Ewald Engelen, Ismail Ertürk, Julie Froud, Sukhdev Johal, Adam Leaver, Mick Moran, Adriana Nilsson, and Karel Williams
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199589081
- eISBN:
- 9780191731150
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199589081.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Finance, Accounting, and Banking, Political Economy
This book addresses two important questions: first, why did financial innovation lead to the crisis in the banking sector that developed in 2007–8; and, second, why the political reform of finance ...
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This book addresses two important questions: first, why did financial innovation lead to the crisis in the banking sector that developed in 2007–8; and, second, why the political reform of finance has apparently proved so difficult across a variety of political jurisdictions? This ambitious book draws on a team of researchers from different disciplines to develop an innovation and distinctive argument in response to these two critical issues. In the first half of this book our question is about how crisis was generated. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 develop our answer, which is that innovation in and around the financial markets took the form of bricolage which did not consider the risks, uncertainty, and unintended consequences of volume-based business models and complex circuits. The direct implication is that finance needs to be simplified, rather than regulation made more sophisticated. In the second half of the book, our question is about why democratic political control both before and after the crisis has proved so difficult? Chapters 5, 6, and 7 develop our answer, which is that self-serving financial elites are not easily controlled by technocratic elites who are themselves recovering from knowledge failure, or by the rest of the governing classes concerned with political positioning for electoral advantage on issues which are technical, opaque, and illegible to the electorate at large. In Chapter 8, we discuss some of the implications of this analysis for how reform of both banking regulation and democracy is required.Less
This book addresses two important questions: first, why did financial innovation lead to the crisis in the banking sector that developed in 2007–8; and, second, why the political reform of finance has apparently proved so difficult across a variety of political jurisdictions? This ambitious book draws on a team of researchers from different disciplines to develop an innovation and distinctive argument in response to these two critical issues. In the first half of this book our question is about how crisis was generated. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 develop our answer, which is that innovation in and around the financial markets took the form of bricolage which did not consider the risks, uncertainty, and unintended consequences of volume-based business models and complex circuits. The direct implication is that finance needs to be simplified, rather than regulation made more sophisticated. In the second half of the book, our question is about why democratic political control both before and after the crisis has proved so difficult? Chapters 5, 6, and 7 develop our answer, which is that self-serving financial elites are not easily controlled by technocratic elites who are themselves recovering from knowledge failure, or by the rest of the governing classes concerned with political positioning for electoral advantage on issues which are technical, opaque, and illegible to the electorate at large. In Chapter 8, we discuss some of the implications of this analysis for how reform of both banking regulation and democracy is required.
Nikita Sud
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198076933
- eISBN:
- 9780199080908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198076933.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This book has covered critical themes in the life of twentieth-century Gujarat. It has settled on liberalization and Hindu nationalism as significant motifs in the trajectory of the region today. The ...
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This book has covered critical themes in the life of twentieth-century Gujarat. It has settled on liberalization and Hindu nationalism as significant motifs in the trajectory of the region today. The concluding chapter brings together explanations for their convergence. It draws on accounts from the history, politics, economics, sociology and leadership base of Gujarat. These explanations are then placed against national and international developments. Next, the third major theme of this work, that is the state, is considered. Based on the findings of this book and cognate literature, the case for a contemporary reinvention rather than recession of the state is underlined. A final statement considers the place of this dynamic state in the liberal-illiberal conjuncture of our time.Less
This book has covered critical themes in the life of twentieth-century Gujarat. It has settled on liberalization and Hindu nationalism as significant motifs in the trajectory of the region today. The concluding chapter brings together explanations for their convergence. It draws on accounts from the history, politics, economics, sociology and leadership base of Gujarat. These explanations are then placed against national and international developments. Next, the third major theme of this work, that is the state, is considered. Based on the findings of this book and cognate literature, the case for a contemporary reinvention rather than recession of the state is underlined. A final statement considers the place of this dynamic state in the liberal-illiberal conjuncture of our time.
Thomas R. Trautmann
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520205468
- eISBN:
- 9780520917927
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520205468.003.0008
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter presents additional discussion on the issue of the Aryan idea and the racial theory of the Indian civilization, providing commentaries on the social construction of race, the value of ...
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This chapter presents additional discussion on the issue of the Aryan idea and the racial theory of the Indian civilization, providing commentaries on the social construction of race, the value of the accomplishments of the British Sanskritists, and the impact of new Orientalism on India. It concludes that the political consequences of the Aryan or Indo-European idea do not reside within the idea itself but vary with circumstance, and are the creatures of historical conjuncture and human purpose.Less
This chapter presents additional discussion on the issue of the Aryan idea and the racial theory of the Indian civilization, providing commentaries on the social construction of race, the value of the accomplishments of the British Sanskritists, and the impact of new Orientalism on India. It concludes that the political consequences of the Aryan or Indo-European idea do not reside within the idea itself but vary with circumstance, and are the creatures of historical conjuncture and human purpose.
David Kazanjian
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520224384
- eISBN:
- 9780520925267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520224384.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter introduces Olaudah Equiano and examines the concept of U.S. mercantilism. It begins by suggesting that Equiano's text urges people to consider how mercantilism worked to produce and to ...
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This chapter introduces Olaudah Equiano and examines the concept of U.S. mercantilism. It begins by suggesting that Equiano's text urges people to consider how mercantilism worked to produce and to touch practices and discourses of “nation”, “equality”, and “race” during the late-eighteenth century. This is followed by a discussion on how Karl Marx's theory of value led to a critique of mercantilism's expression of formal and abstract equality with national and racial codification. The chapter then reviews Equiano's text before studying its representation of the expression of formal and abstract equality in the mercantilist conjuncture during the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries.Less
This chapter introduces Olaudah Equiano and examines the concept of U.S. mercantilism. It begins by suggesting that Equiano's text urges people to consider how mercantilism worked to produce and to touch practices and discourses of “nation”, “equality”, and “race” during the late-eighteenth century. This is followed by a discussion on how Karl Marx's theory of value led to a critique of mercantilism's expression of formal and abstract equality with national and racial codification. The chapter then reviews Equiano's text before studying its representation of the expression of formal and abstract equality in the mercantilist conjuncture during the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries.
Nick Rees-Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748634187
- eISBN:
- 9780748651160
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748634187.003.0002
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter explores the sexual component of the authoritarian conjuncture in France and its effect on cinematic visions of poverty, marginality, and immigration. It analyses Amal Bedjaoui's Un fils ...
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This chapter explores the sexual component of the authoritarian conjuncture in France and its effect on cinematic visions of poverty, marginality, and immigration. It analyses Amal Bedjaoui's Un fils and Sébastien Lifshitz's Wild Side, two films that weaved poverty and sexuality into the social fabric and took up the social and sexual dynamics of the current retreat into conservatism. These two films also highlighted precarious material lives and increased emotional anxiety for those they figure as excluded from neo-liberal hegemony – migrants, sex workers and transgender communities.Less
This chapter explores the sexual component of the authoritarian conjuncture in France and its effect on cinematic visions of poverty, marginality, and immigration. It analyses Amal Bedjaoui's Un fils and Sébastien Lifshitz's Wild Side, two films that weaved poverty and sexuality into the social fabric and took up the social and sexual dynamics of the current retreat into conservatism. These two films also highlighted precarious material lives and increased emotional anxiety for those they figure as excluded from neo-liberal hegemony – migrants, sex workers and transgender communities.
Joseph Brooker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633944
- eISBN:
- 9780748651818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633944.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter discusses some representations of nation and ethnicity, beginning with an account of the reactions that surrounded Howard Brenton's play, The Romans in Britain, and then identifies the ...
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This chapter discusses some representations of nation and ethnicity, beginning with an account of the reactions that surrounded Howard Brenton's play, The Romans in Britain, and then identifies the components of the national conjuncture and tries to determine whether a literary work can cover a nation. It also examines other techniques used by writers who wanted to document the condition of England in the 1980s, Black British and Asian fiction and poetry, and writers who self-consciously set themselves outside ethnic groupings.Less
This chapter discusses some representations of nation and ethnicity, beginning with an account of the reactions that surrounded Howard Brenton's play, The Romans in Britain, and then identifies the components of the national conjuncture and tries to determine whether a literary work can cover a nation. It also examines other techniques used by writers who wanted to document the condition of England in the 1980s, Black British and Asian fiction and poetry, and writers who self-consciously set themselves outside ethnic groupings.
Heather Hindman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804786515
- eISBN:
- 9780804788557
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804786515.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
What is the history of a community with no homeland? This chapter discusses precursors to contemporary expatriate life in Nepal, proposing that it is only through a set of contingent historical ...
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What is the history of a community with no homeland? This chapter discusses precursors to contemporary expatriate life in Nepal, proposing that it is only through a set of contingent historical conjunctures that modern expatriate life takes on the configuration that it does. British colonialism in India and related attitudes towards the family life of the British in India resonate with contemporary practices. Yet Nepal has its own distinctive relationship with foreign presence, shaped particularly by the collapse of the Rana Regime in 1950 and U.S. Cold War policy. The rise of Nepal as a destination on the Hippy Trail in the 1960s also contributed to the impressions and infrastructures of transnational labor in Kathmandu. These are intertwined with global ideas about overseas business that developed after World War II. Bringing together these diverse stories provides a basis for the rise of Expatria in late twentieth-century Kathmandu.Less
What is the history of a community with no homeland? This chapter discusses precursors to contemporary expatriate life in Nepal, proposing that it is only through a set of contingent historical conjunctures that modern expatriate life takes on the configuration that it does. British colonialism in India and related attitudes towards the family life of the British in India resonate with contemporary practices. Yet Nepal has its own distinctive relationship with foreign presence, shaped particularly by the collapse of the Rana Regime in 1950 and U.S. Cold War policy. The rise of Nepal as a destination on the Hippy Trail in the 1960s also contributed to the impressions and infrastructures of transnational labor in Kathmandu. These are intertwined with global ideas about overseas business that developed after World War II. Bringing together these diverse stories provides a basis for the rise of Expatria in late twentieth-century Kathmandu.
Michael A. Aung-Thwin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780824867836
- eISBN:
- 9780824875688
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824867836.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The origins of the First Pegu Dynasty began at Muttama (Martaban) in the second half of the thirteenth-century. It was shaped by several “push” and “pull” factors then current in the region, ...
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The origins of the First Pegu Dynasty began at Muttama (Martaban) in the second half of the thirteenth-century. It was shaped by several “push” and “pull” factors then current in the region, particularly several long-term patterns between the eleventh and sixteenth-centuries, some of which came together only during the second half of the thirteenth, creating a “conjuncture” in Fernand Braudel’s sense, with a direct and indirect impact on the making of the First Kingdom of Pegu. On the north was Pagan, whose decline allowed Lower Myanmar to assert its independence. To the west lay the maritime region of Arakan with its gaze towards both the Bay of Bengal and the interior of Upper Myanmar. Although it had not yet fully integrated the various components that came together subsequently in the sixteenth-century as the Kingdom of Mrauk-U, its underpinning maritime and commercial foundations were already there and operating, which were to affect the history of Pegu. On the other side of the Gulf of Muttama lay Ayuthaya, dominated by Thai speakers who had moved from their earlier centers in northern and central Thailand (the agrarian interior) to the increasingly blossoming commerce of the coasts, a process that was to have an impact on the rise and development of Pegu subsequently. Towards the south lay many port cities such as Htaway (Tavoy) and Myeik (Mergui), which acted as windows to Pegu’s external world and maritime Southeast Asia.Less
The origins of the First Pegu Dynasty began at Muttama (Martaban) in the second half of the thirteenth-century. It was shaped by several “push” and “pull” factors then current in the region, particularly several long-term patterns between the eleventh and sixteenth-centuries, some of which came together only during the second half of the thirteenth, creating a “conjuncture” in Fernand Braudel’s sense, with a direct and indirect impact on the making of the First Kingdom of Pegu. On the north was Pagan, whose decline allowed Lower Myanmar to assert its independence. To the west lay the maritime region of Arakan with its gaze towards both the Bay of Bengal and the interior of Upper Myanmar. Although it had not yet fully integrated the various components that came together subsequently in the sixteenth-century as the Kingdom of Mrauk-U, its underpinning maritime and commercial foundations were already there and operating, which were to affect the history of Pegu. On the other side of the Gulf of Muttama lay Ayuthaya, dominated by Thai speakers who had moved from their earlier centers in northern and central Thailand (the agrarian interior) to the increasingly blossoming commerce of the coasts, a process that was to have an impact on the rise and development of Pegu subsequently. Towards the south lay many port cities such as Htaway (Tavoy) and Myeik (Mergui), which acted as windows to Pegu’s external world and maritime Southeast Asia.
Aswin Punathambekar
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814771891
- eISBN:
- 9780814771907
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814771891.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This concluding chapter describes Bollywood's emergent cultural geography. First, the film industry is a transnational cultural and industrial formation. The creation of Bollywood is related to the ...
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This concluding chapter describes Bollywood's emergent cultural geography. First, the film industry is a transnational cultural and industrial formation. The creation of Bollywood is related to the sociohistorical conjuncture of in the early 1990s that experienced numerous political transitions such as the Indian state's adoption and gradual legitimization of neoliberal economic policies. Second, Bollywood is part of ongoing transformations in relations between capital, space, and cultural production. It is shaped by the uneven and highly differentiated nature of capitalist transformation in India and specifically the city of Bombay since the early 1990s. Finally, Bollywood is a site of technological and industrial convergence. Bombay's position as a center of trade and commerce, made it a preeminent media capital in India.Less
This concluding chapter describes Bollywood's emergent cultural geography. First, the film industry is a transnational cultural and industrial formation. The creation of Bollywood is related to the sociohistorical conjuncture of in the early 1990s that experienced numerous political transitions such as the Indian state's adoption and gradual legitimization of neoliberal economic policies. Second, Bollywood is part of ongoing transformations in relations between capital, space, and cultural production. It is shaped by the uneven and highly differentiated nature of capitalist transformation in India and specifically the city of Bombay since the early 1990s. Finally, Bollywood is a site of technological and industrial convergence. Bombay's position as a center of trade and commerce, made it a preeminent media capital in India.
Nirmala S. Salgado
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199760022
- eISBN:
- 9780199345120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199760022.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter focuses on the category of “Theravada” in relation to questions of monastic seniority and power in the debates about Theravada bhikkhunī upasampadās. Using the work of Ananda Abeysekara, ...
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This chapter focuses on the category of “Theravada” in relation to questions of monastic seniority and power in the debates about Theravada bhikkhunī upasampadās. Using the work of Ananda Abeysekara, and interviews with Sri Lankan monks and nuns since the 1980s, it proposes that competing claims about the Theravada authenticity of recent upasampadās of Sri Lankan nuns are inseparable from claims about power. Monastics participating in Sri Lankan Buddhist missions outside the country as well as Sri Lankan bhikkhunī ordinations throughout the world may assert a distinctively Theravada identity in connection with upasampadās of Sri Lankan bhikkhunīs. Yet, this chapter seeks not to assess the authenticity of those ordinations but rather to consider the conjunctures in which they occur. Ultimately, it argues that the category of Theravada cannot figure into the everyday life of practitioners apart from the debates in which that category is rooted.Less
This chapter focuses on the category of “Theravada” in relation to questions of monastic seniority and power in the debates about Theravada bhikkhunī upasampadās. Using the work of Ananda Abeysekara, and interviews with Sri Lankan monks and nuns since the 1980s, it proposes that competing claims about the Theravada authenticity of recent upasampadās of Sri Lankan nuns are inseparable from claims about power. Monastics participating in Sri Lankan Buddhist missions outside the country as well as Sri Lankan bhikkhunī ordinations throughout the world may assert a distinctively Theravada identity in connection with upasampadās of Sri Lankan bhikkhunīs. Yet, this chapter seeks not to assess the authenticity of those ordinations but rather to consider the conjunctures in which they occur. Ultimately, it argues that the category of Theravada cannot figure into the everyday life of practitioners apart from the debates in which that category is rooted.
Jennifer A. Johnson-Hanks
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199688203
- eISBN:
- 9780191767500
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199688203.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter uses ethnographic data to present a framework for considering how subpopulations are built up in society, and the implications of such processes. Population units are social products not ...
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This chapter uses ethnographic data to present a framework for considering how subpopulations are built up in society, and the implications of such processes. Population units are social products not primarily as objects of cultural discourse, but rather as built up differentially by individual agents selecting themselves into or out of subpopulations through specific events in socially structured ways. Differences in vital rates therefore arise through the ways subpopulations are put together, and compositional demography may be grounded in mainstream sociological theory. In contrast, demographic practice usually handles this topic in terms of ‘selectivity’—as a data problem to be controlled for. But controlling for this kind of selection eliminates many key processes of demographic interest. If young African women seek education in order to lead ‘modern’ reproductive lives, then trying to identify exogenous effects of education by controlling for aspirations leads us astray. In such cases, selection is the story.Less
This chapter uses ethnographic data to present a framework for considering how subpopulations are built up in society, and the implications of such processes. Population units are social products not primarily as objects of cultural discourse, but rather as built up differentially by individual agents selecting themselves into or out of subpopulations through specific events in socially structured ways. Differences in vital rates therefore arise through the ways subpopulations are put together, and compositional demography may be grounded in mainstream sociological theory. In contrast, demographic practice usually handles this topic in terms of ‘selectivity’—as a data problem to be controlled for. But controlling for this kind of selection eliminates many key processes of demographic interest. If young African women seek education in order to lead ‘modern’ reproductive lives, then trying to identify exogenous effects of education by controlling for aspirations leads us astray. In such cases, selection is the story.
