Jason G. Ralph
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199240975
- eISBN:
- 9780191598999
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199240973.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Explores the gap between rhetoric and practice in the American policy of promoting democracy. It attributes it to the US, promoting two inconsistent goals at the same time: democratization and free ...
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Explores the gap between rhetoric and practice in the American policy of promoting democracy. It attributes it to the US, promoting two inconsistent goals at the same time: democratization and free market capitalism. This is not because the US responds only to corporate interests. Instead, this policy mix stems from America's image of its own success: at the time of its foundation, democratic development was compatible with economic individualism due to extraordinary socio–economic circumstances. However, given the contemporary socio–economic circumstances of new democracies, it would be more appropriate to promote social democracy rather than liberal democracy.Less
Explores the gap between rhetoric and practice in the American policy of promoting democracy. It attributes it to the US, promoting two inconsistent goals at the same time: democratization and free market capitalism. This is not because the US responds only to corporate interests. Instead, this policy mix stems from America's image of its own success: at the time of its foundation, democratic development was compatible with economic individualism due to extraordinary socio–economic circumstances. However, given the contemporary socio–economic circumstances of new democracies, it would be more appropriate to promote social democracy rather than liberal democracy.
Jonathan P. Charkham
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199243198
- eISBN:
- 9780191697234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243198.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Strategy
The system by which companies are managed and controlled in France is influenced by a number of features that are specific to the country: the role and influence of the government, the limited role ...
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The system by which companies are managed and controlled in France is influenced by a number of features that are specific to the country: the role and influence of the government, the limited role of equity investments, the recruitment of managers from among a narrow côterie of students drawn from the grandes écoles, the concept of corporate interest, which, from a legal standpoint, seems to be the criterion for decisions of managers and boards of directors. The mission of the company and the board of directors are clearly explained in the by-laws. The board of directors must participate in strategic decisions, oversee and control the management of the company, and ensure members of the board are accountable to shareholders. There are 739 quoted companies in France. The Paris stock market is managed by Euronext, which has taken over the Brussels, Amsterdam, and Lisbon stock markets.Less
The system by which companies are managed and controlled in France is influenced by a number of features that are specific to the country: the role and influence of the government, the limited role of equity investments, the recruitment of managers from among a narrow côterie of students drawn from the grandes écoles, the concept of corporate interest, which, from a legal standpoint, seems to be the criterion for decisions of managers and boards of directors. The mission of the company and the board of directors are clearly explained in the by-laws. The board of directors must participate in strategic decisions, oversee and control the management of the company, and ensure members of the board are accountable to shareholders. There are 739 quoted companies in France. The Paris stock market is managed by Euronext, which has taken over the Brussels, Amsterdam, and Lisbon stock markets.
Marius Emberland
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199289837
- eISBN:
- 9780191700545
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289837.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This book investigates the ways in which human rights articulate with business law and practice, adopting as a facilitatory starting point approaches to the issue common in international law and ...
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This book investigates the ways in which human rights articulate with business law and practice, adopting as a facilitatory starting point approaches to the issue common in international law and constitutional law. More closely, it examines the level of protection offered company interests by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The book thus offers a study of the doctrinal response developed in Strasbourg by the European Court of Human Rights to claims for ECHR protection submitted by or on behalf of companies. It is important to appreciate that under the ECHR, the notion of companies enjoying rights protection is not disputed in principle: the Court does not per se regard corporate litigation with suspicion. This does not mean, however, that the protection of corporate interests is plain sailing in terms of ECHR law. The particular features of the corporate person and the interests pursued by such, combined with the particular structure of the ECHR and its international supervision, sometimes pose interpretative and practical challenges in terms of ECHR guarantees.Less
This book investigates the ways in which human rights articulate with business law and practice, adopting as a facilitatory starting point approaches to the issue common in international law and constitutional law. More closely, it examines the level of protection offered company interests by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The book thus offers a study of the doctrinal response developed in Strasbourg by the European Court of Human Rights to claims for ECHR protection submitted by or on behalf of companies. It is important to appreciate that under the ECHR, the notion of companies enjoying rights protection is not disputed in principle: the Court does not per se regard corporate litigation with suspicion. This does not mean, however, that the protection of corporate interests is plain sailing in terms of ECHR law. The particular features of the corporate person and the interests pursued by such, combined with the particular structure of the ECHR and its international supervision, sometimes pose interpretative and practical challenges in terms of ECHR guarantees.
Tycho De Boer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032481
- eISBN:
- 9780813038360
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032481.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This last chapter concludes that by the time modern environmentalist movements emerged as the advocates for endangered flora and fauna, wilderness, biodiversity and ecosystem, they faced a defiance ...
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This last chapter concludes that by the time modern environmentalist movements emerged as the advocates for endangered flora and fauna, wilderness, biodiversity and ecosystem, they faced a defiance and hostility from the corporate and national interests they vilified as the main culprits behind the exploitation, abuse, and murder of nature. In areas like the Green Swamp, these environmentalists faced the historical, traditional, and local environment legacy of a community on the edge of swamps and forests and communities who saw themselves in intimate connection with the wilderness. To these communities the welfare of the ecosystem and the biodiversity of the land were often set aside for the more immediate necessities of capitalism and profit. For a majority of people who knew the forest and swamp lands of the Green Swamp region intimately and experientially as inextricable parts of their communal history and progress, the ideology and practices of business and government for the most part affirmed their larger worldviews. Knowing the forest and swamp culturally far more than they knew it ecologically pushed these people to seek for orderly, corporately managed, state-governed forests to serve their capitalist and economic claims. The conclusion suggests that while there may have been efforts to nurture the cutover lands and the continued tapping of their maintaining life by cultivation, this should not be an excuse to continue wasting and squandering nature, rather it should be seen as a model of human resilience and adaptability, drawn from experiential knowledge and the mythological view of the world.Less
This last chapter concludes that by the time modern environmentalist movements emerged as the advocates for endangered flora and fauna, wilderness, biodiversity and ecosystem, they faced a defiance and hostility from the corporate and national interests they vilified as the main culprits behind the exploitation, abuse, and murder of nature. In areas like the Green Swamp, these environmentalists faced the historical, traditional, and local environment legacy of a community on the edge of swamps and forests and communities who saw themselves in intimate connection with the wilderness. To these communities the welfare of the ecosystem and the biodiversity of the land were often set aside for the more immediate necessities of capitalism and profit. For a majority of people who knew the forest and swamp lands of the Green Swamp region intimately and experientially as inextricable parts of their communal history and progress, the ideology and practices of business and government for the most part affirmed their larger worldviews. Knowing the forest and swamp culturally far more than they knew it ecologically pushed these people to seek for orderly, corporately managed, state-governed forests to serve their capitalist and economic claims. The conclusion suggests that while there may have been efforts to nurture the cutover lands and the continued tapping of their maintaining life by cultivation, this should not be an excuse to continue wasting and squandering nature, rather it should be seen as a model of human resilience and adaptability, drawn from experiential knowledge and the mythological view of the world.
Eleni Schirmer and Michael W. Apple
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447326809
- eISBN:
- 9781447326816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447326809.003.0004
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
Corporate-backed philanthropic groups have become increasingly involved in political processes in the past ten years. The Koch Brothers’ and their political advocacy groups, have become particularly ...
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Corporate-backed philanthropic groups have become increasingly involved in political processes in the past ten years. The Koch Brothers’ and their political advocacy groups, have become particularly prominent players. Their influence extends beyond high-profile state-level elections and increasingly have begun investing in municipal affairs of small cities and towns, such as school board elections like Kenosha, Wisconsin and Jefferson County, Colorado in the US. This chapter asks, why do groups like Americans for Prosperity care about small-town school board elections? This chapter highlights two particularly significant local examples in the United States: school board elections in Kenosha, Wisconsin, in 2014 and Jefferson County, Colorado in 2015. Through documentary analysis of school board records, news reports, and district evaluations, in both Wisconsin and Colorado, we chronicle the political contest for control of each school board. Our findings illustrate the ideological and political project of corporate, conservative influence in public education in the United States.Less
Corporate-backed philanthropic groups have become increasingly involved in political processes in the past ten years. The Koch Brothers’ and their political advocacy groups, have become particularly prominent players. Their influence extends beyond high-profile state-level elections and increasingly have begun investing in municipal affairs of small cities and towns, such as school board elections like Kenosha, Wisconsin and Jefferson County, Colorado in the US. This chapter asks, why do groups like Americans for Prosperity care about small-town school board elections? This chapter highlights two particularly significant local examples in the United States: school board elections in Kenosha, Wisconsin, in 2014 and Jefferson County, Colorado in 2015. Through documentary analysis of school board records, news reports, and district evaluations, in both Wisconsin and Colorado, we chronicle the political contest for control of each school board. Our findings illustrate the ideological and political project of corporate, conservative influence in public education in the United States.
Anne-Emanuelle Birn, Yogan Pillay, and Timothy H. Holtz
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199392285
- eISBN:
- 9780199392315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199392285.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology
In recent years, the number of global health actors engaged in projects, research, diplomacy, and governance activities has multiplied, adding to long-existing players and actions. This chapter ...
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In recent years, the number of global health actors engaged in projects, research, diplomacy, and governance activities has multiplied, adding to long-existing players and actions. This chapter examines an array of these, including: a range of United Nations multilateral agencies, international financial and economic institutions, bilateral aid agencies, regional organizations and economic unions, military actors, emerging South–South arrangements, as well as non-governmental organizations, humanitarian and religious agencies, contract providers, government technical agencies and research institutions, philanthropic foundations, global health and development think tanks, advocacy groups and alliances, social and political movements, university and hospital initiatives, professional membership organizations, public-private partnerships, new financing mechanisms, and growing corporate interests. The chapter concludes with a critical political economy analysis of these actors and activities.Less
In recent years, the number of global health actors engaged in projects, research, diplomacy, and governance activities has multiplied, adding to long-existing players and actions. This chapter examines an array of these, including: a range of United Nations multilateral agencies, international financial and economic institutions, bilateral aid agencies, regional organizations and economic unions, military actors, emerging South–South arrangements, as well as non-governmental organizations, humanitarian and religious agencies, contract providers, government technical agencies and research institutions, philanthropic foundations, global health and development think tanks, advocacy groups and alliances, social and political movements, university and hospital initiatives, professional membership organizations, public-private partnerships, new financing mechanisms, and growing corporate interests. The chapter concludes with a critical political economy analysis of these actors and activities.
Tula A. Connell
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039904
- eISBN:
- 9780252098062
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039904.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter looks at how the city's fading foreign-language press and financially challenged labor media were offset by a vociferous conservative suburban press. Simultaneously, large mainstream ...
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This chapter looks at how the city's fading foreign-language press and financially challenged labor media were offset by a vociferous conservative suburban press. Simultaneously, large mainstream media outlets began a notable ideological shift toward free market triumphalism, while the surge in far-right national broadcast media and print publications began reaching Milwaukee households. This chapter underlines how the spread of far-right media, far from spontaneous, was generated with the partnership of large corporate interests that privately financed such endeavors even as they publicly espoused support for New Deal principles. Although most corporations publicly remained moderate in their approach to issues such as public provision of social welfare programs and unionization, many joined with “fringe” groups to surreptitiously unravel the postwar New Deal economic order. As such, even businesses that seemingly had bought into commercial Keynesianism played a considerable part in the conservative backlash to the New Deal.Less
This chapter looks at how the city's fading foreign-language press and financially challenged labor media were offset by a vociferous conservative suburban press. Simultaneously, large mainstream media outlets began a notable ideological shift toward free market triumphalism, while the surge in far-right national broadcast media and print publications began reaching Milwaukee households. This chapter underlines how the spread of far-right media, far from spontaneous, was generated with the partnership of large corporate interests that privately financed such endeavors even as they publicly espoused support for New Deal principles. Although most corporations publicly remained moderate in their approach to issues such as public provision of social welfare programs and unionization, many joined with “fringe” groups to surreptitiously unravel the postwar New Deal economic order. As such, even businesses that seemingly had bought into commercial Keynesianism played a considerable part in the conservative backlash to the New Deal.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226306254
- eISBN:
- 9780226306261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226306261.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Ethical Issues and Debates
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume which is about the close ties between universities and corporations in the U.S. This volume examines whether commercial values have ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume which is about the close ties between universities and corporations in the U.S. This volume examines whether commercial values have contaminated academic research and diverted it from socially beneficial goals to mercenary service on behalf of profit-seeking corporate interests. It evaluates the effectiveness of measures to address the problem associated with the so-called commercialized science.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume which is about the close ties between universities and corporations in the U.S. This volume examines whether commercial values have contaminated academic research and diverted it from socially beneficial goals to mercenary service on behalf of profit-seeking corporate interests. It evaluates the effectiveness of measures to address the problem associated with the so-called commercialized science.
Michael Mann
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231152556
- eISBN:
- 9780231526388
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231152556.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Climate
The ongoing assault on climate science in the United States has never been more aggressive, more blatant, or more widely publicized than in the case of the hockey stick graph—a clear and compelling ...
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The ongoing assault on climate science in the United States has never been more aggressive, more blatant, or more widely publicized than in the case of the hockey stick graph—a clear and compelling visual presentation of scientific data demonstrating that global temperatures have risen in conjunction with the increase in industrialization and the use of fossil fuels. Here was an easy-to-understand graph that, in a glance, posed a threat to major corporate energy interests and those who do their political bidding. The stakes were simply too high to ignore the hockey stick—and so began a relentless attack on a body of science and on the investigators whose work formed its scientific basis. The hockey stick achieved prominence in a 2001 UN report on climate change and quickly became a central icon in the “climate wars.” The real issue has never been the graph's data but rather its implied threat to those who oppose governmental regulation and other restraints to protect the environment and planet. This book shares the story of the science and politics behind this controversy. It reveals key figures in the oil and energy industries and the media front groups who do their bidding in sometimes slick, sometimes bare-knuckled ways. The book concludes with the real story of the 2009 “Climategate” scandal, in which climate scientists' emails were hacked.Less
The ongoing assault on climate science in the United States has never been more aggressive, more blatant, or more widely publicized than in the case of the hockey stick graph—a clear and compelling visual presentation of scientific data demonstrating that global temperatures have risen in conjunction with the increase in industrialization and the use of fossil fuels. Here was an easy-to-understand graph that, in a glance, posed a threat to major corporate energy interests and those who do their political bidding. The stakes were simply too high to ignore the hockey stick—and so began a relentless attack on a body of science and on the investigators whose work formed its scientific basis. The hockey stick achieved prominence in a 2001 UN report on climate change and quickly became a central icon in the “climate wars.” The real issue has never been the graph's data but rather its implied threat to those who oppose governmental regulation and other restraints to protect the environment and planet. This book shares the story of the science and politics behind this controversy. It reveals key figures in the oil and energy industries and the media front groups who do their bidding in sometimes slick, sometimes bare-knuckled ways. The book concludes with the real story of the 2009 “Climategate” scandal, in which climate scientists' emails were hacked.
