Vladimir Fortov, Igor Iakubov, and Alexey Khrapak
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299805
- eISBN:
- 9780191714948
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299805.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Nuclear and Plasma Physics
This book concerns the physics of plasma at high density, which is compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions, nonideality, govern its behavior. The interest in this ...
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This book concerns the physics of plasma at high density, which is compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions, nonideality, govern its behavior. The interest in this non-traditional plasma has emerged during the last few years when states of matter with high concentration of energy, constituting the basis of the modern technologies and facilities, became accessible for impulse experiments. The greatest part of the Universe matter is in this exotic state. In this book, the methods of strongly coupled plasma generation and diagnostics are considered. The experimental results on thermodynamic, kinetic, and optical properties are given, and the main theoretical models of the strongly coupled plasma state are discussed. Particular attention is given to fast developing modern directions of strongly coupled plasma physics, such as metallization of dielectrics and dielectrization of metals, nonneutral plasma, complex (dusty) plasma, and its crystallization.Less
This book concerns the physics of plasma at high density, which is compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions, nonideality, govern its behavior. The interest in this non-traditional plasma has emerged during the last few years when states of matter with high concentration of energy, constituting the basis of the modern technologies and facilities, became accessible for impulse experiments. The greatest part of the Universe matter is in this exotic state. In this book, the methods of strongly coupled plasma generation and diagnostics are considered. The experimental results on thermodynamic, kinetic, and optical properties are given, and the main theoretical models of the strongly coupled plasma state are discussed. Particular attention is given to fast developing modern directions of strongly coupled plasma physics, such as metallization of dielectrics and dielectrization of metals, nonneutral plasma, complex (dusty) plasma, and its crystallization.
V. F. Gantmakher
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198567561
- eISBN:
- 9780191718267
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567561.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This book contains modern concepts about the physics of electrons in solids. It is written using a minimum of mathematics, with the emphasis on various physical models aimed at stimulating creative ...
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This book contains modern concepts about the physics of electrons in solids. It is written using a minimum of mathematics, with the emphasis on various physical models aimed at stimulating creative thinking. The book aims to aid in the choice of the most efficient scheme of an experiment or the optimal algorithm of a calculation. Boltzmann and hopping types of conductivity are compared. The qualitative theory of weak localization is presented and its links with the true localization and metal-insulator transitions. Processes that determine the structure of impurity bands are revealed. The concepts introduced in this book are applied to descriptions of granular metals and quasicrystals, as well as the integer quantum Hall effect, emphasizing their universality.Less
This book contains modern concepts about the physics of electrons in solids. It is written using a minimum of mathematics, with the emphasis on various physical models aimed at stimulating creative thinking. The book aims to aid in the choice of the most efficient scheme of an experiment or the optimal algorithm of a calculation. Boltzmann and hopping types of conductivity are compared. The qualitative theory of weak localization is presented and its links with the true localization and metal-insulator transitions. Processes that determine the structure of impurity bands are revealed. The concepts introduced in this book are applied to descriptions of granular metals and quasicrystals, as well as the integer quantum Hall effect, emphasizing their universality.
R. E. Peierls
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198507819
- eISBN:
- 9780191709913
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507819.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This book develops the quantum theory of solids from the basic principles of quantum mechanics. The emphasis is on a single statement of the ideas underlying the various approximations that have to ...
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This book develops the quantum theory of solids from the basic principles of quantum mechanics. The emphasis is on a single statement of the ideas underlying the various approximations that have to be used in the study of this subject. Care is taken to separate sound arguments from conjecture. The treatment covers the electron theory of metals as well as the dynamics of crystals, including the author's work on the thermal conductivity of crystals.Less
This book develops the quantum theory of solids from the basic principles of quantum mechanics. The emphasis is on a single statement of the ideas underlying the various approximations that have to be used in the study of this subject. Care is taken to separate sound arguments from conjecture. The treatment covers the electron theory of metals as well as the dynamics of crystals, including the author's work on the thermal conductivity of crystals.
Nikolai Kopnin
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198507888
- eISBN:
- 9780191709722
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507888.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This book presents modern theory of nonstationary and nonequilibrium superconductivity. It deals with superconductors in external fields varying in time and studies transport phenomena in ...
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This book presents modern theory of nonstationary and nonequilibrium superconductivity. It deals with superconductors in external fields varying in time and studies transport phenomena in superconductors. The book provides the microscopic theory based on the Green function formalism within the Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (BCS) theory. The method of quasiclassical Green functions is formulated for both stationary and nonequilibrium problems in the theory of superconductivity. Chapters 1 to 4 give an introduction to the Green function formalism in the BCS theory for clean materials and alloys. In next two chapters, the quasiclassical approximation is introduced and applied to some generic stationary problems such as the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) equations, critical magnetic fields, gapless superconductivity, d-wave superconductivity, bound states in the vortex core. Chapter 7 describes the quasiclassical method for layered superconductors. In Chapter 8 the nonstationary theory is formulated using both the method of analytical continuation and the Keldysh diagram technique. Next two chapters are devoted to the quasiclassical approximation and to generalized kinetic equations in nonstationary situations. Chapter 11 demonstrates how the GL model can be extended to nonstationary problems. A considerable part of the book is devoted to the vortex dynamics, which treats behaviour of type II superconductors when they carry electric currents in presence of a magnetic field. Chapters 12 to 15 deal with the dynamics of vortices. In Chapter 12, the time-dependent GL model is used to calculate the resistivity in the flux flow regime. Chapter 13 derives the forces acting on a moving vortex using the Green function formalism and applies the microscopic theory to the vortex dynamics in superconducting alloys. In Chapters 14 and 15 the vortex dynamics in clean superconductors is considered and the flux-flow conductivity, the vortex Hall effect, and the vortex mass are calculated.Less
This book presents modern theory of nonstationary and nonequilibrium superconductivity. It deals with superconductors in external fields varying in time and studies transport phenomena in superconductors. The book provides the microscopic theory based on the Green function formalism within the Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (BCS) theory. The method of quasiclassical Green functions is formulated for both stationary and nonequilibrium problems in the theory of superconductivity. Chapters 1 to 4 give an introduction to the Green function formalism in the BCS theory for clean materials and alloys. In next two chapters, the quasiclassical approximation is introduced and applied to some generic stationary problems such as the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) equations, critical magnetic fields, gapless superconductivity, d-wave superconductivity, bound states in the vortex core. Chapter 7 describes the quasiclassical method for layered superconductors. In Chapter 8 the nonstationary theory is formulated using both the method of analytical continuation and the Keldysh diagram technique. Next two chapters are devoted to the quasiclassical approximation and to generalized kinetic equations in nonstationary situations. Chapter 11 demonstrates how the GL model can be extended to nonstationary problems. A considerable part of the book is devoted to the vortex dynamics, which treats behaviour of type II superconductors when they carry electric currents in presence of a magnetic field. Chapters 12 to 15 deal with the dynamics of vortices. In Chapter 12, the time-dependent GL model is used to calculate the resistivity in the flux flow regime. Chapter 13 derives the forces acting on a moving vortex using the Green function formalism and applies the microscopic theory to the vortex dynamics in superconducting alloys. In Chapters 14 and 15 the vortex dynamics in clean superconductors is considered and the flux-flow conductivity, the vortex Hall effect, and the vortex mass are calculated.
Thomas Ihn
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199534425
- eISBN:
- 9780191715297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199534425.003.0017
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter continues the discussion of interaction effects in transport starts from the fractional quantum Hall effect in Chapter 16, but returns to the case of zero magnetic field. The influence ...
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This chapter continues the discussion of interaction effects in transport starts from the fractional quantum Hall effect in Chapter 16, but returns to the case of zero magnetic field. The influence of screening on the Drude conductivity and its temperature dependence are elucidated. Interaction-related quantum corrections to the Drude conductivity are discussed in the picture of multiple scattering at Friedel oscillations.Less
This chapter continues the discussion of interaction effects in transport starts from the fractional quantum Hall effect in Chapter 16, but returns to the case of zero magnetic field. The influence of screening on the Drude conductivity and its temperature dependence are elucidated. Interaction-related quantum corrections to the Drude conductivity are discussed in the picture of multiple scattering at Friedel oscillations.
Nikolai V. Brilliantov and Thorsten Pöschel
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198530381
- eISBN:
- 9780191713057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198530381.003.0019
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter applies the Chapman–Enskog approach to an inhomogeneous gas of elastic particles. It derives the coefficients of viscosity, thermal conductivity, and velocity distribution function.
This chapter applies the Chapman–Enskog approach to an inhomogeneous gas of elastic particles. It derives the coefficients of viscosity, thermal conductivity, and velocity distribution function.
J. M. Ziman
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198507796
- eISBN:
- 9780191709937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507796.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter discusses the electrical conductivity of metals. Topics covered include the transport properties of metals, residual resistance in alloys, the resistance-minimum phenomenon, residual ...
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This chapter discusses the electrical conductivity of metals. Topics covered include the transport properties of metals, residual resistance in alloys, the resistance-minimum phenomenon, residual resistance from crystal imperfections, the Bloch theory, lattice resistivity, electrical resistivity of transition metals, thermal conductivity, thermopower, phonon drag, and electron-electron scattering.Less
This chapter discusses the electrical conductivity of metals. Topics covered include the transport properties of metals, residual resistance in alloys, the resistance-minimum phenomenon, residual resistance from crystal imperfections, the Bloch theory, lattice resistivity, electrical resistivity of transition metals, thermal conductivity, thermopower, phonon drag, and electron-electron scattering.
V. E. Fortov, I. T. Iakubov, and A. G. Khrapak
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299805
- eISBN:
- 9780191714948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299805.003.0002
- Subject:
- Physics, Nuclear and Plasma Physics
This chapter examines the electrical methods of nonideal plasma generation, including three principally different techniques, namely, the heating in resistance furnaces of ampoules containing the ...
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This chapter examines the electrical methods of nonideal plasma generation, including three principally different techniques, namely, the heating in resistance furnaces of ampoules containing the material under investigation, and Joule heating of samples of material by an electric current passed through the latter and high-pressure electric discharge. The results of measurements of the electrical conductivity, thermoelectromotive force, optical absorption, equation of state, and sound velocity received by the plasma heating in furnaces by isobaric heating in capillaries and by exploding wire method are presented.Less
This chapter examines the electrical methods of nonideal plasma generation, including three principally different techniques, namely, the heating in resistance furnaces of ampoules containing the material under investigation, and Joule heating of samples of material by an electric current passed through the latter and high-pressure electric discharge. The results of measurements of the electrical conductivity, thermoelectromotive force, optical absorption, equation of state, and sound velocity received by the plasma heating in furnaces by isobaric heating in capillaries and by exploding wire method are presented.
V. E. Fortov, I. T. Iakubov, and A. G. Khrapak
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299805
- eISBN:
- 9780191714948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299805.003.0004
- Subject:
- Physics, Nuclear and Plasma Physics
This chapter considers thermodynamic properties of partly ionized plasmas. The equation of ionization equilibrium (Saha equation) is obtained using the three-component model of electron-ion-atomic ...
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This chapter considers thermodynamic properties of partly ionized plasmas. The equation of ionization equilibrium (Saha equation) is obtained using the three-component model of electron-ion-atomic plasma. Anomalous electrophysical properties of metal plasma, observed in experiments with dense plasmas of Cs, Rb, and Hg, are analyzed. Evidence is given that the exponential growth of the electrical conductivity with density is connected to the decrease of the ionization potential as result of the electron-atom and ion-atom interactions. Creation of the molecular and cluster ions also plays important role. Droplet model of nonideal plasma of metal vapors, explaining the anomalously high electrical conductivity of metal vapors in the vicinity of the saturation line and critical point, is discussed. Lastly, different models of the metal-dielectric transition or Mott's transition are described.Less
This chapter considers thermodynamic properties of partly ionized plasmas. The equation of ionization equilibrium (Saha equation) is obtained using the three-component model of electron-ion-atomic plasma. Anomalous electrophysical properties of metal plasma, observed in experiments with dense plasmas of Cs, Rb, and Hg, are analyzed. Evidence is given that the exponential growth of the electrical conductivity with density is connected to the decrease of the ionization potential as result of the electron-atom and ion-atom interactions. Creation of the molecular and cluster ions also plays important role. Droplet model of nonideal plasma of metal vapors, explaining the anomalously high electrical conductivity of metal vapors in the vicinity of the saturation line and critical point, is discussed. Lastly, different models of the metal-dielectric transition or Mott's transition are described.
V. E. Fortov, I. T. Iakubov, and A. G. Khrapak
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299805
- eISBN:
- 9780191714948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299805.003.0007
- Subject:
- Physics, Nuclear and Plasma Physics
This chapter presents the basic approaches to the calculation of kinetic coefficients for weakly nonideal fully ionized plasma. The kinetic equation with collision integral represented as a ...
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This chapter presents the basic approaches to the calculation of kinetic coefficients for weakly nonideal fully ionized plasma. The kinetic equation with collision integral represented as a combination of Boltzmann, Landau, and Lenard-Balescu integrals is analyzed. Experimental results on the electrical conductivity are compared with results of asymptotic theories (Spitzer, Ziman, Mott, and Ioffe-Regel formulas). The ion core effect on the electrical conductivity of high-temperature nonideal plasma is considered.Less
This chapter presents the basic approaches to the calculation of kinetic coefficients for weakly nonideal fully ionized plasma. The kinetic equation with collision integral represented as a combination of Boltzmann, Landau, and Lenard-Balescu integrals is analyzed. Experimental results on the electrical conductivity are compared with results of asymptotic theories (Spitzer, Ziman, Mott, and Ioffe-Regel formulas). The ion core effect on the electrical conductivity of high-temperature nonideal plasma is considered.
V. E. Fortov, I. T. Iakubov, and A. G. Khrapak
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299805
- eISBN:
- 9780191714948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299805.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Nuclear and Plasma Physics
This chapter discusses the properties of strongly coupled plasmas created not by strong heating but by strong compression at relatively low temperatures by means of the pressure-induced ionization. ...
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This chapter discusses the properties of strongly coupled plasmas created not by strong heating but by strong compression at relatively low temperatures by means of the pressure-induced ionization. Different methods of shock wave compression of condensed dielectrics are discussed. Thermodynamic, electrophysical, and optical properties of strongly compressed dielectrics, such as hydrogen, liquefied rare gases, oxygen, and others are considered. Results of the experimental investigation of the dielectric-metal transition are presented, with special attention given to the metallization of hydrogen. Theoretically predicted and recently experimentally observed transitions of some metals (lithium, sodium, and others) to molecular dielectric state at high pressures are also discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the properties of strongly coupled plasmas created not by strong heating but by strong compression at relatively low temperatures by means of the pressure-induced ionization. Different methods of shock wave compression of condensed dielectrics are discussed. Thermodynamic, electrophysical, and optical properties of strongly compressed dielectrics, such as hydrogen, liquefied rare gases, oxygen, and others are considered. Results of the experimental investigation of the dielectric-metal transition are presented, with special attention given to the metallization of hydrogen. Theoretically predicted and recently experimentally observed transitions of some metals (lithium, sodium, and others) to molecular dielectric state at high pressures are also discussed.
Helmut Hofmann
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198504016
- eISBN:
- 9780191708480
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198504016.003.0015
- Subject:
- Physics, Nuclear and Plasma Physics
This chapter discusses conductivity in metals and semiconductor heterostructures. It aims to exhibit the similarities to nuclear transport problems. Semi-classical transport equations are used and ...
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This chapter discusses conductivity in metals and semiconductor heterostructures. It aims to exhibit the similarities to nuclear transport problems. Semi-classical transport equations are used and the relaxation time approximation is exploited for the collision term. For metals, several processes are possible whose temperature dependence is discussed, namely electron-electron and electron-phonon collisions and scattering at impurities. The extent to which such features can be taken over to mesoscopic systems, such as quantum wires, is examined. For the two-dimensional electron gas it is shown that the electron transport may behave ballistically and that the conductivity is quantized. The resistance becomes finite because of contacts with leads. This makes up an essential difference from the nuclear case, where no external heat bath exists.Less
This chapter discusses conductivity in metals and semiconductor heterostructures. It aims to exhibit the similarities to nuclear transport problems. Semi-classical transport equations are used and the relaxation time approximation is exploited for the collision term. For metals, several processes are possible whose temperature dependence is discussed, namely electron-electron and electron-phonon collisions and scattering at impurities. The extent to which such features can be taken over to mesoscopic systems, such as quantum wires, is examined. For the two-dimensional electron gas it is shown that the electron transport may behave ballistically and that the conductivity is quantized. The resistance becomes finite because of contacts with leads. This makes up an essential difference from the nuclear case, where no external heat bath exists.
S. F. Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528531
- eISBN:
- 9780191713415
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528531.003.0003
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter presents a paper which develops a method allowing for the evaluation of closed formal expressions for electrical conductivity which have recently been developed. The case of a random set ...
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This chapter presents a paper which develops a method allowing for the evaluation of closed formal expressions for electrical conductivity which have recently been developed. The case of a random set of scatterers is treated in detail and a formal solution is made to yield directly the solution to the Boltzmann equation. A brief mention of the application of this method to liquids and alloys is made.Less
This chapter presents a paper which develops a method allowing for the evaluation of closed formal expressions for electrical conductivity which have recently been developed. The case of a random set of scatterers is treated in detail and a formal solution is made to yield directly the solution to the Boltzmann equation. A brief mention of the application of this method to liquids and alloys is made.
J. M. Ziman
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198507796
- eISBN:
- 9780191709937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507796.003.0011
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter begins with a discussion of the limitation of the mean free path. It then discusses the boundary scattering of phonons, electrical conductivity of thin wires and films, the ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the limitation of the mean free path. It then discusses the boundary scattering of phonons, electrical conductivity of thin wires and films, the galvanomagnetomorphic effect, and the anomalous skin effect.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the limitation of the mean free path. It then discusses the boundary scattering of phonons, electrical conductivity of thin wires and films, the galvanomagnetomorphic effect, and the anomalous skin effect.
A.M. Stoneham
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198507802
- eISBN:
- 9780191709920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507802.003.0011
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
Defects and impurities affect the vibrations of a solid, and hence properties such as infra-red spectra and thermal conductivity. There can be new, high-frequency, local modes; there can be new, ...
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Defects and impurities affect the vibrations of a solid, and hence properties such as infra-red spectra and thermal conductivity. There can be new, high-frequency, local modes; there can be new, low-frequency, resonances. This chapter analyses key results systematically, including some convenient simple limits. It also goes into detail concerning classical Green's functions, thermodynamic Green's functions, response functions, isotopic impurity, and asymptotic expansions. Local and resonance modes, Rayleigh scattering, and the peak theorem are also considered.Less
Defects and impurities affect the vibrations of a solid, and hence properties such as infra-red spectra and thermal conductivity. There can be new, high-frequency, local modes; there can be new, low-frequency, resonances. This chapter analyses key results systematically, including some convenient simple limits. It also goes into detail concerning classical Green's functions, thermodynamic Green's functions, response functions, isotopic impurity, and asymptotic expansions. Local and resonance modes, Rayleigh scattering, and the peak theorem are also considered.
V.F. Gantmakher
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198567561
- eISBN:
- 9780191718267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567561.003.0005
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
In this chapter, various data on localization in one and three dimensional (1D and 3D) systems are gathered into a unified pattern. Using the Landauer formula, it is shown that random potential ...
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In this chapter, various data on localization in one and three dimensional (1D and 3D) systems are gathered into a unified pattern. Using the Landauer formula, it is shown that random potential always localizes electrons in 1D, although the requirements to the randomness are rather severe; correlations can break localization. All the models of disordered 3D, those named after Anderson, Mott, and that of structural disorder, point to a metal-insulator transition at critical level of disorder. The Anderson transition happens in the system of noninteracting electrons, the driving force of the Mott transition is electron-electron interaction. However, they look very much alike experimentally and have the same numerical criterion — the ratio of localization radius to mean distance between electrons. Another important question remains unsolved: whether the transition is continuous, i.e., whether the conductivity goes to zero smoothly or jumps to zero from the minimum metal conductivity value.Less
In this chapter, various data on localization in one and three dimensional (1D and 3D) systems are gathered into a unified pattern. Using the Landauer formula, it is shown that random potential always localizes electrons in 1D, although the requirements to the randomness are rather severe; correlations can break localization. All the models of disordered 3D, those named after Anderson, Mott, and that of structural disorder, point to a metal-insulator transition at critical level of disorder. The Anderson transition happens in the system of noninteracting electrons, the driving force of the Mott transition is electron-electron interaction. However, they look very much alike experimentally and have the same numerical criterion — the ratio of localization radius to mean distance between electrons. Another important question remains unsolved: whether the transition is continuous, i.e., whether the conductivity goes to zero smoothly or jumps to zero from the minimum metal conductivity value.
V.F. Gantmakher
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198567561
- eISBN:
- 9780191718267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567561.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter starts with concepts of metal physics which are necessary for the understanding and description of metal behaviour in high magnetic fields: resistivity tensor, Hall conductivity, static ...
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This chapter starts with concepts of metal physics which are necessary for the understanding and description of metal behaviour in high magnetic fields: resistivity tensor, Hall conductivity, static skin-effect, Landau levels, and their broadening by random potential. The main experimental devices — Hall bar and Corbino disk — are described and the basic experimental facts underlying the quantum Hall effect are presented. This is followed by a self-consistent interpretation of this phenomenon. The last sections are dedicated to the phase transitions between different Hall quantum liquids: a review of experimental results is followed by the levels-floating-up model and a flow diagram of the two-parametric scaling approach.Less
This chapter starts with concepts of metal physics which are necessary for the understanding and description of metal behaviour in high magnetic fields: resistivity tensor, Hall conductivity, static skin-effect, Landau levels, and their broadening by random potential. The main experimental devices — Hall bar and Corbino disk — are described and the basic experimental facts underlying the quantum Hall effect are presented. This is followed by a self-consistent interpretation of this phenomenon. The last sections are dedicated to the phase transitions between different Hall quantum liquids: a review of experimental results is followed by the levels-floating-up model and a flow diagram of the two-parametric scaling approach.
S. D. Ganichev and W. Prettl
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528302
- eISBN:
- 9780191713637
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528302.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This final chapter presents the most up-to-date information on Bloch oscillations in semiconductor superlattices exposed to intense terahertz radiation. The theoretical background of superlattice ...
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This final chapter presents the most up-to-date information on Bloch oscillations in semiconductor superlattices exposed to intense terahertz radiation. The theoretical background of superlattice transport is discussed including miniband conductance, Wannier-Stark hopping, sequential tunneling, and the interplay between transport mechanisms. This is followed by a detailed description of experiment and theory of THz excitation of superlattices, dynamic localization, negative conductivity, and THz gain in superlattices.Less
This final chapter presents the most up-to-date information on Bloch oscillations in semiconductor superlattices exposed to intense terahertz radiation. The theoretical background of superlattice transport is discussed including miniband conductance, Wannier-Stark hopping, sequential tunneling, and the interplay between transport mechanisms. This is followed by a detailed description of experiment and theory of THz excitation of superlattices, dynamic localization, negative conductivity, and THz gain in superlattices.
Anatoly Larkin and Andrei Varlamov
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528159
- eISBN:
- 9780191713521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528159.003.0010
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter introduces a phenomenological definition of the heat current. An explicit expression for the heat current operator in interacting electron system is derived in the framework of ...
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This chapter introduces a phenomenological definition of the heat current. An explicit expression for the heat current operator in interacting electron system is derived in the framework of microscopic theory, and is used to study the behaviour of fluctuation thermoelectric power and thermal conductivity above the superconducting transition. The final section of this chapter discusses the manifestation of fluctuations in the Nernst effect, which is of current interest in relation to the giant effect observed in high-temperature superconductors.Less
This chapter introduces a phenomenological definition of the heat current. An explicit expression for the heat current operator in interacting electron system is derived in the framework of microscopic theory, and is used to study the behaviour of fluctuation thermoelectric power and thermal conductivity above the superconducting transition. The final section of this chapter discusses the manifestation of fluctuations in the Nernst effect, which is of current interest in relation to the giant effect observed in high-temperature superconductors.
C. N. Hinshelwood
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198570257
- eISBN:
- 9780191717659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570257.003.0016
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter discusses fluid systems. Topics covered include the liquid state, viscosity of liquids, solubility, solutions of electrolytes in water, electrical conductivity of solutions, and aqueous ...
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This chapter discusses fluid systems. Topics covered include the liquid state, viscosity of liquids, solubility, solutions of electrolytes in water, electrical conductivity of solutions, and aqueous media and hydrogen-ion concentration.Less
This chapter discusses fluid systems. Topics covered include the liquid state, viscosity of liquids, solubility, solutions of electrolytes in water, electrical conductivity of solutions, and aqueous media and hydrogen-ion concentration.
