Nikki Bado-Fralick
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166453
- eISBN:
- 9780199835799
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166450.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book offers an ethnographic study of the initiation ritual practiced by one coven of Witches located in Ohio. As a High Priestess within the coven as well as a scholar of religion, the author of ...
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This book offers an ethnographic study of the initiation ritual practiced by one coven of Witches located in Ohio. As a High Priestess within the coven as well as a scholar of religion, the author of this book is in a unique position to contribute to our understanding of this ceremony and the tradition to which it belongs. The book's analysis of this coven's initiation ceremony offers an important challenge to the commonly accepted model of “rites of passage.” Rather than a single linear event, initiation is deeply embedded within a total process of becoming a Witch in practice and in community with others. This book expands our concept of initiation while giving us insight into one coven's practice of Wicca and introduces readers to the contemporary nature religion variously called Wicca, Witchcraft, the Old Religion, or the Craft.Less
This book offers an ethnographic study of the initiation ritual practiced by one coven of Witches located in Ohio. As a High Priestess within the coven as well as a scholar of religion, the author of this book is in a unique position to contribute to our understanding of this ceremony and the tradition to which it belongs. The book's analysis of this coven's initiation ceremony offers an important challenge to the commonly accepted model of “rites of passage.” Rather than a single linear event, initiation is deeply embedded within a total process of becoming a Witch in practice and in community with others. This book expands our concept of initiation while giving us insight into one coven's practice of Wicca and introduces readers to the contemporary nature religion variously called Wicca, Witchcraft, the Old Religion, or the Craft.
Nikki Bado-Fralick
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166453
- eISBN:
- 9780199835799
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166450.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This short epilogue talks about the changes that have come to the Merry Circle. The Merry Circle no longer exists as a single practicing group, because some of its members either have already ...
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This short epilogue talks about the changes that have come to the Merry Circle. The Merry Circle no longer exists as a single practicing group, because some of its members either have already relocated or will relocate so far from one another geographically. This chapter talks about the last meeting between the four High Priestesses, and how it gave the author the strength to complete this book.Less
This short epilogue talks about the changes that have come to the Merry Circle. The Merry Circle no longer exists as a single practicing group, because some of its members either have already relocated or will relocate so far from one another geographically. This chapter talks about the last meeting between the four High Priestesses, and how it gave the author the strength to complete this book.
Maristella Botticini and Zvi Eckstein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144870
- eISBN:
- 9781400842483
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144870.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
In 70 CE, the Jews were an agrarian and illiterate people living mostly in the Land of Israel and Mesopotamia. By 1492, the Jewish people had become a small group of literate urbanites specializing ...
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In 70 CE, the Jews were an agrarian and illiterate people living mostly in the Land of Israel and Mesopotamia. By 1492, the Jewish people had become a small group of literate urbanites specializing in crafts, trade, moneylending, and medicine in hundreds of places across the Old World, from Seville to Mangalore. What caused this radical change? This book presents a new answer to this question by applying the lens of economic analysis to the key facts of fifteen formative centuries of Jewish history. The book offers a powerful new explanation of one of the most significant transformations in Jewish history while also providing fresh insights into the growing debate about the social and economic impact of religion.Less
In 70 CE, the Jews were an agrarian and illiterate people living mostly in the Land of Israel and Mesopotamia. By 1492, the Jewish people had become a small group of literate urbanites specializing in crafts, trade, moneylending, and medicine in hundreds of places across the Old World, from Seville to Mangalore. What caused this radical change? This book presents a new answer to this question by applying the lens of economic analysis to the key facts of fifteen formative centuries of Jewish history. The book offers a powerful new explanation of one of the most significant transformations in Jewish history while also providing fresh insights into the growing debate about the social and economic impact of religion.
Robert Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199262014
- eISBN:
- 9780191601033
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199262012.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter argues that the classical approach to the study of international relations is a craft discipline. It discusses topics such as erroneous conceptions of norms in social science, the ...
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This chapter argues that the classical approach to the study of international relations is a craft discipline. It discusses topics such as erroneous conceptions of norms in social science, the tension between academic detachment and political engagement, the dialogical modality of international ethics, the ethics of practitioners, and the difference between practice and theory. It presents the stages of research involved in carrying out a classical normative inquiry into world politics.Less
This chapter argues that the classical approach to the study of international relations is a craft discipline. It discusses topics such as erroneous conceptions of norms in social science, the tension between academic detachment and political engagement, the dialogical modality of international ethics, the ethics of practitioners, and the difference between practice and theory. It presents the stages of research involved in carrying out a classical normative inquiry into world politics.
Clive Griffin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199280735
- eISBN:
- 9780191712920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280735.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The members of the network of foreign printing-workers had much in common, constantly finding themselves in each other’s company in taverns, on the road, and in the presses. They were itinerant, ...
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The members of the network of foreign printing-workers had much in common, constantly finding themselves in each other’s company in taverns, on the road, and in the presses. They were itinerant, violent (many had served as soldiers), misogynist, enterprising, self-reliant men who evinced pride in their craft and forged a closed community, talking, joking, and drinking together as well as engaging collectively in forbidden activities such as eating meat during Lent or mocking the orthodox Spaniards who surrounded them. News of employment opportunities, of danger from the Inquisition, etc., circulated fast on the network. But this collective identity and solidarity proved dangerous when one member was forced under torture to confess all he knew about his work-mates.Less
The members of the network of foreign printing-workers had much in common, constantly finding themselves in each other’s company in taverns, on the road, and in the presses. They were itinerant, violent (many had served as soldiers), misogynist, enterprising, self-reliant men who evinced pride in their craft and forged a closed community, talking, joking, and drinking together as well as engaging collectively in forbidden activities such as eating meat during Lent or mocking the orthodox Spaniards who surrounded them. News of employment opportunities, of danger from the Inquisition, etc., circulated fast on the network. But this collective identity and solidarity proved dangerous when one member was forced under torture to confess all he knew about his work-mates.
Deborah Chester
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992880
- eISBN:
- 9781526104199
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992880.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
There’s more to writing a successful fantasy story than building a unique world or inventing a new type of magic. From the writing of strong, action-packed scenes to the creation of dynamic, ...
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There’s more to writing a successful fantasy story than building a unique world or inventing a new type of magic. From the writing of strong, action-packed scenes to the creation of dynamic, multi-dimensional characters, fantasy author Deborah Chester guides novices and intermediate writers through a step-by-step process of story construction. Whether offering tips on how to test a plot premise or survive what she calls the dark dismal middle, Chester shares the techniques she uses in writing her own novels. Examples drawn from both traditional and urban fantasy illustrate her nuts-and-bolts approach to elemental story design. With an introduction by Jim Butcher, who studied writing in Chester’s classes at the University of Oklahoma, The fantasy fiction formula delivers a practical, proven approach to writing fantasy like a pro.Less
There’s more to writing a successful fantasy story than building a unique world or inventing a new type of magic. From the writing of strong, action-packed scenes to the creation of dynamic, multi-dimensional characters, fantasy author Deborah Chester guides novices and intermediate writers through a step-by-step process of story construction. Whether offering tips on how to test a plot premise or survive what she calls the dark dismal middle, Chester shares the techniques she uses in writing her own novels. Examples drawn from both traditional and urban fantasy illustrate her nuts-and-bolts approach to elemental story design. With an introduction by Jim Butcher, who studied writing in Chester’s classes at the University of Oklahoma, The fantasy fiction formula delivers a practical, proven approach to writing fantasy like a pro.
Kay Richardson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195374056
- eISBN:
- 9780199776177
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374056.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This is the first of two chapters that situate television dramatic dialogue in a wider social context by looking at how it (a) comes into being and (b) is received and used by audiences. This chapter ...
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This is the first of two chapters that situate television dramatic dialogue in a wider social context by looking at how it (a) comes into being and (b) is received and used by audiences. This chapter focuses on the role of the screenwriter in the creation process, paying attention to the sociocultural conditions in which screenwriting takes place, and the craft knowledge that this gives rise to. Some comparisons are drawn between the terms that sociolinguists use to refer to certain kinds of interactive phenomena and the terms that are used within the industry.Less
This is the first of two chapters that situate television dramatic dialogue in a wider social context by looking at how it (a) comes into being and (b) is received and used by audiences. This chapter focuses on the role of the screenwriter in the creation process, paying attention to the sociocultural conditions in which screenwriting takes place, and the craft knowledge that this gives rise to. Some comparisons are drawn between the terms that sociolinguists use to refer to certain kinds of interactive phenomena and the terms that are used within the industry.
Maristella Botticini and Zvi Eckstein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144870
- eISBN:
- 9781400842483
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144870.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter assesses the argument that both their exclusion from craft and merchant guilds and usury bans on Christians segregated European Jews into moneylending during the Middle Ages. Already ...
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This chapter assesses the argument that both their exclusion from craft and merchant guilds and usury bans on Christians segregated European Jews into moneylending during the Middle Ages. Already during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, moneylending was the occupation par excellence of the Jews in England, France, and Germany and one of the main professions of the Jews in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and other locations in western Europe. Based on the historical information and the economic theory presented in earlier chapters, the chapter advances an alternative explanation that is consistent with the salient features that mark the history of the Jews: the Jews in medieval Europe voluntarily entered and later specialized in moneylending because they had the key assets for being successful players in credit markets—capital, networking, literacy and numeracy, and contract-enforcement institutions.Less
This chapter assesses the argument that both their exclusion from craft and merchant guilds and usury bans on Christians segregated European Jews into moneylending during the Middle Ages. Already during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, moneylending was the occupation par excellence of the Jews in England, France, and Germany and one of the main professions of the Jews in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and other locations in western Europe. Based on the historical information and the economic theory presented in earlier chapters, the chapter advances an alternative explanation that is consistent with the salient features that mark the history of the Jews: the Jews in medieval Europe voluntarily entered and later specialized in moneylending because they had the key assets for being successful players in credit markets—capital, networking, literacy and numeracy, and contract-enforcement institutions.
Deborah Chester
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992880
- eISBN:
- 9781526104199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992880.003.0021
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
For every writer that’s an overnight success inspired by a dream and becomes a mega-hit on Kindle, there are numerous writers who follow the slower but sure path of mastering the writing craft, ...
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For every writer that’s an overnight success inspired by a dream and becomes a mega-hit on Kindle, there are numerous writers who follow the slower but sure path of mastering the writing craft, planning and outlining their stories carefully, thinking through their plot and characters, and writing the very best stories they can. Such writers enjoy longevity in the business and continue to do what they love. They know how to rely on technique and sound story principles rather than a fickle muse, and they understand the value of persistence as they make their own luck.Less
For every writer that’s an overnight success inspired by a dream and becomes a mega-hit on Kindle, there are numerous writers who follow the slower but sure path of mastering the writing craft, planning and outlining their stories carefully, thinking through their plot and characters, and writing the very best stories they can. Such writers enjoy longevity in the business and continue to do what they love. They know how to rely on technique and sound story principles rather than a fickle muse, and they understand the value of persistence as they make their own luck.
Robin Cormack
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265413
- eISBN:
- 9780191760464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265413.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
The landscape of Khartoum was changed when in 1906 a British Arts and Craft architect was commissioned to build the Anglican Cathedral of All Souls — partly as a memorial to General Gordon. The ...
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The landscape of Khartoum was changed when in 1906 a British Arts and Craft architect was commissioned to build the Anglican Cathedral of All Souls — partly as a memorial to General Gordon. The design was exhibited in 1909, and described as ‘A very curious piece of architecture, the style of which we presume is suggested by local associations’. The finished church, it is argued, was the masterpiece of the architect Robert Weir Schultz, an evocative blend of his earlier studies of Byzantine architecture in Greece, and medieval buildings in England and Cairo, and an impressive response to local conditions and materials in Sudan. The building has survived to today, but as the Museum of Sudanese History. Its fine furniture has been moved out, but can be tracked down. The original ensemble can be re-assessed as an evocation of an early Christian environment in a developing country.Less
The landscape of Khartoum was changed when in 1906 a British Arts and Craft architect was commissioned to build the Anglican Cathedral of All Souls — partly as a memorial to General Gordon. The design was exhibited in 1909, and described as ‘A very curious piece of architecture, the style of which we presume is suggested by local associations’. The finished church, it is argued, was the masterpiece of the architect Robert Weir Schultz, an evocative blend of his earlier studies of Byzantine architecture in Greece, and medieval buildings in England and Cairo, and an impressive response to local conditions and materials in Sudan. The building has survived to today, but as the Museum of Sudanese History. Its fine furniture has been moved out, but can be tracked down. The original ensemble can be re-assessed as an evocation of an early Christian environment in a developing country.
Simon Goldhill
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265413
- eISBN:
- 9780191760464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265413.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter investigates the city-planning of Jerusalem under the British Mandate in light of changes of thinking about the urban in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In particular, ...
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This chapter investigates the city-planning of Jerusalem under the British Mandate in light of changes of thinking about the urban in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In particular, it explores how Charles Ashbee, the first civic adviser, could enact his Garden City and Arts and Crafts principles, developed twenty-five years earlier, because of the specific conditions of imperial governance. The privileging of the medieval city, in contrast to the contemporary — a principle deeply indebted to artistic ideals of a previous generation — deeply influenced decisions of what to restore, destroy, or preserve. The chapter discusses how religion, empire, and urban planning interlock in a key site of cultural conflict.Less
This chapter investigates the city-planning of Jerusalem under the British Mandate in light of changes of thinking about the urban in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In particular, it explores how Charles Ashbee, the first civic adviser, could enact his Garden City and Arts and Crafts principles, developed twenty-five years earlier, because of the specific conditions of imperial governance. The privileging of the medieval city, in contrast to the contemporary — a principle deeply indebted to artistic ideals of a previous generation — deeply influenced decisions of what to restore, destroy, or preserve. The chapter discusses how religion, empire, and urban planning interlock in a key site of cultural conflict.
William D. Wilkinson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033341
- eISBN:
- 9780813039022
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033341.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This book provides detailed history and technical design information on every type of small rescue craft ever used by the United States Life-Saving Service and United States Coast Guard, from the ...
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This book provides detailed history and technical design information on every type of small rescue craft ever used by the United States Life-Saving Service and United States Coast Guard, from the early 1800s to the current day. By looking at these vessels, many of which featured innovative designs, the chapters shed light on the brave men and women who served in USLSS and USCG stations, saving innumerable lives. In the book rare photographs and drawings of each type of boat are enhanced by detailed design histories, specifications, and station assignments for each craft. The book includes motorized, wind-powered, and human-powered vessels.Less
This book provides detailed history and technical design information on every type of small rescue craft ever used by the United States Life-Saving Service and United States Coast Guard, from the early 1800s to the current day. By looking at these vessels, many of which featured innovative designs, the chapters shed light on the brave men and women who served in USLSS and USCG stations, saving innumerable lives. In the book rare photographs and drawings of each type of boat are enhanced by detailed design histories, specifications, and station assignments for each craft. The book includes motorized, wind-powered, and human-powered vessels.
David Manning
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195182392
- eISBN:
- 9780199851485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182392.003.0021
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
The formula in choral singing is strongly is emphasized in the village choral festivals, wherein each choir singing by itself sounds feeble and tentative, but when combined in one big choir suddenly ...
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The formula in choral singing is strongly is emphasized in the village choral festivals, wherein each choir singing by itself sounds feeble and tentative, but when combined in one big choir suddenly finds its powers increased tenfold. This chapter describes the early Leith Hill Festivals in the opening passages of Charles Wood's “Full Fathom Five,” where the rather poor efforts of six shy singers by themselves were converted into a sonorous confident crowd. Choral singing is a great art, but to become so it has to imbibe some of the qualities of a great game, and it is those very characteristics that go to make a good footballer or a good cricketer. So it is with a good choral singer. These qualities, it is true, refer more to the craftsman than to the artist, but if craft without art is dead, art without craft is impotent.Less
The formula in choral singing is strongly is emphasized in the village choral festivals, wherein each choir singing by itself sounds feeble and tentative, but when combined in one big choir suddenly finds its powers increased tenfold. This chapter describes the early Leith Hill Festivals in the opening passages of Charles Wood's “Full Fathom Five,” where the rather poor efforts of six shy singers by themselves were converted into a sonorous confident crowd. Choral singing is a great art, but to become so it has to imbibe some of the qualities of a great game, and it is those very characteristics that go to make a good footballer or a good cricketer. So it is with a good choral singer. These qualities, it is true, refer more to the craftsman than to the artist, but if craft without art is dead, art without craft is impotent.
Yuriko Saito
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199278350
- eISBN:
- 9780191707001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278350.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
This chapter analyzes a familiar aesthetic experience in our everyday life: appreciation of the distinctive characteristics of objects, environments, and temporal contexts. It ranges from the ...
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This chapter analyzes a familiar aesthetic experience in our everyday life: appreciation of the distinctive characteristics of objects, environments, and temporal contexts. It ranges from the quintessential attributes of a natural object, the ambience created by harmoniously-united diverse elements, sense of place, and seasonableness, illustrated by a number of examples from 18th century British aesthetics, Japanese culture, including literature, gardening, the tea ceremony, food, and packaging, and the Arts and Crafts movement. This aesthetic sensibility nurtures a moral sensibility by promoting an open-minded and respectful attitude toward what the objects offer, an attitude underlying today's ecological design premised upon designing with nature. At the same time, certain limits to this kind of aesthetic sensibility also need to be observed for moral, social, and political reasons in order to avoid aestheticization of suffering and misery, as well as guarding against denying minority taste in favor of preserving a sense of place.Less
This chapter analyzes a familiar aesthetic experience in our everyday life: appreciation of the distinctive characteristics of objects, environments, and temporal contexts. It ranges from the quintessential attributes of a natural object, the ambience created by harmoniously-united diverse elements, sense of place, and seasonableness, illustrated by a number of examples from 18th century British aesthetics, Japanese culture, including literature, gardening, the tea ceremony, food, and packaging, and the Arts and Crafts movement. This aesthetic sensibility nurtures a moral sensibility by promoting an open-minded and respectful attitude toward what the objects offer, an attitude underlying today's ecological design premised upon designing with nature. At the same time, certain limits to this kind of aesthetic sensibility also need to be observed for moral, social, and political reasons in order to avoid aestheticization of suffering and misery, as well as guarding against denying minority taste in favor of preserving a sense of place.
SHEILAGH OGILVIE
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198205548
- eISBN:
- 9780191719219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205548.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter investigates the economic position of widows in the pre-industrial German society under analysis in this book. Patterns of widows' work are distilled from a database of work observations ...
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This chapter investigates the economic position of widows in the pre-industrial German society under analysis in this book. Patterns of widows' work are distilled from a database of work observations extracted from church-court records and are compared with those of other females (and males). These findings are then set alongside information on widows' livelihoods from an 18th-century economic census. Data on widowed female household-headship are used to identify the variables encouraging widows' economic independence. Qualitative findings are then used to explore competing hypotheses about the biological, technological, cultural and institutional determinants of widows' economic position. The chapter discusses the institutional factors constraining widows' economic activities, in particular the ‘social capital’ of craft guilds, merchant guilds, and local communities. The chapter concludes by exploring the implications for the wider developing economy of these constraints on widows' work.Less
This chapter investigates the economic position of widows in the pre-industrial German society under analysis in this book. Patterns of widows' work are distilled from a database of work observations extracted from church-court records and are compared with those of other females (and males). These findings are then set alongside information on widows' livelihoods from an 18th-century economic census. Data on widowed female household-headship are used to identify the variables encouraging widows' economic independence. Qualitative findings are then used to explore competing hypotheses about the biological, technological, cultural and institutional determinants of widows' economic position. The chapter discusses the institutional factors constraining widows' economic activities, in particular the ‘social capital’ of craft guilds, merchant guilds, and local communities. The chapter concludes by exploring the implications for the wider developing economy of these constraints on widows' work.
SHEILAGH OGILVIE
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198205548
- eISBN:
- 9780191719219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205548.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter directs attention to a widely neglected but important group of pre-industrial women — the independent unmarried. Such women became very numerous in the pre-industrial German society ...
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This chapter directs attention to a widely neglected but important group of pre-industrial women — the independent unmarried. Such women became very numerous in the pre-industrial German society under analysis in this book because lifetime celibacy rose to over twenty percent by the later 18th-century. A database of work observations extracted from church-court records is used to analyse the work of independent unmarried women and compare it with that of other females (and males). These findings are then compared with these women's livelihoods in an 18th-century economic census, and multivariate analysis is used to identify the factors encouraging economic independence by unmarried females. Alternative theories of the technological, cultural, and institutional determinants of economic activity by unmarried females are then explored using qualitative data. The chapter analyses the factors constraining independent unmarried women's economic position, which included the ‘social capital’ of local communities, craft guilds, and merchant guilds.Less
This chapter directs attention to a widely neglected but important group of pre-industrial women — the independent unmarried. Such women became very numerous in the pre-industrial German society under analysis in this book because lifetime celibacy rose to over twenty percent by the later 18th-century. A database of work observations extracted from church-court records is used to analyse the work of independent unmarried women and compare it with that of other females (and males). These findings are then compared with these women's livelihoods in an 18th-century economic census, and multivariate analysis is used to identify the factors encouraging economic independence by unmarried females. Alternative theories of the technological, cultural, and institutional determinants of economic activity by unmarried females are then explored using qualitative data. The chapter analyses the factors constraining independent unmarried women's economic position, which included the ‘social capital’ of local communities, craft guilds, and merchant guilds.
E. A. Wrigley
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263037
- eISBN:
- 9780191734007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263037.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This lecture discusses a quest for the Industrial Revolution. It determines that the key feature of this revolution consisted less in an acceleration in growth than in the absence of any ...
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This lecture discusses a quest for the Industrial Revolution. It determines that the key feature of this revolution consisted less in an acceleration in growth than in the absence of any deceleration. The lecture further considers certain implications that may be termed the crafts revision and the prominence of agriculture.Less
This lecture discusses a quest for the Industrial Revolution. It determines that the key feature of this revolution consisted less in an acceleration in growth than in the absence of any deceleration. The lecture further considers certain implications that may be termed the crafts revision and the prominence of agriculture.
Aaron Allen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474442381
- eISBN:
- 9781474453943
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442381.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
Masons, carpenters and glaziers were all needed to build a house, but in many cities such trades had separate companies. In Edinburgh, however, they banded together in a single incorporation to seek ...
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Masons, carpenters and glaziers were all needed to build a house, but in many cities such trades had separate companies. In Edinburgh, however, they banded together in a single incorporation to seek control of the labour market and defend their privileged position. Such issues were often contested by unfree competitors, municipal regulators and powerful customers. Therefore unity was needed to defend their position and privileges, but with ten unequal arts vying for control of the composite corporate body, how was such unity to be secured? The Edinburgh Incorporation of Mary’s Chapel looked to the models of the family and the household.Less
Masons, carpenters and glaziers were all needed to build a house, but in many cities such trades had separate companies. In Edinburgh, however, they banded together in a single incorporation to seek control of the labour market and defend their privileged position. Such issues were often contested by unfree competitors, municipal regulators and powerful customers. Therefore unity was needed to defend their position and privileges, but with ten unequal arts vying for control of the composite corporate body, how was such unity to be secured? The Edinburgh Incorporation of Mary’s Chapel looked to the models of the family and the household.
Nikki Bado-Fralick
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166453
- eISBN:
- 9780199835799
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166450.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter presents the author's thoughts about Wicca and philosophy. The chapter talks about the author's initiation into the Craft, the insider/outsider dichotomy, and her study of religion and ...
More
This chapter presents the author's thoughts about Wicca and philosophy. The chapter talks about the author's initiation into the Craft, the insider/outsider dichotomy, and her study of religion and philosophy. The author believes that philosophy is not exactly a particular thing, a discrete disciplinary subject in a course of study at the university. Rather, philosophy is itself a doing, a practice, a temperament, an engaging of oneself with the world, a way of living in the world, a way of asking questions, a deep curiosity about the ways we are and why.Less
This chapter presents the author's thoughts about Wicca and philosophy. The chapter talks about the author's initiation into the Craft, the insider/outsider dichotomy, and her study of religion and philosophy. The author believes that philosophy is not exactly a particular thing, a discrete disciplinary subject in a course of study at the university. Rather, philosophy is itself a doing, a practice, a temperament, an engaging of oneself with the world, a way of living in the world, a way of asking questions, a deep curiosity about the ways we are and why.
Nikki Bado-Fralick
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166453
- eISBN:
- 9780199835799
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166450.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter begins with the author's account of her introduction to the Craft. It then discusses deities, the coming of the “Jahweh-in-Drag”, coven structure and organization, ritual, text and ...
More
This chapter begins with the author's account of her introduction to the Craft. It then discusses deities, the coming of the “Jahweh-in-Drag”, coven structure and organization, ritual, text and authority.Less
This chapter begins with the author's account of her introduction to the Craft. It then discusses deities, the coming of the “Jahweh-in-Drag”, coven structure and organization, ritual, text and authority.
