Sanjeer Alam
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198076940
- eISBN:
- 9780199080946
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198076940.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
The debate over educational disparities across religious communities in India, especially those concerning the Muslims, is as old as the history of the modern education system in the country. This ...
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The debate over educational disparities across religious communities in India, especially those concerning the Muslims, is as old as the history of the modern education system in the country. This debate has yielded several explanations for educational backwardness among the Muslims which evoke a supposedly low value placed on modern education by Islamic theology, the status of Indian Muslims as a minority, and invidious discrimination against the Muslims in India. Largely cast in a polemical and impressionistic mode, this debate has long awaited empirical underpinnings. The recent upsurge in empirical studies on the topic requires an explanatory frame that admits of precision and complexity. Despite the renewed interest in this subject following the Sachar Committee Report, considerable knowledge gaps continue to exist in our understanding of the dynamics between religion and access to education. The present work brings to fore the spatially contextualized historical trajectories that have shaped educational development and various forms of disparities therein. It argues that religious communities, such as the Muslims, have to be seen as spatially and economically differentiated across regions rather than as homogeneous socio-cultural aggregates. This argument draws upon disaggregation of national-level secondary data and is supplemented by a primary fieldwork-based comparison of the educational status of Muslims in Patna and Purnia districts of Bihar. The relative educational backwardness of the Muslim community is thus seen to have underlying spatial and class patterns that are often overlooked.Less
The debate over educational disparities across religious communities in India, especially those concerning the Muslims, is as old as the history of the modern education system in the country. This debate has yielded several explanations for educational backwardness among the Muslims which evoke a supposedly low value placed on modern education by Islamic theology, the status of Indian Muslims as a minority, and invidious discrimination against the Muslims in India. Largely cast in a polemical and impressionistic mode, this debate has long awaited empirical underpinnings. The recent upsurge in empirical studies on the topic requires an explanatory frame that admits of precision and complexity. Despite the renewed interest in this subject following the Sachar Committee Report, considerable knowledge gaps continue to exist in our understanding of the dynamics between religion and access to education. The present work brings to fore the spatially contextualized historical trajectories that have shaped educational development and various forms of disparities therein. It argues that religious communities, such as the Muslims, have to be seen as spatially and economically differentiated across regions rather than as homogeneous socio-cultural aggregates. This argument draws upon disaggregation of national-level secondary data and is supplemented by a primary fieldwork-based comparison of the educational status of Muslims in Patna and Purnia districts of Bihar. The relative educational backwardness of the Muslim community is thus seen to have underlying spatial and class patterns that are often overlooked.
G. E. R. Lloyd
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199567874
- eISBN:
- 9780191721649
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567874.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
How far is the category of ‘art’ applicable cross-culturally? Both self-styled connoisseurs and some artists themselves often claim particular expertise in judging artistic productions, though both ...
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How far is the category of ‘art’ applicable cross-culturally? Both self-styled connoisseurs and some artists themselves often claim particular expertise in judging artistic productions, though both may be influenced by extraneous factors, such as commercial value. The functions an art object may serve the skill of those who produced it, and the symbolic felicity of their work all have to be taken into account and judgements contextualized to the values of the society in question. Taking examples from Western and Chinese art, Maori art, Kitawan sculpture, body-painting, and dance, this chapter argues that while what fits notions of the beautiful often differs profoundly between different groups, some distinctions between what is aesthetically pleasing and what is not provide a bridgehead for comparison. Elites often bid to control taste, but innovation is stimulated by competitiveness between artists and between their patrons.Less
How far is the category of ‘art’ applicable cross-culturally? Both self-styled connoisseurs and some artists themselves often claim particular expertise in judging artistic productions, though both may be influenced by extraneous factors, such as commercial value. The functions an art object may serve the skill of those who produced it, and the symbolic felicity of their work all have to be taken into account and judgements contextualized to the values of the society in question. Taking examples from Western and Chinese art, Maori art, Kitawan sculpture, body-painting, and dance, this chapter argues that while what fits notions of the beautiful often differs profoundly between different groups, some distinctions between what is aesthetically pleasing and what is not provide a bridgehead for comparison. Elites often bid to control taste, but innovation is stimulated by competitiveness between artists and between their patrons.
Michael Bergunder
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195393408
- eISBN:
- 9780199894390
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393408.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter argues that missionary success of the South Indian pentecostal movement in church planting is largely attributable to claims of miracle healing and exorcism, practices that exhibit ...
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This chapter argues that missionary success of the South Indian pentecostal movement in church planting is largely attributable to claims of miracle healing and exorcism, practices that exhibit phenomenological parallels to popular Hinduism and reflect the contextualization of Christianity. Belief in evil spirits is widespread among Christians, and pentecostals borrow demonology and etiologies of disease and misfortune from folk religiosity. Pentecostal pastors and evangelists, many of whom are ethnically Tamil, compete with Hindu Mantiravātis, or exorcists, and gurus believed to be avatāras, or divine incarnations. Key leaders include D. G. S. Dhinakaran (1935–2008). Unspectacular healing prayer occurs daily apart from big evangelistic rallies, and church growth also occurs through lay outreach to family, neighbors, and coworkers, and by pastoral care and institution-building. Modern medicine is not rejected as contrary to “faith” (except by the Ceylon Pentecostal Mission), but neither is it widely available or viewed as unquestionably authoritative.Less
This chapter argues that missionary success of the South Indian pentecostal movement in church planting is largely attributable to claims of miracle healing and exorcism, practices that exhibit phenomenological parallels to popular Hinduism and reflect the contextualization of Christianity. Belief in evil spirits is widespread among Christians, and pentecostals borrow demonology and etiologies of disease and misfortune from folk religiosity. Pentecostal pastors and evangelists, many of whom are ethnically Tamil, compete with Hindu Mantiravātis, or exorcists, and gurus believed to be avatāras, or divine incarnations. Key leaders include D. G. S. Dhinakaran (1935–2008). Unspectacular healing prayer occurs daily apart from big evangelistic rallies, and church growth also occurs through lay outreach to family, neighbors, and coworkers, and by pastoral care and institution-building. Modern medicine is not rejected as contrary to “faith” (except by the Ceylon Pentecostal Mission), but neither is it widely available or viewed as unquestionably authoritative.
Henk Nellen
Dirk van Miert, Piet Steenbakkers, and Jetze Touber (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198806837
- eISBN:
- 9780191844379
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198806837.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Did innovative textual analysis reshape the relations between Christian believers and their churches in early modern confessional states? This volume explores the hypothesis that in the long ...
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Did innovative textual analysis reshape the relations between Christian believers and their churches in early modern confessional states? This volume explores the hypothesis that in the long seventeenth century humanist-inspired biblical criticism contributed significantly to the decline of ecclesiastical truth claims. Historiography pictures this era as one in which the dominant position of religion and church began to show signs of erosion under the influence of vehement debates on the sacrosanct status of the Bible. Until quite recently, this gradual but decisive shift has been attributed to the rise of the sciences, in particular astronomy and physics. This book looks at biblical criticism as, on the one hand, an innovative force and, on the other, the outcome of developments in philology that had started much earlier than scientific experimentalism or the New Philosophy. Scholars began to situate the Bible in its historical context. The seventeen chapters show that even in the hands of pious, orthodox scholars philological research not only failed to solve all the textual problems that had surfaced, but even brought to light countless new incongruities. This supplied those who sought to play down the authority of the Bible with ammunition. The conviction that God’s Word had been preserved as a pure and sacred source gave way to an awareness of a complicated transmission in a plurality of divergent, ambiguous, historically determined and heavily corrupted texts. This shift took place primarily in the Dutch Protestant world of the seventeenth century.Less
Did innovative textual analysis reshape the relations between Christian believers and their churches in early modern confessional states? This volume explores the hypothesis that in the long seventeenth century humanist-inspired biblical criticism contributed significantly to the decline of ecclesiastical truth claims. Historiography pictures this era as one in which the dominant position of religion and church began to show signs of erosion under the influence of vehement debates on the sacrosanct status of the Bible. Until quite recently, this gradual but decisive shift has been attributed to the rise of the sciences, in particular astronomy and physics. This book looks at biblical criticism as, on the one hand, an innovative force and, on the other, the outcome of developments in philology that had started much earlier than scientific experimentalism or the New Philosophy. Scholars began to situate the Bible in its historical context. The seventeen chapters show that even in the hands of pious, orthodox scholars philological research not only failed to solve all the textual problems that had surfaced, but even brought to light countless new incongruities. This supplied those who sought to play down the authority of the Bible with ammunition. The conviction that God’s Word had been preserved as a pure and sacred source gave way to an awareness of a complicated transmission in a plurality of divergent, ambiguous, historically determined and heavily corrupted texts. This shift took place primarily in the Dutch Protestant world of the seventeenth century.
Are Holen
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780824855680
- eISBN:
- 9780824873028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824855680.003.0012
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
The first big wave of scientific research on meditation came in the 1970s and mainly focused on the physiology of relaxation. The second wave, which is still ongoing, has a stronger focus on modes of ...
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The first big wave of scientific research on meditation came in the 1970s and mainly focused on the physiology of relaxation. The second wave, which is still ongoing, has a stronger focus on modes of attention and their neural correlates. In both waves of meditation research, Anglo-American scientists have dominated the arena, but the kinds of meditation investigated have almost exclusively been of Asian origin. This essay argues that the shifting focus of scientific studies is not only determined by the available scientific methodology, but also by the form of meditation under investigation, as well as the influence from society and popular culture.Less
The first big wave of scientific research on meditation came in the 1970s and mainly focused on the physiology of relaxation. The second wave, which is still ongoing, has a stronger focus on modes of attention and their neural correlates. In both waves of meditation research, Anglo-American scientists have dominated the arena, but the kinds of meditation investigated have almost exclusively been of Asian origin. This essay argues that the shifting focus of scientific studies is not only determined by the available scientific methodology, but also by the form of meditation under investigation, as well as the influence from society and popular culture.
Anh Q. Tran
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190677602
- eISBN:
- 9780190677633
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190677602.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
What has been done is a preliminary attempt to enter into the world of Vietnamese traditional religions through an analysis of a particular Christian text. This study has explored the issues arising ...
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What has been done is a preliminary attempt to enter into the world of Vietnamese traditional religions through an analysis of a particular Christian text. This study has explored the issues arising from a Christian encounter with Vietnamese culture and religions. What the author claims about the “errors” of the traditional religions of Vietnam reveals more about his view than about the actual beliefs and practices of the adherents of the Three Religions. Despite his limitations, it is possible to test the accuracy of the accounts through a cross-examination of available Chinese and Vietnamese sources. Every recovered bit of information, when used with care, becomes significant in the quest for a more well-rounded understanding of Vietnam’s past.Less
What has been done is a preliminary attempt to enter into the world of Vietnamese traditional religions through an analysis of a particular Christian text. This study has explored the issues arising from a Christian encounter with Vietnamese culture and religions. What the author claims about the “errors” of the traditional religions of Vietnam reveals more about his view than about the actual beliefs and practices of the adherents of the Three Religions. Despite his limitations, it is possible to test the accuracy of the accounts through a cross-examination of available Chinese and Vietnamese sources. Every recovered bit of information, when used with care, becomes significant in the quest for a more well-rounded understanding of Vietnam’s past.
Joseph W. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199765676
- eISBN:
- 9780199315871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765676.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The epilogue situates the changes in pentecostal and charismatic healing in the United States in the broader context of global pentecostalism. While the twentieth- and early-twenty-first-century ...
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The epilogue situates the changes in pentecostal and charismatic healing in the United States in the broader context of global pentecostalism. While the twentieth- and early-twenty-first-century changes in adherents' healing practices in the United States mirrored the type of contextualization that occurred around the globe, they also introduced a significant deference to the authority of medical science and alternative medicine that was quite foreign both to early pentecostalism and to manifestations of the pentecostal-charismatic movement worldwide (and especially in the global South). In the end, the changing healing practices of believers and the turn to metaphysical healing paradigms involved much more than just healing the body; they also pointed to a very deliberate effort to heal the rifts between adherents' faith and the expectations of the surrounding culture, and to mitigate apparent conflicts between religion and science.Less
The epilogue situates the changes in pentecostal and charismatic healing in the United States in the broader context of global pentecostalism. While the twentieth- and early-twenty-first-century changes in adherents' healing practices in the United States mirrored the type of contextualization that occurred around the globe, they also introduced a significant deference to the authority of medical science and alternative medicine that was quite foreign both to early pentecostalism and to manifestations of the pentecostal-charismatic movement worldwide (and especially in the global South). In the end, the changing healing practices of believers and the turn to metaphysical healing paradigms involved much more than just healing the body; they also pointed to a very deliberate effort to heal the rifts between adherents' faith and the expectations of the surrounding culture, and to mitigate apparent conflicts between religion and science.
Bartholomew Dean
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033785
- eISBN:
- 9780813038384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033785.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter discusses an introduction to the Chambira Basin, which is the ancestral “homelands” of the Urarina, the so-called people from downstream. It presents geographical and ecological ...
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This chapter discusses an introduction to the Chambira Basin, which is the ancestral “homelands” of the Urarina, the so-called people from downstream. It presents geographical and ecological contextualizations, which are followed by a summary of the major contours of Urarina social organization and a characterization of the daily rounds of communal life. It also addresses the formation of regional and ethnic identities by attending to the importance of the ribereño cultural identities.Less
This chapter discusses an introduction to the Chambira Basin, which is the ancestral “homelands” of the Urarina, the so-called people from downstream. It presents geographical and ecological contextualizations, which are followed by a summary of the major contours of Urarina social organization and a characterization of the daily rounds of communal life. It also addresses the formation of regional and ethnic identities by attending to the importance of the ribereño cultural identities.
Garth Fowden
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520236653
- eISBN:
- 9780520929609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520236653.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter bridges the gap between the iconographical studies and the hoped-for historical conclusions by examining those aspects of the monument that can not just show the identity and ideas of ...
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This chapter bridges the gap between the iconographical studies and the hoped-for historical conclusions by examining those aspects of the monument that can not just show the identity and ideas of the patron, but also the social and intellectual milieu in which that patron lived and sought to communicate with his fellow men. Two very different but equally suggestive paintings are explored. The chapter addresses the linguistic environment and other comparable structures. Study of Quṣayr 'Amra's use of texts and labels in the Arabic and Greek languages offers hope of a more explicit approach to the problem of cultural contextualization. The chapter moves on beyond the venues of contextualization suggested by the frescoes and the texts inscribed upon them, to consider the problem from the perspective of the whole site. The typical Syrian or Jordanian qaQuṣr served primarily as the residence of a prosperous man, and his family, retainers, and fighters.Less
This chapter bridges the gap between the iconographical studies and the hoped-for historical conclusions by examining those aspects of the monument that can not just show the identity and ideas of the patron, but also the social and intellectual milieu in which that patron lived and sought to communicate with his fellow men. Two very different but equally suggestive paintings are explored. The chapter addresses the linguistic environment and other comparable structures. Study of Quṣayr 'Amra's use of texts and labels in the Arabic and Greek languages offers hope of a more explicit approach to the problem of cultural contextualization. The chapter moves on beyond the venues of contextualization suggested by the frescoes and the texts inscribed upon them, to consider the problem from the perspective of the whole site. The typical Syrian or Jordanian qaQuṣr served primarily as the residence of a prosperous man, and his family, retainers, and fighters.
Robert S. Heaney
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199643011
- eISBN:
- 9780191840111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199643011.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Theological and ecclesiological consolidation between 1900 and 1948 created the conditions for apartheid. This led to a period between 1948 and 1989 that witnessed some Anglican complicity with ...
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Theological and ecclesiological consolidation between 1900 and 1948 created the conditions for apartheid. This led to a period between 1948 and 1989 that witnessed some Anglican complicity with apartheid but saw a Church largely in resistance against it, not least through black theology. The year 1990 ushered in a decade where the Church had to move from a posture of resistance to one of critical solidarity by providing vision for nation-building. Reconciliation, Africanization, and combating poverty were priorities for a Church serving a nation reborn. Much can be learned here as Anglicans continue to struggle with consolidating identity, resisting injustice, and building practices for life-giving Communion.Less
Theological and ecclesiological consolidation between 1900 and 1948 created the conditions for apartheid. This led to a period between 1948 and 1989 that witnessed some Anglican complicity with apartheid but saw a Church largely in resistance against it, not least through black theology. The year 1990 ushered in a decade where the Church had to move from a posture of resistance to one of critical solidarity by providing vision for nation-building. Reconciliation, Africanization, and combating poverty were priorities for a Church serving a nation reborn. Much can be learned here as Anglicans continue to struggle with consolidating identity, resisting injustice, and building practices for life-giving Communion.
Sue Dopson and Ninna Meier
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198805304
- eISBN:
- 9780191843419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198805304.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
The purpose of this book is to provide an exploration of the role of context and action in the broader field of organization and management theory, illustrated by examples from health care research. ...
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The purpose of this book is to provide an exploration of the role of context and action in the broader field of organization and management theory, illustrated by examples from health care research. In their own right, both context and action are essential theoretical concepts rooted in philosophical reflections. Moreover, they pose potential methodological challenges to research in the fields of organization and management. The context–action relationship deals with issues relating to questions such as what is organizational change and how can we study it empirically? How are macro- and microlevel events or actions connected, and how do they influence and co-constitute each other through their relationships across analytical levels? The book distinguishes between context as a theoretical construct, on the one hand, and as methodological approach (i.e., how we operationalize and use the concept in the research process) on the other.Less
The purpose of this book is to provide an exploration of the role of context and action in the broader field of organization and management theory, illustrated by examples from health care research. In their own right, both context and action are essential theoretical concepts rooted in philosophical reflections. Moreover, they pose potential methodological challenges to research in the fields of organization and management. The context–action relationship deals with issues relating to questions such as what is organizational change and how can we study it empirically? How are macro- and microlevel events or actions connected, and how do they influence and co-constitute each other through their relationships across analytical levels? The book distinguishes between context as a theoretical construct, on the one hand, and as methodological approach (i.e., how we operationalize and use the concept in the research process) on the other.
Sara Le Menestrel
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628461459
- eISBN:
- 9781626740785
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461459.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter introduces French Louisiana cultural and musical landscape. It contextualizes Creole and Cajun identities throughout Louisiana history up to the present and gives a brief description of ...
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This chapter introduces French Louisiana cultural and musical landscape. It contextualizes Creole and Cajun identities throughout Louisiana history up to the present and gives a brief description of current musical categories. This chapter also explains the subject of the book, the approach that was adopted, and situates them within the existent literature on music. It also explores the concept of creolization and explains why it will not be used as an analytical tool but rather, as a vernacular category. Finally, the chapter presents the research methodology, including the ethnographic techniques involved and the importance of introspection.Less
This chapter introduces French Louisiana cultural and musical landscape. It contextualizes Creole and Cajun identities throughout Louisiana history up to the present and gives a brief description of current musical categories. This chapter also explains the subject of the book, the approach that was adopted, and situates them within the existent literature on music. It also explores the concept of creolization and explains why it will not be used as an analytical tool but rather, as a vernacular category. Finally, the chapter presents the research methodology, including the ethnographic techniques involved and the importance of introspection.
Marina Terkourafi, Efthymia C. Kapnoula, Penny Panagiotopoulou, and Athanassios Protopapas
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199592746
- eISBN:
- 9780191762765
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592746.003.0031
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology
We outline a corpus-based methodology that builds on Halliday’s framework of systemic functional grammar, in particular his notion of grammatical metaphor, to analyse the semantics of emotion terms, ...
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We outline a corpus-based methodology that builds on Halliday’s framework of systemic functional grammar, in particular his notion of grammatical metaphor, to analyse the semantics of emotion terms, and compare our findings to those of the GRID. We investigate two sets of terms: a) terms deemed to be specific to Greek sociocultural experiences, and b) terms constituting translation equivalents of a single English term. The results of the corpus analysis confirm those of the GRID and add new dimensions to their meaning or reveal additional stylistic and semantic differences between terms. In conclusion, we propose that the two methodologies are complementary and that using them in tandem can significantly enhance the analytical breadth and depth of future analyses of emotion termsLess
We outline a corpus-based methodology that builds on Halliday’s framework of systemic functional grammar, in particular his notion of grammatical metaphor, to analyse the semantics of emotion terms, and compare our findings to those of the GRID. We investigate two sets of terms: a) terms deemed to be specific to Greek sociocultural experiences, and b) terms constituting translation equivalents of a single English term. The results of the corpus analysis confirm those of the GRID and add new dimensions to their meaning or reveal additional stylistic and semantic differences between terms. In conclusion, we propose that the two methodologies are complementary and that using them in tandem can significantly enhance the analytical breadth and depth of future analyses of emotion terms
Fiona McHardy, James Robson, and David Harvey (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780859897525
- eISBN:
- 9781781380628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780859897525.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Classical scholars are turning increasingly to the study of Greek tragic fragments, engaging with fragmentary texts in different ways. Tragic fragments inform discussions in areas ranging from ...
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Classical scholars are turning increasingly to the study of Greek tragic fragments, engaging with fragmentary texts in different ways. Tragic fragments inform discussions in areas ranging from cultural history through stagecraft to philosophy, and touch on topics as diverse as the perception of non-Greeks in classical Athens, ghosts on the Attic stage, and ancient views of artistic creation. This introductory chapter provides an overview of the main themes covered in the book. The recurring theme is that of contextualization — fragments require a context in order to be fully understood.Less
Classical scholars are turning increasingly to the study of Greek tragic fragments, engaging with fragmentary texts in different ways. Tragic fragments inform discussions in areas ranging from cultural history through stagecraft to philosophy, and touch on topics as diverse as the perception of non-Greeks in classical Athens, ghosts on the Attic stage, and ancient views of artistic creation. This introductory chapter provides an overview of the main themes covered in the book. The recurring theme is that of contextualization — fragments require a context in order to be fully understood.
Rudolf A. Makkreel
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226249315
- eISBN:
- 9780226249452
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226249452.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This work is about how philosophy can contribute to the challenges that hermeneutics faces in interpreting an ever-changing world. It proposes an orientational and reflective approach to ...
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This work is about how philosophy can contribute to the challenges that hermeneutics faces in interpreting an ever-changing world. It proposes an orientational and reflective approach to interpretation in which judgment must play a central role. The canonical contributions to hermeneutics of thinkers such as Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, Gadamer and Ricoeur are considered and partly reassessed. But the main focus of the book is to develop certain overlooked resources of Kant’s transcendental thought in order to reconceive hermeneutics as a critical inquiry into the appropriate contextual conditions of understanding. For this, reflective and diagnostic judgment are essential, not only to discern the differentiating features of whatever phenomena are to be understood, but also to orient us to the various meaning contexts that can frame their interpretation. These contexts may be shaped by systematic theoretical interests as well as normative and practical concerns. Some of these orientational contexts will be influenced by regional circumstances and others defined by more universal worldly ideals. Here the human sciences can play an important role in searching for clarifying discourses. The ultimate task of a hermeneutical critique is to establish priorities among the disciplinary contexts that may be brought to bear on interpretation. The final chapter considers how orientational contexts can be reconfigured to respond to the way the media of communication are being transformed by digital technology and other contemporary cultural and artistic developments.Less
This work is about how philosophy can contribute to the challenges that hermeneutics faces in interpreting an ever-changing world. It proposes an orientational and reflective approach to interpretation in which judgment must play a central role. The canonical contributions to hermeneutics of thinkers such as Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, Gadamer and Ricoeur are considered and partly reassessed. But the main focus of the book is to develop certain overlooked resources of Kant’s transcendental thought in order to reconceive hermeneutics as a critical inquiry into the appropriate contextual conditions of understanding. For this, reflective and diagnostic judgment are essential, not only to discern the differentiating features of whatever phenomena are to be understood, but also to orient us to the various meaning contexts that can frame their interpretation. These contexts may be shaped by systematic theoretical interests as well as normative and practical concerns. Some of these orientational contexts will be influenced by regional circumstances and others defined by more universal worldly ideals. Here the human sciences can play an important role in searching for clarifying discourses. The ultimate task of a hermeneutical critique is to establish priorities among the disciplinary contexts that may be brought to bear on interpretation. The final chapter considers how orientational contexts can be reconfigured to respond to the way the media of communication are being transformed by digital technology and other contemporary cultural and artistic developments.
Chloë Starr
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300204216
- eISBN:
- 9780300224931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300204216.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Chapter One presents three texts from the late sixteenth and early to mid seventeenth centuries to show the evolution from a Chinese language to a Chinese-authored theology. The theology of the early ...
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Chapter One presents three texts from the late sixteenth and early to mid seventeenth centuries to show the evolution from a Chinese language to a Chinese-authored theology. The theology of the early encounters of Chinese with Christianity was naturally strongly influenced by missionaries’ own backgrounds and theological training, tempered over time by their improved grasp of Chinese language and understanding of what was most helpful or acceptable to their audience. As missionaries’ appreciation of Chinese literary texts developed, and as Chinese Christians began writing their own philosophical essays or evangelistic tracts, the form and scope of the dialogue evolved. The three texts discussed in Chapter One (catechisms by Michele Ruggieri and Matteo Ricci and a record of conversations between missionaries and Li Jiubiao and other late Ming scholars) trace the development from missionary to Chinese theology.Less
Chapter One presents three texts from the late sixteenth and early to mid seventeenth centuries to show the evolution from a Chinese language to a Chinese-authored theology. The theology of the early encounters of Chinese with Christianity was naturally strongly influenced by missionaries’ own backgrounds and theological training, tempered over time by their improved grasp of Chinese language and understanding of what was most helpful or acceptable to their audience. As missionaries’ appreciation of Chinese literary texts developed, and as Chinese Christians began writing their own philosophical essays or evangelistic tracts, the form and scope of the dialogue evolved. The three texts discussed in Chapter One (catechisms by Michele Ruggieri and Matteo Ricci and a record of conversations between missionaries and Li Jiubiao and other late Ming scholars) trace the development from missionary to Chinese theology.
Chloë Starr
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300204216
- eISBN:
- 9780300224931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300204216.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The Christian intellectuals and leaders who inherited the mission legacy and its rhetoric and remained within historic denominations occupied a demanding mediating position: interpreting Christian ...
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The Christian intellectuals and leaders who inherited the mission legacy and its rhetoric and remained within historic denominations occupied a demanding mediating position: interpreting Christian thought to China and Christ into Chinese modes. Zhao Zichen (T. C. Chao) was at the forefront of those conceptualizing and realizing a Chinese Protestant church. Chapter Three discusses Zhao’s 1935 Life of Jesus (Yesu zhuan), a semi-fictional biography written to respond to the call for a new “Chinese Christian Literature.” In its study of this highly readable short work, replete with Chinese literary references, the chapter focuses on the structure of the narrative, on Jesus’ self-understanding as the Messiah and on the role of landscape in the novella.Less
The Christian intellectuals and leaders who inherited the mission legacy and its rhetoric and remained within historic denominations occupied a demanding mediating position: interpreting Christian thought to China and Christ into Chinese modes. Zhao Zichen (T. C. Chao) was at the forefront of those conceptualizing and realizing a Chinese Protestant church. Chapter Three discusses Zhao’s 1935 Life of Jesus (Yesu zhuan), a semi-fictional biography written to respond to the call for a new “Chinese Christian Literature.” In its study of this highly readable short work, replete with Chinese literary references, the chapter focuses on the structure of the narrative, on Jesus’ self-understanding as the Messiah and on the role of landscape in the novella.
Leo Catana
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199857142
- eISBN:
- 9780199345427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199857142.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Richard Rorty, J. B. Schneewind and Quentin Skinner argued in Philosophy in History (1984) that what is outside the sphere of philosophical problems, that is, historical truth and the contingency of ...
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Richard Rorty, J. B. Schneewind and Quentin Skinner argued in Philosophy in History (1984) that what is outside the sphere of philosophical problems, that is, historical truth and the contingency of historical contexts, should be examined by intellectual historians, not by historians of philosophy; the method of the latter, and their followers in analytic philosophy, is not suited to uncover such historical contexts. In this essay it is argued that if history of philosophy is conceived as a problem-oriented discipline, as the three authors hold, then historians of philosophy would still have to undertake the historically and philologically exacting task of contextualisation usually assigned to intellectual historians, since philosophical problems are shaped by their contexts, especially their disciplinary and argumentative contexts.Less
Richard Rorty, J. B. Schneewind and Quentin Skinner argued in Philosophy in History (1984) that what is outside the sphere of philosophical problems, that is, historical truth and the contingency of historical contexts, should be examined by intellectual historians, not by historians of philosophy; the method of the latter, and their followers in analytic philosophy, is not suited to uncover such historical contexts. In this essay it is argued that if history of philosophy is conceived as a problem-oriented discipline, as the three authors hold, then historians of philosophy would still have to undertake the historically and philologically exacting task of contextualisation usually assigned to intellectual historians, since philosophical problems are shaped by their contexts, especially their disciplinary and argumentative contexts.
Sabine Lee
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526104588
- eISBN:
- 9781526128461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526104588.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter provides a historical contextualisation of children born of war before reflecting on the definitions and categorisations of different groups of CBOW as used in current research. The ...
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This chapter provides a historical contextualisation of children born of war before reflecting on the definitions and categorisations of different groups of CBOW as used in current research. The chapter goes on to explore the discourses around conflict-related gender-based violence by tracing different theoretical approaches to GBV research and their impact on our understanding (or lack thereof) of sexual violence in conflict. The final section introduces children’s rights and specifically the Convention on the Rights of the Child as the central instrument codifying the human rights of children.Less
This chapter provides a historical contextualisation of children born of war before reflecting on the definitions and categorisations of different groups of CBOW as used in current research. The chapter goes on to explore the discourses around conflict-related gender-based violence by tracing different theoretical approaches to GBV research and their impact on our understanding (or lack thereof) of sexual violence in conflict. The final section introduces children’s rights and specifically the Convention on the Rights of the Child as the central instrument codifying the human rights of children.
J. L. Schellenberg
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199673766
- eISBN:
- 9780191757129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199673766.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of Science
Scientific facts about deep time have only partially been internalized by human beings. James Hutton, Sir Charles Lyell, Charles Darwin, Lord Kelvin, Arthur Holmes, and others contributed to the ...
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Scientific facts about deep time have only partially been internalized by human beings. James Hutton, Sir Charles Lyell, Charles Darwin, Lord Kelvin, Arthur Holmes, and others contributed to the discovery of deep time. But still today discussions of deep time are focused largely on the deep past; the other side of time – the long future of our planet, and in particular the billion years in which new evolutionary changes may arise – tends to be ignored. And yet the deep future is every bit as scientifically credentialed as the deep past; a survey of recent work in astrophysics confirms this. Various factors together have prevented our ‘temporal contextualization’ so far, but imaginative devices can be provided to help us grasp the Great Disparity between our short past and the possible future of intelligent life on our planet.Less
Scientific facts about deep time have only partially been internalized by human beings. James Hutton, Sir Charles Lyell, Charles Darwin, Lord Kelvin, Arthur Holmes, and others contributed to the discovery of deep time. But still today discussions of deep time are focused largely on the deep past; the other side of time – the long future of our planet, and in particular the billion years in which new evolutionary changes may arise – tends to be ignored. And yet the deep future is every bit as scientifically credentialed as the deep past; a survey of recent work in astrophysics confirms this. Various factors together have prevented our ‘temporal contextualization’ so far, but imaginative devices can be provided to help us grasp the Great Disparity between our short past and the possible future of intelligent life on our planet.
