Michael McKenna
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199740031
- eISBN:
- 9780199918706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740031.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language, General
This concluding chapter presents an in-depth summary of the overall argument presented in the book by reviewing the discussions of the previous chapters. It reiterates that there are various senses ...
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This concluding chapter presents an in-depth summary of the overall argument presented in the book by reviewing the discussions of the previous chapters. It reiterates that there are various senses of responsibility and moral responsibility and reviews the theory of moral responsibility. It discusses the development of a theory of moral responsibility that is consistent with various analyses of the relevant control conditions, and takes a look at the topic of punishment. Next, the discussion emphasizes the interpersonal nature of moral responsibility and briefly studies the conversational theory of moral responsibility.Less
This concluding chapter presents an in-depth summary of the overall argument presented in the book by reviewing the discussions of the previous chapters. It reiterates that there are various senses of responsibility and moral responsibility and reviews the theory of moral responsibility. It discusses the development of a theory of moral responsibility that is consistent with various analyses of the relevant control conditions, and takes a look at the topic of punishment. Next, the discussion emphasizes the interpersonal nature of moral responsibility and briefly studies the conversational theory of moral responsibility.
Jules Holroyd and Daniel Kelly
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198746812
- eISBN:
- 9780191809088
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198746812.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Are implicit biases under an agent’s control, and attributable to her as part of her character? A number of theorists have argued that individuals do not have control, in the relevant sense, over the ...
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Are implicit biases under an agent’s control, and attributable to her as part of her character? A number of theorists have argued that individuals do not have control, in the relevant sense, over the operation of implicit bias. This paper first argues that this is mistaken; these views do not delineate the relevant sense of control. Accordingly, lack of control in these senses does not exempt the agent’s implicit biases from being a target of character-based evaluation. The paper then articulates and develops a notion of control that individuals have with respect to implicit bias. It argues that this kind of control—ecological control—can ground character-based evaluation of such behavioural dispositions. This conception of control helps to fine-tune prescriptions for programmes of character development.Less
Are implicit biases under an agent’s control, and attributable to her as part of her character? A number of theorists have argued that individuals do not have control, in the relevant sense, over the operation of implicit bias. This paper first argues that this is mistaken; these views do not delineate the relevant sense of control. Accordingly, lack of control in these senses does not exempt the agent’s implicit biases from being a target of character-based evaluation. The paper then articulates and develops a notion of control that individuals have with respect to implicit bias. It argues that this kind of control—ecological control—can ground character-based evaluation of such behavioural dispositions. This conception of control helps to fine-tune prescriptions for programmes of character development.
Richard E. Passingham and James B. Rowe
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198709138
- eISBN:
- 9780191815270
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198709138.003.0003
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Development
Having recorded a signal, it is necessary to interpret its functional significance. The way in which this is done is to relate the signal to a psychological condition. As in other branches of ...
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Having recorded a signal, it is necessary to interpret its functional significance. The way in which this is done is to relate the signal to a psychological condition. As in other branches of science, an experimental condition is contrasted with a control condition. The interpretation is clearest when these differ in just one respect, though this can be difficult to achieve. Standard statistics are used to evaluate the significance of the difference. However, the analysis of imaging data can be onerous and many methods have been developed to avoid false-positive and false-negative results. These include robust correction for the number of statistical comparisons that are made, as the image is made up of thousands of voxels across many regions. Researchers also use targeted region-of-interest analysis; in this case the region must be specified beforehand. One must also study enough subjects: if small groups are used, the study may be underpowered.Less
Having recorded a signal, it is necessary to interpret its functional significance. The way in which this is done is to relate the signal to a psychological condition. As in other branches of science, an experimental condition is contrasted with a control condition. The interpretation is clearest when these differ in just one respect, though this can be difficult to achieve. Standard statistics are used to evaluate the significance of the difference. However, the analysis of imaging data can be onerous and many methods have been developed to avoid false-positive and false-negative results. These include robust correction for the number of statistical comparisons that are made, as the image is made up of thousands of voxels across many regions. Researchers also use targeted region-of-interest analysis; in this case the region must be specified beforehand. One must also study enough subjects: if small groups are used, the study may be underpowered.
