Nancy Whittier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325102
- eISBN:
- 9780199869350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325102.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Focuses on the cultural changes produced by the movement against child sexual abuse, by tracing changes in mass media portrayals of child sexual abuse from 1970s to the 1990s. Media reflected a ...
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Focuses on the cultural changes produced by the movement against child sexual abuse, by tracing changes in mass media portrayals of child sexual abuse from 1970s to the 1990s. Media reflected a contradictory mixture of meanings drawn both from movement organizations and mainstream culture. Mass media coverage increased dramatically; it reflected movement success, but like policy gains, media selection processes favored movement messages that resonated with mainstream beliefs. Coverage emphasized abuse by strangers over incest, breaking silence, the need for therapy and healing, but de‐emphasized the movement's emphases on self‐help and solidarity among survivors. By the early 1990s, medical and criminal frames dominated and sceptical coverage increased as a countermovement emerged. Contrary to the view that media coverage represented a “moral panic,” the chapter argues that it did not have the characteristics of a moral panic, and is better understood through the interactions of movement, experts, and media selection processes.Less
Focuses on the cultural changes produced by the movement against child sexual abuse, by tracing changes in mass media portrayals of child sexual abuse from 1970s to the 1990s. Media reflected a contradictory mixture of meanings drawn both from movement organizations and mainstream culture. Mass media coverage increased dramatically; it reflected movement success, but like policy gains, media selection processes favored movement messages that resonated with mainstream beliefs. Coverage emphasized abuse by strangers over incest, breaking silence, the need for therapy and healing, but de‐emphasized the movement's emphases on self‐help and solidarity among survivors. By the early 1990s, medical and criminal frames dominated and sceptical coverage increased as a countermovement emerged. Contrary to the view that media coverage represented a “moral panic,” the chapter argues that it did not have the characteristics of a moral panic, and is better understood through the interactions of movement, experts, and media selection processes.
Nancy Whittier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325102
- eISBN:
- 9780199869350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325102.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter looks at countermovement organizing, focusing on the False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF). It highlights the struggles over the social construction of knowledge that came with the ...
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This chapter looks at countermovement organizing, focusing on the False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF). It highlights the struggles over the social construction of knowledge that came with the rise of the FMSF and its allies, and analyzing the political and cultural reasons for the movement's gains. It traces the frames used by the FMSF and analyzes the success of the frame emphasizing “memory science” and the unreliability of “recovered memories.” The chapter discusses the countermovement's tactics and its coalitions across the political spectrum, including with conservative, anti‐feminist, and progressive groups. It argues that the social construction of knowledge is an important part of social movements.Less
This chapter looks at countermovement organizing, focusing on the False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF). It highlights the struggles over the social construction of knowledge that came with the rise of the FMSF and its allies, and analyzing the political and cultural reasons for the movement's gains. It traces the frames used by the FMSF and analyzes the success of the frame emphasizing “memory science” and the unreliability of “recovered memories.” The chapter discusses the countermovement's tactics and its coalitions across the political spectrum, including with conservative, anti‐feminist, and progressive groups. It argues that the social construction of knowledge is an important part of social movements.
Malak Zaalouk
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774160264
- eISBN:
- 9781617970252
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774160264.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This new study weaves anthropological detail with hard facts and analysis as it takes the reader to visit the community schools of Upper Egypt. It offers a historical understanding of the initiative ...
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This new study weaves anthropological detail with hard facts and analysis as it takes the reader to visit the community schools of Upper Egypt. It offers a historical understanding of the initiative whilst carefully embedding it in the political and economic global context of the late twentieth century. The book first introduces the movement approach to development and carefully develops the notion of learning as a countermovement to the disintegrating world of today. It then moves on to describe how a community schools movement developed in the most deprived areas of rural Egypt; how such a movement is planned, mobilized, and sustained; and details the strategies and activities of the initiative. In the third part of the work, the book describes the impact of the movement on people's lives. The last chapter places the community education movement within the political economy of Egypt's educational reform and attempts to forecast the movement's long-term impact on the educational system.Less
This new study weaves anthropological detail with hard facts and analysis as it takes the reader to visit the community schools of Upper Egypt. It offers a historical understanding of the initiative whilst carefully embedding it in the political and economic global context of the late twentieth century. The book first introduces the movement approach to development and carefully develops the notion of learning as a countermovement to the disintegrating world of today. It then moves on to describe how a community schools movement developed in the most deprived areas of rural Egypt; how such a movement is planned, mobilized, and sustained; and details the strategies and activities of the initiative. In the third part of the work, the book describes the impact of the movement on people's lives. The last chapter places the community education movement within the political economy of Egypt's educational reform and attempts to forecast the movement's long-term impact on the educational system.
Julie E. Cohen
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- October 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190246693
- eISBN:
- 9780190909543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190246693.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics, Legal History
This book has explored the gradual and contested emergence of legal institutions adapted to the informational economy. It has considered changes in patterns of entitlement and disentitlement and in ...
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This book has explored the gradual and contested emergence of legal institutions adapted to the informational economy. It has considered changes in patterns of entitlement and disentitlement and in the structure and operation of regulatory and governance institutions. The conclusion offers a brief reflection on the ways that transformations in political economy shape the horizons of possibility for Polanyian protective countermovements and on the durability of such countermovements. It observes that countermovements are temporary, inevitably inviting new strategies for evasion, capture, co-optation, and arbitrage, but that they also create the possibility for real, incremental improvement—and occasionally even for transformative improvement.Less
This book has explored the gradual and contested emergence of legal institutions adapted to the informational economy. It has considered changes in patterns of entitlement and disentitlement and in the structure and operation of regulatory and governance institutions. The conclusion offers a brief reflection on the ways that transformations in political economy shape the horizons of possibility for Polanyian protective countermovements and on the durability of such countermovements. It observes that countermovements are temporary, inevitably inviting new strategies for evasion, capture, co-optation, and arbitrage, but that they also create the possibility for real, incremental improvement—and occasionally even for transformative improvement.
Elizabeth Beaumont
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199940066
- eISBN:
- 9780199369782
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199940066.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Democratization
Chapter 6 turns to broader questions about founding and some of the limitations of focusing on these historical segments of a “civic founders’ constitution.” First, how does the notion of civic ...
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Chapter 6 turns to broader questions about founding and some of the limitations of focusing on these historical segments of a “civic founders’ constitution.” First, how does the notion of civic founders bear on thinking about powerful countermovements and backlashes, such as anti-suffragists and segregationists? Second, how does the notion of civic founders relate to other important reform movements, such as twentieth-century labor and civil rights movements, and more recent Occupy, gay marriage, and Tea Party movements? Third, how realistic is popular constitutionalism as a route to reform in the modern era, given scholarship on legal change? Finally, the chapter argues that despite the challenges of focusing on the role of civic groups and movements in constitutional development, this approach provides crucial insights into what the Constitution is, and how it relates to civic life. The result is a more profound understanding of the text, ideals, and norms of American constitutionalism.Less
Chapter 6 turns to broader questions about founding and some of the limitations of focusing on these historical segments of a “civic founders’ constitution.” First, how does the notion of civic founders bear on thinking about powerful countermovements and backlashes, such as anti-suffragists and segregationists? Second, how does the notion of civic founders relate to other important reform movements, such as twentieth-century labor and civil rights movements, and more recent Occupy, gay marriage, and Tea Party movements? Third, how realistic is popular constitutionalism as a route to reform in the modern era, given scholarship on legal change? Finally, the chapter argues that despite the challenges of focusing on the role of civic groups and movements in constitutional development, this approach provides crucial insights into what the Constitution is, and how it relates to civic life. The result is a more profound understanding of the text, ideals, and norms of American constitutionalism.
Meredith L. Weiss
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037726
- eISBN:
- 9780252095009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037726.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter presents evidence for the so-called homophobic anticipatory countermovement, with reference primarily to Southeast Asian cases—particularly Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the ...
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This chapter presents evidence for the so-called homophobic anticipatory countermovement, with reference primarily to Southeast Asian cases—particularly Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines—and considers the roots and implications of such a sequence. These cases are chosen for their proximity, which is useful for evaluating the extent of global and regional discursive circuits, but also for their diversity. Indonesia and Malaysia are both Muslim-majority states, but Indonesia today is far more democratic than Malaysia; the Philippines is a Catholic-majority democracy; while Singapore is a single-party-dominant state with important Muslim and evangelical Christian minorities. While all but prosperous Singapore are developing states, all are highly exposed to global trade, media, and other circuits. Moreover, all four states offer recent examples of high-profile homophobia, all with roots in Christian or Islamist discourse.Less
This chapter presents evidence for the so-called homophobic anticipatory countermovement, with reference primarily to Southeast Asian cases—particularly Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines—and considers the roots and implications of such a sequence. These cases are chosen for their proximity, which is useful for evaluating the extent of global and regional discursive circuits, but also for their diversity. Indonesia and Malaysia are both Muslim-majority states, but Indonesia today is far more democratic than Malaysia; the Philippines is a Catholic-majority democracy; while Singapore is a single-party-dominant state with important Muslim and evangelical Christian minorities. While all but prosperous Singapore are developing states, all are highly exposed to global trade, media, and other circuits. Moreover, all four states offer recent examples of high-profile homophobia, all with roots in Christian or Islamist discourse.
Andrew A. Biewener and Shelia N. Patek (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198743156
- eISBN:
- 9780191803031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198743156.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Ecology
Jumping, climbing and suspensory locomotion are specialized locomotor mechanisms used on land and in the air. Jumping is used for rapid launches from substrates. Climbing and suspensory movements ...
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Jumping, climbing and suspensory locomotion are specialized locomotor mechanisms used on land and in the air. Jumping is used for rapid launches from substrates. Climbing and suspensory movements enable locomotion up, under and through vertically-structured habitats, such as forests. Elastic energy storage is particularly important for jumping and catapult systems and we address the core concepts of power amplification that are exemplified in nature’s extreme jumpers. We examine the diverse mechanisms of attachment that characterize animals that can grasp and adhere to a diversity of structures. We conclude the chapter by examining the integration of biological capabilities with engineering innovations in these systems.Less
Jumping, climbing and suspensory locomotion are specialized locomotor mechanisms used on land and in the air. Jumping is used for rapid launches from substrates. Climbing and suspensory movements enable locomotion up, under and through vertically-structured habitats, such as forests. Elastic energy storage is particularly important for jumping and catapult systems and we address the core concepts of power amplification that are exemplified in nature’s extreme jumpers. We examine the diverse mechanisms of attachment that characterize animals that can grasp and adhere to a diversity of structures. We conclude the chapter by examining the integration of biological capabilities with engineering innovations in these systems.
Riley E. Dunlap and Aaron M. McCright
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199356102
- eISBN:
- 9780199356133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199356102.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
An organized campaign to deny the reality and significance of climate change has worked to undermine the claims of the scientific community and block efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This ...
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An organized campaign to deny the reality and significance of climate change has worked to undermine the claims of the scientific community and block efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter outlines the historical and cultural conditions that have provided fertile soil for climate change denial’s emergence (most notably, the rise of neoliberalism as hegemonic ideology). It explains the denial countermovement’s strategies of manufacturing uncertainty and controversy, which substitute ideology for science and put our societal resilience at stake. The chapter describes the key components of the U.S. countermovement: the fossil fuels industry and corporate America; conservative think tanks and foundations; contrarian scientists; front groups and “Astroturf” campaigns; conservative politicians; and conservative media and the denial blogosphere. The chapter also documents the international diffusion of climate change denial, indicating that the countermovement is evolving into a global force designed to combat the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and international climate advocacy network.Less
An organized campaign to deny the reality and significance of climate change has worked to undermine the claims of the scientific community and block efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter outlines the historical and cultural conditions that have provided fertile soil for climate change denial’s emergence (most notably, the rise of neoliberalism as hegemonic ideology). It explains the denial countermovement’s strategies of manufacturing uncertainty and controversy, which substitute ideology for science and put our societal resilience at stake. The chapter describes the key components of the U.S. countermovement: the fossil fuels industry and corporate America; conservative think tanks and foundations; contrarian scientists; front groups and “Astroturf” campaigns; conservative politicians; and conservative media and the denial blogosphere. The chapter also documents the international diffusion of climate change denial, indicating that the countermovement is evolving into a global force designed to combat the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and international climate advocacy network.
Sidney Tarrow
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190886172
- eISBN:
- 9780190911843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190886172.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
In the current alignment in American politics, polarization sharply divides Americans. But party loyalties are permeable to change; movement loyalties, in contrast, are impervious to political ...
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In the current alignment in American politics, polarization sharply divides Americans. But party loyalties are permeable to change; movement loyalties, in contrast, are impervious to political currents. This chapter regards Trumpism as such a movement, and the Resistance as the countermovement it has triggered. This gives the Resistance both the advantage of having Trump as a focal point but the cost of his unpredictability and volatility. The chapter employs the concept of “cycles of contention” to understand this conjuncture. Its outcomes depend less on the initial shock than on three important mechanisms that it has triggered—the amplification of initial cleavages, the spillover from one sector of conflict to others, and a shift in scale both upward to the national level and downward to states and localities. These mechanisms have expanded the cycle but have also created rifts in the Resistance.Less
In the current alignment in American politics, polarization sharply divides Americans. But party loyalties are permeable to change; movement loyalties, in contrast, are impervious to political currents. This chapter regards Trumpism as such a movement, and the Resistance as the countermovement it has triggered. This gives the Resistance both the advantage of having Trump as a focal point but the cost of his unpredictability and volatility. The chapter employs the concept of “cycles of contention” to understand this conjuncture. Its outcomes depend less on the initial shock than on three important mechanisms that it has triggered—the amplification of initial cleavages, the spillover from one sector of conflict to others, and a shift in scale both upward to the national level and downward to states and localities. These mechanisms have expanded the cycle but have also created rifts in the Resistance.
Hahrie Han and Michelle Oyakawa
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190886172
- eISBN:
- 9780190911843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190886172.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines the way old and new movement organizations addressed strategic dilemmas regarding constituency and leadership in the Trump Era. This chapter examines two case organizations to ...
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This chapter examines the way old and new movement organizations addressed strategic dilemmas regarding constituency and leadership in the Trump Era. This chapter examines two case organizations to illustrate how long-standing and new organizations grappled with two particular challenges: (1) How would they define their constituencies, and what is the extent to which they will put questions of race at the center (or not)? And (2) Will they invest resources in leadership development, and how will that investment be balanced with strategies to mobilize “at scale”? The cases are ISAIAH, a long-standing faith-based community organization in Minnesota, and Indivisible, a new national organization that emerged after the 2016 election. This chapter thus illuminates the way two organizations reacted to changing political conditions in the Trump Era and the key strategic dilemmas that emerged.Less
This chapter examines the way old and new movement organizations addressed strategic dilemmas regarding constituency and leadership in the Trump Era. This chapter examines two case organizations to illustrate how long-standing and new organizations grappled with two particular challenges: (1) How would they define their constituencies, and what is the extent to which they will put questions of race at the center (or not)? And (2) Will they invest resources in leadership development, and how will that investment be balanced with strategies to mobilize “at scale”? The cases are ISAIAH, a long-standing faith-based community organization in Minnesota, and Indivisible, a new national organization that emerged after the 2016 election. This chapter thus illuminates the way two organizations reacted to changing political conditions in the Trump Era and the key strategic dilemmas that emerged.
David S. Meyer
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190886172
- eISBN:
- 9780190911843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190886172.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter reviews the first year of political activism with particular emphasis on three challenges the Trump presidency and the Resistance pose: to the understanding of social movements; to the ...
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This chapter reviews the first year of political activism with particular emphasis on three challenges the Trump presidency and the Resistance pose: to the understanding of social movements; to the American Left; and to the stability of American political institutions. The Resistance extends beyond familiar demonstrations and direct-action efforts to include activism within political institutions. It challenges left and liberal activism to negotiate their relationship with mainstream political institutions. The Trump presidency and Resistance also challenge the flexibility and stability of American institutions to respond to defiance of previously accepted political norms. This chapter concludes by outlining potential different futures.Less
This chapter reviews the first year of political activism with particular emphasis on three challenges the Trump presidency and the Resistance pose: to the understanding of social movements; to the American Left; and to the stability of American political institutions. The Resistance extends beyond familiar demonstrations and direct-action efforts to include activism within political institutions. It challenges left and liberal activism to negotiate their relationship with mainstream political institutions. The Trump presidency and Resistance also challenge the flexibility and stability of American institutions to respond to defiance of previously accepted political norms. This chapter concludes by outlining potential different futures.
Jemima Repo
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190256913
- eISBN:
- 9780190256937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190256913.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter addresses the problems that the genealogy of gender poses for feminist theory and politics, arguing that gender is an important element facilitating the fusion of feminist ideas with ...
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This chapter addresses the problems that the genealogy of gender poses for feminist theory and politics, arguing that gender is an important element facilitating the fusion of feminist ideas with neoliberal practices and rationalities. It calls for reassessing the value of the idea of gender itself to feminist politics. Through rereadings of Mary Wollstonecraft and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the chapter highlights the shared genealogy of feminism and liberal governmentality, where feminism can be understood as a countermovement to liberalism, but one that has consistently taken up liberal discourses in the struggle against the oppressions of liberalism, discarding them later for other more timely ones. The chapter then initiates an exegesis of Valerie Solanas’s SCUM Manifesto to consider the extent to which the gender concept is still useful or necessary for feminist theory and politics.Less
This chapter addresses the problems that the genealogy of gender poses for feminist theory and politics, arguing that gender is an important element facilitating the fusion of feminist ideas with neoliberal practices and rationalities. It calls for reassessing the value of the idea of gender itself to feminist politics. Through rereadings of Mary Wollstonecraft and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the chapter highlights the shared genealogy of feminism and liberal governmentality, where feminism can be understood as a countermovement to liberalism, but one that has consistently taken up liberal discourses in the struggle against the oppressions of liberalism, discarding them later for other more timely ones. The chapter then initiates an exegesis of Valerie Solanas’s SCUM Manifesto to consider the extent to which the gender concept is still useful or necessary for feminist theory and politics.
