Christopher Rootes
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199252060
- eISBN:
- 9780191601064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252068.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
By 1990, environmentalism had been institutionalized almost everywhere in western Europe, environmental movement organizations had become substantial and well‐connected operations, and it was widely ...
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By 1990, environmentalism had been institutionalized almost everywhere in western Europe, environmental movement organizations had become substantial and well‐connected operations, and it was widely supposed that environmental movements had been demobilized and incorporated. However, in some countries, during the 1990s, there was a revival of environmental protest that was sometimes markedly more confrontational than that of the 1980s. National experiences differed and this chapter introduces some of those differences and the theories that might explain them. Nevertheless, transnational collaboration increased and it was widely expected that a Europeanization of environmental protest would follow in response to opportunities created by the increased environmental competence of the European Union. The case is made for the use of protest event methodology and newspaper reports to assemble empirical data with which to confront these theories and assumptions systematically.Less
By 1990, environmentalism had been institutionalized almost everywhere in western Europe, environmental movement organizations had become substantial and well‐connected operations, and it was widely supposed that environmental movements had been demobilized and incorporated. However, in some countries, during the 1990s, there was a revival of environmental protest that was sometimes markedly more confrontational than that of the 1980s. National experiences differed and this chapter introduces some of those differences and the theories that might explain them. Nevertheless, transnational collaboration increased and it was widely expected that a Europeanization of environmental protest would follow in response to opportunities created by the increased environmental competence of the European Union. The case is made for the use of protest event methodology and newspaper reports to assemble empirical data with which to confront these theories and assumptions systematically.
Christopher Rootes
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199252060
- eISBN:
- 9780191601064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252068.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The evolution of environmental protest in Britain is considered against the background of the development of the environmental movement and the emergence of the environment as a political issue. 1323 ...
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The evolution of environmental protest in Britain is considered against the background of the development of the environmental movement and the emergence of the environment as a political issue. 1323 protest events reported in The Guardian during the years 1988–97 are analysed to explore the varying incidence, issues, forms and organizational affiliations of protest. In a decade in which environmentalism was widely supposed to have been institutionalized and domesticated, the evidence reveals an extraordinary surge of increasingly confrontational but generally non‐violent protest, especially against roads and for animal rights. In terms of issues, forms, networks, and organizations, animal welfare appears quite distinct from and scarcely linked to the broader environmental movement. The varying incidence and changing character of protest is explained chiefly in terms of changing political opportunities, but also as a legacy of a cycle of protest that began with the campaign against the poll tax.Less
The evolution of environmental protest in Britain is considered against the background of the development of the environmental movement and the emergence of the environment as a political issue. 1323 protest events reported in The Guardian during the years 1988–97 are analysed to explore the varying incidence, issues, forms and organizational affiliations of protest. In a decade in which environmentalism was widely supposed to have been institutionalized and domesticated, the evidence reveals an extraordinary surge of increasingly confrontational but generally non‐violent protest, especially against roads and for animal rights. In terms of issues, forms, networks, and organizations, animal welfare appears quite distinct from and scarcely linked to the broader environmental movement. The varying incidence and changing character of protest is explained chiefly in terms of changing political opportunities, but also as a legacy of a cycle of protest that began with the campaign against the poll tax.
Dieter Rucht and Jochen Roose
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199252060
- eISBN:
- 9780191601064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252068.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The incidence of environmental protest in Germany and Berlin is examined by means of an analysis of all the environmental protest events reported in die Tageszeitung during the years 1988–97. ...
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The incidence of environmental protest in Germany and Berlin is examined by means of an analysis of all the environmental protest events reported in die Tageszeitung during the years 1988–97. Although nationally reported protest declined in the early 1990s, it rebounded strongly in the mid‐1990s and became relatively more confrontational than previously. Strikingly, over half of all environmental protests were associated with nuclear energy, and the revival of protest is principally associated with the controversy over the transportation of nuclear waste. The broad picture of stability of protest over the decade is explained by the solid organizational infrastructure for protest provided by supposedly institutionalized environmental associations. German unification apart, the continuity of political structures and of environmental and nuclear policies during the decade also tended to produce continuity in the issues and incidence of protest.Less
The incidence of environmental protest in Germany and Berlin is examined by means of an analysis of all the environmental protest events reported in die Tageszeitung during the years 1988–97. Although nationally reported protest declined in the early 1990s, it rebounded strongly in the mid‐1990s and became relatively more confrontational than previously. Strikingly, over half of all environmental protests were associated with nuclear energy, and the revival of protest is principally associated with the controversy over the transportation of nuclear waste. The broad picture of stability of protest over the decade is explained by the solid organizational infrastructure for protest provided by supposedly institutionalized environmental associations. German unification apart, the continuity of political structures and of environmental and nuclear policies during the decade also tended to produce continuity in the issues and incidence of protest.
Maria Kousis
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199252060
- eISBN:
- 9780191601064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252068.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Analysis of 579 environmental protest events in Greece, reported in Eleftherotypia during 1988–97, showed an uneven decline of protest during the decade, an overrepresentation of urban environmental ...
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Analysis of 579 environmental protest events in Greece, reported in Eleftherotypia during 1988–97, showed an uneven decline of protest during the decade, an overrepresentation of urban environmental claims, and the prominence of nature conservation, pollution, urban, and industrial claims made by both formal and informal environmental groups. Claims involving the health effects of environmental degradation declined, due to a steeper reduction in the reported incidence of grassroots environmental activism. In general, there was limited variation in the tactics used, with conventional protest predominating, followed by confrontation and demonstrations, and rarely by violence. Community activists tended to opt more often for confrontational or violent actions than did formal NGOs. The observed patterns are influenced by the changing political and economic opportunity structure associated with economic liberalization, the pattern of newspaper coverage, and the organization of social space.Less
Analysis of 579 environmental protest events in Greece, reported in Eleftherotypia during 1988–97, showed an uneven decline of protest during the decade, an overrepresentation of urban environmental claims, and the prominence of nature conservation, pollution, urban, and industrial claims made by both formal and informal environmental groups. Claims involving the health effects of environmental degradation declined, due to a steeper reduction in the reported incidence of grassroots environmental activism. In general, there was limited variation in the tactics used, with conventional protest predominating, followed by confrontation and demonstrations, and rarely by violence. Community activists tended to opt more often for confrontational or violent actions than did formal NGOs. The observed patterns are influenced by the changing political and economic opportunity structure associated with economic liberalization, the pattern of newspaper coverage, and the organization of social space.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0021
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses ways of changing destructive perceptions of those grieving over the death of a loved one, describing the case of seven-year-old girl, Jenna, who was told by the rabbi, and ...
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This chapter discusses ways of changing destructive perceptions of those grieving over the death of a loved one, describing the case of seven-year-old girl, Jenna, who was told by the rabbi, and believed, that her deceased brother would be punished in heaven because her mother was always crying over him. It explains that there are several strategies for changing someone's destructive perception, including direct confrontation, but care must be taken to choose a strategy which is likely to work with that individual.Less
This chapter discusses ways of changing destructive perceptions of those grieving over the death of a loved one, describing the case of seven-year-old girl, Jenna, who was told by the rabbi, and believed, that her deceased brother would be punished in heaven because her mother was always crying over him. It explains that there are several strategies for changing someone's destructive perception, including direct confrontation, but care must be taken to choose a strategy which is likely to work with that individual.
Austin Carson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691181769
- eISBN:
- 9780691184241
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691181769.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This is the first book to systematically analyze the ways that powerful states covertly participate in foreign wars, showing a recurring pattern of such behavior stretching from World War I to ...
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This is the first book to systematically analyze the ways that powerful states covertly participate in foreign wars, showing a recurring pattern of such behavior stretching from World War I to U.S.-occupied Iraq. Investigating what governments keep secret during wars and why, the book argues that leaders maintain the secrecy of state involvement as a response to the persistent concern of limiting war. Keeping interventions “backstage” helps control escalation dynamics, insulating leaders from domestic pressures while communicating their interest in keeping a war contained. It shows that covert interventions can help control escalation, but they are almost always detected by other major powers. However, the shared value of limiting war can lead adversaries to keep secret the interventions they detect, as when American leaders concealed clashes with Soviet pilots during the Korean War. Escalation concerns can also cause leaders to ignore covert interventions that have become an open secret. From Nazi Germany's role in the Spanish Civil War to American covert operations during the Vietnam War, the book presents new insights about some of the most influential conflicts of the twentieth century. Parting the curtain on the secret side of modern war, the book provides important lessons about how rival state powers collude and compete, and the ways in which they avoid outright military confrontations.Less
This is the first book to systematically analyze the ways that powerful states covertly participate in foreign wars, showing a recurring pattern of such behavior stretching from World War I to U.S.-occupied Iraq. Investigating what governments keep secret during wars and why, the book argues that leaders maintain the secrecy of state involvement as a response to the persistent concern of limiting war. Keeping interventions “backstage” helps control escalation dynamics, insulating leaders from domestic pressures while communicating their interest in keeping a war contained. It shows that covert interventions can help control escalation, but they are almost always detected by other major powers. However, the shared value of limiting war can lead adversaries to keep secret the interventions they detect, as when American leaders concealed clashes with Soviet pilots during the Korean War. Escalation concerns can also cause leaders to ignore covert interventions that have become an open secret. From Nazi Germany's role in the Spanish Civil War to American covert operations during the Vietnam War, the book presents new insights about some of the most influential conflicts of the twentieth century. Parting the curtain on the secret side of modern war, the book provides important lessons about how rival state powers collude and compete, and the ways in which they avoid outright military confrontations.
Alexandra Barahona de Brito
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198280385
- eISBN:
- 9780191598852
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198280386.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
In this second chapter of Part II of the book (Truth and Justice in Transition), an examination is made of how the issues of truth and justice evolved in the transitional period (1988–90) in Chile. ...
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In this second chapter of Part II of the book (Truth and Justice in Transition), an examination is made of how the issues of truth and justice evolved in the transitional period (1988–90) in Chile. The aim of this chapter (and the previous one which examines the same issues in Uruguay) is to show how the political nature and dynamics of the transition and negotiations shaped the ability of the political elite to pursue truth and justice in the democratic period, since the transitional period is seen to represent a critical juncture during which the stage is often set for what comes in the democratic period. The different sections of the chapter are: Una Salida Constitucional: A Defiant General and a United Opposition; Accounting for the Success of Truth and Justice Policies in the Democratic Period; and Conclusions: Preparing for Limited Confrontation and Accommodation – in the post-transition democratic period.Less
In this second chapter of Part II of the book (Truth and Justice in Transition), an examination is made of how the issues of truth and justice evolved in the transitional period (1988–90) in Chile. The aim of this chapter (and the previous one which examines the same issues in Uruguay) is to show how the political nature and dynamics of the transition and negotiations shaped the ability of the political elite to pursue truth and justice in the democratic period, since the transitional period is seen to represent a critical juncture during which the stage is often set for what comes in the democratic period. The different sections of the chapter are: Una Salida Constitucional: A Defiant General and a United Opposition; Accounting for the Success of Truth and Justice Policies in the Democratic Period; and Conclusions: Preparing for Limited Confrontation and Accommodation – in the post-transition democratic period.
Alexandra Barahona de Brito
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198280385
- eISBN:
- 9780191598852
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198280386.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
In this first chapter of Part III of the book (Truth and Justice under Successor Democratic Regimes), an examination is made of how the issues of truth and justice were dealt with under democratic ...
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In this first chapter of Part III of the book (Truth and Justice under Successor Democratic Regimes), an examination is made of how the issues of truth and justice were dealt with under democratic rule from 1985 to 1989 in Uruguay. The different sections of the chapter are: Introduction; The Release of Political Prisoners: The Emblem of Democratic Restoration (March 1985); The Long and Winding Road to Amnesty (Jurisdictional Conflict, Government Stalling, and a Joint Opposition Human Rights’ Proposal; Open Confrontation with the Judiciary and the First Colorado Amnesty Project; Explaining the Government’s Attitude: The Voice of the Deliberating Soldier; The Blanco’s Last Stand; The Re-Constitution of the Traditional Bi-Partisan Alliance: The Blanco Impunity Law, November 1986–December 1986; Civil Society Responds: The Nunca Mas Report and the Referendum Campaign); and Conclusions.Less
In this first chapter of Part III of the book (Truth and Justice under Successor Democratic Regimes), an examination is made of how the issues of truth and justice were dealt with under democratic rule from 1985 to 1989 in Uruguay. The different sections of the chapter are: Introduction; The Release of Political Prisoners: The Emblem of Democratic Restoration (March 1985); The Long and Winding Road to Amnesty (Jurisdictional Conflict, Government Stalling, and a Joint Opposition Human Rights’ Proposal; Open Confrontation with the Judiciary and the First Colorado Amnesty Project; Explaining the Government’s Attitude: The Voice of the Deliberating Soldier; The Blanco’s Last Stand; The Re-Constitution of the Traditional Bi-Partisan Alliance: The Blanco Impunity Law, November 1986–December 1986; Civil Society Responds: The Nunca Mas Report and the Referendum Campaign); and Conclusions.
Erika T. Hermanowicz
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199236350
- eISBN:
- 9780191717062
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236350.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter focuses on the conflict between Catholics and Donatists. Attacks against Catholics surged in 403. The victims were clergy as well as laymen, but the literature emphasizes attacks against ...
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This chapter focuses on the conflict between Catholics and Donatists. Attacks against Catholics surged in 403. The victims were clergy as well as laymen, but the literature emphasizes attacks against bishops and priests. The increase was in response to a variety of efforts by Catholics to force a confrontation with the Donatists. The Catholics had responded to Donatist aggression since the mid-390s with consistent application to heresy laws, but pursuit of this kind of conviction was not their only option.Less
This chapter focuses on the conflict between Catholics and Donatists. Attacks against Catholics surged in 403. The victims were clergy as well as laymen, but the literature emphasizes attacks against bishops and priests. The increase was in response to a variety of efforts by Catholics to force a confrontation with the Donatists. The Catholics had responded to Donatist aggression since the mid-390s with consistent application to heresy laws, but pursuit of this kind of conviction was not their only option.
Phuong Pham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580361.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The Introduction outlines the background of the United Kingdom's ‘East of Suez’ role and its defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore. It notes the importance of Britain's presence to its allies, ...
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The Introduction outlines the background of the United Kingdom's ‘East of Suez’ role and its defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore. It notes the importance of Britain's presence to its allies, in particular the United States in the context of the Cold War and the escalating conflict in Vietnam. It describes the creation of an independent Malaysia, the Confrontation with Indonesia, and how the benefits and costs of Britain's role in the region were reaching a delicate balance.Less
The Introduction outlines the background of the United Kingdom's ‘East of Suez’ role and its defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore. It notes the importance of Britain's presence to its allies, in particular the United States in the context of the Cold War and the escalating conflict in Vietnam. It describes the creation of an independent Malaysia, the Confrontation with Indonesia, and how the benefits and costs of Britain's role in the region were reaching a delicate balance.
Noel Maurer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155821
- eISBN:
- 9781400846603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155821.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This introductory chapter discusses the shift from politicized confrontations like the imbroglio of 1900 to legalized disputes like the more orderly affair of 2007. It advances four basic findings. ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the shift from politicized confrontations like the imbroglio of 1900 to legalized disputes like the more orderly affair of 2007. It advances four basic findings. First, American government intervention on behalf of U.S. foreign investors was astoundingly successful at extracting compensation through the 1980s. Second, American domestic interests trumped strategic concerns again and again, for small economic gains relative to the U.S. economy and the potential strategic losses. Third, the United States proved unable to impose institutional reform in Latin America and West Africa even while American agents were in place. Finally, the technology that the U.S. government used to protect American property rights overseas changed radically over time.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the shift from politicized confrontations like the imbroglio of 1900 to legalized disputes like the more orderly affair of 2007. It advances four basic findings. First, American government intervention on behalf of U.S. foreign investors was astoundingly successful at extracting compensation through the 1980s. Second, American domestic interests trumped strategic concerns again and again, for small economic gains relative to the U.S. economy and the potential strategic losses. Third, the United States proved unable to impose institutional reform in Latin America and West Africa even while American agents were in place. Finally, the technology that the U.S. government used to protect American property rights overseas changed radically over time.
Philip Jenkins
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146165
- eISBN:
- 9780199834341
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146166.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
We are living through one of the greatest transformations in the history of religion worldwide. Over the last century, Christianity has enjoyed explosive growth in the global South–in Africa, Asia, ...
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We are living through one of the greatest transformations in the history of religion worldwide. Over the last century, Christianity has enjoyed explosive growth in the global South–in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Within a few decades, Christianity will be overwhelmingly a non-European, non-white religion. Philip Jenkins argues that what we are seeing is no less than the creation of a new Christendom, which, for better or worse, will play a major role in world affairs. This book offers the first in-depth examination of the globalization of Christianity and discusses the implications for Christian worship, liturgy, culture, and political life. In addition, the denominations that are triumphing all over the global south are strongly traditional and even reactionary by the standards of economically advanced nations, and their message tends to be charismatic, visionary, and apocalyptic. This newly militant Christianity may give rise to renewed religious rivalry, especially since Islam is expanding in the same areas as Christianity. The resulting confrontations have already given rise to deadly conflicts in places such as Nigeria, Malaysia, and Indonesia. An unprecedented and potentially dangerous global change is underway. This book is an important first step toward understanding its challenges and its threats.Less
We are living through one of the greatest transformations in the history of religion worldwide. Over the last century, Christianity has enjoyed explosive growth in the global South–in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Within a few decades, Christianity will be overwhelmingly a non-European, non-white religion. Philip Jenkins argues that what we are seeing is no less than the creation of a new Christendom, which, for better or worse, will play a major role in world affairs. This book offers the first in-depth examination of the globalization of Christianity and discusses the implications for Christian worship, liturgy, culture, and political life. In addition, the denominations that are triumphing all over the global south are strongly traditional and even reactionary by the standards of economically advanced nations, and their message tends to be charismatic, visionary, and apocalyptic. This newly militant Christianity may give rise to renewed religious rivalry, especially since Islam is expanding in the same areas as Christianity. The resulting confrontations have already given rise to deadly conflicts in places such as Nigeria, Malaysia, and Indonesia. An unprecedented and potentially dangerous global change is underway. This book is an important first step toward understanding its challenges and its threats.
ROBERT V. DODGE
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199857203
- eISBN:
- 9780199932597
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199857203.003.0021
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter presents a case study and analysis that serves as a review of ideas presented in the book. This study, particularly its review, may have historical significance as it is based on the ...
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This chapter presents a case study and analysis that serves as a review of ideas presented in the book. This study, particularly its review, may have historical significance as it is based on the responses of President Kennedy's advisors during the Cuban Missile Crisis: Theodore Sorensen and Robert McNamara, and Sergei Khrushchev, son of Nikita. The chapter begins by asserting that the Cuban Missile crisis was the most dangerous moment in human history. An introductory background section on the Cold War led to the thirteen-day crisis that began on October 16, 1962. This is followed by a day-by-day account of the crisis taken from various source documents. Following the case is an analysis, which employs recent definitions of players as “hawks,” “doves,”, and “owls.” Schelling's views on rational choice and game theory are considered the standard for wise decision-making and are used to evaluate the decisions made. The chapter reviews the material presented in the text. Ideas are brought up in context to refresh recollection and to apply them to various decisions during the crisis. This is an effective way to make the review interesting, as it continually combines it with observations from Sorensen and S. Khrushchev.Less
This chapter presents a case study and analysis that serves as a review of ideas presented in the book. This study, particularly its review, may have historical significance as it is based on the responses of President Kennedy's advisors during the Cuban Missile Crisis: Theodore Sorensen and Robert McNamara, and Sergei Khrushchev, son of Nikita. The chapter begins by asserting that the Cuban Missile crisis was the most dangerous moment in human history. An introductory background section on the Cold War led to the thirteen-day crisis that began on October 16, 1962. This is followed by a day-by-day account of the crisis taken from various source documents. Following the case is an analysis, which employs recent definitions of players as “hawks,” “doves,”, and “owls.” Schelling's views on rational choice and game theory are considered the standard for wise decision-making and are used to evaluate the decisions made. The chapter reviews the material presented in the text. Ideas are brought up in context to refresh recollection and to apply them to various decisions during the crisis. This is an effective way to make the review interesting, as it continually combines it with observations from Sorensen and S. Khrushchev.
Julie B. Schnur, Guy H. Montgomery, and Daniel David
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195182231
- eISBN:
- 9780199870684
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182231.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter proposes a theoretical model that could potentially increase our understanding of the effects of irrational beliefs on health outcomes. It has been written that REBT “is perhaps the only ...
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This chapter proposes a theoretical model that could potentially increase our understanding of the effects of irrational beliefs on health outcomes. It has been written that REBT “is perhaps the only therapeutic system that directly tackles our confrontation with reality.” Also as humans cannot help but be all too aware, physical suffering is an inextricable part of reality. REBT arms us in our struggle with this aspect of reality by providing us with two weapons: a willingness to accept reality, combined with an unwillingness to accept our irrational interpretations of that reality.Less
This chapter proposes a theoretical model that could potentially increase our understanding of the effects of irrational beliefs on health outcomes. It has been written that REBT “is perhaps the only therapeutic system that directly tackles our confrontation with reality.” Also as humans cannot help but be all too aware, physical suffering is an inextricable part of reality. REBT arms us in our struggle with this aspect of reality by providing us with two weapons: a willingness to accept reality, combined with an unwillingness to accept our irrational interpretations of that reality.
Tarek El-Ariss
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691181936
- eISBN:
- 9780691184913
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691181936.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter examines the confrontational practices of Egyptian activist Wael Abbas. Investigating the interplay of leaks and scene-making in Wael's posts and language, which are often decried or ...
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This chapter examines the confrontational practices of Egyptian activist Wael Abbas. Investigating the interplay of leaks and scene-making in Wael's posts and language, which are often decried or dismissed as vulgar and offensive, the chapter problematizes the charge of qillat adab (uncivil, disrespectful, impolite, rude), exploring it both as practice and performance that is amplified by new media technology yet coincides with, is grounded in, and arises from local, affective models of protest and contestation. Tracing a trail of invectives and bruises, torture videos, and online attacks, it is argued that the activist-blogger is no longer tied to the disciplining project of the liberal state or to the “lonely intellectual” speaking truth to power.Less
This chapter examines the confrontational practices of Egyptian activist Wael Abbas. Investigating the interplay of leaks and scene-making in Wael's posts and language, which are often decried or dismissed as vulgar and offensive, the chapter problematizes the charge of qillat adab (uncivil, disrespectful, impolite, rude), exploring it both as practice and performance that is amplified by new media technology yet coincides with, is grounded in, and arises from local, affective models of protest and contestation. Tracing a trail of invectives and bruises, torture videos, and online attacks, it is argued that the activist-blogger is no longer tied to the disciplining project of the liberal state or to the “lonely intellectual” speaking truth to power.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter argues that trespassing livestock were a major cause of friction between Indians and English colonists. Even so, Native Americans and colonists found ways to cooperate with one another ...
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This chapter argues that trespassing livestock were a major cause of friction between Indians and English colonists. Even so, Native Americans and colonists found ways to cooperate with one another to resolve problems that animals caused. As a result of their efforts, the middle decades of the 17th century were characterized as much by cooperation as confrontation.Less
This chapter argues that trespassing livestock were a major cause of friction between Indians and English colonists. Even so, Native Americans and colonists found ways to cooperate with one another to resolve problems that animals caused. As a result of their efforts, the middle decades of the 17th century were characterized as much by cooperation as confrontation.
Lawrence Stone
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202547
- eISBN:
- 9780191675393
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202547.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book offers a set of detailed case studies about how the break-up and dissolution of marriages was contrived before the first Divorce Act in 1857. Individuals in their own words explain their ...
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This book offers a set of detailed case studies about how the break-up and dissolution of marriages was contrived before the first Divorce Act in 1857. Individuals in their own words explain their actions and feelings about one another in dramatic court-room confrontations, while behind the scenes they were conducting secret negotiations, and offering massive bribes to witnesses either to commit perjury or to hold their tongues. These stories offer astonishing insights into many previously unknown aspects of marital life and marital breakdown in early modern England. They also provide sobering evidence of the huge gap between the enacted law and actual practice.Less
This book offers a set of detailed case studies about how the break-up and dissolution of marriages was contrived before the first Divorce Act in 1857. Individuals in their own words explain their actions and feelings about one another in dramatic court-room confrontations, while behind the scenes they were conducting secret negotiations, and offering massive bribes to witnesses either to commit perjury or to hold their tongues. These stories offer astonishing insights into many previously unknown aspects of marital life and marital breakdown in early modern England. They also provide sobering evidence of the huge gap between the enacted law and actual practice.
Robert Bartlett and Angus MacKay (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203612
- eISBN:
- 9780191675898
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203612.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This study of the nature of frontiers and frontier societies in the Middle Ages focuses on those between England and Scotland, Wales and Ireland, Castile and Granada, and on the Elbe. It examines the ...
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This study of the nature of frontiers and frontier societies in the Middle Ages focuses on those between England and Scotland, Wales and Ireland, Castile and Granada, and on the Elbe. It examines the consequences for frontier societies of being located in areas of cross-cultural contact, and often confrontation. Institutions, expectations, and even local family structures are shown to have been products of an environment of long-term and ubiquitous fighting. But, devices also developed in frontier societies for mediation, arbitration, and negotiation. Interaction between different religions, laws, languages, and mores, was often hostile, but could sometimes be flexible — responses which are reflected, for example, in the literature and poetry of the areas involved. This comparative study throws light on our thinking about frontiers, and fills a gap in the history of medieval Europe.Less
This study of the nature of frontiers and frontier societies in the Middle Ages focuses on those between England and Scotland, Wales and Ireland, Castile and Granada, and on the Elbe. It examines the consequences for frontier societies of being located in areas of cross-cultural contact, and often confrontation. Institutions, expectations, and even local family structures are shown to have been products of an environment of long-term and ubiquitous fighting. But, devices also developed in frontier societies for mediation, arbitration, and negotiation. Interaction between different religions, laws, languages, and mores, was often hostile, but could sometimes be flexible — responses which are reflected, for example, in the literature and poetry of the areas involved. This comparative study throws light on our thinking about frontiers, and fills a gap in the history of medieval Europe.
James Revell Carr
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252038600
- eISBN:
- 9780252096525
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252038600.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This book explores the performance, reception, transmission, and adaptation of Hawaiian music on board ships and in the islands, revealing the ways both maritime commerce and imperial confrontation ...
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This book explores the performance, reception, transmission, and adaptation of Hawaiian music on board ships and in the islands, revealing the ways both maritime commerce and imperial confrontation facilitated the circulation of popular music in the nineteenth century. The book shows how Hawaiians initially used music and dance to ease tensions with, and spread information about, potentially dangerous foreigners, and then traces the circulation of Hawaiian song and dance worldwide as Hawaiians served aboard American and European ships. Drawing on journals and ships' logs, the book highlights the profound contrasts between Hawaiians' treatment by fellow sailors who appreciated their seamanship and music, versus antagonistic American missionaries determined to keep Hawaiians on local sugar plantations, and looks at how Hawaiians achieved their own ends by capitalizing on Americans' conflicting expectations and fraught discourse around hula and other musical practices. It also examines American minstrelsy in Hawaii, including professional touring minstrel troupes from the mainland, amateur troupes consisting of crew members of visiting ships, and local indigenous troupes of Hawaiian minstrels. In the process he illuminates how a merging of indigenous and foreign elements became the new sound of native Hawaiian culture at the turn of the twentieth century—and made loping rhythms, falsetto yodels, and driving ukuleles indelible parts of American popular music.Less
This book explores the performance, reception, transmission, and adaptation of Hawaiian music on board ships and in the islands, revealing the ways both maritime commerce and imperial confrontation facilitated the circulation of popular music in the nineteenth century. The book shows how Hawaiians initially used music and dance to ease tensions with, and spread information about, potentially dangerous foreigners, and then traces the circulation of Hawaiian song and dance worldwide as Hawaiians served aboard American and European ships. Drawing on journals and ships' logs, the book highlights the profound contrasts between Hawaiians' treatment by fellow sailors who appreciated their seamanship and music, versus antagonistic American missionaries determined to keep Hawaiians on local sugar plantations, and looks at how Hawaiians achieved their own ends by capitalizing on Americans' conflicting expectations and fraught discourse around hula and other musical practices. It also examines American minstrelsy in Hawaii, including professional touring minstrel troupes from the mainland, amateur troupes consisting of crew members of visiting ships, and local indigenous troupes of Hawaiian minstrels. In the process he illuminates how a merging of indigenous and foreign elements became the new sound of native Hawaiian culture at the turn of the twentieth century—and made loping rhythms, falsetto yodels, and driving ukuleles indelible parts of American popular music.
Jonathan I. Israel
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199279227
- eISBN:
- 9780191700040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279227.003.0033
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas, European Modern History
This chapter argues that the first stage of the ‘guerre de l’Encyclopédie’, down to the autumn of 1752, has a crucial significance in both intellectual and wider social-cultural history. Historians ...
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This chapter argues that the first stage of the ‘guerre de l’Encyclopédie’, down to the autumn of 1752, has a crucial significance in both intellectual and wider social-cultural history. Historians have often noted that it was at this point that the lines of ideological confrontation in France were reconfigured in a new way and that the parti philosophique first acquired its public profile as a ‘sect’ or party within French society and cultural life. The importance of this is considerable in itself. But, equally important, there is a second point which has not really been made before. The circumstances of the struggle locked together two opposed philosophical traditions which had long acknowledged, and continued to acknowledge, their own mutual antagonism and incompatibility but saw themselves as obliged to work together against a vastly more popular and more powerful force, namely that of anti-philosophie and Jansenism. This was a unique situation in Europe, differentiating the French Enlightenment from Enlightenment in Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, and elsewhere, and one which had a crucial consequence: it enabled the radical wing to come out from the closet and become, in the French-speaking world, the dominant partner.Less
This chapter argues that the first stage of the ‘guerre de l’Encyclopédie’, down to the autumn of 1752, has a crucial significance in both intellectual and wider social-cultural history. Historians have often noted that it was at this point that the lines of ideological confrontation in France were reconfigured in a new way and that the parti philosophique first acquired its public profile as a ‘sect’ or party within French society and cultural life. The importance of this is considerable in itself. But, equally important, there is a second point which has not really been made before. The circumstances of the struggle locked together two opposed philosophical traditions which had long acknowledged, and continued to acknowledge, their own mutual antagonism and incompatibility but saw themselves as obliged to work together against a vastly more popular and more powerful force, namely that of anti-philosophie and Jansenism. This was a unique situation in Europe, differentiating the French Enlightenment from Enlightenment in Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, and elsewhere, and one which had a crucial consequence: it enabled the radical wing to come out from the closet and become, in the French-speaking world, the dominant partner.
