Jan-Erik Lane, David McKay, and Kenneth Newton
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198280538
- eISBN:
- 9780191601934
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019828053X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
This book presents comprehensive political, social and economic statistics on the 24 OECD countries. The book is divided into two main sections. The first section features comparative tables covering ...
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This book presents comprehensive political, social and economic statistics on the 24 OECD countries. The book is divided into two main sections. The first section features comparative tables covering all countries. It contains data on population structure, employment, economy, industry, public expenditure and taxation, government structure, and electoral data. The second section covers the most significant features of government and politics. It provides information on state structure and offices, parties, government constitutions, electoral and voting systems, and basic materials about economic interest, organisations and the media.Less
This book presents comprehensive political, social and economic statistics on the 24 OECD countries. The book is divided into two main sections. The first section features comparative tables covering all countries. It contains data on population structure, employment, economy, industry, public expenditure and taxation, government structure, and electoral data. The second section covers the most significant features of government and politics. It provides information on state structure and offices, parties, government constitutions, electoral and voting systems, and basic materials about economic interest, organisations and the media.
Louise Fawcett and Yezid Sayigh (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295518
- eISBN:
- 9780191599217
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295510.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The book analyses the changes that have occurred in developing countries since the end of the Cold War. The first section highlights major areas of change in economics, politics, and security and ...
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The book analyses the changes that have occurred in developing countries since the end of the Cold War. The first section highlights major areas of change in economics, politics, and security and institutions, while the second section develops these themes and reveals the diversity of experience through regional case studies (Latin America, Asia Pacific, Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East).Less
The book analyses the changes that have occurred in developing countries since the end of the Cold War. The first section highlights major areas of change in economics, politics, and security and institutions, while the second section develops these themes and reveals the diversity of experience through regional case studies (Latin America, Asia Pacific, Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East).
Jan‐Erik Lane, David McKay, and Kenneth Newton
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198280538
- eISBN:
- 9780191601934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019828053X.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
This introductory chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of this book. It then presents an overview of statistics on OECD countries. The rationale behind the authors’ decisions on ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of this book. It then presents an overview of statistics on OECD countries. The rationale behind the authors’ decisions on what variables and statistics to include is explained.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of this book. It then presents an overview of statistics on OECD countries. The rationale behind the authors’ decisions on what variables and statistics to include is explained.
Steven A. Bank
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326192
- eISBN:
- 9780199775811
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326192.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
The U.S. corporate income tax — and in particular the double taxation of corporate income — has long been one of the most criticized and stubbornly persistent aspects of the federal revenue system. ...
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The U.S. corporate income tax — and in particular the double taxation of corporate income — has long been one of the most criticized and stubbornly persistent aspects of the federal revenue system. Unlike in most other industrialized countries, corporate income is taxed twice, first at the entity level and again at the shareholder level when distributed as a dividend. The conventional wisdom has been that this double taxation was part of the system's original design over a century ago and has survived despite withering opposition from business interests. In both cases, history tells another tale. Double taxation as it is known today did not appear until several decades after the corporate income tax was first adopted. Moreover, it was embraced by corporate representatives at the outset and in subsequent years businesses have been far more ambivalent about its existence than is popularly assumed. From Sword to Shield: The Transformation of the Corporate Income Tax, 1861 to Present is the first historical account of the evolution of the corporate income tax in America. It explains the origins of corporate income tax and the political, economic, and social forces that transformed it from a sword against evasion of the individual income tax to a shield against government and shareholder interference with the management of corporate funds.Less
The U.S. corporate income tax — and in particular the double taxation of corporate income — has long been one of the most criticized and stubbornly persistent aspects of the federal revenue system. Unlike in most other industrialized countries, corporate income is taxed twice, first at the entity level and again at the shareholder level when distributed as a dividend. The conventional wisdom has been that this double taxation was part of the system's original design over a century ago and has survived despite withering opposition from business interests. In both cases, history tells another tale. Double taxation as it is known today did not appear until several decades after the corporate income tax was first adopted. Moreover, it was embraced by corporate representatives at the outset and in subsequent years businesses have been far more ambivalent about its existence than is popularly assumed. From Sword to Shield: The Transformation of the Corporate Income Tax, 1861 to Present is the first historical account of the evolution of the corporate income tax in America. It explains the origins of corporate income tax and the political, economic, and social forces that transformed it from a sword against evasion of the individual income tax to a shield against government and shareholder interference with the management of corporate funds.
Lance Taylor (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195145465
- eISBN:
- 9780199783960
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195145465.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
Reports on the effects of the fundamental economic policy shift in transition and developing countries after the mid‐1980s. Since that time, the “external liberalization” of international trade and ...
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Reports on the effects of the fundamental economic policy shift in transition and developing countries after the mid‐1980s. Since that time, the “external liberalization” of international trade and finance has been among the principal forces for increasing global integration. This wave of deregulation was the central feature of globalization for the non‐industrialized world. The chapters in this book look at the experiences of nine countries – Argentina, Columbia, Cuba, India, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, Turkey, and Zimbabwe – and the often‐negative effects that liberalization has had on them. At best, the liberalization packages generated modest improvements in economic growth and distributional equity; at worst, they have been associated with increasing income inequality and slower growth, even in the presence of rising capital inflows. The country studies suggest that the effects of liberalization on growth, employment, and income distribution emerge from a complex set of forces on both the supply and demand sides of the economy. Redistribution of income and production across industries (typically from those producing traded goods to those producing nontraded goods) and groups within the labor force (typically from unskilled to skilled), as well as adverse shifts in “macro” prices such as real wage, interest, and exchange rates are part of the process. This degree of complexity and most of the unfavorable effects of deregulation were not anticipated, and are only now being widely recognized. The implication is that the liberalization strategy needs to be rethought. The contributors include policy recommendations for often‐overlooked problems and challenges posed by globalization.Less
Reports on the effects of the fundamental economic policy shift in transition and developing countries after the mid‐1980s. Since that time, the “external liberalization” of international trade and finance has been among the principal forces for increasing global integration. This wave of deregulation was the central feature of globalization for the non‐industrialized world. The chapters in this book look at the experiences of nine countries – Argentina, Columbia, Cuba, India, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, Turkey, and Zimbabwe – and the often‐negative effects that liberalization has had on them. At best, the liberalization packages generated modest improvements in economic growth and distributional equity; at worst, they have been associated with increasing income inequality and slower growth, even in the presence of rising capital inflows. The country studies suggest that the effects of liberalization on growth, employment, and income distribution emerge from a complex set of forces on both the supply and demand sides of the economy. Redistribution of income and production across industries (typically from those producing traded goods to those producing nontraded goods) and groups within the labor force (typically from unskilled to skilled), as well as adverse shifts in “macro” prices such as real wage, interest, and exchange rates are part of the process. This degree of complexity and most of the unfavorable effects of deregulation were not anticipated, and are only now being widely recognized. The implication is that the liberalization strategy needs to be rethought. The contributors include policy recommendations for often‐overlooked problems and challenges posed by globalization.
Keith Banting, Richard Johnston, Will Kymlicka, and Stuart Soroka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199289172
- eISBN:
- 9780191711084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289172.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter introduces a new framework for testing the recognition/redistribution hypothesis. It develops an index of twenty-three different types of MCPs that have been adopted for three different ...
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This chapter introduces a new framework for testing the recognition/redistribution hypothesis. It develops an index of twenty-three different types of MCPs that have been adopted for three different types of minority groups (immigrants, national minorities, and indigenous peoples). Western countries are then categorized in terms of their level of MCPs. Whether countries with higher levels of MCPs have faced an erosion of the welfare state as compared to countries with lower levels of MCPs is tested. It is shown that there is no negative correlation between the strength of a country's commitment to MCPs and its ability to sustain welfare spending or economic redistribution. The chapter also examines the heterogeneity/redistribution hypothesis, and shows that this too is overstated. In general, the size of immigrant groups, national minorities, and indigenous peoples in Western countries does not affect a country's ability to sustain its welfare commitments, although a rapid change in the size of immigrant groups does seem to have an effect. Yet even here, the authors of this chapter argue, there are hints that adopting MCPs can help to mitigate whatever negative effect a rapidly increasing immigrant population may have.Less
This chapter introduces a new framework for testing the recognition/redistribution hypothesis. It develops an index of twenty-three different types of MCPs that have been adopted for three different types of minority groups (immigrants, national minorities, and indigenous peoples). Western countries are then categorized in terms of their level of MCPs. Whether countries with higher levels of MCPs have faced an erosion of the welfare state as compared to countries with lower levels of MCPs is tested. It is shown that there is no negative correlation between the strength of a country's commitment to MCPs and its ability to sustain welfare spending or economic redistribution. The chapter also examines the heterogeneity/redistribution hypothesis, and shows that this too is overstated. In general, the size of immigrant groups, national minorities, and indigenous peoples in Western countries does not affect a country's ability to sustain its welfare commitments, although a rapid change in the size of immigrant groups does seem to have an effect. Yet even here, the authors of this chapter argue, there are hints that adopting MCPs can help to mitigate whatever negative effect a rapidly increasing immigrant population may have.
Patrick Polden
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199258819
- eISBN:
- 9780191718151
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258819.003.0016
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter shows that by the late 19th century changes in structures of the law would seem more notable for what had been preserved than for what had been replaced or transformed. The superior ...
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This chapter shows that by the late 19th century changes in structures of the law would seem more notable for what had been preserved than for what had been replaced or transformed. The superior courts of law had deserted Westminster Hall for a splendid edifice in the Strand; two of the three historic courts of common law — the Common Pleas and Exchequer — had passed into history, while the King's Bench, had been relegated to the status of a mere division in a new entity, a ‘Supreme Court of Judicature’ (SCJ). Below the level of the SCJ the changes were, at least on the civil side, more drastic, though criminal justice continued to be dispensed chiefly by the lay justices of the peace, either in quarter or petty sessions; stipendiary magistrates, already known in 1814, were to be found only in a few places outside London. Country courts were something new, products of mid-century legislation and named after the ancient county courts in order to provide a spurious pedigree.Less
This chapter shows that by the late 19th century changes in structures of the law would seem more notable for what had been preserved than for what had been replaced or transformed. The superior courts of law had deserted Westminster Hall for a splendid edifice in the Strand; two of the three historic courts of common law — the Common Pleas and Exchequer — had passed into history, while the King's Bench, had been relegated to the status of a mere division in a new entity, a ‘Supreme Court of Judicature’ (SCJ). Below the level of the SCJ the changes were, at least on the civil side, more drastic, though criminal justice continued to be dispensed chiefly by the lay justices of the peace, either in quarter or petty sessions; stipendiary magistrates, already known in 1814, were to be found only in a few places outside London. Country courts were something new, products of mid-century legislation and named after the ancient county courts in order to provide a spurious pedigree.
Richard W. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199581986
- eISBN:
- 9780191723247
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581986.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
The claim that people in developed countries have vast, unmet obligations to help people in developing countries is usually based on duties of kindness or a global extrapolation of justice among ...
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The claim that people in developed countries have vast, unmet obligations to help people in developing countries is usually based on duties of kindness or a global extrapolation of justice among compatriots. This book constructs a different basis, the need for responsible engagement in transnational interactions in which power is currently abused. After arguing for an undemanding principle of beneficence and deriving duties of justice among compatriots from their special relations, the book develops standards of responsible conduct in current global interactions that determine: what must be done to avoid exploitation in transnational manufacturing, what framework for world trade and investment would be fair, what response to the challenge of global warming is adequate and equitable, what responsibilities to help meet basic needs arise when foreign powers steer the course of development, and what obligations are created by uses of violence to sustain global power. Through detailed empirical inquiries, the book argues that there has been a massive failure to live up to these standards, creating demanding duties to avoid undue advantage and repair abuses of power, on the part of developed countries in general and especially the United States. The book describes policies that would meet these obligations, leading obstacles, and the role of social movements in reducing injustice, especially a global form of social democracy expressing the book's perspectiveLess
The claim that people in developed countries have vast, unmet obligations to help people in developing countries is usually based on duties of kindness or a global extrapolation of justice among compatriots. This book constructs a different basis, the need for responsible engagement in transnational interactions in which power is currently abused. After arguing for an undemanding principle of beneficence and deriving duties of justice among compatriots from their special relations, the book develops standards of responsible conduct in current global interactions that determine: what must be done to avoid exploitation in transnational manufacturing, what framework for world trade and investment would be fair, what response to the challenge of global warming is adequate and equitable, what responsibilities to help meet basic needs arise when foreign powers steer the course of development, and what obligations are created by uses of violence to sustain global power. Through detailed empirical inquiries, the book argues that there has been a massive failure to live up to these standards, creating demanding duties to avoid undue advantage and repair abuses of power, on the part of developed countries in general and especially the United States. The book describes policies that would meet these obligations, leading obstacles, and the role of social movements in reducing injustice, especially a global form of social democracy expressing the book's perspective
Ulrich Sedelmeier
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297574
- eISBN:
- 9780191598982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297572.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter examines the EU’s policy towards Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). It argues that the EU’s collective identity includes the notion of a ‘special responsibility’ towards ...
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This chapter examines the EU’s policy towards Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). It argues that the EU’s collective identity includes the notion of a ‘special responsibility’ towards CEECs. It involves purely self-interested behaviour by policymakers acting on behalf of the EU, and prescribes a degree of accommodation for CEECs’ preferences in EU policy. This component of collective identity limits the range of available policy options by precluding certain options as inappropriate, and reinforcing the legitimacy of others.Less
This chapter examines the EU’s policy towards Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). It argues that the EU’s collective identity includes the notion of a ‘special responsibility’ towards CEECs. It involves purely self-interested behaviour by policymakers acting on behalf of the EU, and prescribes a degree of accommodation for CEECs’ preferences in EU policy. This component of collective identity limits the range of available policy options by precluding certain options as inappropriate, and reinforcing the legitimacy of others.
Olivier Blanchard
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293996
- eISBN:
- 9780191595998
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293992.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Transition in Central and Eastern Europe has led to a U‐shaped response of output, that is, a sharp decline in output followed by recovery. Six years after the beginning of transition, most of the ...
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Transition in Central and Eastern Europe has led to a U‐shaped response of output, that is, a sharp decline in output followed by recovery. Six years after the beginning of transition, most of the countries of Central Europe now seem firmly on the upside. Most of the countries of Eastern Europe are still close to the bottom of the U; an optimistic view is that they are now negotiating the turn.This U‐shaped response of output, its causes and its implications, is the subject of this book. That transition came with an often‐large initial decrease in output should be seen as a puzzle. After all, the previous economic system was characterized by myriad distortions. One might have expected that removing most of them would lead to a large increase, not decrease in output. This is not what happened. The purpose of this book is to understand why, and to draw general lessons.Less
Transition in Central and Eastern Europe has led to a U‐shaped response of output, that is, a sharp decline in output followed by recovery. Six years after the beginning of transition, most of the countries of Central Europe now seem firmly on the upside. Most of the countries of Eastern Europe are still close to the bottom of the U; an optimistic view is that they are now negotiating the turn.
This U‐shaped response of output, its causes and its implications, is the subject of this book. That transition came with an often‐large initial decrease in output should be seen as a puzzle. After all, the previous economic system was characterized by myriad distortions. One might have expected that removing most of them would lead to a large increase, not decrease in output. This is not what happened. The purpose of this book is to understand why, and to draw general lessons.
Mathias Dewatripont, André Sapir, and Khalid Sekkat (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198293606
- eISBN:
- 9780191601262
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293607.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
This book explores the impact of trade with less developed countries (LDCs) on employment in Europe. It supports the view that trade with LDCs has had limited impact on the labour market. Among its ...
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This book explores the impact of trade with less developed countries (LDCs) on employment in Europe. It supports the view that trade with LDCs has had limited impact on the labour market. Among its main findings are that trade with LDCs would be less harmful for Europe than for the USA, that the inequality problem in Europe is not wage inequality but the widespread unemployment of unskilled workers, and that technology has contributed to unemployment. The book has nine chapters. The first seven examine the impact of LDC trade on the European labour market; the final two address the social clause problem.Less
This book explores the impact of trade with less developed countries (LDCs) on employment in Europe. It supports the view that trade with LDCs has had limited impact on the labour market. Among its main findings are that trade with LDCs would be less harmful for Europe than for the USA, that the inequality problem in Europe is not wage inequality but the widespread unemployment of unskilled workers, and that technology has contributed to unemployment. The book has nine chapters. The first seven examine the impact of LDC trade on the European labour market; the final two address the social clause problem.
Frédéric Docquier and Hillel Rapoport
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199654826
- eISBN:
- 9780191742095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654826.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Financial Economics
The chapter briefly describes the rate of growth of international migration, arguing that the most rapidly growing segment is the migration of skilled workers from developing to industrialized ...
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The chapter briefly describes the rate of growth of international migration, arguing that the most rapidly growing segment is the migration of skilled workers from developing to industrialized countries. It also clarifies the purpose of this section of the book, which is to examine the causes of the brain drain at the international level, and its consequences for the sending countries.Less
The chapter briefly describes the rate of growth of international migration, arguing that the most rapidly growing segment is the migration of skilled workers from developing to industrialized countries. It also clarifies the purpose of this section of the book, which is to examine the causes of the brain drain at the international level, and its consequences for the sending countries.
Frédéric Docquier and Hillel Rapoport
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199654826
- eISBN:
- 9780191742095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654826.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Financial Economics
This chapter summarizes the main finding of the book, that is the fact that the impact of highly skilled emigration on sending countries need not be detrimental. The chapter argues that the optimal ...
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This chapter summarizes the main finding of the book, that is the fact that the impact of highly skilled emigration on sending countries need not be detrimental. The chapter argues that the optimal skilled emigration rate is certainly positive. However, the optimal brain drain rate is likely to be extremely heterogeneous across countries, depending on their size, economic and institutional development, and on whether the brain drain is concentrated in certain sectors that are essential to TFP growth and human capital formation.Less
This chapter summarizes the main finding of the book, that is the fact that the impact of highly skilled emigration on sending countries need not be detrimental. The chapter argues that the optimal skilled emigration rate is certainly positive. However, the optimal brain drain rate is likely to be extremely heterogeneous across countries, depending on their size, economic and institutional development, and on whether the brain drain is concentrated in certain sectors that are essential to TFP growth and human capital formation.
Alfred Greiner and Willi Semmler
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195328233
- eISBN:
- 9780199869985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328233.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This introductory chapter focuses on the impact of the globalization of economic activities on global growth, resources, and environment. It cites the increased demand for natural resources, ...
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This introductory chapter focuses on the impact of the globalization of economic activities on global growth, resources, and environment. It cites the increased demand for natural resources, especially by developing countries. It also considers the effects of environmental pollution. An overview of the three parts of the book is presented.Less
This introductory chapter focuses on the impact of the globalization of economic activities on global growth, resources, and environment. It cites the increased demand for natural resources, especially by developing countries. It also considers the effects of environmental pollution. An overview of the three parts of the book is presented.
Magdi Amin, Ragui Assaad, Nazar al-Baharna, Kemal Dervis, Raj M. Desai, Navtej S. Dhillon, Ahmed Galal, Hafez Ghanem, Carol Graham, and Daniel Kaufmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199924929
- eISBN:
- 9780199949427
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The Arab Spring constitutes perhaps the most far-reaching political and economic transition since the end of communism in Europe. For too long, the economic aspirations of the people in the region, ...
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The Arab Spring constitutes perhaps the most far-reaching political and economic transition since the end of communism in Europe. For too long, the economic aspirations of the people in the region, especially young people, have been ignored by leaders in Arab countries and abroad. Competing views as to how best to meet these aspirations are now being debated in the region. The outcome will shape Arab societies for generations to come. This book argues that significant economic reforms must accompany the major political transitions that are underway. Although each country has a different economic structure and history and must make its own way forward, there are spill-overs from trade and investment linkages, the contagion of news cycles, interaction of people and sharing of expectations that are too great to ignore. Some common foundation of the new Arab economies is needed. Towards that end, this volume addresses four central challenges of economic reform in the Arab world. First, with two-thirds of the population under the age of thirty, the disproportionate burdens of unemployment and poor education can no longer be heaped on youth. Second, while some government policies may have improved the living standards of Arab citizens in the past, they have also entrenched cronies, enriched a small elite, and become unaffordable. Third, if Arab economies are to compete in the 21st century they cannot depend solely on oil and gas money, remittances, and tourism, but will require active, independent private sectors. And finally, the relative isolation of Arab economies—both from each other and from the world—must end. Rather than providing specific lists of recommendations, this book sets forth a set of guidelines and priorities for reformers who will begin creating new opportunities for youth, rebuilding the institutions of the state, diversifying the private sector, and cooperating with each other and integrating with the world economy.Less
The Arab Spring constitutes perhaps the most far-reaching political and economic transition since the end of communism in Europe. For too long, the economic aspirations of the people in the region, especially young people, have been ignored by leaders in Arab countries and abroad. Competing views as to how best to meet these aspirations are now being debated in the region. The outcome will shape Arab societies for generations to come. This book argues that significant economic reforms must accompany the major political transitions that are underway. Although each country has a different economic structure and history and must make its own way forward, there are spill-overs from trade and investment linkages, the contagion of news cycles, interaction of people and sharing of expectations that are too great to ignore. Some common foundation of the new Arab economies is needed. Towards that end, this volume addresses four central challenges of economic reform in the Arab world. First, with two-thirds of the population under the age of thirty, the disproportionate burdens of unemployment and poor education can no longer be heaped on youth. Second, while some government policies may have improved the living standards of Arab citizens in the past, they have also entrenched cronies, enriched a small elite, and become unaffordable. Third, if Arab economies are to compete in the 21st century they cannot depend solely on oil and gas money, remittances, and tourism, but will require active, independent private sectors. And finally, the relative isolation of Arab economies—both from each other and from the world—must end. Rather than providing specific lists of recommendations, this book sets forth a set of guidelines and priorities for reformers who will begin creating new opportunities for youth, rebuilding the institutions of the state, diversifying the private sector, and cooperating with each other and integrating with the world economy.
Serkan Arslanalp and Peter Blair Henry
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195168006
- eISBN:
- 9780199783458
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195168003.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter discusses the central economic question of debt relief: does debt relief work to promote economic growth? This seemingly straightforward question — often taken for granted by debt ...
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This chapter discusses the central economic question of debt relief: does debt relief work to promote economic growth? This seemingly straightforward question — often taken for granted by debt campaigners — merits closer attention to ensure that relief bears constructive and sustainable outcomes. It is argued that debt relief is highly effective at promoting growth in countries suffering from a “debt overhang”, where reducing debt levels will stimulate investment and net resource transfers from abroad, but less effective in countries where infrastructure is weak and where net resource transfers are already positive.Less
This chapter discusses the central economic question of debt relief: does debt relief work to promote economic growth? This seemingly straightforward question — often taken for granted by debt campaigners — merits closer attention to ensure that relief bears constructive and sustainable outcomes. It is argued that debt relief is highly effective at promoting growth in countries suffering from a “debt overhang”, where reducing debt levels will stimulate investment and net resource transfers from abroad, but less effective in countries where infrastructure is weak and where net resource transfers are already positive.
Joseph E. Stiglitz, José Antonio Ocampo, Shari Spiegel, Ricardo Ffrench-Davis, and Deepak Nayyar
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199288144
- eISBN:
- 9780191603884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199288143.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines some of the other outstanding debates on capital market liberalization (CML). In particular, it focuses on when a country is sufficiently developed to risk capital market ...
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This chapter examines some of the other outstanding debates on capital market liberalization (CML). In particular, it focuses on when a country is sufficiently developed to risk capital market liberalization, whether all countries should make liberalization their long-term goal, and whether capital market liberalization is reversible; even if it was a mistake in the first place, should countries that have already liberalized now stick with it? For example, proponents of liberalization often argue that the issue is not whether countries should liberalize their capital markets, but rather that liberalization should occur within the ‘proper’ sequence of reforms. Critics, however, argue that CML should not necessarily be the long run goal of all countries and that there are better ways for developing countries to integrate into the global economy. The chapter also contains a section that examines the appropriateness of different techniques of capital market liberalization for countries in various stages of development.Less
This chapter examines some of the other outstanding debates on capital market liberalization (CML). In particular, it focuses on when a country is sufficiently developed to risk capital market liberalization, whether all countries should make liberalization their long-term goal, and whether capital market liberalization is reversible; even if it was a mistake in the first place, should countries that have already liberalized now stick with it? For example, proponents of liberalization often argue that the issue is not whether countries should liberalize their capital markets, but rather that liberalization should occur within the ‘proper’ sequence of reforms. Critics, however, argue that CML should not necessarily be the long run goal of all countries and that there are better ways for developing countries to integrate into the global economy. The chapter also contains a section that examines the appropriateness of different techniques of capital market liberalization for countries in various stages of development.
Joshua Castellino and David Keane
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199574827
- eISBN:
- 9780191594441
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574827.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The book examines the extent to which States in the Pacific region have put in place legislative and administrative measures designed to promote and protect the rights of minorities and indigenous ...
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The book examines the extent to which States in the Pacific region have put in place legislative and administrative measures designed to promote and protect the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples within their State. The book starts by identifying and classifying the various States in the region, and commenting on general trends that are visible across the region. This analysis includes Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Island Countries in the geographic boundaries of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. The region is assessed against human rights standards, and the extent to which State practice conforms to international standards. There are five chapters in the book. The opening chapter conducts a tour d'horizon of the Pacific, identifying the states, delivering a history of the development of the region, comments on theories concerning the original migration of peoples, narrates colonial expeditions and enterprises, and assesses the emergence of independent government and institutions. The record of engagement with international human rights law is examined, in particular the States' ratification of human rights covenants. The attempt to implement a regional human rights mechanism for the Pacific is described with the merits of such a project debated. The subsequent four chapters are case-studies, designed to expose in detail, the extent to which indigenous and minority rights are implemented in the Pacific. Four states were chosen as representative of the challenges that face these groups in the region: Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, and Papua New Guinea. Each chapter is broken-down into four sections, according to the structure of the book series engaging with the history, identification of indigenous and minority groups, the rights of indigenous and minority groups, and the legal and other remedies available.Less
The book examines the extent to which States in the Pacific region have put in place legislative and administrative measures designed to promote and protect the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples within their State. The book starts by identifying and classifying the various States in the region, and commenting on general trends that are visible across the region. This analysis includes Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Island Countries in the geographic boundaries of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. The region is assessed against human rights standards, and the extent to which State practice conforms to international standards. There are five chapters in the book. The opening chapter conducts a tour d'horizon of the Pacific, identifying the states, delivering a history of the development of the region, comments on theories concerning the original migration of peoples, narrates colonial expeditions and enterprises, and assesses the emergence of independent government and institutions. The record of engagement with international human rights law is examined, in particular the States' ratification of human rights covenants. The attempt to implement a regional human rights mechanism for the Pacific is described with the merits of such a project debated. The subsequent four chapters are case-studies, designed to expose in detail, the extent to which indigenous and minority rights are implemented in the Pacific. Four states were chosen as representative of the challenges that face these groups in the region: Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, and Papua New Guinea. Each chapter is broken-down into four sections, according to the structure of the book series engaging with the history, identification of indigenous and minority groups, the rights of indigenous and minority groups, and the legal and other remedies available.
Eli M. Noam (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195102017
- eISBN:
- 9780199854936
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195102017.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Telecommunications is becoming an essential infrastructure in the global economy. The electronic flow of information around the world favors those nations that have invested in the technology to ...
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Telecommunications is becoming an essential infrastructure in the global economy. The electronic flow of information around the world favors those nations that have invested in the technology to participate in this international commerce. This book provides a comprehensive view of what individual African countries are doing to build a telecommunications capability. Special attention is paid to telecommunications as a link in the chain of the regional development process.Less
Telecommunications is becoming an essential infrastructure in the global economy. The electronic flow of information around the world favors those nations that have invested in the technology to participate in this international commerce. This book provides a comprehensive view of what individual African countries are doing to build a telecommunications capability. Special attention is paid to telecommunications as a link in the chain of the regional development process.
Herbert Obinger, Peter Starke, Julia Moser, Claudia Bogedan, Edith Gindulis, and Stephan Leibfried
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199296323
- eISBN:
- 9780191700774
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296323.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This book gives a twist to the longstanding debate on the impact of economic globalization on the welfare state. It focuses on several small, advanced OECD economies in order to assess whether (and ...
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This book gives a twist to the longstanding debate on the impact of economic globalization on the welfare state. It focuses on several small, advanced OECD economies in order to assess whether (and how) the welfare state will be able to compete under conditions of an increasingly integrated world economy. Small states can be seen as an ‘early warning system’ for general trends, because of their dependence on world markets and vulnerability to competitive pressures. The book's theoretical part integrates the literature on the political economy of small states with more recent research on the impact of globalization on social policy to generate a set of ideal-typical policy scenarios. It systematically tests these scenarios against the experience of four countries: Austria, Denmark, New Zealand, and Switzerland. The comparative analysis of reform trajectories since the 1970s in four key policy areas — pensions, labour market policy, health care, and family policy — provides substantial evidence of a new convergence in welfare state patterns. This amounts to a fundamental transformation of the welfare state from the old Keynesian welfare state positioned ‘against the market’ to a new set of supply-side policies ‘with’ and ‘for’ the market. Yet one of the big lessons to be learned from this study is that the transformation does not match the doomsday scenario predicted by neo-classical economists in the 1990s.Less
This book gives a twist to the longstanding debate on the impact of economic globalization on the welfare state. It focuses on several small, advanced OECD economies in order to assess whether (and how) the welfare state will be able to compete under conditions of an increasingly integrated world economy. Small states can be seen as an ‘early warning system’ for general trends, because of their dependence on world markets and vulnerability to competitive pressures. The book's theoretical part integrates the literature on the political economy of small states with more recent research on the impact of globalization on social policy to generate a set of ideal-typical policy scenarios. It systematically tests these scenarios against the experience of four countries: Austria, Denmark, New Zealand, and Switzerland. The comparative analysis of reform trajectories since the 1970s in four key policy areas — pensions, labour market policy, health care, and family policy — provides substantial evidence of a new convergence in welfare state patterns. This amounts to a fundamental transformation of the welfare state from the old Keynesian welfare state positioned ‘against the market’ to a new set of supply-side policies ‘with’ and ‘for’ the market. Yet one of the big lessons to be learned from this study is that the transformation does not match the doomsday scenario predicted by neo-classical economists in the 1990s.
