Michael O. Emerson and George Yancey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199742684
- eISBN:
- 9780199943388
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199742684.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Despite recent progress against racial inequalities, American society continues to produce attitudes and outcomes that reinforce the racial divide. This book offers a fresh perspective on how to ...
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Despite recent progress against racial inequalities, American society continues to produce attitudes and outcomes that reinforce the racial divide. This book offers a fresh perspective on how to combat racial division. The chapters document the historical move from white supremacy to institutional racism, and then look at modern efforts to overcome the racialized nature of our society. They argue that both conservative and progressive approaches have failed, as they continually fall victim to forces of ethnocentrism and group interest. They then explore group interest and possible ways to account for the perspectives of both majority and minority group members. They also look to multiracial congregations, multiracial families, the military, and sports teams—all situations in which group interests have been overcome before. In each context they find the development of a core set of values that binds together different racial groups, along with the flexibility to express racially-based cultural uniqueness that does not conflict with this critical core. The book offers what is at once a balanced approach towards dealing with racial alienation and a bold step forward in the debate about the steps necessary to overcome present-day racism.Less
Despite recent progress against racial inequalities, American society continues to produce attitudes and outcomes that reinforce the racial divide. This book offers a fresh perspective on how to combat racial division. The chapters document the historical move from white supremacy to institutional racism, and then look at modern efforts to overcome the racialized nature of our society. They argue that both conservative and progressive approaches have failed, as they continually fall victim to forces of ethnocentrism and group interest. They then explore group interest and possible ways to account for the perspectives of both majority and minority group members. They also look to multiracial congregations, multiracial families, the military, and sports teams—all situations in which group interests have been overcome before. In each context they find the development of a core set of values that binds together different racial groups, along with the flexibility to express racially-based cultural uniqueness that does not conflict with this critical core. The book offers what is at once a balanced approach towards dealing with racial alienation and a bold step forward in the debate about the steps necessary to overcome present-day racism.
Michael Foley
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199232673
- eISBN:
- 9780191716362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232673.003.0017
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter presents an overview of the ecology of ideas in American politics. It discusses the various means by which political participants engage with a multiple constituency of core values in ...
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This chapter presents an overview of the ecology of ideas in American politics. It discusses the various means by which political participants engage with a multiple constituency of core values in the competitive struggle for advantage and legitimacy. It also reviews how analysts have sought to come to terms with the dual existence of a fixed set of central principles within society, and the fluid and innovative style by which these core values are articulated and aggregated for political effect.Less
This chapter presents an overview of the ecology of ideas in American politics. It discusses the various means by which political participants engage with a multiple constituency of core values in the competitive struggle for advantage and legitimacy. It also reviews how analysts have sought to come to terms with the dual existence of a fixed set of central principles within society, and the fluid and innovative style by which these core values are articulated and aggregated for political effect.
Gian Vittorio Caprara and Michele Vecchione
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199982868
- eISBN:
- 9780190644291
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199982868.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines how basic values turn into political choices through core political values, namely through beliefs related to issues and priorities that stay at the core of the political ...
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This chapter examines how basic values turn into political choices through core political values, namely through beliefs related to issues and priorities that stay at the core of the political discourse, such as state intervention in the economy, military defense, civil rights, traditional morality, acceptance of immigrants, and law and order. Empirical studies performed in several countries attest to the importance of basic values as coherent overarching principles that guide and organize core political values. These studies also reveal that political values account for a substantial portion of variance in voting and for ideological self-placement, largely mediating the contribution of basic values. Finally, they reveal that political values show consistent patterns of relations with each other and with political ideology that are largely invariant across Western democratic countries.Less
This chapter examines how basic values turn into political choices through core political values, namely through beliefs related to issues and priorities that stay at the core of the political discourse, such as state intervention in the economy, military defense, civil rights, traditional morality, acceptance of immigrants, and law and order. Empirical studies performed in several countries attest to the importance of basic values as coherent overarching principles that guide and organize core political values. These studies also reveal that political values account for a substantial portion of variance in voting and for ideological self-placement, largely mediating the contribution of basic values. Finally, they reveal that political values show consistent patterns of relations with each other and with political ideology that are largely invariant across Western democratic countries.
Eric T. Freyfogle
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124391
- eISBN:
- 9780813134888
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124391.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Every society expresses its fundamental values and hopes in the ways it inhabits its landscapes. In this exploration, this book raises difficult questions about America's core values while ...
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Every society expresses its fundamental values and hopes in the ways it inhabits its landscapes. In this exploration, this book raises difficult questions about America's core values while illuminating the social origins of urban sprawl, dwindling wildlife habitats, and over-engineered rivers. These and other land-use crises, it contends, arise mostly because of cultural attitudes that made sense on the American frontier but now threaten the land's ecological fabric. To support and sustain healthy communities, profound adjustments will be required. The research carried out for this book lead down some unusual paths. The book probes Charles Frazier's novel Cold Mountain for insights on the healing power of nature and tests the wisdom in Wendell Berry's fiction. It challenges journalists writing about environmental issues to get beyond well-worn rhetoric and explain the true choices that Americans face. In an imaginary job advertisement, the book issues a call for a national environmental leader, identifying the skills and knowledge required, taking note of cultural obstacles, and looking critically at supposed allies. Examining recent federal elections, the book largely blames the conservation cause and its inattention to cultural issues for the diminished status of the environment as a decisive issue. The book identifies the social, historical, political, and cultural obstacles to humans' harmony with nature and advocates a new orientation, one that begins with healthy land and that better reflects our utter dependence on it.Less
Every society expresses its fundamental values and hopes in the ways it inhabits its landscapes. In this exploration, this book raises difficult questions about America's core values while illuminating the social origins of urban sprawl, dwindling wildlife habitats, and over-engineered rivers. These and other land-use crises, it contends, arise mostly because of cultural attitudes that made sense on the American frontier but now threaten the land's ecological fabric. To support and sustain healthy communities, profound adjustments will be required. The research carried out for this book lead down some unusual paths. The book probes Charles Frazier's novel Cold Mountain for insights on the healing power of nature and tests the wisdom in Wendell Berry's fiction. It challenges journalists writing about environmental issues to get beyond well-worn rhetoric and explain the true choices that Americans face. In an imaginary job advertisement, the book issues a call for a national environmental leader, identifying the skills and knowledge required, taking note of cultural obstacles, and looking critically at supposed allies. Examining recent federal elections, the book largely blames the conservation cause and its inattention to cultural issues for the diminished status of the environment as a decisive issue. The book identifies the social, historical, political, and cultural obstacles to humans' harmony with nature and advocates a new orientation, one that begins with healthy land and that better reflects our utter dependence on it.
Nancy Feyl Chavkin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190642129
- eISBN:
- 9780190642150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190642129.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Communities and Organizations
“Reflecting on Models of Family Engagement” reviews models of family engagement including the Dual Capacity-Building Framework, ecological approach, family roles approach, school frameworks, and ...
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“Reflecting on Models of Family Engagement” reviews models of family engagement including the Dual Capacity-Building Framework, ecological approach, family roles approach, school frameworks, and community models. The new Dual Capacity-Building Framework combines many of the earlier approaches and focuses on five process conditions that create opportunities. These conditions include being: linked to learning, relational, developmental, collective/collaborative, and interactive. The organizational conditions necessary include being systemic, integrated, and sustained. In all of the models there are overlapping influences of families, schools, and communities; all three must work together. The common theme in all of these models is the focus on the strengths of families. Although all families are different, all families have strengths. Relationships and trust-building are central to family engagement. Families must be equal partners in the education of their children. The chapter concludes with a summary of the core values of family engagement with schools.Less
“Reflecting on Models of Family Engagement” reviews models of family engagement including the Dual Capacity-Building Framework, ecological approach, family roles approach, school frameworks, and community models. The new Dual Capacity-Building Framework combines many of the earlier approaches and focuses on five process conditions that create opportunities. These conditions include being: linked to learning, relational, developmental, collective/collaborative, and interactive. The organizational conditions necessary include being systemic, integrated, and sustained. In all of the models there are overlapping influences of families, schools, and communities; all three must work together. The common theme in all of these models is the focus on the strengths of families. Although all families are different, all families have strengths. Relationships and trust-building are central to family engagement. Families must be equal partners in the education of their children. The chapter concludes with a summary of the core values of family engagement with schools.
Daniel J. Friedman, Edward L. Hunter, and R. Gibson Parrish II
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195149289
- eISBN:
- 9780199865130
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149289.003.0021
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter provides a cross-cutting summary of previous chapters and a more explicit vision for health statistics in the 21st century. It argues that in order to develop enhanced national health ...
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This chapter provides a cross-cutting summary of previous chapters and a more explicit vision for health statistics in the 21st century. It argues that in order to develop enhanced national health statistics enterprises, four conditions must be met: first, a clear and explicit mission for the health statistics enterprise; second, use of an overarching conceptual framework; third, consensus on core values; and fourth, agreement on a set of basic principles for further development and reform of the enterprise. Strategies for meeting these four conditions are discussed.Less
This chapter provides a cross-cutting summary of previous chapters and a more explicit vision for health statistics in the 21st century. It argues that in order to develop enhanced national health statistics enterprises, four conditions must be met: first, a clear and explicit mission for the health statistics enterprise; second, use of an overarching conceptual framework; third, consensus on core values; and fourth, agreement on a set of basic principles for further development and reform of the enterprise. Strategies for meeting these four conditions are discussed.
Yue Chim Richard Wong
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139446
- eISBN:
- 9789888180349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139446.003.0012
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Geographic constituencies refer to a natural institutional arrangement in an agrarian society where economic self-sufficiency is the norm. Yet, geographic constituencies have self-preservation powers ...
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Geographic constituencies refer to a natural institutional arrangement in an agrarian society where economic self-sufficiency is the norm. Yet, geographic constituencies have self-preservation powers which prevent further changes once they are constituted. The divisiveness and occasional paralysis in policy making found in contemporary industrial democracies are to some extent the outcomes of geographically constituted elections. The debate over political freedom in Hong Kong is largely reduced to whether and how the chief executive and the legislature should be elected through universal suffrage. This, to the author, is a limited and distorted perspective of how political freedoms should be constituted in Hong Kong. The author also suggests an approach which grants every qualified resident in Hong Kong two votes, with one vote being cast through geographic constituencies and the other through functional constituencies.Less
Geographic constituencies refer to a natural institutional arrangement in an agrarian society where economic self-sufficiency is the norm. Yet, geographic constituencies have self-preservation powers which prevent further changes once they are constituted. The divisiveness and occasional paralysis in policy making found in contemporary industrial democracies are to some extent the outcomes of geographically constituted elections. The debate over political freedom in Hong Kong is largely reduced to whether and how the chief executive and the legislature should be elected through universal suffrage. This, to the author, is a limited and distorted perspective of how political freedoms should be constituted in Hong Kong. The author also suggests an approach which grants every qualified resident in Hong Kong two votes, with one vote being cast through geographic constituencies and the other through functional constituencies.
Tobias Brosch and David Sander
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- December 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198716600
- eISBN:
- 9780191807572
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716600.003.0019
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Ever since the days of Plato, scholars have been trying to understand value. Today the investigation of value is central to many disciplines studying human thinking, feeling, and behavior, such as ...
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Ever since the days of Plato, scholars have been trying to understand value. Today the investigation of value is central to many disciplines studying human thinking, feeling, and behavior, such as economics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology, or sociology. While these disciplines are interested in value, they use different definitions and focus on different aspects of the phenomenon. The aim of this volume is to bring together the different perspectives and to contribute to an interdisciplinary dialogue by providing a common reference point that may serve as a resource for integration and cross-fertilization. This final chapter looks back at the contributions assembled in this volume and highlights some of the important themes that have emerged.Less
Ever since the days of Plato, scholars have been trying to understand value. Today the investigation of value is central to many disciplines studying human thinking, feeling, and behavior, such as economics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology, or sociology. While these disciplines are interested in value, they use different definitions and focus on different aspects of the phenomenon. The aim of this volume is to bring together the different perspectives and to contribute to an interdisciplinary dialogue by providing a common reference point that may serve as a resource for integration and cross-fertilization. This final chapter looks back at the contributions assembled in this volume and highlights some of the important themes that have emerged.
Lisa Spiro
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816677948
- eISBN:
- 9781452948379
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677948.003.0003
- Subject:
- Education, Philosophy and Theory of Education
This chapter argues that the digital humanities community must develop a flexible statement of values that it can use to communicate its identity to itself and the general public, guide its ...
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This chapter argues that the digital humanities community must develop a flexible statement of values that it can use to communicate its identity to itself and the general public, guide its priorities, and perhaps heal its divisions. Rather than debating who is in and who is out, the digital humanities community needs to develop a keener sense of what it stands for and what is at stake in its work. Taking an initial step toward this goal, the chapter discusses the rationale for creating a core values statement by drawing on the literature about professional codes; suggests a process for engaging the community in developing a values statement; explores models for and influences on digital humanities values; and analyzes the digital humanities literature to put forward potential values.Less
This chapter argues that the digital humanities community must develop a flexible statement of values that it can use to communicate its identity to itself and the general public, guide its priorities, and perhaps heal its divisions. Rather than debating who is in and who is out, the digital humanities community needs to develop a keener sense of what it stands for and what is at stake in its work. Taking an initial step toward this goal, the chapter discusses the rationale for creating a core values statement by drawing on the literature about professional codes; suggests a process for engaging the community in developing a values statement; explores models for and influences on digital humanities values; and analyzes the digital humanities literature to put forward potential values.
Tobias Brosch and David Sander (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- December 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198716600
- eISBN:
- 9780191807572
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716600.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Ever since the days of Plato scholars have been trying to understand value. What is value? Where does it come from? How does it impact our emotions, motivations, choices, and experiences? Value is ...
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Ever since the days of Plato scholars have been trying to understand value. What is value? Where does it come from? How does it impact our emotions, motivations, choices, and experiences? Value is involved in practically every aspect of human life: whether we choose between consumer goods, whether we decide whom to marry or which political candidate to elect, whether we ask ourselves what is morally right, or beautiful, or sacred, value plays a crucial role. Today the investigation of value is central to many academic disciplines studying human thinking, feeling, and decision-making, including economics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology, and sociology. This volume brings together original contributions from the different disciplines involved in value research, addressing conceptual issues such as definitions of value, types and taxonomies of value, the cognitive and neurological mechanisms underlying value computation, inter-individual and intercultural value differences, the role of value in emotion, and the impact of value on choices and behaviors in different domains. The volume thus contributes to an interdisciplinary dialogue by providing a common reference point that may serve as a resource for integration and cross-fertilization. At the same time, the volume provides an overview of the academic state of the art for readers who want to understand the determinants of value.Less
Ever since the days of Plato scholars have been trying to understand value. What is value? Where does it come from? How does it impact our emotions, motivations, choices, and experiences? Value is involved in practically every aspect of human life: whether we choose between consumer goods, whether we decide whom to marry or which political candidate to elect, whether we ask ourselves what is morally right, or beautiful, or sacred, value plays a crucial role. Today the investigation of value is central to many academic disciplines studying human thinking, feeling, and decision-making, including economics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology, and sociology. This volume brings together original contributions from the different disciplines involved in value research, addressing conceptual issues such as definitions of value, types and taxonomies of value, the cognitive and neurological mechanisms underlying value computation, inter-individual and intercultural value differences, the role of value in emotion, and the impact of value on choices and behaviors in different domains. The volume thus contributes to an interdisciplinary dialogue by providing a common reference point that may serve as a resource for integration and cross-fertilization. At the same time, the volume provides an overview of the academic state of the art for readers who want to understand the determinants of value.
Peter Frumkin (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226266268
- eISBN:
- 9780226266282
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226266282.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on strategic giving. It considers core value proposition as a critical element of strategic giving and clarifies the concepts of the key elements ...
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This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on strategic giving. It considers core value proposition as a critical element of strategic giving and clarifies the concepts of the key elements of the philanthropic prism. This chapter argues that though philanthropy may not always be directed toward popular causes or groups that embrace broadly held beliefs, it is the very act of trying to act on behalf of the public interest that has the most significance. It also contends that philanthropy has a vital role to play as an independent actor in society, acting not simply based on what government defines as public needs, but in its own autonomous way.Less
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on strategic giving. It considers core value proposition as a critical element of strategic giving and clarifies the concepts of the key elements of the philanthropic prism. This chapter argues that though philanthropy may not always be directed toward popular causes or groups that embrace broadly held beliefs, it is the very act of trying to act on behalf of the public interest that has the most significance. It also contends that philanthropy has a vital role to play as an independent actor in society, acting not simply based on what government defines as public needs, but in its own autonomous way.
Robbie Davis-Floyd
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520229327
- eISBN:
- 9780520927216
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520229327.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
Why do so many American women allow themselves to become enmeshed in the standardized routines of technocratic childbirth—routines that can be insensitive, unnecessary, and even unhealthy? This book ...
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Why do so many American women allow themselves to become enmeshed in the standardized routines of technocratic childbirth—routines that can be insensitive, unnecessary, and even unhealthy? This book is a second edition of the text. The new preface in this edition makes it clear that the issues surrounding childbirth remain as controversial as ever. The book analyzes the technocratic method of birth, its cultural variations and alternatives, and obstetric training and women's experiences in Western culture. It covers ritual and how it is used in obstetrics, and compares the technocratic and holistic paradigms of childbirth. The book demonstrates the linkages between American core values concerning technology and expertise, and prevailing obstetrical practices.Less
Why do so many American women allow themselves to become enmeshed in the standardized routines of technocratic childbirth—routines that can be insensitive, unnecessary, and even unhealthy? This book is a second edition of the text. The new preface in this edition makes it clear that the issues surrounding childbirth remain as controversial as ever. The book analyzes the technocratic method of birth, its cultural variations and alternatives, and obstetric training and women's experiences in Western culture. It covers ritual and how it is used in obstetrics, and compares the technocratic and holistic paradigms of childbirth. The book demonstrates the linkages between American core values concerning technology and expertise, and prevailing obstetrical practices.
María Nieves Zedeño
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813042428
- eISBN:
- 9780813043074
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813042428.003.0008
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
The decade of the 1880s marks the end of the Plains communal bison hunting. Taking Carole Crumley's “core values” in historical ecology as an organizing concept, this chapter examines the ecological, ...
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The decade of the 1880s marks the end of the Plains communal bison hunting. Taking Carole Crumley's “core values” in historical ecology as an organizing concept, this chapter examines the ecological, economic, social, political, and ritual conditions under which a Plains Indian society coped with sudden and devastating territorial circumscription, repression, and environmental change by modifying their relationship with the landscape within acceptable cultural parameters. Among the Montana Blackfeet, resilience was achieved largely through the development of a post-bison hunting complex that preserved ancient core values while allowing rapid shifts to intensive high-elevation hunting of ungulates, change in the size and composition of hunting groups and hunters’ social networks, and adjustment of traditional religious views and practices to new hunting conditions.Less
The decade of the 1880s marks the end of the Plains communal bison hunting. Taking Carole Crumley's “core values” in historical ecology as an organizing concept, this chapter examines the ecological, economic, social, political, and ritual conditions under which a Plains Indian society coped with sudden and devastating territorial circumscription, repression, and environmental change by modifying their relationship with the landscape within acceptable cultural parameters. Among the Montana Blackfeet, resilience was achieved largely through the development of a post-bison hunting complex that preserved ancient core values while allowing rapid shifts to intensive high-elevation hunting of ungulates, change in the size and composition of hunting groups and hunters’ social networks, and adjustment of traditional religious views and practices to new hunting conditions.
Lawrence A. Cunningham
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231170048
- eISBN:
- 9780231538695
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170048.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter discusses Berkshire Hathaway’s corporate culture. Corporate culture is defined by a set of shared beliefs, practices, and outlooks that determine a corporation’s expectations and ...
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This chapter discusses Berkshire Hathaway’s corporate culture. Corporate culture is defined by a set of shared beliefs, practices, and outlooks that determine a corporation’s expectations and influence the behavior of its personnel toward colleagues, customers, and owners alike. The tone is set at the top and percolates throughout the organization through daily decisions, challenges, and crises. The values of a company are at the core of its culture, as they establish the standards to achieve its goals. At Berkshire, these values first began to take shape from the acquisition criteria Buffett established to identify potential subsidiaries: proven profitability, good unleveraged returns on equity, management in place, basic businesses, and a fair price. Another formal expression of Berkshire’s tone that helped shape its values is a set of owner-related business principles that define how Berkshire and its subsidiaries relate to its shareholders and other constituents. It is an impressive list of fifteen principles that Berkshire’s chief executive lives by. Examples include conceiving of the organization as a partnership despite using the corporate form, minimizing the use of borrowed money, assessing whether to reinvest earnings or pay dividends based on whether a dollar reinvested will increase shareholder value by at least as much, and holding subsidiaries forever.Less
This chapter discusses Berkshire Hathaway’s corporate culture. Corporate culture is defined by a set of shared beliefs, practices, and outlooks that determine a corporation’s expectations and influence the behavior of its personnel toward colleagues, customers, and owners alike. The tone is set at the top and percolates throughout the organization through daily decisions, challenges, and crises. The values of a company are at the core of its culture, as they establish the standards to achieve its goals. At Berkshire, these values first began to take shape from the acquisition criteria Buffett established to identify potential subsidiaries: proven profitability, good unleveraged returns on equity, management in place, basic businesses, and a fair price. Another formal expression of Berkshire’s tone that helped shape its values is a set of owner-related business principles that define how Berkshire and its subsidiaries relate to its shareholders and other constituents. It is an impressive list of fifteen principles that Berkshire’s chief executive lives by. Examples include conceiving of the organization as a partnership despite using the corporate form, minimizing the use of borrowed money, assessing whether to reinvest earnings or pay dividends based on whether a dollar reinvested will increase shareholder value by at least as much, and holding subsidiaries forever.
A. C. L. Davies
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198299486
- eISBN:
- 9780191685712
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299486.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter starts the process of developing a framework of public law norms for internal contracts by setting out a policy to guide that development. It proposes that governments can be viewed as ...
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This chapter starts the process of developing a framework of public law norms for internal contracts by setting out a policy to guide that development. It proposes that governments can be viewed as mechanisms of accountability, particularly from provider to purchaser. Thus, a task for regulation is to set norms which would help make that accountability process fair and effective. It argues that for effective policy implementation three criteria are needed: accountability is a fundamental value in a democracy, and therefore politically acceptable; internal contracts can be interpreted as mechanisms of accountability; and the idea of a fair and effective mechanism of accountability is a fruitful source of norms. The chapter concludes that the promotion of accountability as a guiding policy is appealing because it is a core value in the public sector.Less
This chapter starts the process of developing a framework of public law norms for internal contracts by setting out a policy to guide that development. It proposes that governments can be viewed as mechanisms of accountability, particularly from provider to purchaser. Thus, a task for regulation is to set norms which would help make that accountability process fair and effective. It argues that for effective policy implementation three criteria are needed: accountability is a fundamental value in a democracy, and therefore politically acceptable; internal contracts can be interpreted as mechanisms of accountability; and the idea of a fair and effective mechanism of accountability is a fruitful source of norms. The chapter concludes that the promotion of accountability as a guiding policy is appealing because it is a core value in the public sector.
Michael Foley
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199685936
- eISBN:
- 9780191765810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685936.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Political leadership is often presented as a top-down and agency-driven process but as this chapter shows, leadership is a relational dynamic that has to include followers to be a viable enterprise. ...
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Political leadership is often presented as a top-down and agency-driven process but as this chapter shows, leadership is a relational dynamic that has to include followers to be a viable enterprise. Leader–follower engagement is revealed as a complex and variable interdependency that raises significant methodological, conceptual, and theoretical issues. The chapter examines and appraises different types of ‘followership’ ranging from interpersonal forms of bargaining and negotiated compliance through to the more multilayered relationships involving the cultivation of cooperation via core values, emotional ties, and common identities. It also considers the influence of psychological conditioning (e.g. charisma) and the dynamics of social psychology (e.g. ‘groupthink’) before going on to consider the more extreme forms of internalized submissiveness associated with the ‘authoritarian character’.Less
Political leadership is often presented as a top-down and agency-driven process but as this chapter shows, leadership is a relational dynamic that has to include followers to be a viable enterprise. Leader–follower engagement is revealed as a complex and variable interdependency that raises significant methodological, conceptual, and theoretical issues. The chapter examines and appraises different types of ‘followership’ ranging from interpersonal forms of bargaining and negotiated compliance through to the more multilayered relationships involving the cultivation of cooperation via core values, emotional ties, and common identities. It also considers the influence of psychological conditioning (e.g. charisma) and the dynamics of social psychology (e.g. ‘groupthink’) before going on to consider the more extreme forms of internalized submissiveness associated with the ‘authoritarian character’.
Nancy Feyl Chavkin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190642129
- eISBN:
- 9780190642150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190642129.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Communities and Organizations
“Connecting with Families: First Steps” focuses on both the “why” and the “how” of connecting with families. Connecting is the first step of the 3 C’s approach. It is critical that schools build ...
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“Connecting with Families: First Steps” focuses on both the “why” and the “how” of connecting with families. Connecting is the first step of the 3 C’s approach. It is critical that schools build trusting relationships with families, and there is an important role for school social workers in this effort. The chapter provides examples of best practices for building these relationships through connections. It is essential to address differences because family engagement initiatives are complex. Families are different; communities are different; schools are different. No one approach will work for every partnership. There will be challenges, but challenges can be overcome if you build trusting relationships, use the strengths perspective, and keep focused on the core values of family engagement. The chapter concludes with a case vignette and examples.Less
“Connecting with Families: First Steps” focuses on both the “why” and the “how” of connecting with families. Connecting is the first step of the 3 C’s approach. It is critical that schools build trusting relationships with families, and there is an important role for school social workers in this effort. The chapter provides examples of best practices for building these relationships through connections. It is essential to address differences because family engagement initiatives are complex. Families are different; communities are different; schools are different. No one approach will work for every partnership. There will be challenges, but challenges can be overcome if you build trusting relationships, use the strengths perspective, and keep focused on the core values of family engagement. The chapter concludes with a case vignette and examples.
Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198714965
- eISBN:
- 9780191783135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198714965.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Public International Law
The chapter provides an overview of Böckenförde’s biography as a scholar of law and history, a judge on the federal constitutional court, and a public intellectual. It depicts Böckenförde’s scholarly ...
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The chapter provides an overview of Böckenförde’s biography as a scholar of law and history, a judge on the federal constitutional court, and a public intellectual. It depicts Böckenförde’s scholarly life as a professor of law, establishing one of Germany’s leading journals Der Staat; presents his work as a constitutional judge from 1983 to 1996; and highlights how as a public intellectual he was engaged in, and sometimes initiated, public debates over a period of five decades. It is shown that Böckenförde’s work in the field of constitutional and political theory combines the perspective of a jurist interested in dogmatic–systematic criteria for the interpretation of fundamental rights with the perspective of a historian and humanist concerned with the historical embeddedness and genealogy of concepts. Böckenförde is portrayed as a highly independent thinker; a liberal interpreter of Carl Schmitt, inspired by Hermann Heller, a social democrat, and a committed Catholic.Less
The chapter provides an overview of Böckenförde’s biography as a scholar of law and history, a judge on the federal constitutional court, and a public intellectual. It depicts Böckenförde’s scholarly life as a professor of law, establishing one of Germany’s leading journals Der Staat; presents his work as a constitutional judge from 1983 to 1996; and highlights how as a public intellectual he was engaged in, and sometimes initiated, public debates over a period of five decades. It is shown that Böckenförde’s work in the field of constitutional and political theory combines the perspective of a jurist interested in dogmatic–systematic criteria for the interpretation of fundamental rights with the perspective of a historian and humanist concerned with the historical embeddedness and genealogy of concepts. Böckenförde is portrayed as a highly independent thinker; a liberal interpreter of Carl Schmitt, inspired by Hermann Heller, a social democrat, and a committed Catholic.
Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198714965
- eISBN:
- 9780191783135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198714965.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Public International Law
Böckenförde wrote this article in July 1978 under the impression of the ‘German Autumn’ of 1977, a row of terrorist activities by the Red Army Faction (RAF), and the Grundwertedebatte (debate on core ...
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Böckenförde wrote this article in July 1978 under the impression of the ‘German Autumn’ of 1977, a row of terrorist activities by the Red Army Faction (RAF), and the Grundwertedebatte (debate on core values) that developed in its course. The question was whether it was the state’s purpose to provide a common ethos, as the Catholic bishops, among other groups, demanded at that time. Böckenförde here argues against this view, emphasizing that working towards a shared ethos was a task for society, and not the state. What the state does need to do, however, is to provide conditions (political, economic, social) in which citizens can work towards their self-realization. In addition, through educational institutions and programmes the state can actively contribute to the creation and consolidation of sentiments of identification and communality among the citizenry, but it must not impose particular worldviews.Less
Böckenförde wrote this article in July 1978 under the impression of the ‘German Autumn’ of 1977, a row of terrorist activities by the Red Army Faction (RAF), and the Grundwertedebatte (debate on core values) that developed in its course. The question was whether it was the state’s purpose to provide a common ethos, as the Catholic bishops, among other groups, demanded at that time. Böckenförde here argues against this view, emphasizing that working towards a shared ethos was a task for society, and not the state. What the state does need to do, however, is to provide conditions (political, economic, social) in which citizens can work towards their self-realization. In addition, through educational institutions and programmes the state can actively contribute to the creation and consolidation of sentiments of identification and communality among the citizenry, but it must not impose particular worldviews.
