Rebecca J. Cook, Bernard M. Dickens, and Mahmoud F. Fathalla
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199241323
- eISBN:
- 9780191696909
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241323.003.0031
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Various treaty-based bodies of the United Nations Human Rights System offer avenues of communication through which individuals or groups of individuals, who claim to be victims of human rights ...
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Various treaty-based bodies of the United Nations Human Rights System offer avenues of communication through which individuals or groups of individuals, who claim to be victims of human rights violations, may lodge a complaint against their state. This chapter presents a list of the available communications.Less
Various treaty-based bodies of the United Nations Human Rights System offer avenues of communication through which individuals or groups of individuals, who claim to be victims of human rights violations, may lodge a complaint against their state. This chapter presents a list of the available communications.
Derek Doyle, David Jeffrey, and Kenneth Calman
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192632272
- eISBN:
- 9780191730245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192632272.003.0012
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Pain Management and Palliative Pharmacology
Palliative care is challenging as it entails emotions and stress. Doctors and nurses working in the palliative care setting must be aware of the potential emotional costs they will have to face. This ...
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Palliative care is challenging as it entails emotions and stress. Doctors and nurses working in the palliative care setting must be aware of the potential emotional costs they will have to face. This chapter discusses some of the areas of palliative care that can cause stress. It also offers ways to minimize stress and avoid burn out. Among the factors that can cause professional stress are complaints, uncertainty, ethical issues, time, and emotions attached to caring. Some of the methods to avoid these stress-causing factors are keeping up with the latest developments in palliative care, teamwork, finding a balance between work and home, good clinical supervision, and mentoring wherein good appraisal is observed.Less
Palliative care is challenging as it entails emotions and stress. Doctors and nurses working in the palliative care setting must be aware of the potential emotional costs they will have to face. This chapter discusses some of the areas of palliative care that can cause stress. It also offers ways to minimize stress and avoid burn out. Among the factors that can cause professional stress are complaints, uncertainty, ethical issues, time, and emotions attached to caring. Some of the methods to avoid these stress-causing factors are keeping up with the latest developments in palliative care, teamwork, finding a balance between work and home, good clinical supervision, and mentoring wherein good appraisal is observed.
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155357
- eISBN:
- 9781400846283
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155357.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
This chapter considers the experiences of practitioners who work inside and around the international human rights legal system. Those insider views—many of them from lawyers who have one foot in ...
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This chapter considers the experiences of practitioners who work inside and around the international human rights legal system. Those insider views—many of them from lawyers who have one foot in academia and another in the practical efforts of nongovernmental organizations and international legal bodies—point to many similar findings. They see a system in which legal obligations and membership have expanded much faster than the capacity to yield practical improvements in human rights. According to many of these practitioners, the legal system has been extremely successful at declaring universal values, yet has fallen quite short in practical implementation. The chapter discusses some good news regarding the impact of international treaties and legal customs on constitutions, national law, and domestic politics, as well as some barriers to a more effective human rights legal system; for example, insider politics and underused or ineffective complaints mechanisms.Less
This chapter considers the experiences of practitioners who work inside and around the international human rights legal system. Those insider views—many of them from lawyers who have one foot in academia and another in the practical efforts of nongovernmental organizations and international legal bodies—point to many similar findings. They see a system in which legal obligations and membership have expanded much faster than the capacity to yield practical improvements in human rights. According to many of these practitioners, the legal system has been extremely successful at declaring universal values, yet has fallen quite short in practical implementation. The chapter discusses some good news regarding the impact of international treaties and legal customs on constitutions, national law, and domestic politics, as well as some barriers to a more effective human rights legal system; for example, insider politics and underused or ineffective complaints mechanisms.
Roger W. Shuy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199926961
- eISBN:
- 9780199980505
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199926961.003.0021
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter explores the case of an adult woman who accused her stepfather of intentionally fondling her breasts. It notes that Jim Keckoff, the accused, claimed that he unintentionally climbed into ...
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This chapter explores the case of an adult woman who accused her stepfather of intentionally fondling her breasts. It notes that Jim Keckoff, the accused, claimed that he unintentionally climbed into the wrong bed. This case can be considered as an example of a “he said, she said trials,” since the police failed to record their complaint interview with Sharon (the stepdaughter) or their short follow-up interview with Jim (the stepfather). It tries to determine if Jim climbed into Sharon's bed intentionally or accidentally, and uses speech act analysis to reveal any possible clues to his intentions. This chapter also addresses the question why Jim could report facts with some degree of precision in some statements but not in the statement where his hand ended up on his stepdaughter's breast.Less
This chapter explores the case of an adult woman who accused her stepfather of intentionally fondling her breasts. It notes that Jim Keckoff, the accused, claimed that he unintentionally climbed into the wrong bed. This case can be considered as an example of a “he said, she said trials,” since the police failed to record their complaint interview with Sharon (the stepdaughter) or their short follow-up interview with Jim (the stepfather). It tries to determine if Jim climbed into Sharon's bed intentionally or accidentally, and uses speech act analysis to reveal any possible clues to his intentions. This chapter also addresses the question why Jim could report facts with some degree of precision in some statements but not in the statement where his hand ended up on his stepdaughter's breast.
Victoria Harris
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199578573
- eISBN:
- 9780191722936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578573.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the relationship between the prostitute milieu and wider society. It begins with the example of citizen vigilante Hermann Abel and the anti‐prostitution newspaper he produced in ...
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This chapter examines the relationship between the prostitute milieu and wider society. It begins with the example of citizen vigilante Hermann Abel and the anti‐prostitution newspaper he produced in Hamburg in the 1920s, before moving to other popular responses to prostitution during the period. It explores the differences in motivation and scope between different types of complaints about prostitution. What, in relation to the sex trade, did different individual and groups complain about and why? What caused citizens to choose one particular mechanism of complaint over another? What factors predisposed some citizens to be more likely to make a complaint than others? Why might some citizens not have complained at all?Less
This chapter examines the relationship between the prostitute milieu and wider society. It begins with the example of citizen vigilante Hermann Abel and the anti‐prostitution newspaper he produced in Hamburg in the 1920s, before moving to other popular responses to prostitution during the period. It explores the differences in motivation and scope between different types of complaints about prostitution. What, in relation to the sex trade, did different individual and groups complain about and why? What caused citizens to choose one particular mechanism of complaint over another? What factors predisposed some citizens to be more likely to make a complaint than others? Why might some citizens not have complained at all?
A. C. Spearing
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198187240
- eISBN:
- 9780191719035
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198187240.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This chapter turns from narrative to lyric, traditionally seen as expressing its writer’s own feelings. The ‘sincerity-topos’ is studied in the troubadour Bernart de Ventadorn and as embodied in ...
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This chapter turns from narrative to lyric, traditionally seen as expressing its writer’s own feelings. The ‘sincerity-topos’ is studied in the troubadour Bernart de Ventadorn and as embodied in late-medieval English love lyrics. Analyses of lovers’ complaints reveal their increasing awareness of their textual nature; some function as dramatic monologues, but others undermine the illusion of a speaker’s voice and presence. The chapter concludes with a detailed analysis of Chaucer’s Complaint Unto Pity, demonstrating that the effect of its organization about a sovereign centre, its allegorical wit, and its incorporation of a textual petition can be valued only if it is read as writing, incorporating two incompatible discourses, not as the speech of a single narratorial persona.Less
This chapter turns from narrative to lyric, traditionally seen as expressing its writer’s own feelings. The ‘sincerity-topos’ is studied in the troubadour Bernart de Ventadorn and as embodied in late-medieval English love lyrics. Analyses of lovers’ complaints reveal their increasing awareness of their textual nature; some function as dramatic monologues, but others undermine the illusion of a speaker’s voice and presence. The chapter concludes with a detailed analysis of Chaucer’s Complaint Unto Pity, demonstrating that the effect of its organization about a sovereign centre, its allegorical wit, and its incorporation of a textual petition can be valued only if it is read as writing, incorporating two incompatible discourses, not as the speech of a single narratorial persona.
Christopher Haigh
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199216505
- eISBN:
- 9780191711947
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216505.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History, History of Ideas
What did ordinary people believe in post-Reformation England, and what did they do about it? This book looks at religious belief and practice through the eyes of five sorts of people: godly ...
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What did ordinary people believe in post-Reformation England, and what did they do about it? This book looks at religious belief and practice through the eyes of five sorts of people: godly Protestant ministers, zealous Protestant laypeople, the ignorant, those who complained about the burdens of religion, and the Catholics. Based on 600 court and visitation books from three national and twelve local archives, it cites what people had to say about themselves, their religion, and the religions of others. How did people behave in church? What did they think of church rituals? What did they do on Sundays? What did they think of people of other faiths? How did they get along together, and what sort of issues produced tensions between them? What did parishioners think of their priests and what did the clergy think of their people? Was everyone seriously religious, or did some people mock or doubt religion? If these questions have been tackled before, it has usually been by way of claims about what the common people believed in books written by members of the educated ranks about their contemporaries. In contrast, by going directly to other sources of evidence such court records and parish complaints, this book illuminates what ordinary people actually said and did.Less
What did ordinary people believe in post-Reformation England, and what did they do about it? This book looks at religious belief and practice through the eyes of five sorts of people: godly Protestant ministers, zealous Protestant laypeople, the ignorant, those who complained about the burdens of religion, and the Catholics. Based on 600 court and visitation books from three national and twelve local archives, it cites what people had to say about themselves, their religion, and the religions of others. How did people behave in church? What did they think of church rituals? What did they do on Sundays? What did they think of people of other faiths? How did they get along together, and what sort of issues produced tensions between them? What did parishioners think of their priests and what did the clergy think of their people? Was everyone seriously religious, or did some people mock or doubt religion? If these questions have been tackled before, it has usually been by way of claims about what the common people believed in books written by members of the educated ranks about their contemporaries. In contrast, by going directly to other sources of evidence such court records and parish complaints, this book illuminates what ordinary people actually said and did.
Mark Edele
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199237562
- eISBN:
- 9780191717185
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199237562.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Upon their return, veterans had to deal with an underdeveloped and overburdened but nevertheless unavoidable state bureaucracy: ‘Stalinist normalcy’. This chapter describes and analyses both the ...
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Upon their return, veterans had to deal with an underdeveloped and overburdened but nevertheless unavoidable state bureaucracy: ‘Stalinist normalcy’. This chapter describes and analyses both the problems veterans encountered in their dealing with the bureaucrats, the structural origin of these problems, and the ways in which returned soldiers tried to get what they wanted or needed. The chapter is, thus, an investigation into a central aspect of Soviet everyday life: interactions with the state. It shows that only through active and stubborn individual lobbying through letters of complaints or supplication in person could veterans (with some luck) receive what they needed––and in some cases much more than that.Less
Upon their return, veterans had to deal with an underdeveloped and overburdened but nevertheless unavoidable state bureaucracy: ‘Stalinist normalcy’. This chapter describes and analyses both the problems veterans encountered in their dealing with the bureaucrats, the structural origin of these problems, and the ways in which returned soldiers tried to get what they wanted or needed. The chapter is, thus, an investigation into a central aspect of Soviet everyday life: interactions with the state. It shows that only through active and stubborn individual lobbying through letters of complaints or supplication in person could veterans (with some luck) receive what they needed––and in some cases much more than that.
Penney Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199282289
- eISBN:
- 9780191705441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282289.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
In most delayed CSA prosecutions, the complainant will have delayed in making her complaint, or bringing it to the attention of the authorities. There have been recent legislative and judicial ...
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In most delayed CSA prosecutions, the complainant will have delayed in making her complaint, or bringing it to the attention of the authorities. There have been recent legislative and judicial modifications to the historical common law requirement for early or recent complaint. Three legal mechanisms regulating the jury's access to information about delayed complaints are considered: cross-examination of the complainant on the issue of delay; the admissibility of a late complaint for the prosecution; and judicial warnings indicating how, if at all, jurors should incorporate the fact of late complaint into their deliberations. The use of expert evidence to explain delay in complaint is also examined. Such expert evidence is ‘counterintuitive evidence’ designed to dispel myths, misconceptions, or misunderstandings in the minds of jurors which may adversely affect their evaluation of the complainant's evidence.Less
In most delayed CSA prosecutions, the complainant will have delayed in making her complaint, or bringing it to the attention of the authorities. There have been recent legislative and judicial modifications to the historical common law requirement for early or recent complaint. Three legal mechanisms regulating the jury's access to information about delayed complaints are considered: cross-examination of the complainant on the issue of delay; the admissibility of a late complaint for the prosecution; and judicial warnings indicating how, if at all, jurors should incorporate the fact of late complaint into their deliberations. The use of expert evidence to explain delay in complaint is also examined. Such expert evidence is ‘counterintuitive evidence’ designed to dispel myths, misconceptions, or misunderstandings in the minds of jurors which may adversely affect their evaluation of the complainant's evidence.
Linxia Liang
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263990
- eISBN:
- 9780191734373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263990.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter discusses how to submit and receive a complaint in minor matters. It examines the jurisdiction for accepting a complaint, specifically the jurisdiction of magistrates. The next section ...
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This chapter discusses how to submit and receive a complaint in minor matters. It examines the jurisdiction for accepting a complaint, specifically the jurisdiction of magistrates. The next section covers the requirement concerning time limits for submitting and receiving a petition, followed by a discussion of petitioners and their agents, scriveners, and litigation masters. The proper form of the complaint and submitting and receiving a complaint are discussed in the last portion of the chapter.Less
This chapter discusses how to submit and receive a complaint in minor matters. It examines the jurisdiction for accepting a complaint, specifically the jurisdiction of magistrates. The next section covers the requirement concerning time limits for submitting and receiving a petition, followed by a discussion of petitioners and their agents, scriveners, and litigation masters. The proper form of the complaint and submitting and receiving a complaint are discussed in the last portion of the chapter.
Robin R. Churchill and Urfan Khaliq
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199217908
- eISBN:
- 9780191705380
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217908.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter reviews the operation of the collective complaints system and assesses its future potential. It describes the genesis of the system and then goes on to explain how complaints are made ...
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This chapter reviews the operation of the collective complaints system and assesses its future potential. It describes the genesis of the system and then goes on to explain how complaints are made and dealt with, before offering some thoughts about the utility and effectiveness of the system and its future prospects. In order to place the system in a general human rights context, the chapter begins by discussing the question of the justiciability of economic and social rights. It then gives an overview of mechanisms for seeking to ensure compliance by states with their obligations under other treaties concerned with such rights.Less
This chapter reviews the operation of the collective complaints system and assesses its future potential. It describes the genesis of the system and then goes on to explain how complaints are made and dealt with, before offering some thoughts about the utility and effectiveness of the system and its future prospects. In order to place the system in a general human rights context, the chapter begins by discussing the question of the justiciability of economic and social rights. It then gives an overview of mechanisms for seeking to ensure compliance by states with their obligations under other treaties concerned with such rights.
Elisa Morgera
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199558018
- eISBN:
- 9780191705311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558018.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter analyses the environmental performance standards utilized by international financial institutions working with the private sector, with a view to suggest further means to strengthen ...
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This chapter analyses the environmental performance standards utilized by international financial institutions working with the private sector, with a view to suggest further means to strengthen their application and integration in contractual loan agreements. In addition, the role of international financial institutions' complaints mechanisms is also considered as avenue for victims of corporate environmental damage. Once again, the specific case of the International Finance Corporation is analysed in detail to formulate recommendations that may be of interest for other international financial institutions.Less
This chapter analyses the environmental performance standards utilized by international financial institutions working with the private sector, with a view to suggest further means to strengthen their application and integration in contractual loan agreements. In addition, the role of international financial institutions' complaints mechanisms is also considered as avenue for victims of corporate environmental damage. Once again, the specific case of the International Finance Corporation is analysed in detail to formulate recommendations that may be of interest for other international financial institutions.
Elisa Morgera
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199558018
- eISBN:
- 9780191705311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558018.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter assesses the oversight role of human rights monitoring bodies: the United Nations and in particular the Security Council, and the OECD national contact points. It also addresses the ...
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This chapter assesses the oversight role of human rights monitoring bodies: the United Nations and in particular the Security Council, and the OECD national contact points. It also addresses the question of their increased cooperation. Recommendations are then formulated to enhance the impact of international organizations' monitoring activities, whether direct or indirect, upon private companies. The importance of systematically documenting corporate harmful conducts and the actual limits of home and host States in controlling, preventing or responding to them is underscored. So is the need to ensure closer collaboration between the different international organizations currently monitoring the environmental conduct of private companies through exchange of information, joint investigations and follow-up actions.Less
This chapter assesses the oversight role of human rights monitoring bodies: the United Nations and in particular the Security Council, and the OECD national contact points. It also addresses the question of their increased cooperation. Recommendations are then formulated to enhance the impact of international organizations' monitoring activities, whether direct or indirect, upon private companies. The importance of systematically documenting corporate harmful conducts and the actual limits of home and host States in controlling, preventing or responding to them is underscored. So is the need to ensure closer collaboration between the different international organizations currently monitoring the environmental conduct of private companies through exchange of information, joint investigations and follow-up actions.
GWILYM DODD
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199202805
- eISBN:
- 9780191708015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199202805.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter is underpinned by an assertion that private petitions and common petitions are not distinct entities. The discussion shows that common petitions grew directly out of the culture of ...
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This chapter is underpinned by an assertion that private petitions and common petitions are not distinct entities. The discussion shows that common petitions grew directly out of the culture of parliamentary complaint which the private petition had established, and that common petitions were often fed by complaints that had often initially been brought to parliament as private petitions. The discussion is divided into subsections that correlate with three distinct stages in the development of common petitions. Section i traces the early development of ‘common petitions’; section ii focuses on the point at which these collective grievances began to be written up on the parliament roll separately from private petitions by MPs; and section iii examines why common petitions began to articulate a whole range of local complaint which had previously been considered to be of private application only.Less
This chapter is underpinned by an assertion that private petitions and common petitions are not distinct entities. The discussion shows that common petitions grew directly out of the culture of parliamentary complaint which the private petition had established, and that common petitions were often fed by complaints that had often initially been brought to parliament as private petitions. The discussion is divided into subsections that correlate with three distinct stages in the development of common petitions. Section i traces the early development of ‘common petitions’; section ii focuses on the point at which these collective grievances began to be written up on the parliament roll separately from private petitions by MPs; and section iii examines why common petitions began to articulate a whole range of local complaint which had previously been considered to be of private application only.
Jonathan Lamb
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198182641
- eISBN:
- 9780191673849
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198182641.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This book draws on the book of Job as a touchstone for the contradictions and polemics that infect various 18th century works — poetry, philosophy, political oratory, accounts of exploration, ...
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This book draws on the book of Job as a touchstone for the contradictions and polemics that infect various 18th century works — poetry, philosophy, political oratory, accounts of exploration, commentaries on criminal law — which tried to account for the relations between human suffering and systems of secular and divine justice. Deliberately eschewing questions of chronology or discursive coherence, genre or topic, the author offers considerations of Richardson and Fielding, Hawkesworth and the South Pacific, Goldsmith and Godwin, Hume and Walpole, Blackstone and Bentham, Burke and Longinus, and Blackmore and Wright of Derby. Asking why it was that standard consolations, which had worked for centuries, suddenly stopped working, or were treated as insults by people who felt peculiarly isolated by misery, this wide-ranging account of the improbability of complaint in the eighteenth century offers an answer. Far from crystallising or objectifying the issue of complaint, the book of Job seems to restore its limitless and unprecedented urgency. This book examines complaints that fall into this dissident and singular category, and relates their improbability to the aesthetics of the sublime, and to current theories of practice and communication. The author focuses on William Warburton's contentious interpretation of Job, contained in his Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated (1738–1741), a prime example of the debate that emerges when Job is used as an unequivocal justification of providence.Less
This book draws on the book of Job as a touchstone for the contradictions and polemics that infect various 18th century works — poetry, philosophy, political oratory, accounts of exploration, commentaries on criminal law — which tried to account for the relations between human suffering and systems of secular and divine justice. Deliberately eschewing questions of chronology or discursive coherence, genre or topic, the author offers considerations of Richardson and Fielding, Hawkesworth and the South Pacific, Goldsmith and Godwin, Hume and Walpole, Blackstone and Bentham, Burke and Longinus, and Blackmore and Wright of Derby. Asking why it was that standard consolations, which had worked for centuries, suddenly stopped working, or were treated as insults by people who felt peculiarly isolated by misery, this wide-ranging account of the improbability of complaint in the eighteenth century offers an answer. Far from crystallising or objectifying the issue of complaint, the book of Job seems to restore its limitless and unprecedented urgency. This book examines complaints that fall into this dissident and singular category, and relates their improbability to the aesthetics of the sublime, and to current theories of practice and communication. The author focuses on William Warburton's contentious interpretation of Job, contained in his Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated (1738–1741), a prime example of the debate that emerges when Job is used as an unequivocal justification of providence.
Kevin Boyle
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199570546
- eISBN:
- 9780191705496
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570546.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The Geneva based United Nations Human Rights Council held its first session in June 2006. It replaced the Human Rights Commission whose reputation had seriously declined in its last years with ...
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The Geneva based United Nations Human Rights Council held its first session in June 2006. It replaced the Human Rights Commission whose reputation had seriously declined in its last years with accusations that it had become politicised and ineffective. This chapter examines the Commission's defects and achievements with a focus on the geo-political environment of regional and political blocs in which it operated. The Human Rights Council was established with an enhanced status as an organ of the General Assembly and directed to meet with greater frequency than the former Commission. Crucial changes from the Commission lie in the system of election of states to the Council with a new emphasis on the human rights records of candidates. The chapter assesses the work of the Human Rights Council over its first two years of existence as well as its prospects.Less
The Geneva based United Nations Human Rights Council held its first session in June 2006. It replaced the Human Rights Commission whose reputation had seriously declined in its last years with accusations that it had become politicised and ineffective. This chapter examines the Commission's defects and achievements with a focus on the geo-political environment of regional and political blocs in which it operated. The Human Rights Council was established with an enhanced status as an organ of the General Assembly and directed to meet with greater frequency than the former Commission. Crucial changes from the Commission lie in the system of election of states to the Council with a new emphasis on the human rights records of candidates. The chapter assesses the work of the Human Rights Council over its first two years of existence as well as its prospects.
Jonathan Lamb
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198182641
- eISBN:
- 9780191673849
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198182641.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This chapter argues that the rising hostility between first-person records of emergencies and a dubious and ill-used readership that can be detected in the writing and reception of Hawkesworth's ...
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This chapter argues that the rising hostility between first-person records of emergencies and a dubious and ill-used readership that can be detected in the writing and reception of Hawkesworth's Account is the analogue of Job's suffering in relation to the consolations of his comforters; of the mute integrity of the patriot to the corruption of placemen and pensioners; of the minute circumstances of the accused person to the written and unwritten law; and, indeed, of all the asymmetries of personal complaint when set against the plenary justifications of theodicy. When readers read in the manner preferred by the singular suffering party, then they will be fit to complain too. Such a transformation occurs when ambitious comforters end up as Job-figures, performing in private what they deprecate in public not because they want to but because they are ambushed by fierce intuitions of singularity. Although this sort of substitution is generally associated with sympathy in the 18th century, and with the indulgence of socially legitimate feelings of pity and compassion, it is emerging as a much more fraught and troubled encounter in the various contexts of Job; for the substitution is neither amiable in its nature nor social in its effect, but breeds irregular and savage intensities.Less
This chapter argues that the rising hostility between first-person records of emergencies and a dubious and ill-used readership that can be detected in the writing and reception of Hawkesworth's Account is the analogue of Job's suffering in relation to the consolations of his comforters; of the mute integrity of the patriot to the corruption of placemen and pensioners; of the minute circumstances of the accused person to the written and unwritten law; and, indeed, of all the asymmetries of personal complaint when set against the plenary justifications of theodicy. When readers read in the manner preferred by the singular suffering party, then they will be fit to complain too. Such a transformation occurs when ambitious comforters end up as Job-figures, performing in private what they deprecate in public not because they want to but because they are ambushed by fierce intuitions of singularity. Although this sort of substitution is generally associated with sympathy in the 18th century, and with the indulgence of socially legitimate feelings of pity and compassion, it is emerging as a much more fraught and troubled encounter in the various contexts of Job; for the substitution is neither amiable in its nature nor social in its effect, but breeds irregular and savage intensities.
William J. Koch, Kevin S. Douglas, Tonia L. Nicholls, and Melanie L. O'Neill
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195188288
- eISBN:
- 9780199870486
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188288.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
After their written opinions are in the hands of other professionals, experts often learn something important that they should have known before about the plaintiff or the phenomenon under scrutiny. ...
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After their written opinions are in the hands of other professionals, experts often learn something important that they should have known before about the plaintiff or the phenomenon under scrutiny. Then, having to own their opinions with possibly negative consequences, experts may face embarrassment in the witness box or ethics complaints. This chapter presents series of case descriptions to alert forensic assessors to problematic areas of forensic opinion. The cases all illustrate issues in psychological injury assessment that have been addressed in some form in previous chapters. Topics covered include biases and heuristics, breadth of assessment, estimations of functional disability, and inadequate historical data collection.Less
After their written opinions are in the hands of other professionals, experts often learn something important that they should have known before about the plaintiff or the phenomenon under scrutiny. Then, having to own their opinions with possibly negative consequences, experts may face embarrassment in the witness box or ethics complaints. This chapter presents series of case descriptions to alert forensic assessors to problematic areas of forensic opinion. The cases all illustrate issues in psychological injury assessment that have been addressed in some form in previous chapters. Topics covered include biases and heuristics, breadth of assessment, estimations of functional disability, and inadequate historical data collection.
M. Pollard
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198184096
- eISBN:
- 9780191674174
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198184096.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter reiterates the official complaint made by London booksellers in 1735 and again fifty years later that the Dublin trade was able to substantially undercut London book-prices. This is a ...
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This chapter reiterates the official complaint made by London booksellers in 1735 and again fifty years later that the Dublin trade was able to substantially undercut London book-prices. This is a point of considerable importance because it depends on the viability of the entire reprint trade. Given the choice of the London original or the Dublin reprint at the same price, Irish readers would invariably have chosen the former, except perhaps in times of patriotic boycott of English goods. Cost-cutting was equally important in what export trade in books was allowed by British law. The trade depended largely on reprints, and the foreign and colonial customer would again prefer the Dublin reprint only if there was a distinct price advantage. The English booksellers objected to the Irish reprint trade for two reasons: it spoilt the market for their own editions in Ireland, and illegally imported copies threatened their sales in the English provinces and to some extent in the colonies.Less
This chapter reiterates the official complaint made by London booksellers in 1735 and again fifty years later that the Dublin trade was able to substantially undercut London book-prices. This is a point of considerable importance because it depends on the viability of the entire reprint trade. Given the choice of the London original or the Dublin reprint at the same price, Irish readers would invariably have chosen the former, except perhaps in times of patriotic boycott of English goods. Cost-cutting was equally important in what export trade in books was allowed by British law. The trade depended largely on reprints, and the foreign and colonial customer would again prefer the Dublin reprint only if there was a distinct price advantage. The English booksellers objected to the Irish reprint trade for two reasons: it spoilt the market for their own editions in Ireland, and illegally imported copies threatened their sales in the English provinces and to some extent in the colonies.
SARAH WOOD
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199653768
- eISBN:
- 9780191741678
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199653768.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature, Poetry
This chapter examines Conscience's first appearance in the B text of Piers Plowman, his debate with Meed in passus 3. Earlier readers typically interpreted this scene as ‘topical’ satire, in which ...
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This chapter examines Conscience's first appearance in the B text of Piers Plowman, his debate with Meed in passus 3. Earlier readers typically interpreted this scene as ‘topical’ satire, in which Langland's personifications represent real historical figures. By contrast, this chapter demonstrates that the first vision of Piers Plowman feels topical not so much because Langland alludes to particular historical events, as because he draws on a series of literary modes—debate, slander and complaint—which are also employed by other authors, including historians such as Thomas Walsingham and the authors of debate poems such as Winner and Waster, in their own analysis of contemporary crises. In a manner typical of debate poetry, Meed is able to exploit the literal level of Conscience's representation, as a failed king's knight and leader of a retinue, in order to call into question his allegorical identity as ‘conscience’.Less
This chapter examines Conscience's first appearance in the B text of Piers Plowman, his debate with Meed in passus 3. Earlier readers typically interpreted this scene as ‘topical’ satire, in which Langland's personifications represent real historical figures. By contrast, this chapter demonstrates that the first vision of Piers Plowman feels topical not so much because Langland alludes to particular historical events, as because he draws on a series of literary modes—debate, slander and complaint—which are also employed by other authors, including historians such as Thomas Walsingham and the authors of debate poems such as Winner and Waster, in their own analysis of contemporary crises. In a manner typical of debate poetry, Meed is able to exploit the literal level of Conscience's representation, as a failed king's knight and leader of a retinue, in order to call into question his allegorical identity as ‘conscience’.
