Thanh V. Tran
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325089
- eISBN:
- 9780199864515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325089.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Chapter 1 provides the readers an overview of the definitions of culture, a brief discussion of cross-cultural research backgrounds in anthropology, psychology, sociology, and political science, and ...
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Chapter 1 provides the readers an overview of the definitions of culture, a brief discussion of cross-cultural research backgrounds in anthropology, psychology, sociology, and political science, and the influences of these fields on social work. These cross-cultural research fields offer social work both theoretical and methodological resources. The chapter shows that all cross-cultural research fields share the same concern—that is, the equivalence of research instruments. One cannot draw meaningful comparisons of behavioral problems, social values, or psychological status between or across different cultural groups in the absence of cross-culturally equivalent research instruments.Less
Chapter 1 provides the readers an overview of the definitions of culture, a brief discussion of cross-cultural research backgrounds in anthropology, psychology, sociology, and political science, and the influences of these fields on social work. These cross-cultural research fields offer social work both theoretical and methodological resources. The chapter shows that all cross-cultural research fields share the same concern—that is, the equivalence of research instruments. One cannot draw meaningful comparisons of behavioral problems, social values, or psychological status between or across different cultural groups in the absence of cross-culturally equivalent research instruments.
A. Timothy Church and Marcia S. Katigbak
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199840694
- eISBN:
- 9780199932726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199840694.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The authors’ indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology studies in the area of culture and personality are reviewed. Indigenous studies include the authors’ efforts to identify and measure ...
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The authors’ indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology studies in the area of culture and personality are reviewed. Indigenous studies include the authors’ efforts to identify and measure Filipino personality dimensions, drawing on both cultural informant and lexical approaches, and to relate these dimensions to hypothesized universal dimensions such as the Five-Factor Model. The authors’ cross-cultural studies address the generalizability of personality structure as measured by the NEO personality inventories and the measurement invariance of these inventories, with implications for the validity of mean profile comparisons across cultures. The authors then describe their studies testing an integrated trait and cultural psychology perspective. Finally, theoretical and applied implications and directions for future research are noted. The authors conclude that indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology perspectives provide complementary approaches and that integrating them will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between culture and personality.Less
The authors’ indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology studies in the area of culture and personality are reviewed. Indigenous studies include the authors’ efforts to identify and measure Filipino personality dimensions, drawing on both cultural informant and lexical approaches, and to relate these dimensions to hypothesized universal dimensions such as the Five-Factor Model. The authors’ cross-cultural studies address the generalizability of personality structure as measured by the NEO personality inventories and the measurement invariance of these inventories, with implications for the validity of mean profile comparisons across cultures. The authors then describe their studies testing an integrated trait and cultural psychology perspective. Finally, theoretical and applied implications and directions for future research are noted. The authors conclude that indigenous, cross-cultural, and cultural psychology perspectives provide complementary approaches and that integrating them will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between culture and personality.
Sunil Bhatia
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199964727
- eISBN:
- 9780190690243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199964727.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter investigates how neoliberal globalization is not just an economic concept or an economic condition; rather, it brings with it shifts in the spheres of culture psychology and identity. It ...
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This chapter investigates how neoliberal globalization is not just an economic concept or an economic condition; rather, it brings with it shifts in the spheres of culture psychology and identity. It specifically analyzes how personality and assessment tests and cross-cultural workshops on identity and difference that are primarily developed from Euro-American psychology are utilized in the Indian information technology and call center industry. The cross-cultural framework developed primarily by Western psychologists provided the most important tools, concepts, and vocabularies to understand “culture” in cultural sensitivity workshops and extended training seminars held for offshore companies, such as in India. These workshops promoted highly reified ideas about culture in which Indian work culture was viewed as inefficient, hierarchical, feudal, and indirect, whereas European culture was framed as egalitarian, professional, assertive, and non-hierarchical. This chapter reveals how neoliberal psychological discourses of self, identity, and happiness are becoming a mainstay of Indian culture and society.Less
This chapter investigates how neoliberal globalization is not just an economic concept or an economic condition; rather, it brings with it shifts in the spheres of culture psychology and identity. It specifically analyzes how personality and assessment tests and cross-cultural workshops on identity and difference that are primarily developed from Euro-American psychology are utilized in the Indian information technology and call center industry. The cross-cultural framework developed primarily by Western psychologists provided the most important tools, concepts, and vocabularies to understand “culture” in cultural sensitivity workshops and extended training seminars held for offshore companies, such as in India. These workshops promoted highly reified ideas about culture in which Indian work culture was viewed as inefficient, hierarchical, feudal, and indirect, whereas European culture was framed as egalitarian, professional, assertive, and non-hierarchical. This chapter reveals how neoliberal psychological discourses of self, identity, and happiness are becoming a mainstay of Indian culture and society.
Yoshihisa Kashima
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190679743
- eISBN:
- 9780190679774
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190679743.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
What is culture for? What functions does culture serve? This chapter traces a historical background to these functionalist questions and examine their contemporary relevance. Although functionalist ...
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What is culture for? What functions does culture serve? This chapter traces a historical background to these functionalist questions and examine their contemporary relevance. Although functionalist perspectives arose from Darwin’s evolutionism in social science and psychology of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, their theoretical implications were thoroughly criticized and gave way to the emergence of a newer, neo-functionalist thinking in the late twentieth century. A neo-functionalist perspective is discernible in a variety of theoretical approaches in culture and psychology. Its basic tenet suggests that culture is often, though not always, helpful for its adopters to adapt to their local environmental niche, meeting different types of environmental challenges, both natural and human made (built, economic, intergroup, intragroup, psychological). The chapter concludes by advocating that research on culture and psychology can play a critical role in helping humanity meet the twenty-first-century challenges of climate change and intergroup conflicts.Less
What is culture for? What functions does culture serve? This chapter traces a historical background to these functionalist questions and examine their contemporary relevance. Although functionalist perspectives arose from Darwin’s evolutionism in social science and psychology of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, their theoretical implications were thoroughly criticized and gave way to the emergence of a newer, neo-functionalist thinking in the late twentieth century. A neo-functionalist perspective is discernible in a variety of theoretical approaches in culture and psychology. Its basic tenet suggests that culture is often, though not always, helpful for its adopters to adapt to their local environmental niche, meeting different types of environmental challenges, both natural and human made (built, economic, intergroup, intragroup, psychological). The chapter concludes by advocating that research on culture and psychology can play a critical role in helping humanity meet the twenty-first-century challenges of climate change and intergroup conflicts.
David Matsumoto and Hyisung C. Hwang (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190679743
- eISBN:
- 9780190679774
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190679743.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Culture is well recognized as an important basis for understanding psychological processes and behavior. Culturally informed research in psychology continues to supplement and challenge traditional ...
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Culture is well recognized as an important basis for understanding psychological processes and behavior. Culturally informed research in psychology continues to supplement and challenge traditional knowledge in mainstream psychology in many ways, making culture a major topic of relevance for students and professionals in all areas of psychology. This second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Culture and Psychology conveys the impact that the contributions of cultural and cross-cultural psychology have made to the field’s understanding of the relation between culture and psychology. Divided into six parts, this book provides a unique account of the current state of cultural and cross-cultural psychology across a wide range of topics at the highest scholarly level. The chapters in this volume, written by leading scholars in the field, represent topics most relevant to culture and psychology, most exemplary of the work in the entire field, and most representative of the evolution of cross-cultural method and knowledge. Each chapter presents state-of-the art reviews of the theoretical and empirical literature in each topic area, going well beyond encyclopedic reviews of the existing research to objectively evaluate the literature. All contributors also present their visions of the future in their areas and outline work to guide researchers in future decades. While some chapters are careful updates from the first edition of this book, others are completely new rewrites given the evolution of new research. Nine other chapters are entirely new to this edition. In all, the book represents the collective wisdom of the leading thinkers and researchers in cultural and cross-cultural psychology. It is the only resource of its kind in the field and will serve as a valuable reference and guide for beginning researchers and scholars alike.Less
Culture is well recognized as an important basis for understanding psychological processes and behavior. Culturally informed research in psychology continues to supplement and challenge traditional knowledge in mainstream psychology in many ways, making culture a major topic of relevance for students and professionals in all areas of psychology. This second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Culture and Psychology conveys the impact that the contributions of cultural and cross-cultural psychology have made to the field’s understanding of the relation between culture and psychology. Divided into six parts, this book provides a unique account of the current state of cultural and cross-cultural psychology across a wide range of topics at the highest scholarly level. The chapters in this volume, written by leading scholars in the field, represent topics most relevant to culture and psychology, most exemplary of the work in the entire field, and most representative of the evolution of cross-cultural method and knowledge. Each chapter presents state-of-the art reviews of the theoretical and empirical literature in each topic area, going well beyond encyclopedic reviews of the existing research to objectively evaluate the literature. All contributors also present their visions of the future in their areas and outline work to guide researchers in future decades. While some chapters are careful updates from the first edition of this book, others are completely new rewrites given the evolution of new research. Nine other chapters are entirely new to this edition. In all, the book represents the collective wisdom of the leading thinkers and researchers in cultural and cross-cultural psychology. It is the only resource of its kind in the field and will serve as a valuable reference and guide for beginning researchers and scholars alike.
Joan G. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226501543
- eISBN:
- 9780226501710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226501710.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
This chapter provides a critical evaluation of work in the social psychological tradition of cultural psychology. An overview is first presented of the general theoretical assumptions and goals of ...
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This chapter provides a critical evaluation of work in the social psychological tradition of cultural psychology. An overview is first presented of the general theoretical assumptions and goals of cultural psychology, a methodologically heterogeneous and interdisciplinary research tradition that is distinguished by its assumptions that culture and self are mutually constitutive. To illustrate the goals of cultural social psychology, an overview is then provided of cross-cultural work that we have conducted that embodies sensitivity to context while challenging the universality of psychological theories of interpersonal morality and social support. Appraisal next centers on contemporary research in cultural social psychology that seeks to culturally broaden social psychological theory through its programs of quantitative and comparative cross-cultural research. It is argued that such work has achieved only mixed success in achieving its goals due to its limited attention to context and embrace of individual difference models of culture. The argument is made that to fully achieve the agenda of cultural social psychology future research in this tradition needs to go beyond essentializing taxonomic frameworks and work to gain more indepth understandings of the cultural meanings and practices of the cultural communities under consideration.Less
This chapter provides a critical evaluation of work in the social psychological tradition of cultural psychology. An overview is first presented of the general theoretical assumptions and goals of cultural psychology, a methodologically heterogeneous and interdisciplinary research tradition that is distinguished by its assumptions that culture and self are mutually constitutive. To illustrate the goals of cultural social psychology, an overview is then provided of cross-cultural work that we have conducted that embodies sensitivity to context while challenging the universality of psychological theories of interpersonal morality and social support. Appraisal next centers on contemporary research in cultural social psychology that seeks to culturally broaden social psychological theory through its programs of quantitative and comparative cross-cultural research. It is argued that such work has achieved only mixed success in achieving its goals due to its limited attention to context and embrace of individual difference models of culture. The argument is made that to fully achieve the agenda of cultural social psychology future research in this tradition needs to go beyond essentializing taxonomic frameworks and work to gain more indepth understandings of the cultural meanings and practices of the cultural communities under consideration.
Julia L. Cassaniti
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226501543
- eISBN:
- 9780226501710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226501710.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
There may not be basic emotional states uniformly experienced across time and space. Nevertheless, we can systematically make sense of a universal human capacity for feelings, and a potential to ...
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There may not be basic emotional states uniformly experienced across time and space. Nevertheless, we can systematically make sense of a universal human capacity for feelings, and a potential to recognize them in each other, through an interdisciplinary perspective on componential qualities of emotional experience. In this essay Julia Cassaniti draws out such a cultural psychology approach to the study of emotional universality, highlighting a Thai Buddhist theory of emotionality based on an interpretive scheme of cultural meanings tied to a local moral causal ontology, and showing how this scheme makes sense of emotionality not at the level of discrete emotions but through locally elaborated dimensions, or components. Using a case example of the affective response to a flooded house in Northern Thailand, she argues that such a perspective allows for the study of similarity without claiming cross-cultural uniformity of emotions as natural kinds.Less
There may not be basic emotional states uniformly experienced across time and space. Nevertheless, we can systematically make sense of a universal human capacity for feelings, and a potential to recognize them in each other, through an interdisciplinary perspective on componential qualities of emotional experience. In this essay Julia Cassaniti draws out such a cultural psychology approach to the study of emotional universality, highlighting a Thai Buddhist theory of emotionality based on an interpretive scheme of cultural meanings tied to a local moral causal ontology, and showing how this scheme makes sense of emotionality not at the level of discrete emotions but through locally elaborated dimensions, or components. Using a case example of the affective response to a flooded house in Northern Thailand, she argues that such a perspective allows for the study of similarity without claiming cross-cultural uniformity of emotions as natural kinds.
Olivia Newman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028790
- eISBN:
- 9780262327558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028790.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter surveys research in social, cognitive, moral, and developmental psychology that suggests character is not constituted by global character traits that inform behavior over a wide variety ...
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This chapter surveys research in social, cognitive, moral, and developmental psychology that suggests character is not constituted by global character traits that inform behavior over a wide variety of situations. Instead, traits are much more local and specific, and situations shape behavior at least as much as traits do. Human character appears to be situated and social, resulting in differentiation by sphere; domain-differentiation may be a fundamental feature of moral character. This is the psychology of public reason. As this chapter suggests, domain-differentiation challenges common views of the self as unified around a single set of goals, beliefs, attitudes, and aptitudes. A brief examination of cross-cultural psychology bolsters this view of the self as differentiated by domain.Less
This chapter surveys research in social, cognitive, moral, and developmental psychology that suggests character is not constituted by global character traits that inform behavior over a wide variety of situations. Instead, traits are much more local and specific, and situations shape behavior at least as much as traits do. Human character appears to be situated and social, resulting in differentiation by sphere; domain-differentiation may be a fundamental feature of moral character. This is the psychology of public reason. As this chapter suggests, domain-differentiation challenges common views of the self as unified around a single set of goals, beliefs, attitudes, and aptitudes. A brief examination of cross-cultural psychology bolsters this view of the self as differentiated by domain.
Beate Schwarz
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447300984
- eISBN:
- 9781447310921
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447300984.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
The chapter summarises research on intergenerational conflict with a focus on European studies. The results are integrated in the theoretical approaches of intergenerational solidarity and ...
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The chapter summarises research on intergenerational conflict with a focus on European studies. The results are integrated in the theoretical approaches of intergenerational solidarity and intergenerational ambivalence. The author discusses the meaning of intergenerational conflict against the background of individuals’ life-long striving for a balance between autonomy and relatedness. Therefore, the role of developmental tasks and transitions which are specific for adult children and their parents in different phases of adulthood are outlined.Less
The chapter summarises research on intergenerational conflict with a focus on European studies. The results are integrated in the theoretical approaches of intergenerational solidarity and intergenerational ambivalence. The author discusses the meaning of intergenerational conflict against the background of individuals’ life-long striving for a balance between autonomy and relatedness. Therefore, the role of developmental tasks and transitions which are specific for adult children and their parents in different phases of adulthood are outlined.
Jonathan Haidt and Paul Rozin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226501543
- eISBN:
- 9780226501710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226501710.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
This essay describes the ways that our thinking about morality changed in response to Richard Shweder’s writings about morality, and in particular his description of the “ethics of divinity.” It ...
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This essay describes the ways that our thinking about morality changed in response to Richard Shweder’s writings about morality, and in particular his description of the “ethics of divinity.” It first describes Shweder’s theory of the “three ethics” of moral discourse and explain why the theory was so important for moral psychology. It then shows how useful the ethics of divinity has been for understanding some puzzles about sexual morality, bioethical controversies, and the American culture war more generally, and closes with an endorsement of moral pluralism. It uses the story of Flatland, a short novel by the English mathematician Edwin Abbot, published in 1884, as an analogy to describe the move from psychology to cultural psychology that such a perspective enables.Less
This essay describes the ways that our thinking about morality changed in response to Richard Shweder’s writings about morality, and in particular his description of the “ethics of divinity.” It first describes Shweder’s theory of the “three ethics” of moral discourse and explain why the theory was so important for moral psychology. It then shows how useful the ethics of divinity has been for understanding some puzzles about sexual morality, bioethical controversies, and the American culture war more generally, and closes with an endorsement of moral pluralism. It uses the story of Flatland, a short novel by the English mathematician Edwin Abbot, published in 1884, as an analogy to describe the move from psychology to cultural psychology that such a perspective enables.
