Robert E. Goodin and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294719
- eISBN:
- 9780191599361
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294719.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Includes contributions from over 40 political scientists from around the world and surveys developments in the discipline over the past 20 years. Discusses each of the main sub‐disciplines: political ...
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Includes contributions from over 40 political scientists from around the world and surveys developments in the discipline over the past 20 years. Discusses each of the main sub‐disciplines: political institutions, political behaviour, comparative politics, international relations, political theory, public policy, administration of political economy, and political methodology.Less
Includes contributions from over 40 political scientists from around the world and surveys developments in the discipline over the past 20 years. Discusses each of the main sub‐disciplines: political institutions, political behaviour, comparative politics, international relations, political theory, public policy, administration of political economy, and political methodology.
Desmond King and Robert C. Lieberman
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195392135
- eISBN:
- 9780199852543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195392135.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter intends to draw a suppler, multidimensional picture of the American state's origins, structure, and consequences. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the significance of the state ...
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This chapter intends to draw a suppler, multidimensional picture of the American state's origins, structure, and consequences. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the significance of the state as an institutional force despite the threat of the demise of the state as the essential unit of global politics as a result of global trends. The chapter also discusses an emerging theoretical perspective in comparatives state research that intends to prove the state's resilience to forces that threatens to marginalize it. In addition, this chapter also presents the paradoxical role of the state in American political development. Likewise, the resurgence of the state in comparative politics and international relation literatures is illustrated. The chapter concludes by pointing out that the proposition that the organizing notion of the state is under threat seems overstated.Less
This chapter intends to draw a suppler, multidimensional picture of the American state's origins, structure, and consequences. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the significance of the state as an institutional force despite the threat of the demise of the state as the essential unit of global politics as a result of global trends. The chapter also discusses an emerging theoretical perspective in comparatives state research that intends to prove the state's resilience to forces that threatens to marginalize it. In addition, this chapter also presents the paradoxical role of the state in American political development. Likewise, the resurgence of the state in comparative politics and international relation literatures is illustrated. The chapter concludes by pointing out that the proposition that the organizing notion of the state is under threat seems overstated.
Peter Mair
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294719
- eISBN:
- 9780191599361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294719.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Provides an overview of the field of comparative politics, tracing changes from abstraction and generalization to mid‐level analysis caused by changes in methodological techniques. Restriction in ...
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Provides an overview of the field of comparative politics, tracing changes from abstraction and generalization to mid‐level analysis caused by changes in methodological techniques. Restriction in scope has led to institutional specificities and the analysis of the political as an independent variable. Key questions now relate to what politics does rather than what politics is. Specialization, internationalization, and professionalism are the new watchwords of comparative politics. Methodological consequences and issues are discussed.Less
Provides an overview of the field of comparative politics, tracing changes from abstraction and generalization to mid‐level analysis caused by changes in methodological techniques. Restriction in scope has led to institutional specificities and the analysis of the political as an independent variable. Key questions now relate to what politics does rather than what politics is. Specialization, internationalization, and professionalism are the new watchwords of comparative politics. Methodological consequences and issues are discussed.
David E. Apter
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294719
- eISBN:
- 9780191599361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294719.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Traces the development of intellectual traditions in comparative politics from the ‘old’ to the ‘new’. ‘Old’ comparative politics reflects a focus on institutionalism and ‘new’ comparative politics ...
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Traces the development of intellectual traditions in comparative politics from the ‘old’ to the ‘new’. ‘Old’ comparative politics reflects a focus on institutionalism and ‘new’ comparative politics has arisen in part because of the end of the Cold War, devolution of powers, the rise of social democracy in Europe, decolonization, and democratization. We are now witnessing ‘neo‐institutionalism’, characterized by a restoration of the political to centre stage, the use of rational choice perspectives, and economic analysis due to the importance of market forces and globalization.Less
Traces the development of intellectual traditions in comparative politics from the ‘old’ to the ‘new’. ‘Old’ comparative politics reflects a focus on institutionalism and ‘new’ comparative politics has arisen in part because of the end of the Cold War, devolution of powers, the rise of social democracy in Europe, decolonization, and democratization. We are now witnessing ‘neo‐institutionalism’, characterized by a restoration of the political to centre stage, the use of rational choice perspectives, and economic analysis due to the importance of market forces and globalization.
R. A. W. Rhodes, John Wanna, and Patrick Weller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199563494
- eISBN:
- 9780191722721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563494.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
This chapter examines critically the limits of existing approaches to the study of executive government in the literature on comparative politics. It identifies four main schools: the idealized ...
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This chapter examines critically the limits of existing approaches to the study of executive government in the literature on comparative politics. It identifies four main schools: the idealized Westminster genre based on particular formal-legal notions of executive government; comparative-empiricist strand that contrasts executive institutions and behaviours across nations; the functionalist depiction of the core executive based on activities and roles; and principal-agent models of executive relations informed by rational choice institutionalism. Instead, the chapter argues for an interpretive approach based on a revamped formal-legal, historical analysis of traditions, dilemmas, and court politics. It uses these concepts to explore four facets of executive government in Westminster systems: collective and responsible cabinet; the accountability of ministers; a constitutional bureaucracy of non-partisan and expert civil servants; and relations between the executive, the legislature, territory and identity.Less
This chapter examines critically the limits of existing approaches to the study of executive government in the literature on comparative politics. It identifies four main schools: the idealized Westminster genre based on particular formal-legal notions of executive government; comparative-empiricist strand that contrasts executive institutions and behaviours across nations; the functionalist depiction of the core executive based on activities and roles; and principal-agent models of executive relations informed by rational choice institutionalism. Instead, the chapter argues for an interpretive approach based on a revamped formal-legal, historical analysis of traditions, dilemmas, and court politics. It uses these concepts to explore four facets of executive government in Westminster systems: collective and responsible cabinet; the accountability of ministers; a constitutional bureaucracy of non-partisan and expert civil servants; and relations between the executive, the legislature, territory and identity.
Amy G. Mazur
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246724
- eISBN:
- 9780191599859
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246726.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Theorizing Feminist Policy intersects empirical feminist policy analysis with non‐feminist policy studies to define and contribute to the new field of Feminist Comparative Policy. The book first ...
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Theorizing Feminist Policy intersects empirical feminist policy analysis with non‐feminist policy studies to define and contribute to the new field of Feminist Comparative Policy. The book first identifies this new area of study, showing how it dialogues with Gender and Politics, Comparative Public Policy, Comparative Politics, and Public Policy Studies. Next, the book seeks to strengthen one of the weakest links of this new area, the study of explicitly feminist government action. In the remaining nine chapters, feminist policy is mapped out as a relatively new public policy sector, with eight sub‐sectors—blueprint, political representation, equal employment, reconciliation, family law, reproductive rights, sexuality and violence, and public service delivery. A qualitative and comparative framework is developed to analyse the profiles and styles of feminist policy in post‐industrial democracies in 27 different cases of feminist policy formation across 13 different countries. The initial empirical study makes the case for feminist policy as a new sector of state action, concluding tentatively that successful feminist policy formation is a subtle combination of feminist strategic partnerships, non‐feminist allies, institutions, culture, and international influences. These tentative findings also shed new light on the perennial questions of Comparative Politics and Policy: do politics, institutions, national policy style, sector, institutions, or culture matter the most in determining policy processes and outcomes? The book finishes by suggesting the next steps in developing comparative theories of feminist policy formation. Theorizing Feminist Policy, therefore, goes beyond just describing the dimensions of feminist policy from existing literature, it seeks to systematically contribute to comparative theories of how the contemporary post‐industrial state has taken on social change at the beginning of the twenty‐first century.Less
Theorizing Feminist Policy intersects empirical feminist policy analysis with non‐feminist policy studies to define and contribute to the new field of Feminist Comparative Policy. The book first identifies this new area of study, showing how it dialogues with Gender and Politics, Comparative Public Policy, Comparative Politics, and Public Policy Studies. Next, the book seeks to strengthen one of the weakest links of this new area, the study of explicitly feminist government action. In the remaining nine chapters, feminist policy is mapped out as a relatively new public policy sector, with eight sub‐sectors—blueprint, political representation, equal employment, reconciliation, family law, reproductive rights, sexuality and violence, and public service delivery. A qualitative and comparative framework is developed to analyse the profiles and styles of feminist policy in post‐industrial democracies in 27 different cases of feminist policy formation across 13 different countries. The initial empirical study makes the case for feminist policy as a new sector of state action, concluding tentatively that successful feminist policy formation is a subtle combination of feminist strategic partnerships, non‐feminist allies, institutions, culture, and international influences. These tentative findings also shed new light on the perennial questions of Comparative Politics and Policy: do politics, institutions, national policy style, sector, institutions, or culture matter the most in determining policy processes and outcomes? The book finishes by suggesting the next steps in developing comparative theories of feminist policy formation. Theorizing Feminist Policy, therefore, goes beyond just describing the dimensions of feminist policy from existing literature, it seeks to systematically contribute to comparative theories of how the contemporary post‐industrial state has taken on social change at the beginning of the twenty‐first century.
Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195144260
- eISBN:
- 9780199833931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195144260.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Most studies of Islamism have focused on the role of oppositional forces. Increasingly, states are also important Islamist actors. States pursue Islamization not only in reaction to Islamist ...
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Most studies of Islamism have focused on the role of oppositional forces. Increasingly, states are also important Islamist actors. States pursue Islamization not only in reaction to Islamist challenges but also because in Islamism they see the opportunity to address the inherent weaknesses of the postcolonial state structure, and to significantly increase the power and capacity of the state. This trend is most evident in Pakistan and Malaysia where both the weakness of the postcolonial state and the opportunity inherent in Islamization have been greatest. These cases deviate from other models of state formation in the Muslim world, and provide new insights not only into state formation in the Muslim world but also into the study of the role of religion in state expansion in comparative politics.Less
Most studies of Islamism have focused on the role of oppositional forces. Increasingly, states are also important Islamist actors. States pursue Islamization not only in reaction to Islamist challenges but also because in Islamism they see the opportunity to address the inherent weaknesses of the postcolonial state structure, and to significantly increase the power and capacity of the state. This trend is most evident in Pakistan and Malaysia where both the weakness of the postcolonial state and the opportunity inherent in Islamization have been greatest. These cases deviate from other models of state formation in the Muslim world, and provide new insights not only into state formation in the Muslim world but also into the study of the role of religion in state expansion in comparative politics.
Russell J. Dalton
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294719
- eISBN:
- 9780191599361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294719.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Political events and democratization have created emerging questions for the analysis of comparative politics. This provides opportunities to test the role of political culture, voting preferences, ...
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Political events and democratization have created emerging questions for the analysis of comparative politics. This provides opportunities to test the role of political culture, voting preferences, and the link between political norms and behaviour prior to stable democracies in equilibrium, on which formerly research has focused. Major advances in comparative political behaviour reflect the individualization of electoral behaviour in value change and modernization, and the contribution of political culture due to patterns of democratization.Less
Political events and democratization have created emerging questions for the analysis of comparative politics. This provides opportunities to test the role of political culture, voting preferences, and the link between political norms and behaviour prior to stable democracies in equilibrium, on which formerly research has focused. Major advances in comparative political behaviour reflect the individualization of electoral behaviour in value change and modernization, and the contribution of political culture due to patterns of democratization.
Dorothy McBride Stetson
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242665
- eISBN:
- 9780191600258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242666.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The introduction describes in full the comparative politics research design developed by the Research Network on Gender Politics and the State and used to study the role of women's policy agencies as ...
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The introduction describes in full the comparative politics research design developed by the Research Network on Gender Politics and the State and used to study the role of women's policy agencies as allies or adversaries of women's movement activists in influencing abortion policy and politics. The theoretical foundation integrates several theoretical strands: democratic representation, new institutionalism, and social movement impact. The chapter describes the network's theory of state feminism and provides a primer on the comparative method in policy research.Less
The introduction describes in full the comparative politics research design developed by the Research Network on Gender Politics and the State and used to study the role of women's policy agencies as allies or adversaries of women's movement activists in influencing abortion policy and politics. The theoretical foundation integrates several theoretical strands: democratic representation, new institutionalism, and social movement impact. The chapter describes the network's theory of state feminism and provides a primer on the comparative method in policy research.
William M. Lafferty and James Meadowcroft
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242016
- eISBN:
- 9780191599736
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242011.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Establishes the conceptual and methodological framework for the study of government efforts to implement sustainable development in the industrialized countries. It examines the emergence of ...
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Establishes the conceptual and methodological framework for the study of government efforts to implement sustainable development in the industrialized countries. It examines the emergence of sustainable development in international political discourse, the engagement of the social science research community with sustainable development, and the implementation problems associated with sustainable development. It anchors the understanding of sustainable development in the 1987 Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development and the subsequent international process that led on to the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. It suggests that while sustainable development will remain a politically contested concept, it also possesses a core meaning that can orient policy development.Less
Establishes the conceptual and methodological framework for the study of government efforts to implement sustainable development in the industrialized countries. It examines the emergence of sustainable development in international political discourse, the engagement of the social science research community with sustainable development, and the implementation problems associated with sustainable development. It anchors the understanding of sustainable development in the 1987 Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development and the subsequent international process that led on to the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. It suggests that while sustainable development will remain a politically contested concept, it also possesses a core meaning that can orient policy development.
Leonardo Morlino
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199244089
- eISBN:
- 9780191600364
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199244081.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
In this chapter, Leonardo Morlino presents an analytical framework for studying the implementation of constitutional norms. The aim of the first section is to isolate the guiding concepts for ...
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In this chapter, Leonardo Morlino presents an analytical framework for studying the implementation of constitutional norms. The aim of the first section is to isolate the guiding concepts for analysing constitutional design and its implementation. The second section explores the main aspects of constitutional design and the problems related to implementation in Southern Europe. The third section presents the constitutional designs of selected Eastern European countries and identifies certain implementation problems they faced. Some tentative conclusions are drawn from the empirical evidence presented in the first two sections with reference to the patterns of constitutional design implementation.Less
In this chapter, Leonardo Morlino presents an analytical framework for studying the implementation of constitutional norms. The aim of the first section is to isolate the guiding concepts for analysing constitutional design and its implementation. The second section explores the main aspects of constitutional design and the problems related to implementation in Southern Europe. The third section presents the constitutional designs of selected Eastern European countries and identifies certain implementation problems they faced. Some tentative conclusions are drawn from the empirical evidence presented in the first two sections with reference to the patterns of constitutional design implementation.
Christopher J. Anderson, André Blais, Shaun Bowler, Todd Donovan, and Ola Listhaug
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199276387
- eISBN:
- 9780191602719
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199276382.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Democratic elections are designed to create unequal outcomes—for some to win, others have to lose. This book examines the consequences of this inequality for the legitimacy of democratic political ...
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Democratic elections are designed to create unequal outcomes—for some to win, others have to lose. This book examines the consequences of this inequality for the legitimacy of democratic political institutions and systems. Using survey data collected in old and new democracies around the globe, the authors argue that losing generates ambivalent attitudes towards political authorities. Because the efficacy and ultimately the survival of democratic regimes can be seriously threatened if the losers do not consent to their loss, the central themes of this book focus on losing—how losers respond to their loss and how institutions shape losing. While there tends to be a gap in support for the political system between winners and losers, it is not ubiquitous. The book paints a picture of losers’ consent that portrays losers as political actors whose experience and whose incentives to accept defeat are shaped both by who they are as individuals as well as the political environment in which loss is given meaning. Given that the winner-loser gap in legitimacy is a persistent feature of democratic politics, the findings presented in this book have important implications for our understanding of the functioning and stability of democracies since being able to accept losing is one of the central, if not the central, requirement of democracy. The book contributes to our understanding of political legitimacy, comparative political behaviour, the comparative study of elections and political institutions, as well as issues of democratic stability, design, and transition.Less
Democratic elections are designed to create unequal outcomes—for some to win, others have to lose. This book examines the consequences of this inequality for the legitimacy of democratic political institutions and systems. Using survey data collected in old and new democracies around the globe, the authors argue that losing generates ambivalent attitudes towards political authorities. Because the efficacy and ultimately the survival of democratic regimes can be seriously threatened if the losers do not consent to their loss, the central themes of this book focus on losing—how losers respond to their loss and how institutions shape losing. While there tends to be a gap in support for the political system between winners and losers, it is not ubiquitous. The book paints a picture of losers’ consent that portrays losers as political actors whose experience and whose incentives to accept defeat are shaped both by who they are as individuals as well as the political environment in which loss is given meaning. Given that the winner-loser gap in legitimacy is a persistent feature of democratic politics, the findings presented in this book have important implications for our understanding of the functioning and stability of democracies since being able to accept losing is one of the central, if not the central, requirement of democracy. The book contributes to our understanding of political legitimacy, comparative political behaviour, the comparative study of elections and political institutions, as well as issues of democratic stability, design, and transition.
Jack Hayward and Sudhir Hazareesingh
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197262788
- eISBN:
- 9780191754210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262788.003.0022
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Vincent Wright, a towering figure in political science, was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1995. He had specialised in the history of French public administration and, on moving to Oxford ...
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Vincent Wright, a towering figure in political science, was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1995. He had specialised in the history of French public administration and, on moving to Oxford to an Official Fellowship at Nuffield College, turned more to comparative politics. Wright was co-founder of the journal West European Politics. Obituary by Jack Hayward FBA and Sudhir Hazareesingh.Less
Vincent Wright, a towering figure in political science, was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1995. He had specialised in the history of French public administration and, on moving to Oxford to an Official Fellowship at Nuffield College, turned more to comparative politics. Wright was co-founder of the journal West European Politics. Obituary by Jack Hayward FBA and Sudhir Hazareesingh.
Jeffrey Kahn
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246991
- eISBN:
- 9780191599606
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246998.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Russian Politics
Presents an overview of the book's main themes: the variety of federal approaches, the risks of conceptual confusion and path‐dependency from previous state systems, the influence of regional ...
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Presents an overview of the book's main themes: the variety of federal approaches, the risks of conceptual confusion and path‐dependency from previous state systems, the influence of regional political agendas, and the added complexities that confront multi‐ethnic and multi‐lingual states. These issues are explored at several stages of Soviet and post‐Soviet Russian political history. This book combines insights from the fields of Russian area studies, comparative law, and comparative politics. The author's methodology is presented, key terms are defined, geography and political divisions are explained (with maps), and followed by an outline of the book's chapters.Less
Presents an overview of the book's main themes: the variety of federal approaches, the risks of conceptual confusion and path‐dependency from previous state systems, the influence of regional political agendas, and the added complexities that confront multi‐ethnic and multi‐lingual states. These issues are explored at several stages of Soviet and post‐Soviet Russian political history. This book combines insights from the fields of Russian area studies, comparative law, and comparative politics. The author's methodology is presented, key terms are defined, geography and political divisions are explained (with maps), and followed by an outline of the book's chapters.
Miki Caul Kittilson and Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199608607
- eISBN:
- 9780191745799
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608607.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Theory
In most countries around the world, women continue to lag behind men in an array of political orientations and activities. Understanding why this is the case and why some countries have been more ...
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In most countries around the world, women continue to lag behind men in an array of political orientations and activities. Understanding why this is the case and why some countries have been more successful than others at moderating gender gaps in political involvement is imperative for producing stronger and more representative democracies. Cultural, socioeconomic, and political factors explain some of the gender gaps in political involvement, but not all of them. In this book, the authors argue that electoral institutions attenuate gender gaps in mass political engagement and participation by drawing women, an “undertapped” constituency, into the democratic process. Using cross-national and country-specific analyses, the authors show that electoral institutions play a complementary and significant role in reducing gender gaps in political involvement. The cross-national analyses draw on comparative survey data from a wide range and large number of countries. The cases draw out the processes underlying changes in political attitudes and behaviors with evidence from four country studies: New Zealand, Russia, France, and Uruguay. All four countries have altered their electoral institutions, either through large-scale reform of the electoral system itself or adopting gender quotas, allowing the authors to examine patterns of political involvement pre- and post-reform. The book finds that inclusive electoral systems that produce more proportional electoral outcomes have larger effects on women’s political engagement and participation than on men’s. Gender quotas also mediate women’s engagement and participation, but to a lesser degree. On the whole, the book concludes that electoral rules designed to promote social inclusion in parliament are critical for promoting social group inclusion among the electorate.Less
In most countries around the world, women continue to lag behind men in an array of political orientations and activities. Understanding why this is the case and why some countries have been more successful than others at moderating gender gaps in political involvement is imperative for producing stronger and more representative democracies. Cultural, socioeconomic, and political factors explain some of the gender gaps in political involvement, but not all of them. In this book, the authors argue that electoral institutions attenuate gender gaps in mass political engagement and participation by drawing women, an “undertapped” constituency, into the democratic process. Using cross-national and country-specific analyses, the authors show that electoral institutions play a complementary and significant role in reducing gender gaps in political involvement. The cross-national analyses draw on comparative survey data from a wide range and large number of countries. The cases draw out the processes underlying changes in political attitudes and behaviors with evidence from four country studies: New Zealand, Russia, France, and Uruguay. All four countries have altered their electoral institutions, either through large-scale reform of the electoral system itself or adopting gender quotas, allowing the authors to examine patterns of political involvement pre- and post-reform. The book finds that inclusive electoral systems that produce more proportional electoral outcomes have larger effects on women’s political engagement and participation than on men’s. Gender quotas also mediate women’s engagement and participation, but to a lesser degree. On the whole, the book concludes that electoral rules designed to promote social inclusion in parliament are critical for promoting social group inclusion among the electorate.
William M. Lafferty and James Meadowcroft
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242016
- eISBN:
- 9780191599736
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242011.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Draws general conclusions from the study of the ten governmental reactions to sustainable development. It explores explanations for the different patterns of engagement displayed by the governments. ...
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Draws general conclusions from the study of the ten governmental reactions to sustainable development. It explores explanations for the different patterns of engagement displayed by the governments. Considering the governments as a group, it also provides a preliminary assessment of the quality of the implementation effort thus far. The chapter goes on to offer a more general interpretation of the overall evolution of environmental policy in the industrialized countries over the past three decades, and relates this to contemporary scholarly concern with the concept of ‘ecological modernization’. Finally, the discussion considers the potential ‘staying power’ of the idea of sustainable development, and reflects on the long‐term viability of the sustainable development agenda.Less
Draws general conclusions from the study of the ten governmental reactions to sustainable development. It explores explanations for the different patterns of engagement displayed by the governments. Considering the governments as a group, it also provides a preliminary assessment of the quality of the implementation effort thus far. The chapter goes on to offer a more general interpretation of the overall evolution of environmental policy in the industrialized countries over the past three decades, and relates this to contemporary scholarly concern with the concept of ‘ecological modernization’. Finally, the discussion considers the potential ‘staying power’ of the idea of sustainable development, and reflects on the long‐term viability of the sustainable development agenda.
Christopher J. Anderson, André Blais, Shaun Bowler, Todd Donovan, and Ola Listhaug
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199276387
- eISBN:
- 9780191602719
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199276382.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Summarizes the arguments made in the book about the impact of election outcomes on people’s attitudes about government and reviews the evidence assembled in the empirical chapters. Specifically, it ...
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Summarizes the arguments made in the book about the impact of election outcomes on people’s attitudes about government and reviews the evidence assembled in the empirical chapters. Specifically, it reviews the differences in attitudes between those on the winning side of an election and those on the losing end across countries and individuals as well as over time. Also highlights the critical but underexamined role of losers in democratic politics. In addition, the chapter discusses the role of political institutions in understanding political behaviour. Finally, it calls on scholars to focusing on understanding the impact of elections and election outcomes on citizens’ attitudes and behaviour.Less
Summarizes the arguments made in the book about the impact of election outcomes on people’s attitudes about government and reviews the evidence assembled in the empirical chapters. Specifically, it reviews the differences in attitudes between those on the winning side of an election and those on the losing end across countries and individuals as well as over time. Also highlights the critical but underexamined role of losers in democratic politics. In addition, the chapter discusses the role of political institutions in understanding political behaviour. Finally, it calls on scholars to focusing on understanding the impact of elections and election outcomes on citizens’ attitudes and behaviour.
HeeMin Kim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813129945
- eISBN:
- 9780813135748
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813129945.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
As Asian countries emerge as global economic powers, many undergo fundamental political transformations. This book evaluates the past thirty years of political change in South Korea, including the ...
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As Asian countries emerge as global economic powers, many undergo fundamental political transformations. This book evaluates the past thirty years of political change in South Korea, including the decision of the authoritarian government to open up the political process in 1987 and the presidential impeachment of 2004. The book uses rational choice theory—which holds that individuals choose to act in ways that they think will give them the most benefit for the least cost—to explain events central to South Korea's democratization process. The book's theoretical and quantitative analysis provides a context for South Korea's remarkable transformation and offers predictions of what the future may hold for developing nations undergoing similar transitions. Combining theoretical perspectives with a policy-relevant discussion, this study sheds new light on the Korean model of democratization and makes a significant contribution to the field of comparative politics.Less
As Asian countries emerge as global economic powers, many undergo fundamental political transformations. This book evaluates the past thirty years of political change in South Korea, including the decision of the authoritarian government to open up the political process in 1987 and the presidential impeachment of 2004. The book uses rational choice theory—which holds that individuals choose to act in ways that they think will give them the most benefit for the least cost—to explain events central to South Korea's democratization process. The book's theoretical and quantitative analysis provides a context for South Korea's remarkable transformation and offers predictions of what the future may hold for developing nations undergoing similar transitions. Combining theoretical perspectives with a policy-relevant discussion, this study sheds new light on the Korean model of democratization and makes a significant contribution to the field of comparative politics.
William M. Lafferty and James Meadowcroft
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242016
- eISBN:
- 9780191599736
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242011.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter sets the studies of the engagement of ten governments with sustainable development in comparative perspective. It analyses developments under a number of headings, including interpreting ...
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This chapter sets the studies of the engagement of ten governments with sustainable development in comparative perspective. It analyses developments under a number of headings, including interpreting the concept, organizational engagement, strategic planning processes, approaches to domestic actors, measurement and monitoring, sustainable production and consumption, the global dimension, climate change, and biodiversity. Many of the findings are presented in tabular form, including a detailed analysis of government environmental policy plans and strategies for sustainable development. The chapter argues that national responses can be divided into three groups—‘enthusiastic’, ‘cautiously supportive’, and ‘disinterested’.Less
This chapter sets the studies of the engagement of ten governments with sustainable development in comparative perspective. It analyses developments under a number of headings, including interpreting the concept, organizational engagement, strategic planning processes, approaches to domestic actors, measurement and monitoring, sustainable production and consumption, the global dimension, climate change, and biodiversity. Many of the findings are presented in tabular form, including a detailed analysis of government environmental policy plans and strategies for sustainable development. The chapter argues that national responses can be divided into three groups—‘enthusiastic’, ‘cautiously supportive’, and ‘disinterested’.
John L. Campbell and Ove K. Pederson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736430
- eISBN:
- 9780199866106
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736430.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter draws on comparative political economy to explore the comparative politics of expertise. Comparative political economy in the 1970s and 1980s was largely about variation in the ...
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This chapter draws on comparative political economy to explore the comparative politics of expertise. Comparative political economy in the 1970s and 1980s was largely about variation in the institutional arrangement of political structures, or what we might call policy regimes (e.g., liberal, statist, and corporatist). It argues that what is missing is a comparable discussion of “knowledge regimes”—the institutions through which policy-relevant ideas are generated and percolate into the policy process in ways that affect economic performance. It addresses this omission by introducing and developing the concept of knowledge regimes and comparing knowledge regimes in liberal and coordinated market economies.Less
This chapter draws on comparative political economy to explore the comparative politics of expertise. Comparative political economy in the 1970s and 1980s was largely about variation in the institutional arrangement of political structures, or what we might call policy regimes (e.g., liberal, statist, and corporatist). It argues that what is missing is a comparable discussion of “knowledge regimes”—the institutions through which policy-relevant ideas are generated and percolate into the policy process in ways that affect economic performance. It addresses this omission by introducing and developing the concept of knowledge regimes and comparing knowledge regimes in liberal and coordinated market economies.
