Graeme D. Ruxton, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528609
- eISBN:
- 9780191713392
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
Some prey that have secondary defences warn potential predators of these defences by means of conspicuous signals. Such aposematic signals are generally considered to aid in predators learning to ...
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Some prey that have secondary defences warn potential predators of these defences by means of conspicuous signals. Such aposematic signals are generally considered to aid in predators learning to avoid prey that utilise this signal. This chapter examines how the sensory and psychological properties of the predators are likely to influence signal decision in terms of ease of learning, memorability of signals, and recognizability and identification of signals. It also considers the importance of unlearned wariness of dangerous or otherwise unattractive prey.Less
Some prey that have secondary defences warn potential predators of these defences by means of conspicuous signals. Such aposematic signals are generally considered to aid in predators learning to avoid prey that utilise this signal. This chapter examines how the sensory and psychological properties of the predators are likely to influence signal decision in terms of ease of learning, memorability of signals, and recognizability and identification of signals. It also considers the importance of unlearned wariness of dangerous or otherwise unattractive prey.
Graeme D. Ruxton, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528609
- eISBN:
- 9780191713392
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter considers the mechanisms by which aposematic signals might evolve and be maintained. Of particular importance are the roles of spatial aggregation and kin selection in the evolution of ...
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This chapter considers the mechanisms by which aposematic signals might evolve and be maintained. Of particular importance are the roles of spatial aggregation and kin selection in the evolution of such signals, and the co-evolution of defence and signals of that defence. The initial evolution of aposematism is particularly interesting and challenging, since aposematic signals are expected to be more effective when they are commonplace, thus an initial rare mutant might be expected to be at a disadvantage.Less
This chapter considers the mechanisms by which aposematic signals might evolve and be maintained. Of particular importance are the roles of spatial aggregation and kin selection in the evolution of such signals, and the co-evolution of defence and signals of that defence. The initial evolution of aposematism is particularly interesting and challenging, since aposematic signals are expected to be more effective when they are commonplace, thus an initial rare mutant might be expected to be at a disadvantage.
Lilach Gilady
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226433202
- eISBN:
- 9780226433349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226433349.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter considers two examples of contemporary conspicuous consumption, the giant bronze statue in Senegal and the proposed resurrection of the Colossus of Rhodes in Greece, to illustrate the ...
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This chapter considers two examples of contemporary conspicuous consumption, the giant bronze statue in Senegal and the proposed resurrection of the Colossus of Rhodes in Greece, to illustrate the puzzling paradox that stands at the heart of this book: the need to explain the logic through which questionable expenditure can become a source of prestige. These examples also echo many of Thorstein Veblen's original insights. The chapter reiterates the importance of prestige and discusses the four dimensions of conspicuous consumption: conspicuousness, cost, hierarchy, and cycles of status symbols. It also considers the rationalist approach to conspicuous consumption and how viewing the world through a Veblenian lens paints a provocative picture of international relations. It concludes by suggesting directions for future research on conspicuous consumption.Less
This chapter considers two examples of contemporary conspicuous consumption, the giant bronze statue in Senegal and the proposed resurrection of the Colossus of Rhodes in Greece, to illustrate the puzzling paradox that stands at the heart of this book: the need to explain the logic through which questionable expenditure can become a source of prestige. These examples also echo many of Thorstein Veblen's original insights. The chapter reiterates the importance of prestige and discusses the four dimensions of conspicuous consumption: conspicuousness, cost, hierarchy, and cycles of status symbols. It also considers the rationalist approach to conspicuous consumption and how viewing the world through a Veblenian lens paints a provocative picture of international relations. It concludes by suggesting directions for future research on conspicuous consumption.
Douglas Biow
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804762151
- eISBN:
- 9780804773379
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804762151.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This book concentrates on the Renaissance concern with “self-fashioning” by examining how a group of Renaissance artists and writers encoded their own improprieties in their works of art. In the ...
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This book concentrates on the Renaissance concern with “self-fashioning” by examining how a group of Renaissance artists and writers encoded their own improprieties in their works of art. In the elitist court society of sixteenth-century Italy, where moderation, limitation, and discretion were generally held to be essential virtues, these men consistently sought to stand out and to underplay their conspicuousness at once. The heroes (or anti-heroes) of this book—Michelangelo Buonarroti, Benvenuto Cellini, Pietro Aretino, and Anton Francesco Doni—violated norms of decorum by promoting themselves aggressively and by using writing or artworks to memorialize their assertiveness and intractable delight in parading themselves as transgressive and insubordinate on a grand scale. Focusing on these sorts of writers and visual artists, this book constructs a version of the Italian Renaissance that is neither the elegant one of Castiglione's and Vasari's courts—so recently favored in scholarly accounts—nor the dark, conspiratorial one of Niccolò Machiavelli's and Francesco Guicciardini's princely states.Less
This book concentrates on the Renaissance concern with “self-fashioning” by examining how a group of Renaissance artists and writers encoded their own improprieties in their works of art. In the elitist court society of sixteenth-century Italy, where moderation, limitation, and discretion were generally held to be essential virtues, these men consistently sought to stand out and to underplay their conspicuousness at once. The heroes (or anti-heroes) of this book—Michelangelo Buonarroti, Benvenuto Cellini, Pietro Aretino, and Anton Francesco Doni—violated norms of decorum by promoting themselves aggressively and by using writing or artworks to memorialize their assertiveness and intractable delight in parading themselves as transgressive and insubordinate on a grand scale. Focusing on these sorts of writers and visual artists, this book constructs a version of the Italian Renaissance that is neither the elegant one of Castiglione's and Vasari's courts—so recently favored in scholarly accounts—nor the dark, conspiratorial one of Niccolò Machiavelli's and Francesco Guicciardini's princely states.
Sally McKee
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300221367
- eISBN:
- 9780300224696
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300221367.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter explains how the contradictory forces of invisibility and conspicuousness that worked incessantly upon dark-skinned black men and women living in societies dominated by European cultural ...
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This chapter explains how the contradictory forces of invisibility and conspicuousness that worked incessantly upon dark-skinned black men and women living in societies dominated by European cultural values shaped Edmond Dede's interactions with the people he encountered. They defined people's expectations of him and provoked him to adopt strategies to evade those forces. He may not have prospered to the extent or in the way that he would have preferred to, but in the end the people who used him as an index of their hopes were right to do so. Conspicuousness was a permanent quality of his life in an overwhelmingly white society. Likewise, because his skin color consistently drew the attention of white, black, and mixed-race observers away from his work, the creative self would be always behind the mask.Less
This chapter explains how the contradictory forces of invisibility and conspicuousness that worked incessantly upon dark-skinned black men and women living in societies dominated by European cultural values shaped Edmond Dede's interactions with the people he encountered. They defined people's expectations of him and provoked him to adopt strategies to evade those forces. He may not have prospered to the extent or in the way that he would have preferred to, but in the end the people who used him as an index of their hopes were right to do so. Conspicuousness was a permanent quality of his life in an overwhelmingly white society. Likewise, because his skin color consistently drew the attention of white, black, and mixed-race observers away from his work, the creative self would be always behind the mask.
