Thanh V. Tran
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325089
- eISBN:
- 9780199864515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325089.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
In comparative research — whether it is cross-cultural, cross-national, or multigroup comparison — the assumption of measurement equivalence is crucially important. If nonequivalent measures were ...
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In comparative research — whether it is cross-cultural, cross-national, or multigroup comparison — the assumption of measurement equivalence is crucially important. If nonequivalent measures were used, the outcomes would be seriously biased. Equivalence is the fundamental issue in cross-cultural research and evaluation. A cross-cultural comparison can be misleading for two reasons: (1) comparison is made using different attributes and (2) comparison is made using different scale units. But even when the problems of equivalence in attributes and scale units are resolved, it does not warrant a valid cross-cultural comparison. In every step of the research process, the researcher must ensure that equivalence in concept, operationalization, methods, analysis, and interpretation receive the same attention.Less
In comparative research — whether it is cross-cultural, cross-national, or multigroup comparison — the assumption of measurement equivalence is crucially important. If nonequivalent measures were used, the outcomes would be seriously biased. Equivalence is the fundamental issue in cross-cultural research and evaluation. A cross-cultural comparison can be misleading for two reasons: (1) comparison is made using different attributes and (2) comparison is made using different scale units. But even when the problems of equivalence in attributes and scale units are resolved, it does not warrant a valid cross-cultural comparison. In every step of the research process, the researcher must ensure that equivalence in concept, operationalization, methods, analysis, and interpretation receive the same attention.
Michael Morris
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198239444
- eISBN:
- 9780191679919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198239444.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Moral Philosophy
The condition of factual equivalence for reduction determines what it is for two expressions for the same object, property, or fact. Informative metaphysical explanations cannot be conceptual ...
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The condition of factual equivalence for reduction determines what it is for two expressions for the same object, property, or fact. Informative metaphysical explanations cannot be conceptual equivalence. Two expressions for the same things may nevertheless express different concepts or ways of thinking. The same thing can be thought of in different ways. Frege suggests that a particular way of thinking of an object is characterized by a particular kind of epistemological access to that object. This chapter discusses knowledge constraint and that it may be rejected by some on the grounds that it is verificationist or more generally anti-realist. Lastly, this chapter argues that we cannot insist that the direction of explanation be the same for all metaphysical explanations.Less
The condition of factual equivalence for reduction determines what it is for two expressions for the same object, property, or fact. Informative metaphysical explanations cannot be conceptual equivalence. Two expressions for the same things may nevertheless express different concepts or ways of thinking. The same thing can be thought of in different ways. Frege suggests that a particular way of thinking of an object is characterized by a particular kind of epistemological access to that object. This chapter discusses knowledge constraint and that it may be rejected by some on the grounds that it is verificationist or more generally anti-realist. Lastly, this chapter argues that we cannot insist that the direction of explanation be the same for all metaphysical explanations.
David L. Streiner and Geoffrey R. Norman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199231881
- eISBN:
- 9780191724015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231881.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses the various sources of items for constructing scales: focus groups, interviews with patients and clinicians, clinical observation, theory, research, and expert opinion. It then ...
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This chapter discusses the various sources of items for constructing scales: focus groups, interviews with patients and clinicians, clinical observation, theory, research, and expert opinion. It then discusses content validity, ensuring that the scale covers all aspects of the domain and does not include irrelevant content. Issues around generic or disease specific quality of life scales (the ‘fidelity versus bandwidth’ problem) are explored. The chapter concludes with a description of the goals and methods of translating scales into different chapters.Less
This chapter discusses the various sources of items for constructing scales: focus groups, interviews with patients and clinicians, clinical observation, theory, research, and expert opinion. It then discusses content validity, ensuring that the scale covers all aspects of the domain and does not include irrelevant content. Issues around generic or disease specific quality of life scales (the ‘fidelity versus bandwidth’ problem) are explored. The chapter concludes with a description of the goals and methods of translating scales into different chapters.
