Ernest Nicholson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263051
- eISBN:
- 9780191734090
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263051.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This introductory chapter discusses theological and religious studies at the founding of the British Academy. The first section focuses on the rise of critical methods in British theology during the ...
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This introductory chapter discusses theological and religious studies at the founding of the British Academy. The first section focuses on the rise of critical methods in British theology during the late nineteenth century. This is followed by an account of the founding of the British Academy and the changing agendas after 1902.Less
This introductory chapter discusses theological and religious studies at the founding of the British Academy. The first section focuses on the rise of critical methods in British theology during the late nineteenth century. This is followed by an account of the founding of the British Academy and the changing agendas after 1902.
R. J. Coggins
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192132543
- eISBN:
- 9780191670053
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192132543.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Study of the Old Testament has long been dominated by what is sometimes called the ‘historical-critical method’: careful analysis of individual books in order to discover their component sources, ...
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Study of the Old Testament has long been dominated by what is sometimes called the ‘historical-critical method’: careful analysis of individual books in order to discover their component sources, with great emphasis on historical context and concern, especially in the prophetic books, to isolate what was original and (it was therefore assumed) most important. In recent years people have asked whether this approach is the only proper one and whether there may not be alternative understandings, which are equally valid. This book attempts to outline some of those alternatives while retaining the values of the traditional methods. Nine separate chapters set out the importance of sociology and anthropology, of liberation and feminist perspectives, and of literary criticism, as well as the more traditional approaches.Less
Study of the Old Testament has long been dominated by what is sometimes called the ‘historical-critical method’: careful analysis of individual books in order to discover their component sources, with great emphasis on historical context and concern, especially in the prophetic books, to isolate what was original and (it was therefore assumed) most important. In recent years people have asked whether this approach is the only proper one and whether there may not be alternative understandings, which are equally valid. This book attempts to outline some of those alternatives while retaining the values of the traditional methods. Nine separate chapters set out the importance of sociology and anthropology, of liberation and feminist perspectives, and of literary criticism, as well as the more traditional approaches.
Shelly Matthews
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195393323
- eISBN:
- 9780199866618
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393323.003.0000
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter introduces the arguments of Boyarin, Lieu, and van Henten concerning martyrdom and identity construction among Jews and Christians, arguing that the death of Stephen should be considered ...
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This chapter introduces the arguments of Boyarin, Lieu, and van Henten concerning martyrdom and identity construction among Jews and Christians, arguing that the death of Stephen should be considered through this theoretical lens. As supporting argument for considering Stephen alongside second-century martyrologies, it situates Acts as an early second-century text. Appropriating Castelli’s arguments concerning martyrdom in Christian cultural memory, it argues that scholarly assertions concerning the historicity of Stephen’s death are more indebted to the force of cultural memory than to the historical-critical method. While concurring with Penner that verisimilitude, not “historical accuracy,” is the coin of ancient historiography, it then moves to suggest that this is not a reason to abandon the historiographic project but rather to frame historical narrative differently, in terms of rhetoric and ethic, as has been long argued in biblical studies by Schüssler Fiorenza.Less
This chapter introduces the arguments of Boyarin, Lieu, and van Henten concerning martyrdom and identity construction among Jews and Christians, arguing that the death of Stephen should be considered through this theoretical lens. As supporting argument for considering Stephen alongside second-century martyrologies, it situates Acts as an early second-century text. Appropriating Castelli’s arguments concerning martyrdom in Christian cultural memory, it argues that scholarly assertions concerning the historicity of Stephen’s death are more indebted to the force of cultural memory than to the historical-critical method. While concurring with Penner that verisimilitude, not “historical accuracy,” is the coin of ancient historiography, it then moves to suggest that this is not a reason to abandon the historiographic project but rather to frame historical narrative differently, in terms of rhetoric and ethic, as has been long argued in biblical studies by Schüssler Fiorenza.
J. Mark Elwood
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198529552
- eISBN:
- 9780191723865
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529552.003.21
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This introductory chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of the book, which is to present a system of critical appraisal to help with the evaluation of studies in the health and ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of the book, which is to present a system of critical appraisal to help with the evaluation of studies in the health and medical fields, and also with the carrying out of studies more effectively. The method emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of the book, which is to present a system of critical appraisal to help with the evaluation of studies in the health and medical fields, and also with the carrying out of studies more effectively. The method emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Marc Zvi Brettler, Peter Enns, and Daniel J. Harrington
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199863006
- eISBN:
- 9780199979967
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199863006.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This volume seeks to show how Jews, Catholics, and Protestants can and do read the Hebrew Bible/Tanakh/Old Testament simultaneously from a critical and religious perspective. It points out the ...
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This volume seeks to show how Jews, Catholics, and Protestants can and do read the Hebrew Bible/Tanakh/Old Testament simultaneously from a critical and religious perspective. It points out the similarities and differences in how biblical texts are read, interpreted, and applied in each tradition. In particular, it explores how biblical criticism, especially the historical-critical method, can provide a sound basis for a religious reading. While the authors were trained academically in biblical criticism and teach it in their classes, they continue to read the Bible as a meaningful religious document central to their lives. The heart of the book is three essays on reading the Bible critically and religiously from a Jewish (Brettler), Catholic (Harrington), and Protestant (Enns) perspective; each author also offers a response to each of his colleague’s essays. Also included are an introduction to the history of biblical interpretation, a brief conclusion, and a glossary of technical terms.Less
This volume seeks to show how Jews, Catholics, and Protestants can and do read the Hebrew Bible/Tanakh/Old Testament simultaneously from a critical and religious perspective. It points out the similarities and differences in how biblical texts are read, interpreted, and applied in each tradition. In particular, it explores how biblical criticism, especially the historical-critical method, can provide a sound basis for a religious reading. While the authors were trained academically in biblical criticism and teach it in their classes, they continue to read the Bible as a meaningful religious document central to their lives. The heart of the book is three essays on reading the Bible critically and religiously from a Jewish (Brettler), Catholic (Harrington), and Protestant (Enns) perspective; each author also offers a response to each of his colleague’s essays. Also included are an introduction to the history of biblical interpretation, a brief conclusion, and a glossary of technical terms.
John Ashton
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269793
- eISBN:
- 9780191683817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269793.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter explains the book's title and provides a defence of the aims and methods of what is generally known as historical criticism. It discusses that most biblical narratives and the gospels ...
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This chapter explains the book's title and provides a defence of the aims and methods of what is generally known as historical criticism. It discusses that most biblical narratives and the gospels build upon already existing traditions and sources that limit as well as stimulate the freedom of their authors. The chapter reflects that these limitations are seldom if ever acknowledged by narrative criticism. It argues that the best practitioners of the historical critical method, Bultmann, Dodd, and Hans Windich, showed a keen sense of the literary qualities of the Fourth Gospel. It proposes that the contributions of narrative criticism have been minor and are unlikely to survive that long.Less
This chapter explains the book's title and provides a defence of the aims and methods of what is generally known as historical criticism. It discusses that most biblical narratives and the gospels build upon already existing traditions and sources that limit as well as stimulate the freedom of their authors. The chapter reflects that these limitations are seldom if ever acknowledged by narrative criticism. It argues that the best practitioners of the historical critical method, Bultmann, Dodd, and Hans Windich, showed a keen sense of the literary qualities of the Fourth Gospel. It proposes that the contributions of narrative criticism have been minor and are unlikely to survive that long.
Vishwa Adluri and Joydeep Bagchee
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199931347
- eISBN:
- 9780199345724
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199931347.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
The examination of the critical method as applied in German Mahābhārata and Bhagavadgītā scholarship has shown that although German scholars claimed to take a scientific approach to the epic, their ...
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The examination of the critical method as applied in German Mahābhārata and Bhagavadgītā scholarship has shown that although German scholars claimed to take a scientific approach to the epic, their interpretations were at best tangential and at worst irrelevant to the text at hand. No German interpreter in a period extending one hundred years had succeeded in presenting a coherent, philosophically illuminating interpretation of the Mahābhārata. The histories they presented of the epic existed nowhere else outside their own minds. The problem in German interpretations of Indian texts is not simply one of the inevitable misinterpretations that beset every hermeneutic endeavor. Rather, the critical method itself entailed a number of problematic prejudices. This chapter seeks to understand the reasons why the Indologists themselves could not see these problems. It looks at the scientization of Protestant theology in the critical method; the secularization of Protestant theology in the study of the history of religions; and the institutionalization of Protestant theology in Indology. It examines how the historical-critical method participates in a tradition of projecting a universal history, most characteristic of Christianity; how the method makes use of a teleological narrative of history, where history moves from a state of immaturity (the Kantian Unmündigkeit) to an enlightened, free, and critical use of reason; and how this narrative was used to justify implantation of an alternative tradition of textual scholarship in place of the Indian commentarial tradition.Less
The examination of the critical method as applied in German Mahābhārata and Bhagavadgītā scholarship has shown that although German scholars claimed to take a scientific approach to the epic, their interpretations were at best tangential and at worst irrelevant to the text at hand. No German interpreter in a period extending one hundred years had succeeded in presenting a coherent, philosophically illuminating interpretation of the Mahābhārata. The histories they presented of the epic existed nowhere else outside their own minds. The problem in German interpretations of Indian texts is not simply one of the inevitable misinterpretations that beset every hermeneutic endeavor. Rather, the critical method itself entailed a number of problematic prejudices. This chapter seeks to understand the reasons why the Indologists themselves could not see these problems. It looks at the scientization of Protestant theology in the critical method; the secularization of Protestant theology in the study of the history of religions; and the institutionalization of Protestant theology in Indology. It examines how the historical-critical method participates in a tradition of projecting a universal history, most characteristic of Christianity; how the method makes use of a teleological narrative of history, where history moves from a state of immaturity (the Kantian Unmündigkeit) to an enlightened, free, and critical use of reason; and how this narrative was used to justify implantation of an alternative tradition of textual scholarship in place of the Indian commentarial tradition.
Philip J. M. Sturgess
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198119548
- eISBN:
- 9780191671173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198119548.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter shows how the concept of narrativity can be used as the guiding principle for a certain kind of critical method. Specifically, it shows how the concept becomes critically useful once it ...
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This chapter shows how the concept of narrativity can be used as the guiding principle for a certain kind of critical method. Specifically, it shows how the concept becomes critically useful once it is thought of as having a determining logic of its own, a logic sometimes related directly but far more often related deviously and deceptively to that logic discernible in the conduct of a novel's represented characters, and of the world they inhabit.Less
This chapter shows how the concept of narrativity can be used as the guiding principle for a certain kind of critical method. Specifically, it shows how the concept becomes critically useful once it is thought of as having a determining logic of its own, a logic sometimes related directly but far more often related deviously and deceptively to that logic discernible in the conduct of a novel's represented characters, and of the world they inhabit.
Andrew W. Neal
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474450928
- eISBN:
- 9781474465342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474450928.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
This chapter tackles a methodological problem posed by the premise of the book: if ‘security’ cannot be recognised by its ‘anti-political’ logic, then how can we know ‘security’ when we see it? The ...
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This chapter tackles a methodological problem posed by the premise of the book: if ‘security’ cannot be recognised by its ‘anti-political’ logic, then how can we know ‘security’ when we see it? The chapter sets out a methodology for identifying and analysing ‘security’ as a historical and contextual moving target, based on Michel Foucault’s notion of problematisation. This methodology is four things: first, empiricist - it analyses what people said and did when they articulated (security-related) problems and responded to them. Second, historical - it assumes that problematisations are specific to certain times and places and change over time. This negates any core logic or objective definition of ‘security’, leaving only historically specific problematisations of security. Third, reflexive - it reflects on the role of the critical analyst, who does not have an objective God’s eye view, but holds a particular position within history and a critical intent to challenge prevailing theoretical and political assumptions in the present. Fourth, the method of problematisation is a double move: it identifies and describes problematisations in context, and then amplifies and problematises them further for critical purposes. This makes the analyst an active player in the problematisation, not a disinterested observer.Less
This chapter tackles a methodological problem posed by the premise of the book: if ‘security’ cannot be recognised by its ‘anti-political’ logic, then how can we know ‘security’ when we see it? The chapter sets out a methodology for identifying and analysing ‘security’ as a historical and contextual moving target, based on Michel Foucault’s notion of problematisation. This methodology is four things: first, empiricist - it analyses what people said and did when they articulated (security-related) problems and responded to them. Second, historical - it assumes that problematisations are specific to certain times and places and change over time. This negates any core logic or objective definition of ‘security’, leaving only historically specific problematisations of security. Third, reflexive - it reflects on the role of the critical analyst, who does not have an objective God’s eye view, but holds a particular position within history and a critical intent to challenge prevailing theoretical and political assumptions in the present. Fourth, the method of problematisation is a double move: it identifies and describes problematisations in context, and then amplifies and problematises them further for critical purposes. This makes the analyst an active player in the problematisation, not a disinterested observer.
Marc Zvi Brettler, Peter Enns, and Daniel J. Harrington, S.J.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199863006
- eISBN:
- 9780199979967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199863006.003.0000
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The jointly authored introduction defines biblical criticism (or the historical-critical method) broadly as the process of establishing the original, contextual meaning of biblical texts and of ...
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The jointly authored introduction defines biblical criticism (or the historical-critical method) broadly as the process of establishing the original, contextual meaning of biblical texts and of assessing their historical accuracy. Next it traces the history of biblical criticism in both the Jewish (rabbis, Rashi) and Christian (Church Fathers, Luther) traditions. Then it describes the emergence of biblical criticism with Baruch Spinoza and its development especially in liberal German Protestant circles (Ernst Troeltsch, Julius Wellhausen).Less
The jointly authored introduction defines biblical criticism (or the historical-critical method) broadly as the process of establishing the original, contextual meaning of biblical texts and of assessing their historical accuracy. Next it traces the history of biblical criticism in both the Jewish (rabbis, Rashi) and Christian (Church Fathers, Luther) traditions. Then it describes the emergence of biblical criticism with Baruch Spinoza and its development especially in liberal German Protestant circles (Ernst Troeltsch, Julius Wellhausen).
Elisabeth Le Guin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520240179
- eISBN:
- 9780520930629
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520240179.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This study of the works of Luigi Boccherini uses knowledge gleaned from the author's own playing of the cello as the keystone of her approach to the relationship between music and embodiment. In ...
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This study of the works of Luigi Boccherini uses knowledge gleaned from the author's own playing of the cello as the keystone of her approach to the relationship between music and embodiment. In analyzing the striking qualities of Boccherini's music—its virtuosity, repetitiveness, obsessively nuanced dynamics, delicate sonorities, and rich palette of melancholy affects—the book develops an historicized critical method based on the embodied experience of the performer. In the process, it redefines the temperament of the musical Enlightenment as one characterized by urgent, volatile inquiries into the nature of the self.Less
This study of the works of Luigi Boccherini uses knowledge gleaned from the author's own playing of the cello as the keystone of her approach to the relationship between music and embodiment. In analyzing the striking qualities of Boccherini's music—its virtuosity, repetitiveness, obsessively nuanced dynamics, delicate sonorities, and rich palette of melancholy affects—the book develops an historicized critical method based on the embodied experience of the performer. In the process, it redefines the temperament of the musical Enlightenment as one characterized by urgent, volatile inquiries into the nature of the self.
Suzanne E. Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813044613
- eISBN:
- 9780813046389
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044613.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter provides an overview of the relevant demographic literature and introduces the people, setting, and methodology. In order to broaden our understanding of inequality, the chapter ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the relevant demographic literature and introduces the people, setting, and methodology. In order to broaden our understanding of inequality, the chapter emphasizes the need to bring together research from sociocultural and biological subfields of anthropology and focus on the reproductive and health experiences of nomadic groups like the Bekaa Bedouin.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the relevant demographic literature and introduces the people, setting, and methodology. In order to broaden our understanding of inequality, the chapter emphasizes the need to bring together research from sociocultural and biological subfields of anthropology and focus on the reproductive and health experiences of nomadic groups like the Bekaa Bedouin.
Frederick C. Beiser
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198722205
- eISBN:
- 9780191789052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722205.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Chapter 13 treats the early philosophical development of Wilhelm Windelband, focusing upon his movement towards a normative conception of philosophy and away from an early psychologism. Much ...
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Chapter 13 treats the early philosophical development of Wilhelm Windelband, focusing upon his movement towards a normative conception of philosophy and away from an early psychologism. Much attention is devoted to Windelband’s development of the concept of normativity and why he saw this as the decisive concept for the revival of philosophy. I argue against Klaus Christian Köhnke that Windelband’s conception of philosophy had little to do with the political developments of the 1870s.Less
Chapter 13 treats the early philosophical development of Wilhelm Windelband, focusing upon his movement towards a normative conception of philosophy and away from an early psychologism. Much attention is devoted to Windelband’s development of the concept of normativity and why he saw this as the decisive concept for the revival of philosophy. I argue against Klaus Christian Köhnke that Windelband’s conception of philosophy had little to do with the political developments of the 1870s.
Robert L. Wears and Kathleen M. Sutcliffe
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190271268
- eISBN:
- 9780190271299
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190271268.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Anesthesia became the only medical specialty to undertake systematic and dramatic improvements in safety over time. Evidence suggests that this process began through the fortuitous engagement of ...
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Anesthesia became the only medical specialty to undertake systematic and dramatic improvements in safety over time. Evidence suggests that this process began through the fortuitous engagement of engineers in anesthesia work, supported by respected leaders in the field. The goal was not simply to solve a problem. The aims were too deeply understand the nature of the technology, the work, and the complex interactions that take place in work as carried out. Oddly, healthcare more generally failed to emulate these efforts. This state of affairs may be attributed to the substantive influence of non-clinical safety scientists in anesthesia, and also to differences in widely accepted methodological and investigative research approaches.Less
Anesthesia became the only medical specialty to undertake systematic and dramatic improvements in safety over time. Evidence suggests that this process began through the fortuitous engagement of engineers in anesthesia work, supported by respected leaders in the field. The goal was not simply to solve a problem. The aims were too deeply understand the nature of the technology, the work, and the complex interactions that take place in work as carried out. Oddly, healthcare more generally failed to emulate these efforts. This state of affairs may be attributed to the substantive influence of non-clinical safety scientists in anesthesia, and also to differences in widely accepted methodological and investigative research approaches.
Miranda Wilcox and John D. Young
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- June 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199348138
- eISBN:
- 9780199376735
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199348138.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
The introduction outlines the paradoxes in LDS conceptions of the past by introducing the narrative construction of a boundary between apostasy and restoration, a binary categorization that has ...
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The introduction outlines the paradoxes in LDS conceptions of the past by introducing the narrative construction of a boundary between apostasy and restoration, a binary categorization that has defined Mormonism as set apart from other religious traditions. It introduces the collaborative project that generated this volume and summarizes the contributors’ assumptions about the narrative and ethical dimensions of historical representations and their method of dialectical and charitable conversation with the past.Less
The introduction outlines the paradoxes in LDS conceptions of the past by introducing the narrative construction of a boundary between apostasy and restoration, a binary categorization that has defined Mormonism as set apart from other religious traditions. It introduces the collaborative project that generated this volume and summarizes the contributors’ assumptions about the narrative and ethical dimensions of historical representations and their method of dialectical and charitable conversation with the past.
Laura Mauldin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780816697243
- eISBN:
- 9781452954325
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816697243.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
Provides an overview of the main points of the book, discusses the role of medicalization in raising a deaf child, the implications of making neuroscientific claims that are not based on ...
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Provides an overview of the main points of the book, discusses the role of medicalization in raising a deaf child, the implications of making neuroscientific claims that are not based on neurobiological limitations but instead on cultural assumptions, suggests policy adjustments and critical alliances moving forwardLess
Provides an overview of the main points of the book, discusses the role of medicalization in raising a deaf child, the implications of making neuroscientific claims that are not based on neurobiological limitations but instead on cultural assumptions, suggests policy adjustments and critical alliances moving forward
