MARGARET Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192626219
- eISBN:
- 9780191730016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192626219.003.0005
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This chapter examines the impact of palliative care services at the wider-population level. It analyses population-based indicators, such as place of death and patterns of service utilization, and ...
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This chapter examines the impact of palliative care services at the wider-population level. It analyses population-based indicators, such as place of death and patterns of service utilization, and suggests that such indicators are sensitive to the impact of palliative care services. The chapter also contends that it is important to look at total costs when undertaking an overall cost assessment because even charitable funding has an opportunity cost.Less
This chapter examines the impact of palliative care services at the wider-population level. It analyses population-based indicators, such as place of death and patterns of service utilization, and suggests that such indicators are sensitive to the impact of palliative care services. The chapter also contends that it is important to look at total costs when undertaking an overall cost assessment because even charitable funding has an opportunity cost.
Ken Geiser
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262012522
- eISBN:
- 9780262327015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012522.003.0012
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
There are several strategies for advancing the transition to safer chemicals: prohibition strategies, aversion strategies, and safer chemical strategies. The safer chemical strategy relies on ...
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There are several strategies for advancing the transition to safer chemicals: prohibition strategies, aversion strategies, and safer chemical strategies. The safer chemical strategy relies on assessing the alternatives available for substituting or replacing chemicals of concern and adopting those that meet acceptable performance and cost criteria and are safer. Chemical action planning and alternatives assessment are new tools that can be employed to help guide safer alternative selection and implementation. Alternatives assessment can include hazard assessment, performance assessment, cost assessment, exposure assessment, material management assessment, life cycle assessment and social impact assessment.Less
There are several strategies for advancing the transition to safer chemicals: prohibition strategies, aversion strategies, and safer chemical strategies. The safer chemical strategy relies on assessing the alternatives available for substituting or replacing chemicals of concern and adopting those that meet acceptable performance and cost criteria and are safer. Chemical action planning and alternatives assessment are new tools that can be employed to help guide safer alternative selection and implementation. Alternatives assessment can include hazard assessment, performance assessment, cost assessment, exposure assessment, material management assessment, life cycle assessment and social impact assessment.
Susan D. Franck
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190054434
- eISBN:
- 9780190054465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190054434.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Earlier research identified that, although tribunals rarely cited legal authority and provided only minimal rationalization of their decisions, like the factor-dependent model, tribunals’ approaches ...
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Earlier research identified that, although tribunals rarely cited legal authority and provided only minimal rationalization of their decisions, like the factor-dependent model, tribunals’ approaches varied. To facilitate an evidence-based dialogue about whether those findings persisted, Chapter 7 explores tribunals’ rationalization of cost decisions. It first assesses how many awards contained any rationalization for costs and identifies material gaps between non-final and final awards. Second, it conducts content analysis of tribunals’ costs rationalizations. Third, it explores whether tribunals’ ability to explain their cost decisions changed over time. While there was some evidence that tribunals improved in their cost rationalization, material gaps remained. Tribunals tended to focus upon parties’ relative success, perceived equity and reasonableness, and tribunal discretion, with part conduct during proceedings being of secondary consideration. Meanwhile, concerns involving public justice norms were rarely, if ever, used.Less
Earlier research identified that, although tribunals rarely cited legal authority and provided only minimal rationalization of their decisions, like the factor-dependent model, tribunals’ approaches varied. To facilitate an evidence-based dialogue about whether those findings persisted, Chapter 7 explores tribunals’ rationalization of cost decisions. It first assesses how many awards contained any rationalization for costs and identifies material gaps between non-final and final awards. Second, it conducts content analysis of tribunals’ costs rationalizations. Third, it explores whether tribunals’ ability to explain their cost decisions changed over time. While there was some evidence that tribunals improved in their cost rationalization, material gaps remained. Tribunals tended to focus upon parties’ relative success, perceived equity and reasonableness, and tribunal discretion, with part conduct during proceedings being of secondary consideration. Meanwhile, concerns involving public justice norms were rarely, if ever, used.
