psychology, most exemplary of the work in the entire field, and most representative of the evolution of cross-cultural method and knowledge. Each chapter presents state-of-the art reviews of the theoretical and empirical literature in each topic area, going well beyond encyclopedic reviews of the existing research to objectively evaluate the literature. All contributors also present their visions of the future in their areas and outline work to guide researchers in future decades. While some chapters are careful updates from the first edition of this book, others are completely new rewrites given the evolution of new research. Nine other chapters are entirely new to this edition. In all, the book represents the collective wisdom of the leading thinkers and researchers in cultural and cross-cultural psychology. It is the only resource of its kind in the field and will serve as a valuable reference and guide for beginning researchers and scholars alike.Less
Culture is well recognized as an important basis for understanding psychological processes and behavior. Culturally informed research in psychology continues to supplement and challenge traditional knowledge in mainstream psychology in many ways, making culture a major topic of relevance for students and professionals in all areas of psychology. This second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Culture and Psychology conveys the impact that the contributions of cultural and cross-cultural psychology have made to the field’s understanding of the relation between culture and psychology. Divided into six parts, this book provides a unique account of the current state of cultural and cross-cultural psychology across a wide range of topics at the highest scholarly level. The chapters in this volume, written by leading scholars in the field, represent topics most relevant to culture and psychology, most exemplary of the work in the entire field, and most representative of the evolution of cross-cultural method and knowledge. Each chapter presents state-of-the art reviews of the theoretical and empirical literature in each topic area, going well beyond encyclopedic reviews of the existing research to objectively evaluate the literature. All contributors also present their visions of the future in their areas and outline work to guide researchers in future decades. While some chapters are careful updates from the first edition of this book, others are completely new rewrites given the evolution of new research. Nine other chapters are entirely new to this edition. In all, the book represents the collective wisdom of the leading thinkers and researchers in cultural and cross-cultural psychology. It is the only resource of its kind in the field and will serve as a valuable reference and guide for beginning researchers and scholars alike.
Yoshihisa Kashima
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190679743
- eISBN:
- 9780190679774
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190679743.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
What is culture for? What functions does culture serve? This chapter traces a historical background to these functionalist questions and examine their contemporary relevance. Although functionalist ...
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What is culture for? What functions does culture serve? This chapter traces a historical background to these functionalist questions and examine their contemporary relevance. Although functionalist perspectives arose from Darwin’s evolutionism in social science and psychology of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, their theoretical implications were thoroughly criticized and gave way to the emergence of a newer, neo-functionalist thinking in the late twentieth century. A neo-functionalist perspective is discernible in a variety of theoretical approaches in culture and psychology. Its basic tenet suggests that culture is often, though not always, helpful for its adopters to adapt to their local environmental niche, meeting different types of environmental challenges, both natural and human made (built, economic, intergroup, intragroup, psychological). The chapter concludes by advocating that research on culture and psychology can play a critical role in helping humanity meet the twenty-first-century challenges of climate change and intergroup conflicts.Less
What is culture for? What functions does culture serve? This chapter traces a historical background to these functionalist questions and examine their contemporary relevance. Although functionalist perspectives arose from Darwin’s evolutionism in social science and psychology of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, their theoretical implications were thoroughly criticized and gave way to the emergence of a newer, neo-functionalist thinking in the late twentieth century. A neo-functionalist perspective is discernible in a variety of theoretical approaches in culture and psychology. Its basic tenet suggests that culture is often, though not always, helpful for its adopters to adapt to their local environmental niche, meeting different types of environmental challenges, both natural and human made (built, economic, intergroup, intragroup, psychological). The chapter concludes by advocating that research on culture and psychology can play a critical role in helping humanity meet the twenty-first-century challenges of climate change and intergroup conflicts.
Julia L. Cassaniti
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226501543
- eISBN:
- 9780226501710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226501710.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
There may not be basic emotional states uniformly experienced across time and space. Nevertheless, we can systematically make sense of a universal human capacity for feelings, and a potential to ...
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There may not be basic emotional states uniformly experienced across time and space. Nevertheless, we can systematically make sense of a universal human capacity for feelings, and a potential to recognize them in each other, through an interdisciplinary perspective on componential qualities of emotional experience. In this essay Julia Cassaniti draws out such a cultural psychology approach to the study of emotional universality, highlighting a Thai Buddhist theory of emotionality based on an interpretive scheme of cultural meanings tied to a local moral causal ontology, and showing how this scheme makes sense of emotionality not at the level of discrete emotions but through locally elaborated dimensions, or components. Using a case example of the affective response to a flooded house in Northern Thailand, she argues that such a perspective allows for the study of similarity without claiming cross-cultural uniformity of emotions as natural kinds.Less
There may not be basic emotional states uniformly experienced across time and space. Nevertheless, we can systematically make sense of a universal human capacity for feelings, and a potential to recognize them in each other, through an interdisciplinary perspective on componential qualities of emotional experience. In this essay Julia Cassaniti draws out such a cultural psychology approach to the study of emotional universality, highlighting a Thai Buddhist theory of emotionality based on an interpretive scheme of cultural meanings tied to a local moral causal ontology, and showing how this scheme makes sense of emotionality not at the level of discrete emotions but through locally elaborated dimensions, or components. Using a case example of the affective response to a flooded house in Northern Thailand, she argues that such a perspective allows for the study of similarity without claiming cross-cultural uniformity of emotions as natural kinds.
Robyn M. Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- April 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199343805
- eISBN:
- 9780197503089
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199343805.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Cultural psychology draws upon major psychological topics, theories, and principles to illustrate the importance of culture in psychological inquiry. It explores how culture broadly connects to ...
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Cultural psychology draws upon major psychological topics, theories, and principles to illustrate the importance of culture in psychological inquiry. It explores how culture broadly connects to psychological processing across diverse cultural communities and settings, highlighting its application to everyday life events and situations, and presenting culture as a complex medium in which individuals acquire skills, values, and abilities. One central theme is the view of culture as a mental and physical construct that individuals live, experience, share, perform, and learn; a second core theme is how culture shapes growth and development. Culture-specific and cross-cultural examples reveal connections between culture and psychological phenomena. The text is multidisciplinary and presents different perspectives on how culture shapes human phenomena. It provides an introduction to this field; covers the history of cultural psychology, cultural evolution, and cultural ecology; explains methods; and examines language and nonverbal communication, and cognition and perception. Topics investigating social behavior include the self, identity, and personality; social relationships, social attitudes, and intergroup contact in a global world; and social influence, aggression, violence, and war. Topics addressing growth and development include human development and its processes, transitions, and rituals across the life span; and socializing agents, socialization practices, and child activities. Additional topics explore emotion and motivation, mental health and psychopathology, and future directions for cultural psychology. Chapters contain teaching and learning tools, including case studies, multidisciplinary contributions, thought-provoking questions, class and experiential activities, a chapter summary, and additional print and media resources.Less
Cultural psychology draws upon major psychological topics, theories, and principles to illustrate the importance of culture in psychological inquiry. It explores how culture broadly connects to psychological processing across diverse cultural communities and settings, highlighting its application to everyday life events and situations, and presenting culture as a complex medium in which individuals acquire skills, values, and abilities. One central theme is the view of culture as a mental and physical construct that individuals live, experience, share, perform, and learn; a second core theme is how culture shapes growth and development. Culture-specific and cross-cultural examples reveal connections between culture and psychological phenomena. The text is multidisciplinary and presents different perspectives on how culture shapes human phenomena. It provides an introduction to this field; covers the history of cultural psychology, cultural evolution, and cultural ecology; explains methods; and examines language and nonverbal communication, and cognition and perception. Topics investigating social behavior include the self, identity, and personality; social relationships, social attitudes, and intergroup contact in a global world; and social influence, aggression, violence, and war. Topics addressing growth and development include human development and its processes, transitions, and rituals across the life span; and socializing agents, socialization practices, and child activities. Additional topics explore emotion and motivation, mental health and psychopathology, and future directions for cultural psychology. Chapters contain teaching and learning tools, including case studies, multidisciplinary contributions, thought-provoking questions, class and experiential activities, a chapter summary, and additional print and media resources.
Olivia Newman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028790
- eISBN:
- 9780262327558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028790.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter surveys research in social, cognitive, moral, and developmental psychology that suggests character is not constituted by global character traits that inform behavior over a wide variety ...
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This chapter surveys research in social, cognitive, moral, and developmental psychology that suggests character is not constituted by global character traits that inform behavior over a wide variety of situations. Instead, traits are much more local and specific, and situations shape behavior at least as much as traits do. Human character appears to be situated and social, resulting in differentiation by sphere; domain-differentiation may be a fundamental feature of moral character. This is the psychology of public reason. As this chapter suggests, domain-differentiation challenges common views of the self as unified around a single set of goals, beliefs, attitudes, and aptitudes. A brief examination of cross-cultural psychology bolsters this view of the self as differentiated by domain.Less
This chapter surveys research in social, cognitive, moral, and developmental psychology that suggests character is not constituted by global character traits that inform behavior over a wide variety of situations. Instead, traits are much more local and specific, and situations shape behavior at least as much as traits do. Human character appears to be situated and social, resulting in differentiation by sphere; domain-differentiation may be a fundamental feature of moral character. This is the psychology of public reason. As this chapter suggests, domain-differentiation challenges common views of the self as unified around a single set of goals, beliefs, attitudes, and aptitudes. A brief examination of cross-cultural psychology bolsters this view of the self as differentiated by domain.
Thierry R. F. Middleton, Robert J. Schinke, Brennan Petersen, and Cole E. Giffin
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- October 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197512494
- eISBN:
- 9780197512524
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197512494.003.0024
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Our aim in this chapter is to demonstrate how, and why, researchers and practitioners may benefit through embracing and learning from the diverse approaches taken to studying cross-cultural, ...
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Our aim in this chapter is to demonstrate how, and why, researchers and practitioners may benefit through embracing and learning from the diverse approaches taken to studying cross-cultural, multicultural, and intercultural issues. We do so by examining the study of integration, a process in which individuals maintain their cultural heritage while also engaging in a shared process of learning the dominant cultural norms of their community. Integration has been widely promoted as the most conducive form of acculturation for newcomers to a community. The chapter begins with a brief overview of how researchers have used cross-cultural and cultural sport psychology (CSP) approaches to examine how sport and physical activity contexts may foster integration and what their findings have revealed. The unknown is then explored through five major questions that can guide future researchers in their work alongside those with whom they wish to learn from.Less
Our aim in this chapter is to demonstrate how, and why, researchers and practitioners may benefit through embracing and learning from the diverse approaches taken to studying cross-cultural, multicultural, and intercultural issues. We do so by examining the study of integration, a process in which individuals maintain their cultural heritage while also engaging in a shared process of learning the dominant cultural norms of their community. Integration has been widely promoted as the most conducive form of acculturation for newcomers to a community. The chapter begins with a brief overview of how researchers have used cross-cultural and cultural sport psychology (CSP) approaches to examine how sport and physical activity contexts may foster integration and what their findings have revealed. The unknown is then explored through five major questions that can guide future researchers in their work alongside those with whom they wish to learn from.
Kate C. McLean (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- October 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190095949
- eISBN:
- 9780197601273
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190095949.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This volume focuses on cultural methodologies in psychology. Chapters focus on a diverse array of methodologies employed in cultural and cross-cultural psychology, including various interview ...
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This volume focuses on cultural methodologies in psychology. Chapters focus on a diverse array of methodologies employed in cultural and cross-cultural psychology, including various interview methodologies, digital tools, use of media representations, exposure to positive exemplars, survey and experience sampling, and participatory action research. Each chapter discusses a particular methodology in the context of a particular topic, such as identity development, racism, implicit bias, immigration, social class, colonialism, trauma, violence, gender, and sexuality. These topics and methods are arranged across three sections that focus on methods that are meant to describe culture and cultural phenomena; methods that transform culture; and a section on broad, overarching issues, such as the colonial harm inflicted by scientific research, diversity in open science, and intersectionality. The volume is meant to enrich the practice of those already engaged in cultural research, and to help to build the skills of those just starting out.Less
This volume focuses on cultural methodologies in psychology. Chapters focus on a diverse array of methodologies employed in cultural and cross-cultural psychology, including various interview methodologies, digital tools, use of media representations, exposure to positive exemplars, survey and experience sampling, and participatory action research. Each chapter discusses a particular methodology in the context of a particular topic, such as identity development, racism, implicit bias, immigration, social class, colonialism, trauma, violence, gender, and sexuality. These topics and methods are arranged across three sections that focus on methods that are meant to describe culture and cultural phenomena; methods that transform culture; and a section on broad, overarching issues, such as the colonial harm inflicted by scientific research, diversity in open science, and intersectionality. The volume is meant to enrich the practice of those already engaged in cultural research, and to help to build the skills of those just starting out.
Antonya Marie Gonzalez
Kate C. McLean (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- October 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190095949
- eISBN:
- 9780197601273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190095949.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
In adults, implicit racial bias has been linked to prejudiced and discriminatory behavior. However, implicit racial biases emerge well before adulthood; as young as age six, children have already ...
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In adults, implicit racial bias has been linked to prejudiced and discriminatory behavior. However, implicit racial biases emerge well before adulthood; as young as age six, children have already internalized the racial attitudes of their culture. Thus, it is critical for researchers to understand how to change implicit racial bias early in development, before its negative effects compound across the lifespan. The following chapter highlights one potential method of bias reduction in childhood: exposure to positive exemplars. As this method is both scalable and child-friendly, it has the potential to be used with young children on a broader cultural level. This chapter details child-friendly methods for measuring bias change and provides two examples of studies that have successfully employed positive exemplar exposure to reduce children’s implicit racial bias. I conclude the chapter with recommendations for future use of this intervention cross-culturally, as well as broader cultural applications.Less
In adults, implicit racial bias has been linked to prejudiced and discriminatory behavior. However, implicit racial biases emerge well before adulthood; as young as age six, children have already internalized the racial attitudes of their culture. Thus, it is critical for researchers to understand how to change implicit racial bias early in development, before its negative effects compound across the lifespan. The following chapter highlights one potential method of bias reduction in childhood: exposure to positive exemplars. As this method is both scalable and child-friendly, it has the potential to be used with young children on a broader cultural level. This chapter details child-friendly methods for measuring bias change and provides two examples of studies that have successfully employed positive exemplar exposure to reduce children’s implicit racial bias. I conclude the chapter with recommendations for future use of this intervention cross-culturally, as well as broader cultural applications.
Beate Schwarz
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447300984
- eISBN:
- 9781447310921
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447300984.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
The chapter summarises research on intergenerational conflict with a focus on European studies. The results are integrated in the theoretical approaches of intergenerational solidarity and ...
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The chapter summarises research on intergenerational conflict with a focus on European studies. The results are integrated in the theoretical approaches of intergenerational solidarity and intergenerational ambivalence. The author discusses the meaning of intergenerational conflict against the background of individuals’ life-long striving for a balance between autonomy and relatedness. Therefore, the role of developmental tasks and transitions which are specific for adult children and their parents in different phases of adulthood are outlined.Less
The chapter summarises research on intergenerational conflict with a focus on European studies. The results are integrated in the theoretical approaches of intergenerational solidarity and intergenerational ambivalence. The author discusses the meaning of intergenerational conflict against the background of individuals’ life-long striving for a balance between autonomy and relatedness. Therefore, the role of developmental tasks and transitions which are specific for adult children and their parents in different phases of adulthood are outlined.
Jonathan Haidt and Paul Rozin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226501543
- eISBN:
- 9780226501710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226501710.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
This essay describes the ways that our thinking about morality changed in response to Richard Shweder’s writings about morality, and in particular his description of the “ethics of divinity.” It ...
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This essay describes the ways that our thinking about morality changed in response to Richard Shweder’s writings about morality, and in particular his description of the “ethics of divinity.” It first describes Shweder’s theory of the “three ethics” of moral discourse and explain why the theory was so important for moral psychology. It then shows how useful the ethics of divinity has been for understanding some puzzles about sexual morality, bioethical controversies, and the American culture war more generally, and closes with an endorsement of moral pluralism. It uses the story of Flatland, a short novel by the English mathematician Edwin Abbot, published in 1884, as an analogy to describe the move from psychology to cultural psychology that such a perspective enables.Less
This essay describes the ways that our thinking about morality changed in response to Richard Shweder’s writings about morality, and in particular his description of the “ethics of divinity.” It first describes Shweder’s theory of the “three ethics” of moral discourse and explain why the theory was so important for moral psychology. It then shows how useful the ethics of divinity has been for understanding some puzzles about sexual morality, bioethical controversies, and the American culture war more generally, and closes with an endorsement of moral pluralism. It uses the story of Flatland, a short novel by the English mathematician Edwin Abbot, published in 1884, as an analogy to describe the move from psychology to cultural psychology that such a perspective enables.