Martin S. Jaffee
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195140675
- eISBN:
- 9780199834334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140672.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Explores the nature of oral‐performative reading and text‐interpretive tradition in the scribal community (Yakhad) associated with the Qumran ruins and the Dead Sea scrolls. The focus is upon the ...
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Explores the nature of oral‐performative reading and text‐interpretive tradition in the scribal community (Yakhad) associated with the Qumran ruins and the Dead Sea scrolls. The focus is upon the conceptions of the authority of written texts and their oral‐performative transmission as embodied in the community's written representations of the study session of the community, its own practice of textual study preserved in the Damascus Covenant (CD), and the Community Rule (1QS). The chapter shows that despite a rich tradition of interpretive reading of scriptural works and others regarded as stemming from prophecy, the Qumran Yakhad had no sense of itself as bearing an ancient tradition, either oral or written.Less
Explores the nature of oral‐performative reading and text‐interpretive tradition in the scribal community (Yakhad) associated with the Qumran ruins and the Dead Sea scrolls. The focus is upon the conceptions of the authority of written texts and their oral‐performative transmission as embodied in the community's written representations of the study session of the community, its own practice of textual study preserved in the Damascus Covenant (CD), and the Community Rule (1QS). The chapter shows that despite a rich tradition of interpretive reading of scriptural works and others regarded as stemming from prophecy, the Qumran Yakhad had no sense of itself as bearing an ancient tradition, either oral or written.
Mérida M. Rúa
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199760268
- eISBN:
- 9780199950256
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199760268.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explores issues of power in the relationship of the scholar and the community of study as well as the promises and limits of “native” research. It contends that scholars must take more ...
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This chapter explores issues of power in the relationship of the scholar and the community of study as well as the promises and limits of “native” research. It contends that scholars must take more seriously theoretical and methodological exchanges with community members, whether we are strangers or persons coming home.Less
This chapter explores issues of power in the relationship of the scholar and the community of study as well as the promises and limits of “native” research. It contends that scholars must take more seriously theoretical and methodological exchanges with community members, whether we are strangers or persons coming home.
Mike Savage
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199587650
- eISBN:
- 9780191740626
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587650.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This book examines how, between 1940 and 1970, British society was marked by the imprint of the academic social sciences in profound ways that have an enduring legacy on how we see ourselves, ...
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This book examines how, between 1940 and 1970, British society was marked by the imprint of the academic social sciences in profound ways that have an enduring legacy on how we see ourselves, focusing on how interview methods and sample surveys eclipsed literature and the community study as a means of understanding ordinary life. It draws extensively on archived qualitative social science data from the 1930s to the 1960s, which it uses to offer an account of post-war social change in Britain. The book also uses this data to conduct a new kind of historical sociology of the social sciences, one that emphasises the discontinuities in knowledge forms, and which stresses how disciplines and institutions competed with each other for reputation. Its emphasis on how social scientific forms of knowing eclipsed those from the arts and humanities during this period offers a re-thinking of the role of expertise today that will provoke social scientists, scholars in the humanities, and the general reader alike.Less
This book examines how, between 1940 and 1970, British society was marked by the imprint of the academic social sciences in profound ways that have an enduring legacy on how we see ourselves, focusing on how interview methods and sample surveys eclipsed literature and the community study as a means of understanding ordinary life. It draws extensively on archived qualitative social science data from the 1930s to the 1960s, which it uses to offer an account of post-war social change in Britain. The book also uses this data to conduct a new kind of historical sociology of the social sciences, one that emphasises the discontinuities in knowledge forms, and which stresses how disciplines and institutions competed with each other for reputation. Its emphasis on how social scientific forms of knowing eclipsed those from the arts and humanities during this period offers a re-thinking of the role of expertise today that will provoke social scientists, scholars in the humanities, and the general reader alike.
Irene Hardill and Susan Baines
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847427212
- eISBN:
- 9781447302193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847427212.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter focuses on volunteering and the VCS within communities of place. It reviews community studies, and community and public policy. It notes that the case study community of Brightville has ...
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This chapter focuses on volunteering and the VCS within communities of place. It reviews community studies, and community and public policy. It notes that the case study community of Brightville has been beset by economic deprivation, but has retained a strong sense of community. It also examines volunteering and communities, highlighting the case study of Brightville. It notes that for the last decade, the community has been an important focus for public policy, and Levitas (2000, p 191) argued that community became the central collective abstraction of New Labour, which had an increasingly communitarian mindset. It adds that community under New Labour is seen as a space of ‘opportunity, responsibility, employability and inclusion’.Less
This chapter focuses on volunteering and the VCS within communities of place. It reviews community studies, and community and public policy. It notes that the case study community of Brightville has been beset by economic deprivation, but has retained a strong sense of community. It also examines volunteering and communities, highlighting the case study of Brightville. It notes that for the last decade, the community has been an important focus for public policy, and Levitas (2000, p 191) argued that community became the central collective abstraction of New Labour, which had an increasingly communitarian mindset. It adds that community under New Labour is seen as a space of ‘opportunity, responsibility, employability and inclusion’.
Abigail A. Fagan, J. David Hawkins, Richard F. Catalano, and David P. Farrington
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190299217
- eISBN:
- 9780190299255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190299217.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter describes a randomized controlled trial of the CTC system to show that it is possible to use this type of rigorous methodology to evaluate a community-based prevention system. This ...
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This chapter describes a randomized controlled trial of the CTC system to show that it is possible to use this type of rigorous methodology to evaluate a community-based prevention system. This project, the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), involved 24 communities in seven U.S. states. The methods used to recruit communities and state-level partners to the trial, as well as the measures used to collect data from community key leaders, service providers, coalition leaders, and youth in CTC and control communities, are described. The chapter also summarizes the study’s findings, including desired changes in community-level processes, youth-reported risk and protective factors, and youth-reported behavioral health problems. Estimates of CTC’s cost benefits are provided.Less
This chapter describes a randomized controlled trial of the CTC system to show that it is possible to use this type of rigorous methodology to evaluate a community-based prevention system. This project, the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), involved 24 communities in seven U.S. states. The methods used to recruit communities and state-level partners to the trial, as well as the measures used to collect data from community key leaders, service providers, coalition leaders, and youth in CTC and control communities, are described. The chapter also summarizes the study’s findings, including desired changes in community-level processes, youth-reported risk and protective factors, and youth-reported behavioral health problems. Estimates of CTC’s cost benefits are provided.
Thomas D. Beamish
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804784429
- eISBN:
- 9780804794657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784429.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
The Conclusion provides a synoptic comparative account of the book’s findings, arguments, and conclusions. The focus is what an analysis of local civics politics lends to an understanding of risk ...
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The Conclusion provides a synoptic comparative account of the book’s findings, arguments, and conclusions. The focus is what an analysis of local civics politics lends to an understanding of risk disputes. Importantly, the Conclusion, in focusing on the civic politics of risk, shows that common political rhetoric(s) such as claims to democracy, due process, progress, and justice can mean very different things in different civic contexts that hold considerable consequence for understanding what is and is not an acceptable risk. The same terms can mean very different things given social, historical, and material legacies and the civics and discourse that locally predominate. The Conclusion also reiterates the contribution that Community at Risk makes to an impressive stock of knowledge concerning risk management, perception, and dispute, as well as civic politics, organization, and community studies. The Conclusion’s intervention is, however, equal parts new findings and synthesis.Less
The Conclusion provides a synoptic comparative account of the book’s findings, arguments, and conclusions. The focus is what an analysis of local civics politics lends to an understanding of risk disputes. Importantly, the Conclusion, in focusing on the civic politics of risk, shows that common political rhetoric(s) such as claims to democracy, due process, progress, and justice can mean very different things in different civic contexts that hold considerable consequence for understanding what is and is not an acceptable risk. The same terms can mean very different things given social, historical, and material legacies and the civics and discourse that locally predominate. The Conclusion also reiterates the contribution that Community at Risk makes to an impressive stock of knowledge concerning risk management, perception, and dispute, as well as civic politics, organization, and community studies. The Conclusion’s intervention is, however, equal parts new findings and synthesis.
Thomas D. Beamish
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804784429
- eISBN:
- 9780804794657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784429.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
The Introduction develops the context within which the federal government’s biodefense plans emerged and on which they were justified, including 9/11, the anthrax attacks, and the successive menace ...
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The Introduction develops the context within which the federal government’s biodefense plans emerged and on which they were justified, including 9/11, the anthrax attacks, and the successive menace presented by West Nile virus, SARS, and avian influenza and most recently Ebola. After discussing the context and moral panic that ensued over terrorism, which were used to justify the new federal biodefense agenda, the Introduction then turns to local manifestations of those plans and responses to them–the community cases whose civic responses are comparatively explored in Community at Risk. The Introduction then develops key terms and concepts that are relied on to investigate and understand the community cases as well as the research strategy deployed to gather relevant data, analyze it, and draw conclusions. The Introduction ends with a brief summary of how the book is organized by chapter.Less
The Introduction develops the context within which the federal government’s biodefense plans emerged and on which they were justified, including 9/11, the anthrax attacks, and the successive menace presented by West Nile virus, SARS, and avian influenza and most recently Ebola. After discussing the context and moral panic that ensued over terrorism, which were used to justify the new federal biodefense agenda, the Introduction then turns to local manifestations of those plans and responses to them–the community cases whose civic responses are comparatively explored in Community at Risk. The Introduction then develops key terms and concepts that are relied on to investigate and understand the community cases as well as the research strategy deployed to gather relevant data, analyze it, and draw conclusions. The Introduction ends with a brief summary of how the book is organized by chapter.
Abigail A. Fagan, J. David Hawkins, Richard F. Catalano, and David P. Farrington
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190299217
- eISBN:
- 9780190299255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190299217.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance, Urban and Rural Studies
The chapter reviews how EBIs are typically evaluated. Evaluation usually begins with small pilot studies that examine implementation processes and feasibility and gather input from community members ...
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The chapter reviews how EBIs are typically evaluated. Evaluation usually begins with small pilot studies that examine implementation processes and feasibility and gather input from community members on training and implementation needs. The next stages involve efficacy trials, such as randomized experiments to evaluate intervention impact and larger scale effectiveness and dissemination trials to understand how EBIs can be implemented at scale. This chapter describes how CTC has been evaluated following these stages. Early pilot studies examined its implementation procedures and feasibility, feedback from communities was used to improve the CTC system, and larger scale studies evaluated its impact on community rates of youth behavioral health problems. The research used to create valid and reliable measures of community processes is described, including the methods used to create the CTC Youth Survey that measures a comprehensive set of risk and protective factors and behavioral health problems across youth in a community.Less
The chapter reviews how EBIs are typically evaluated. Evaluation usually begins with small pilot studies that examine implementation processes and feasibility and gather input from community members on training and implementation needs. The next stages involve efficacy trials, such as randomized experiments to evaluate intervention impact and larger scale effectiveness and dissemination trials to understand how EBIs can be implemented at scale. This chapter describes how CTC has been evaluated following these stages. Early pilot studies examined its implementation procedures and feasibility, feedback from communities was used to improve the CTC system, and larger scale studies evaluated its impact on community rates of youth behavioral health problems. The research used to create valid and reliable measures of community processes is described, including the methods used to create the CTC Youth Survey that measures a comprehensive set of risk and protective factors and behavioral health problems across youth in a community.
Josh Pacewicz
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226402550
- eISBN:
- 9780226402727
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226402727.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Since the 1970s, American political parties and voters have diverged: politicians and party leaders have grown more polarized, while voters’ ambivalence towards the two parties and preferences for ...
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Since the 1970s, American political parties and voters have diverged: politicians and party leaders have grown more polarized, while voters’ ambivalence towards the two parties and preferences for outside-the-beltway candidates has increased. This book explains this divergence by examining connections between urban and partisan politics, focusing especially on the relationship between grassroots community leaders with the two parties. Drawing on a comparative ethnographic community study of two rust belt cities in Iowa during the 2008 and 2012 election cycle, the book shows how Keynesian-era regulations created factions in urban politics and led community leaders to see partisan engagement as part of their public personae. After the 1980s, neoliberal federal reforms re-oriented community governance around broad-based partnerships, which community leaders see as inconsistent with partisan engagement. The book argues that community leaders’ withdrawal from grassroots parties empowers ideologically-motivated activists, thus polarizing America’s political class and setting into motion dynamics like the Tea Party and 2010s-era populist campaigns.Less
Since the 1970s, American political parties and voters have diverged: politicians and party leaders have grown more polarized, while voters’ ambivalence towards the two parties and preferences for outside-the-beltway candidates has increased. This book explains this divergence by examining connections between urban and partisan politics, focusing especially on the relationship between grassroots community leaders with the two parties. Drawing on a comparative ethnographic community study of two rust belt cities in Iowa during the 2008 and 2012 election cycle, the book shows how Keynesian-era regulations created factions in urban politics and led community leaders to see partisan engagement as part of their public personae. After the 1980s, neoliberal federal reforms re-oriented community governance around broad-based partnerships, which community leaders see as inconsistent with partisan engagement. The book argues that community leaders’ withdrawal from grassroots parties empowers ideologically-motivated activists, thus polarizing America’s political class and setting into motion dynamics like the Tea Party and 2010s-era populist campaigns.
Thomas D. Beamish
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804784429
- eISBN:
- 9780804794657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784429.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
Chapter 1 explains the theoretical backdrop and analytical framework that organize the book’s analysis. The chapter begins by outlining contemporary conditions in risk society where societal ...
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Chapter 1 explains the theoretical backdrop and analytical framework that organize the book’s analysis. The chapter begins by outlining contemporary conditions in risk society where societal relations among civil society, government, and industry have been transformed in the twenty-first-century United States. In this context, risk and its management at the individual, local, and national levels have become the predominant concerns and bases for “risk dispute.” Chapter 1 also describes how previous scholarship has theorized risk management and risk perception, as well as civic and community engagement and risk dispute. The chapter ends with how Community at Risk contributes to this and related areas of research.Less
Chapter 1 explains the theoretical backdrop and analytical framework that organize the book’s analysis. The chapter begins by outlining contemporary conditions in risk society where societal relations among civil society, government, and industry have been transformed in the twenty-first-century United States. In this context, risk and its management at the individual, local, and national levels have become the predominant concerns and bases for “risk dispute.” Chapter 1 also describes how previous scholarship has theorized risk management and risk perception, as well as civic and community engagement and risk dispute. The chapter ends with how Community at Risk contributes to this and related areas of research.
Josh Pacewicz
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226402550
- eISBN:
- 9780226402727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226402727.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter introduces “River City” and “Prairieville,” cities which illustrate the book’s arguments. Using ethnographic observations, the chapter shows that union leaders and business owners—who ...
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This chapter introduces “River City” and “Prairieville,” cities which illustrate the book’s arguments. Using ethnographic observations, the chapter shows that union leaders and business owners—who were once central in community governance—traditionally took leading roles in the local Democratic and Republic party. After the 1980s, these traditional leaders disappeared or shifted focus to economic development and withdrew from parties, thus allowing ideological activists to take over. The chapter then introduces the book’s central arguments. First, community leaders’ status competition, or game, is structured by federal policies, which changed in the 1980s as reforms in bureaucracies regulating finance, social service provision, and urban development created opportunities for community leaders who identify as partners to rise in public prominence. Second, the chapter argues that people use local public life as a heuristic for making sense of politics. Whereas older residents saw politics through the framework of a labor-business struggle, younger informants identified as apolitical partners or hyper-partisan partisans, identities that failed to provide a reliable political guide. The chapter also introduces the book’s analytical approach, which triangulates ethnography and archival sources in two cities with scholarship on American federalism, political parties, civil society, urban governance, and voting behavior.Less
This chapter introduces “River City” and “Prairieville,” cities which illustrate the book’s arguments. Using ethnographic observations, the chapter shows that union leaders and business owners—who were once central in community governance—traditionally took leading roles in the local Democratic and Republic party. After the 1980s, these traditional leaders disappeared or shifted focus to economic development and withdrew from parties, thus allowing ideological activists to take over. The chapter then introduces the book’s central arguments. First, community leaders’ status competition, or game, is structured by federal policies, which changed in the 1980s as reforms in bureaucracies regulating finance, social service provision, and urban development created opportunities for community leaders who identify as partners to rise in public prominence. Second, the chapter argues that people use local public life as a heuristic for making sense of politics. Whereas older residents saw politics through the framework of a labor-business struggle, younger informants identified as apolitical partners or hyper-partisan partisans, identities that failed to provide a reliable political guide. The chapter also introduces the book’s analytical approach, which triangulates ethnography and archival sources in two cities with scholarship on American federalism, political parties, civil society, urban governance, and voting behavior.
Thomas D. Beamish
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804784429
- eISBN:
- 9780804794657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784429.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
Chapter 3 empirically examines the risk dispute that erupted in Davis, California, and how the community’s style of home rule civics and discourse shaped local deliberations regarding the University ...
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Chapter 3 empirically examines the risk dispute that erupted in Davis, California, and how the community’s style of home rule civics and discourse shaped local deliberations regarding the University of California–Davis’s (UCD) biodefense plans. The chapter develops the role that Davis’s civic and political history has played in generating a field of political relations and set of value claims that heavily influenced civic dynamics in town. The chapter specifically focuses on the political-cultural resources mobilized to justify local opposition in the risk dispute surrounding UCD’s biodefense ambitions, while also addressing the counterclaims of those who supported the university and its plans. Chapter 3 demonstrates that the claims levied in the risk dispute emerged from a specific civic and political legacy; they were not new, although they targeted a new technology and risk management plan.Less
Chapter 3 empirically examines the risk dispute that erupted in Davis, California, and how the community’s style of home rule civics and discourse shaped local deliberations regarding the University of California–Davis’s (UCD) biodefense plans. The chapter develops the role that Davis’s civic and political history has played in generating a field of political relations and set of value claims that heavily influenced civic dynamics in town. The chapter specifically focuses on the political-cultural resources mobilized to justify local opposition in the risk dispute surrounding UCD’s biodefense ambitions, while also addressing the counterclaims of those who supported the university and its plans. Chapter 3 demonstrates that the claims levied in the risk dispute emerged from a specific civic and political legacy; they were not new, although they targeted a new technology and risk management plan.
Thomas D. Beamish
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804784429
- eISBN:
- 9780804794657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784429.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
Chapter 5 empirically assesses civic response in Galveston where a managed civics and discourse predominated, wherein the civically engaged mostly downplayed the risks posed by federal biodefense ...
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Chapter 5 empirically assesses civic response in Galveston where a managed civics and discourse predominated, wherein the civically engaged mostly downplayed the risks posed by federal biodefense plans and a local NBL and, instead, emphasized its possible contributions to their island’s and the nation’s—even the world’s—“progress.” Residents expressed little of the skepticism shared in the other cases and mostly faith in the power of humankind, with the aid of enlightened leadership, scientific knowledge, technology, and economy to progressively improve and reshape their island community for the better. As with the other cases, Galveston’s civically engaged relied on claims and justifications that emerged from a specific civic and political history. That legacy and the civic relations, conventions, and virtues associated with that history helped ease locals toward accepting and eventually embracing biodefense plans and an NBL as an asset to both them and their collective future on the island.Less
Chapter 5 empirically assesses civic response in Galveston where a managed civics and discourse predominated, wherein the civically engaged mostly downplayed the risks posed by federal biodefense plans and a local NBL and, instead, emphasized its possible contributions to their island’s and the nation’s—even the world’s—“progress.” Residents expressed little of the skepticism shared in the other cases and mostly faith in the power of humankind, with the aid of enlightened leadership, scientific knowledge, technology, and economy to progressively improve and reshape their island community for the better. As with the other cases, Galveston’s civically engaged relied on claims and justifications that emerged from a specific civic and political history. That legacy and the civic relations, conventions, and virtues associated with that history helped ease locals toward accepting and eventually embracing biodefense plans and an NBL as an asset to both them and their collective future on the island.
Thomas D. Beamish
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804784429
- eISBN:
- 9780804794657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784429.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
Chapter 4 relates response in Roxbury, Massachusetts—a section of Boston where a group formed in opposition to Boston University’s bid to host an NBL. Civic partisans there invoked a direct action ...
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Chapter 4 relates response in Roxbury, Massachusetts—a section of Boston where a group formed in opposition to Boston University’s bid to host an NBL. Civic partisans there invoked a direct action style of civics and discourse reflective of local civic history, ongoing civic relations, and resonant civic virtues. In this context, the NBL was regarded as an environmental injustice insofar as its placement in Roxbury reflected the political disenfranchisement of neighborhood residents based on their race and class positions. Risk acceptability and dispute therefore echoed social and political history in which de facto segregation, municipal neglect, and ongoing marginalization of the neighborhood’s minority residents left them suspicious of both “white” trustee institutions and those from outside their neighborhood. Chapter 3 demonstrates that in Roxbury claims making emerged from a specific civic and political legacy where claims were not new even if the proposed NBL was.Less
Chapter 4 relates response in Roxbury, Massachusetts—a section of Boston where a group formed in opposition to Boston University’s bid to host an NBL. Civic partisans there invoked a direct action style of civics and discourse reflective of local civic history, ongoing civic relations, and resonant civic virtues. In this context, the NBL was regarded as an environmental injustice insofar as its placement in Roxbury reflected the political disenfranchisement of neighborhood residents based on their race and class positions. Risk acceptability and dispute therefore echoed social and political history in which de facto segregation, municipal neglect, and ongoing marginalization of the neighborhood’s minority residents left them suspicious of both “white” trustee institutions and those from outside their neighborhood. Chapter 3 demonstrates that in Roxbury claims making emerged from a specific civic and political legacy where claims were not new even if the proposed NBL was.
Thomas D. Beamish
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804784429
- eISBN:
- 9780804794657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784429.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
Chapter 2 sets up the analysis pursued in subsequent chapters. It does so through a focus on the “risk communication” strategies deployed by local universities that sought to secure funding and ...
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Chapter 2 sets up the analysis pursued in subsequent chapters. It does so through a focus on the “risk communication” strategies deployed by local universities that sought to secure funding and support for their bids for an NBL. It was in those strategies that the local civic dialogue began in each civic and community context. It is in part the great similarity in risk communication strategies, coupled with variable local response, that makes comparing them so informative. Chapter 2 provides an important justification for the book’s comparative argument: that variation at the community level was mostly a function of local civic dynamics, not distinctive university risk communication strategies. In the context of established civics and discourse, even an issue like biodefense, while “new,” was locally understood via events, experiences, and beliefs that were a priori to it, requiring an analysis of such civic dimensions to apprehend and explain local response.Less
Chapter 2 sets up the analysis pursued in subsequent chapters. It does so through a focus on the “risk communication” strategies deployed by local universities that sought to secure funding and support for their bids for an NBL. It was in those strategies that the local civic dialogue began in each civic and community context. It is in part the great similarity in risk communication strategies, coupled with variable local response, that makes comparing them so informative. Chapter 2 provides an important justification for the book’s comparative argument: that variation at the community level was mostly a function of local civic dynamics, not distinctive university risk communication strategies. In the context of established civics and discourse, even an issue like biodefense, while “new,” was locally understood via events, experiences, and beliefs that were a priori to it, requiring an analysis of such civic dimensions to apprehend and explain local response.
Thomas D. Beamish
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804784429
- eISBN:
- 9780804794657
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784429.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
The anthrax attacks of 2001 provoked deep concern and urgency among U.S. security elites regarding bioterrorism. Coming after 9/11 and followed by the successive menace of West Nile virus, SARS, ...
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The anthrax attacks of 2001 provoked deep concern and urgency among U.S. security elites regarding bioterrorism. Coming after 9/11 and followed by the successive menace of West Nile virus, SARS, avian influenza, and most recently Ebola these events prompted the federal government to pursue an aggressive new biodefense agenda. Even given the purported menace of bio-catastrophe, however, the new federal risk management plans stirred controversy. Community at Risk provides a comparative view of that controversy as it ensued in three communities where universities sought to host and manage National Biocontainment Laboratories (NBL) on behalf of the federal government. NBLs are a cornerstone of federal biodefense plans; they are ultrasecure laboratories where research on the most dangerous diseases can be conducted and microbiological and biomedical applications can be rapidly developed and deployed. By comparing community responses, the book highlights the role that local civic political dynamics play in defining what is at stake and perceptions of acceptable and unacceptable risk. It explains the civic politics of risk as rooted in locally shared governance conventions, politicized relations, and resonant virtues that clustered in each community context as a prevailing civics and discourse. In one community, the prevailing civics and discourse helped to ease locals toward acceptance, while in the other two communities, they helped to intensify skepticism and risk dispute. Through comparative analysis, the book shows why societal attempts to manage risk require greater attention to the local level where public understanding is often forged and political engagement arises and unfolds.Less
The anthrax attacks of 2001 provoked deep concern and urgency among U.S. security elites regarding bioterrorism. Coming after 9/11 and followed by the successive menace of West Nile virus, SARS, avian influenza, and most recently Ebola these events prompted the federal government to pursue an aggressive new biodefense agenda. Even given the purported menace of bio-catastrophe, however, the new federal risk management plans stirred controversy. Community at Risk provides a comparative view of that controversy as it ensued in three communities where universities sought to host and manage National Biocontainment Laboratories (NBL) on behalf of the federal government. NBLs are a cornerstone of federal biodefense plans; they are ultrasecure laboratories where research on the most dangerous diseases can be conducted and microbiological and biomedical applications can be rapidly developed and deployed. By comparing community responses, the book highlights the role that local civic political dynamics play in defining what is at stake and perceptions of acceptable and unacceptable risk. It explains the civic politics of risk as rooted in locally shared governance conventions, politicized relations, and resonant virtues that clustered in each community context as a prevailing civics and discourse. In one community, the prevailing civics and discourse helped to ease locals toward acceptance, while in the other two communities, they helped to intensify skepticism and risk dispute. Through comparative analysis, the book shows why societal attempts to manage risk require greater attention to the local level where public understanding is often forged and political engagement arises and unfolds.
Anne Newman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226071749
- eISBN:
- 9780226071886
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226071886.003.0006
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
In Chapter 5, I examine rights claims that are expressed and pursued outside courtrooms through a case study of a leading community organization, Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth in San ...
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In Chapter 5, I examine rights claims that are expressed and pursued outside courtrooms through a case study of a leading community organization, Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth in San Francisco, that has long advocated for children’s rights in the education arena. The purpose of this case study is two-fold: to demonstrate how the rights claims I have argued for can be powerful tools in democratic politics in the US, and to suggest ways in which deliberative theory needs to be revised in light of the inequalities that advocates face as they employ rights claims. I consider what type of citizenship and view of politics Coleman’s efforts endorse, and how it uses rights discourse to advance its education reform goals. I also consider how deliberative ideals may need to be relaxed to make room for rights-based advocacy in non-ideal conditions.Less
In Chapter 5, I examine rights claims that are expressed and pursued outside courtrooms through a case study of a leading community organization, Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth in San Francisco, that has long advocated for children’s rights in the education arena. The purpose of this case study is two-fold: to demonstrate how the rights claims I have argued for can be powerful tools in democratic politics in the US, and to suggest ways in which deliberative theory needs to be revised in light of the inequalities that advocates face as they employ rights claims. I consider what type of citizenship and view of politics Coleman’s efforts endorse, and how it uses rights discourse to advance its education reform goals. I also consider how deliberative ideals may need to be relaxed to make room for rights-based advocacy in non-ideal conditions.
Patricia Cohen
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199657018
- eISBN:
- 9780191748097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199657018.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter reviews measurement issues related to life course epidemiology. Issues include thinking through questions to be addressed and potential sources of information including and beyond that ...
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This chapter reviews measurement issues related to life course epidemiology. Issues include thinking through questions to be addressed and potential sources of information including and beyond that to be obtained from cohort members, family, friends, and/or official records. Established interview assessments of psychiatric disorders cover a range of ages, inclusion of many disorders or, sometimes, only those most prevalent. Some longitudinal studies examine the extended course of a particular disorder based on clinical samples. Others, more broadly, focus on general or high risk populations. Measure planning begins by reviewing the broad areas in which data have already suggested risks related to the targeted psychiatric disorders or symptoms. The potential domains of relevant measures are discussed, including measure selection, sequence, and administration issues. Critical measurement issues of reliability and validity are briefly introduced.Less
This chapter reviews measurement issues related to life course epidemiology. Issues include thinking through questions to be addressed and potential sources of information including and beyond that to be obtained from cohort members, family, friends, and/or official records. Established interview assessments of psychiatric disorders cover a range of ages, inclusion of many disorders or, sometimes, only those most prevalent. Some longitudinal studies examine the extended course of a particular disorder based on clinical samples. Others, more broadly, focus on general or high risk populations. Measure planning begins by reviewing the broad areas in which data have already suggested risks related to the targeted psychiatric disorders or symptoms. The potential domains of relevant measures are discussed, including measure selection, sequence, and administration issues. Critical measurement issues of reliability and validity are briefly introduced.
David M. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346018
- eISBN:
- 9781447302872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346018.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter examines the impact of changing labour markets and social policies on the life chances and working lives of a group of economically marginal individuals, on the locality that they ...
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This chapter examines the impact of changing labour markets and social policies on the life chances and working lives of a group of economically marginal individuals, on the locality that they inhabit, and on their social relations. It explores ‘adaptive reactions’ of residents of one largely white, working-class housing estate in outer south London to wider societal changes, and how they attempt to maintain a positive sense of self and material stability in the context of local labour market conditions, low wages, and the workings of social policy. It observes that community studies have the potential to act as testing grounds for abstract theories of social change through illuminating local expression of large-scale social processes, and revealing active involvement of individuals in the shaping of their social worlds.Less
This chapter examines the impact of changing labour markets and social policies on the life chances and working lives of a group of economically marginal individuals, on the locality that they inhabit, and on their social relations. It explores ‘adaptive reactions’ of residents of one largely white, working-class housing estate in outer south London to wider societal changes, and how they attempt to maintain a positive sense of self and material stability in the context of local labour market conditions, low wages, and the workings of social policy. It observes that community studies have the potential to act as testing grounds for abstract theories of social change through illuminating local expression of large-scale social processes, and revealing active involvement of individuals in the shaping of their social worlds.
Mary Barr
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226156323
- eISBN:
- 9780226156637
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226156637.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Growing up in a progressive and affluent suburb certainly has its advantages, but not everyone reaps the benefits of their privileged surroundings. This book examines the differences that race, ...
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Growing up in a progressive and affluent suburb certainly has its advantages, but not everyone reaps the benefits of their privileged surroundings. This book examines the differences that race, class, and gender can make, by focusing on the life stories of thirteen individuals, all of whom call Evanston their hometown. It also documents the rise and fall of the Civil Rights Movement in Evanston, an affluent suburb north of Chicago. Evanston’s black community dates back to the mid-nineteenth century when southerner’s migrated north to work as servants in mansions that lined Lake Michigan’s shore. Originally a respite from urban life for the elite, by the 1960s Evanston was drawing white liberals seeking racial and economic diversity. An African American community firmly established, blacks and whites worked together during the sixties to integrate public schools and adapt a strong open-housing ordinance. I uncover a deep gulf between dominant discourses about the success of civil rights policies and lived experiences of racial discrimination since the 1970s. Themes of institutional failure, entrenched inequality, and moral ambiguity run through Evanston’s history.Less
Growing up in a progressive and affluent suburb certainly has its advantages, but not everyone reaps the benefits of their privileged surroundings. This book examines the differences that race, class, and gender can make, by focusing on the life stories of thirteen individuals, all of whom call Evanston their hometown. It also documents the rise and fall of the Civil Rights Movement in Evanston, an affluent suburb north of Chicago. Evanston’s black community dates back to the mid-nineteenth century when southerner’s migrated north to work as servants in mansions that lined Lake Michigan’s shore. Originally a respite from urban life for the elite, by the 1960s Evanston was drawing white liberals seeking racial and economic diversity. An African American community firmly established, blacks and whites worked together during the sixties to integrate public schools and adapt a strong open-housing ordinance. I uncover a deep gulf between dominant discourses about the success of civil rights policies and lived experiences of racial discrimination since the 1970s. Themes of institutional failure, entrenched inequality, and moral ambiguity run through Evanston’s history.
