Kent F. Schull
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780748641734
- eISBN:
- 9781474400886
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748641734.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Chapter One provides a brief overview of the early modern Ottoman legal system and its transformation during the long nineteenth century with special emphasis on the creation of a comprehensive ...
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Chapter One provides a brief overview of the early modern Ottoman legal system and its transformation during the long nineteenth century with special emphasis on the creation of a comprehensive criminal justice system including policing and surveillance, new courts, penal codes, and prisons. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the relationship between prisons and the transformation of Ottoman criminal justice, especially the links between the Imperial Ottoman Penal Code and incarceration. This transformation was fully rooted in past legal practices while also appropriating and adapting new legal policies from abroad. This process of transformation does not represent an Ottoman progressive march towards Westernisation and secularisation, but one that consciously reinterpreted its Islamic legal system and transformed it through the application of modern methods of governance, such as legal codification, administrative centralisation, the rationalisation and standardisation of legal practice, and the utilisation of incarceration as the primary form of punishment for criminal behaviour.Less
Chapter One provides a brief overview of the early modern Ottoman legal system and its transformation during the long nineteenth century with special emphasis on the creation of a comprehensive criminal justice system including policing and surveillance, new courts, penal codes, and prisons. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the relationship between prisons and the transformation of Ottoman criminal justice, especially the links between the Imperial Ottoman Penal Code and incarceration. This transformation was fully rooted in past legal practices while also appropriating and adapting new legal policies from abroad. This process of transformation does not represent an Ottoman progressive march towards Westernisation and secularisation, but one that consciously reinterpreted its Islamic legal system and transformed it through the application of modern methods of governance, such as legal codification, administrative centralisation, the rationalisation and standardisation of legal practice, and the utilisation of incarceration as the primary form of punishment for criminal behaviour.
Patrick Hayes
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199587957
- eISBN:
- 9780191723292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587957.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
In the context of a late twentieth‐century politics of race and gender—a politics often suspicious of the liberal ideal of equal dignity—what is the value of the realist novel? What kinds of moral ...
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In the context of a late twentieth‐century politics of race and gender—a politics often suspicious of the liberal ideal of equal dignity—what is the value of the realist novel? What kinds of moral and political thinking are bound up in the very form of this distinctively modern literary genre, and what claim should they have upon us today? This chapter shows that while Coetzee's Foe reflects on the origins of the form of the novel by way of its allusions to Defoe, its exploration of these more complex questions is indebted to Dostoevsky's seminal exploration of novelistic form in Crime and Punishment.Less
In the context of a late twentieth‐century politics of race and gender—a politics often suspicious of the liberal ideal of equal dignity—what is the value of the realist novel? What kinds of moral and political thinking are bound up in the very form of this distinctively modern literary genre, and what claim should they have upon us today? This chapter shows that while Coetzee's Foe reflects on the origins of the form of the novel by way of its allusions to Defoe, its exploration of these more complex questions is indebted to Dostoevsky's seminal exploration of novelistic form in Crime and Punishment.
J. A. SHARPE
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207108
- eISBN:
- 9780191677496
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207108.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses the end of public punishment in England during the civilizing process. The history of punishment is usually portrayed as a ...
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This chapter discusses the end of public punishment in England during the civilizing process. The history of punishment is usually portrayed as a simple record of progress away from the horrors of Newgate, the pillory, the convict ship, and above all the public execution. It suggests that England experienced the most remarkable shifts in the punishment of criminals during the mid-seventeenth century. This trend may be attributed to the demographic growth, which had been one of the basic facts of English social life for a century before the 1630s.Less
This chapter discusses the end of public punishment in England during the civilizing process. The history of punishment is usually portrayed as a simple record of progress away from the horrors of Newgate, the pillory, the convict ship, and above all the public execution. It suggests that England experienced the most remarkable shifts in the punishment of criminals during the mid-seventeenth century. This trend may be attributed to the demographic growth, which had been one of the basic facts of English social life for a century before the 1630s.
UPAMANYU PABLO MUKHERJEE
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199261055
- eISBN:
- 9780191717475
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261055.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter shows how the mutiny of 1857 produced a version of Indian criminality that further problematized the myth of the British rule of law. This may seem odd because the event is traditionally ...
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This chapter shows how the mutiny of 1857 produced a version of Indian criminality that further problematized the myth of the British rule of law. This may seem odd because the event is traditionally seen as a fertile source in the construction of a version of ‘criminal India’ where all the natives were represented as variations of the stereotypical thugs and rebels. However, once placed within the context of the shifts in ideas about crime and punishment emerging in Britain, the colonial ‘just retribution’ paradoxically threw up disturbing questions about the claims to a rule of law.Less
This chapter shows how the mutiny of 1857 produced a version of Indian criminality that further problematized the myth of the British rule of law. This may seem odd because the event is traditionally seen as a fertile source in the construction of a version of ‘criminal India’ where all the natives were represented as variations of the stereotypical thugs and rebels. However, once placed within the context of the shifts in ideas about crime and punishment emerging in Britain, the colonial ‘just retribution’ paradoxically threw up disturbing questions about the claims to a rule of law.
Ritchie Robertson
- Published in print:
- 1987
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198158141
- eISBN:
- 9780191673276
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198158141.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Der Prozeβ is the most familiar and the most controversial of Franz Kafka's novels. It is the one best known to the reading public, and its opening incident, the unexplained arrest ...
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Der Prozeβ is the most familiar and the most controversial of Franz Kafka's novels. It is the one best known to the reading public, and its opening incident, the unexplained arrest of Josef K., is fixed in many people's minds as the quintessence of the ‘Kafkaesque’. This chapter examines an older interpretation of Der Prozeβ, Ingeborg Henel's magisterial article of 1963. It contends that Der Prozeβ belongs to a genre of which the greatest exemplar is Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment, and which may be called the metaphysical (or religious) crime novel. If Crime and Punishment represents in part an accommodation of the Gothic novel to the norms of verisimilitude, Kafka undoes Dostoyevsky's work by reintroducing elements of Gothic fantasy at the expense of plausibility. Another tendency in the interpretation of Der Prozeβ has been to see it as a prophecy of totalitarian didatorships in general and of Nazism in particular. Kafka is similarly concerned with a character entangled in deception.Less
Der Prozeβ is the most familiar and the most controversial of Franz Kafka's novels. It is the one best known to the reading public, and its opening incident, the unexplained arrest of Josef K., is fixed in many people's minds as the quintessence of the ‘Kafkaesque’. This chapter examines an older interpretation of Der Prozeβ, Ingeborg Henel's magisterial article of 1963. It contends that Der Prozeβ belongs to a genre of which the greatest exemplar is Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment, and which may be called the metaphysical (or religious) crime novel. If Crime and Punishment represents in part an accommodation of the Gothic novel to the norms of verisimilitude, Kafka undoes Dostoyevsky's work by reintroducing elements of Gothic fantasy at the expense of plausibility. Another tendency in the interpretation of Der Prozeβ has been to see it as a prophecy of totalitarian didatorships in general and of Nazism in particular. Kafka is similarly concerned with a character entangled in deception.
Miguel de Beistegui
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226547374
- eISBN:
- 9780226547404
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226547404.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter turns to the birth of the homo sexualis, and of the discourse of sexuality, as the second pillar of liberalism investigated in the book. Its main (seemingly paradoxical) thesis is that ...
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This chapter turns to the birth of the homo sexualis, and of the discourse of sexuality, as the second pillar of liberalism investigated in the book. Its main (seemingly paradoxical) thesis is that the question of punishment as it arises in the liberal context also accounts for the emergence of a different discourse, that of forensic psychiatry and psychopathology which, very quickly, and as early as the 1840s, established itself as a science of sexuality. Faced with a number of criminal cases that resisted its rationality of crime and punishment, based on the notions of interest, utility, motive and efficiency, liberal governmentality found it necessary to supplement the rationality in question with another, based on the distinction between normal and abnormal (or pathological) individuals and instincts. Desire was thus inserted into a new rationality (that of psychopathology and the scientia sexualis), and a new family of concepts (that of natural, normal instincts or drives, and deviations or perversions).Less
This chapter turns to the birth of the homo sexualis, and of the discourse of sexuality, as the second pillar of liberalism investigated in the book. Its main (seemingly paradoxical) thesis is that the question of punishment as it arises in the liberal context also accounts for the emergence of a different discourse, that of forensic psychiatry and psychopathology which, very quickly, and as early as the 1840s, established itself as a science of sexuality. Faced with a number of criminal cases that resisted its rationality of crime and punishment, based on the notions of interest, utility, motive and efficiency, liberal governmentality found it necessary to supplement the rationality in question with another, based on the distinction between normal and abnormal (or pathological) individuals and instincts. Desire was thus inserted into a new rationality (that of psychopathology and the scientia sexualis), and a new family of concepts (that of natural, normal instincts or drives, and deviations or perversions).
Kent F. Schull
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780748641734
- eISBN:
- 9781474400886
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748641734.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Ottoman or ‘Turkish’ prisons regularly conjure images of Oriental brutality in Western imaginations. Contrary to this stereotypical image, Ottoman prisons were sights of immense reform and ...
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Ottoman or ‘Turkish’ prisons regularly conjure images of Oriental brutality in Western imaginations. Contrary to this stereotypical image, Ottoman prisons were sights of immense reform and contestation during the nineteenth century. In fact, prisons were key components for Ottoman nation-state construction and acted as ‘microcosms of modernity’ wherein many of the pressing questions of Ottoman modernity played out. These included administrative centralisation, the rationalisation of Islamic criminal law and punishment, issues of gender and childhood, prisoner rehabilitation, bureaucratic professionalization, identity, and social engineering. This work juxtaposes state mandated reform with the reality of prison life and investigates how these reforms affected the lives of local prison officials and inmates. These individuals actively conformed, contested, and manipulated new penal policies and practices for their own benefit. This work, therefore, heavily critiques Michele Foucault’s approach to punishment, state power, and society by demonstrating that penal institutions are not just instruments of social control and domination, but are complex social institutions that act as effective windows into broader cultural, ideological, and social issues during this volatile time in late Ottoman history. Key issues dealt with in this book include juvenile delinquents, female prisoners and gendered incarceration, corruption and prisoner abuse, and the transformation of Islamic criminal law.Less
Ottoman or ‘Turkish’ prisons regularly conjure images of Oriental brutality in Western imaginations. Contrary to this stereotypical image, Ottoman prisons were sights of immense reform and contestation during the nineteenth century. In fact, prisons were key components for Ottoman nation-state construction and acted as ‘microcosms of modernity’ wherein many of the pressing questions of Ottoman modernity played out. These included administrative centralisation, the rationalisation of Islamic criminal law and punishment, issues of gender and childhood, prisoner rehabilitation, bureaucratic professionalization, identity, and social engineering. This work juxtaposes state mandated reform with the reality of prison life and investigates how these reforms affected the lives of local prison officials and inmates. These individuals actively conformed, contested, and manipulated new penal policies and practices for their own benefit. This work, therefore, heavily critiques Michele Foucault’s approach to punishment, state power, and society by demonstrating that penal institutions are not just instruments of social control and domination, but are complex social institutions that act as effective windows into broader cultural, ideological, and social issues during this volatile time in late Ottoman history. Key issues dealt with in this book include juvenile delinquents, female prisoners and gendered incarceration, corruption and prisoner abuse, and the transformation of Islamic criminal law.
Louise McReynolds
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451454
- eISBN:
- 9780801465901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451454.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
This chapter examines fictional portrayals of murder as a means of understanding how Russian audiences adjusted to the postreform society. A murder with no mystery, Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and ...
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This chapter examines fictional portrayals of murder as a means of understanding how Russian audiences adjusted to the postreform society. A murder with no mystery, Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment (1866) established what would become identifiable as the generic conventions of crime fiction in Russia. Crime fiction takes up the ideological challenge of why individuals transgress the boundaries established by the society of which they are members. The emphasis on the why rather than the who, the greater interest in the motive rather than in an identity that must be uncovered, would characterize Russia's fictional forays beyond the law. By the turn of the twentieth century, because of the effects of the reforms and the government's push toward industrialization, crime fiction began changing perceptively, moving away from moral melodramas toward shorter stories that emphasized violence.Less
This chapter examines fictional portrayals of murder as a means of understanding how Russian audiences adjusted to the postreform society. A murder with no mystery, Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment (1866) established what would become identifiable as the generic conventions of crime fiction in Russia. Crime fiction takes up the ideological challenge of why individuals transgress the boundaries established by the society of which they are members. The emphasis on the why rather than the who, the greater interest in the motive rather than in an identity that must be uncovered, would characterize Russia's fictional forays beyond the law. By the turn of the twentieth century, because of the effects of the reforms and the government's push toward industrialization, crime fiction began changing perceptively, moving away from moral melodramas toward shorter stories that emphasized violence.
Douglas Kerr
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199674947
- eISBN:
- 9780191756986
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674947.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Conan Doyle is best known for his crime stories. This chapter shows that the police, judiciary, and penal systems were all subject to debate and reform in his lifetime. Criticism usually sees ...
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Conan Doyle is best known for his crime stories. This chapter shows that the police, judiciary, and penal systems were all subject to debate and reform in his lifetime. Criticism usually sees detective fiction as complicit with the disciplinary regimes of its time. This chapter however shows the Holmes stories to be remarkably uninterested in, and uninformative about, the policing and judicial process, focusing instead on the adventure of uncovering secrets and creating knowledge. But in his non-fictional work, and especially in his campaigns for the victims of official injustice like Edalji and Slater, Conan Doyle emerges later in his career as an alienated observer and radical critic of his society's institutions of law and order, and the interests they serve.Less
Conan Doyle is best known for his crime stories. This chapter shows that the police, judiciary, and penal systems were all subject to debate and reform in his lifetime. Criticism usually sees detective fiction as complicit with the disciplinary regimes of its time. This chapter however shows the Holmes stories to be remarkably uninterested in, and uninformative about, the policing and judicial process, focusing instead on the adventure of uncovering secrets and creating knowledge. But in his non-fictional work, and especially in his campaigns for the victims of official injustice like Edalji and Slater, Conan Doyle emerges later in his career as an alienated observer and radical critic of his society's institutions of law and order, and the interests they serve.
Doron Teichman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199861279
- eISBN:
- 9780190260071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199861279.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter presents an authoritative overview of the economics of crime control, with particular emphasis on Gary Becker's arguments as set forth in his seminal paper, Crime and Punishment: An ...
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This chapter presents an authoritative overview of the economics of crime control, with particular emphasis on Gary Becker's arguments as set forth in his seminal paper, Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. It begins with a description of Becker's principal conclusions and then explores some of the developments in the literature since the publication of his paper. Topics range from the economic model of criminal behavior to the optimal size of criminal sanctions the state should impose, the optimal type of sanctions it should imposed, and the economics of fines and incarceration. The chapter includes comments by some of the nation's top legal scholars from the field of criminal law, tackling relevant issues such as deterrence and the law, economics, and neuroethical realism of crime control.Less
This chapter presents an authoritative overview of the economics of crime control, with particular emphasis on Gary Becker's arguments as set forth in his seminal paper, Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. It begins with a description of Becker's principal conclusions and then explores some of the developments in the literature since the publication of his paper. Topics range from the economic model of criminal behavior to the optimal size of criminal sanctions the state should impose, the optimal type of sanctions it should imposed, and the economics of fines and incarceration. The chapter includes comments by some of the nation's top legal scholars from the field of criminal law, tackling relevant issues such as deterrence and the law, economics, and neuroethical realism of crime control.
JULIE COLEMAN
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199557103
- eISBN:
- 9780191719882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557103.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Lexicography
This chapter looks at Humphry Tristram Potter's New Dictionary of all the Cant and Flash Languages (1795), which has a dishonest bibliography and a dubious biography. More than 80 per cent of the ...
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This chapter looks at Humphry Tristram Potter's New Dictionary of all the Cant and Flash Languages (1795), which has a dishonest bibliography and a dubious biography. More than 80 per cent of the dictionary's word-list is derived from earlier slang dictionaries, some up to fifty years old. From these, Potter selected terms labelled as ‘cant’ and those dealing with crime and punishment. Terms listed in both The New Canting Dictionary and the second edition of Francis Grose's Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue also had a good chance of selection. Potter deleted citations, authorities, and etymologies found in his sources, resulting in a more concise dictionary. However, some of his efficiencies led to ambiguities that left a characteristic signature on all later dictionaries derived from his. Although some of his additions appear to be fabricated from the raw material found in his sources, Potter does have some new entries that seem to represent contemporary cant, or at least slang.Less
This chapter looks at Humphry Tristram Potter's New Dictionary of all the Cant and Flash Languages (1795), which has a dishonest bibliography and a dubious biography. More than 80 per cent of the dictionary's word-list is derived from earlier slang dictionaries, some up to fifty years old. From these, Potter selected terms labelled as ‘cant’ and those dealing with crime and punishment. Terms listed in both The New Canting Dictionary and the second edition of Francis Grose's Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue also had a good chance of selection. Potter deleted citations, authorities, and etymologies found in his sources, resulting in a more concise dictionary. However, some of his efficiencies led to ambiguities that left a characteristic signature on all later dictionaries derived from his. Although some of his additions appear to be fabricated from the raw material found in his sources, Potter does have some new entries that seem to represent contemporary cant, or at least slang.
Miguel de Beistegui
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226547374
- eISBN:
- 9780226547404
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226547404.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Once the object of government is identified as population, the question becomes one of knowing whether, beneath all the natural variables that define a population, there is something like an ...
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Once the object of government is identified as population, the question becomes one of knowing whether, beneath all the natural variables that define a population, there is something like an invariant, or a “mainspring of action” shared by the population as a whole. That, Foucault claims, is precisely desire. In the philosophical anthropology and moral psychology of the eighteenth century, desire is integrated as a key mechanism for the government of individuals, but only at the cost of being associated with new concepts, corresponding to a new conception of human nature, namely, self-interest and utility. The natural conclusion to draw from those observations is that, since human beings are naturally governed by interest, it would be unwise, if not altogether foolish (or simply ineffective) to govern them any differently than according to their own interest and relative selfishness, especially regarding private property and the acquisition of riches. Thus, a new conception and technology of government were born, which continue to operate today. Crucial, in that respect, is the role of the market, now seen as the place where the maximization and realization of interest and utility takes place, and the vehicle for the realization of one's desires.Less
Once the object of government is identified as population, the question becomes one of knowing whether, beneath all the natural variables that define a population, there is something like an invariant, or a “mainspring of action” shared by the population as a whole. That, Foucault claims, is precisely desire. In the philosophical anthropology and moral psychology of the eighteenth century, desire is integrated as a key mechanism for the government of individuals, but only at the cost of being associated with new concepts, corresponding to a new conception of human nature, namely, self-interest and utility. The natural conclusion to draw from those observations is that, since human beings are naturally governed by interest, it would be unwise, if not altogether foolish (or simply ineffective) to govern them any differently than according to their own interest and relative selfishness, especially regarding private property and the acquisition of riches. Thus, a new conception and technology of government were born, which continue to operate today. Crucial, in that respect, is the role of the market, now seen as the place where the maximization and realization of interest and utility takes place, and the vehicle for the realization of one's desires.
George Anastaplo
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125336
- eISBN:
- 9780813135243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125336.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter explores two of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's remarkable characters — Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov of Crime and Punishment and the Grand Inquisitor of The Brothers Karamazov — exhibit a ...
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This chapter explores two of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's remarkable characters — Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov of Crime and Punishment and the Grand Inquisitor of The Brothers Karamazov — exhibit a Machiavellian “understanding” of things. It notes that NiccolÒ Machiavelli can be regarded as critical to the development of modernity in political (and hence in constitutional) principles. It observes that each character can help us as well to see better not only the tormented soul of the author but also “the soul” of that modernity which has spawned the characters relied upon by the author. It opines that the New World, dramatized by the Protestant Reformation, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution, may be said to be grounded in fundamental reconsiderations of the proper relationship between the individual and the community.Less
This chapter explores two of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's remarkable characters — Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov of Crime and Punishment and the Grand Inquisitor of The Brothers Karamazov — exhibit a Machiavellian “understanding” of things. It notes that NiccolÒ Machiavelli can be regarded as critical to the development of modernity in political (and hence in constitutional) principles. It observes that each character can help us as well to see better not only the tormented soul of the author but also “the soul” of that modernity which has spawned the characters relied upon by the author. It opines that the New World, dramatized by the Protestant Reformation, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution, may be said to be grounded in fundamental reconsiderations of the proper relationship between the individual and the community.
Michael J. Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199532001
- eISBN:
- 9780191730900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532001.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History, British and Irish Modern History
Jones chose to train as a barrister as a career in which intellectual merit might rival aristocratic privilege, facilitating independence. This chapter illustrates work and leisure as he rode the ...
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Jones chose to train as a barrister as a career in which intellectual merit might rival aristocratic privilege, facilitating independence. This chapter illustrates work and leisure as he rode the Oxford and Carmarthen circuits Lessons learned in the principality prepared him for his role as an imperial administrator. In Carmarthen, Haverfordwest and Cardigan he championed the rights of a peasantry oppressed by the arbitrary power exercised by Anglicized landlords, rack-renting squirearchy, and English-speaking monoglot magistrates and judges His letters provide a vivid picture of crime, punishment, and widely divergent social conditions within the principality. In his leisure hours ‘clubbable’ Jones initiated the society of the ‘Druids of the Tivy’ for the off-duty barristers whose fêtes champêtre, by the picturesque Teifi, rang to the extempore Romantic lyrics of pencerdd (chief Bard) Jones. Details of the causes argued by the celebrity barrister are interspersed with the lyrics composed by the ‘druidical ‘poet.Less
Jones chose to train as a barrister as a career in which intellectual merit might rival aristocratic privilege, facilitating independence. This chapter illustrates work and leisure as he rode the Oxford and Carmarthen circuits Lessons learned in the principality prepared him for his role as an imperial administrator. In Carmarthen, Haverfordwest and Cardigan he championed the rights of a peasantry oppressed by the arbitrary power exercised by Anglicized landlords, rack-renting squirearchy, and English-speaking monoglot magistrates and judges His letters provide a vivid picture of crime, punishment, and widely divergent social conditions within the principality. In his leisure hours ‘clubbable’ Jones initiated the society of the ‘Druids of the Tivy’ for the off-duty barristers whose fêtes champêtre, by the picturesque Teifi, rang to the extempore Romantic lyrics of pencerdd (chief Bard) Jones. Details of the causes argued by the celebrity barrister are interspersed with the lyrics composed by the ‘druidical ‘poet.
Jeffrey Hart
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300087048
- eISBN:
- 9780300130522
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300087048.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This chapter first looks at the novel as the epic, noting differences between the two concepts such as: the novel fundamentally “shows” a story rather than “tells” it. Unlike the literature of the ...
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This chapter first looks at the novel as the epic, noting differences between the two concepts such as: the novel fundamentally “shows” a story rather than “tells” it. Unlike the literature of the past, the novel also is not dependent upon a well-known story such as those found in myth, legend, or the Bible. Although allusions to them surface, the main purpose and reality of the novel is what the five senses disclose about reality. This chapter looks at two novels that illustrate various aspects about the novel, and how these particular novels explore the concepts behind John Locke's theory of knowledge. It studies Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment as well as F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.Less
This chapter first looks at the novel as the epic, noting differences between the two concepts such as: the novel fundamentally “shows” a story rather than “tells” it. Unlike the literature of the past, the novel also is not dependent upon a well-known story such as those found in myth, legend, or the Bible. Although allusions to them surface, the main purpose and reality of the novel is what the five senses disclose about reality. This chapter looks at two novels that illustrate various aspects about the novel, and how these particular novels explore the concepts behind John Locke's theory of knowledge. It studies Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment as well as F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.
Craig A. Monson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226335339
- eISBN:
- 9780226335476
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226335476.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This book reconstructs the case of two reformed prostitute nuns (“convertite”) who fled their convent in Bologna, Italy, in 1644 and whose garroted corpses were discovered in a cellar fifteen months ...
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This book reconstructs the case of two reformed prostitute nuns (“convertite”) who fled their convent in Bologna, Italy, in 1644 and whose garroted corpses were discovered in a cellar fifteen months later. The investigation of the crime in Bologna and Rome, at Pope Innocent X’s behest, was intended to implicate his enemy, sometime Bolognese papal legate, Cardinal Antonio Barberini, who eventually fled to France. This detailed micro-history of crime and punishment in seventeenth-century Italy examines life strategies among marginal figures (prostitutes, nuns, maidservants, mercenary soldiers, bandits) and “new men” attempting to succeed at the papal court without benefit of exalted birth. It illuminates investigative strategies and papal justice, from extrajudicial evidence gathering, to apprehending perpetrators, to witness interrogations and confrontations, to uses of torture. It recreates the lives of the fugitive nuns against the realities of female poverty and prostitution in seventeenth-century Bologna and puts faces on the least reputable of convent women, who rarely appear in scholarship on female monasticism, though most Catholic cities had convents of convertite.Less
This book reconstructs the case of two reformed prostitute nuns (“convertite”) who fled their convent in Bologna, Italy, in 1644 and whose garroted corpses were discovered in a cellar fifteen months later. The investigation of the crime in Bologna and Rome, at Pope Innocent X’s behest, was intended to implicate his enemy, sometime Bolognese papal legate, Cardinal Antonio Barberini, who eventually fled to France. This detailed micro-history of crime and punishment in seventeenth-century Italy examines life strategies among marginal figures (prostitutes, nuns, maidservants, mercenary soldiers, bandits) and “new men” attempting to succeed at the papal court without benefit of exalted birth. It illuminates investigative strategies and papal justice, from extrajudicial evidence gathering, to apprehending perpetrators, to witness interrogations and confrontations, to uses of torture. It recreates the lives of the fugitive nuns against the realities of female poverty and prostitution in seventeenth-century Bologna and puts faces on the least reputable of convent women, who rarely appear in scholarship on female monasticism, though most Catholic cities had convents of convertite.
Jie Li
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824846817
- eISBN:
- 9780824868116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824846817.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter discusses Zhao Liang’s Crime and Punishment (2007) and Petition (2009) as penetrating observations of state-society relations in contemporary China. Together, they render visible those ...
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This chapter discusses Zhao Liang’s Crime and Punishment (2007) and Petition (2009) as penetrating observations of state-society relations in contemporary China. Together, they render visible those who are un(der)represented, critique the deception of mass media images, and show the various complex ways in which power is connected to surveillance and visibility. Thus the filmmaker, his camera, and the spectators are implicated in power relationships as we cast voyeuristic, panoptic, activist, empathetic, or critical gazes upon the representatives of state power and upon the disenfranchised.Less
This chapter discusses Zhao Liang’s Crime and Punishment (2007) and Petition (2009) as penetrating observations of state-society relations in contemporary China. Together, they render visible those who are un(der)represented, critique the deception of mass media images, and show the various complex ways in which power is connected to surveillance and visibility. Thus the filmmaker, his camera, and the spectators are implicated in power relationships as we cast voyeuristic, panoptic, activist, empathetic, or critical gazes upon the representatives of state power and upon the disenfranchised.
Peter J. Bailey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813167190
- eISBN:
- 9780813167862
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167190.003.0022
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
One of Allen’s most ringing assertions in his twenty-first-century interviews is that “magic is, really, I think, the only way out of the mess that we’re in. If we don’t get a magical solution, we’re ...
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One of Allen’s most ringing assertions in his twenty-first-century interviews is that “magic is, really, I think, the only way out of the mess that we’re in. If we don’t get a magical solution, we’re not going to get any kind of solution.” This chapter cites numerous magicians in Allen’s films to argue that he has no faith at all in the magic that human beings pretend to accomplish on stages or in séancelike settings, and that the two forms of magic he does affirm are romance (the giddily happy ending of Magic in the Moonlight) and luck. The chapter focuses on luck because it comes closest to a transcendent value—a form of intercessional magic—in his vision of things. So convinced is Allen of the efficacy of luck that he attributes positive audience reactions to his films to luck rather than to screenwriting or directorial or acting proficiency, which means that for him filmmaking is a thoroughgoing crapshoot. Chris Wilton in Match Point is lucky that the ring he hurls toward the Thames bounces off the balustrade and prevents his arrest for murder; Allen is fortunate that his movie about luck, Match Point, got lucky.Less
One of Allen’s most ringing assertions in his twenty-first-century interviews is that “magic is, really, I think, the only way out of the mess that we’re in. If we don’t get a magical solution, we’re not going to get any kind of solution.” This chapter cites numerous magicians in Allen’s films to argue that he has no faith at all in the magic that human beings pretend to accomplish on stages or in séancelike settings, and that the two forms of magic he does affirm are romance (the giddily happy ending of Magic in the Moonlight) and luck. The chapter focuses on luck because it comes closest to a transcendent value—a form of intercessional magic—in his vision of things. So convinced is Allen of the efficacy of luck that he attributes positive audience reactions to his films to luck rather than to screenwriting or directorial or acting proficiency, which means that for him filmmaking is a thoroughgoing crapshoot. Chris Wilton in Match Point is lucky that the ring he hurls toward the Thames bounces off the balustrade and prevents his arrest for murder; Allen is fortunate that his movie about luck, Match Point, got lucky.
Sophia Moskalenko and Clark McCauley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190689322
- eISBN:
- 9780190939526
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190689322.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Some contenders for the martyrs’ title wish to abuse the power of martyrdom against the West. These include terrorists, especially suicide bombers. Less dangerous, though no less misleading, are ...
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Some contenders for the martyrs’ title wish to abuse the power of martyrdom against the West. These include terrorists, especially suicide bombers. Less dangerous, though no less misleading, are claims that self-immolators and victims are martyrs. Continuing to explore the interaction between martyrs and their audiences, this and the following two chapters focus on these cases of mistaken identity. Both martyrs and terrorists act in response to perceived widespread suffering and injustice. Martyrs are willing to pay a personal price for their cause, whereas terrorists intend to extract this price from others. In a sort of a literary experiment, readers are offered a chance to learn more about their own responses to suffering and injustice in order to appreciate the differences between terrorists and martyrs.Less
Some contenders for the martyrs’ title wish to abuse the power of martyrdom against the West. These include terrorists, especially suicide bombers. Less dangerous, though no less misleading, are claims that self-immolators and victims are martyrs. Continuing to explore the interaction between martyrs and their audiences, this and the following two chapters focus on these cases of mistaken identity. Both martyrs and terrorists act in response to perceived widespread suffering and injustice. Martyrs are willing to pay a personal price for their cause, whereas terrorists intend to extract this price from others. In a sort of a literary experiment, readers are offered a chance to learn more about their own responses to suffering and injustice in order to appreciate the differences between terrorists and martyrs.
Andrew Nestingen
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231165594
- eISBN:
- 9780231850414
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231165594.003.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This introductory chapter provides a brief history of Aki Kaurismäki's career in film. Kaurismäki made his directorial debut in 1983 with an adaptation of Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment. He ...
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This introductory chapter provides a brief history of Aki Kaurismäki's career in film. Kaurismäki made his directorial debut in 1983 with an adaptation of Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment. He followed up at a prolific pace, writing, directing, editing, and producing four more shorts and six more features by the end of the 1980s. His third feature, Varjojaparatiisissa (Shadows in Paradise, 1986), was selected for the Directors' Fortnight at Cannes in the spring of 1987 as well as for the Toronto International Film Festival later in the year. Subsequent films were selected for prestigious festivals, and since 1992, all of Kaurismäki's features have screened at the Toronto, Berlin, or Cannes film festivals. Nominations and awards received for The Man Without a Past (2002) secured the director's status as a leading figure in contemporary auteur cinema.Less
This introductory chapter provides a brief history of Aki Kaurismäki's career in film. Kaurismäki made his directorial debut in 1983 with an adaptation of Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment. He followed up at a prolific pace, writing, directing, editing, and producing four more shorts and six more features by the end of the 1980s. His third feature, Varjojaparatiisissa (Shadows in Paradise, 1986), was selected for the Directors' Fortnight at Cannes in the spring of 1987 as well as for the Toronto International Film Festival later in the year. Subsequent films were selected for prestigious festivals, and since 1992, all of Kaurismäki's features have screened at the Toronto, Berlin, or Cannes film festivals. Nominations and awards received for The Man Without a Past (2002) secured the director's status as a leading figure in contemporary auteur cinema.
