Sabina Alkire
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199245796
- eISBN:
- 9780191600838
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199245797.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Each of the four chapters of Part I of the book synthesizes one aspect that must be specified in the operationalization of the capability approach, then proposes a framework for doing so. This fourth ...
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Each of the four chapters of Part I of the book synthesizes one aspect that must be specified in the operationalization of the capability approach, then proposes a framework for doing so. This fourth chapter considers the relationship between choice, self‐direction, and the construction of cultural values and identities. It analyses the different possible values of community participation in poverty reduction initiatives, and also draws out considerations regarding the responsibilities that outside actors may have in generating and providing to decision‐makers the information necessary to make informed choices. It draws Amartya Sen's capability approach into discussion with the participatory processes that have been common in micro‐economic development initiatives, and that are becoming increasingly popular in macroeconomic approaches as well, and, in particular, focuses on community participation in development activities that are partly supported by resources external to the community, whether these be from regional or national government, NGOs, or other sources. The main sections of the chapter are: Participation: Means, Ends, Debate, and Identity; Subsidiarity; and External Assistance.Less
Each of the four chapters of Part I of the book synthesizes one aspect that must be specified in the operationalization of the capability approach, then proposes a framework for doing so. This fourth chapter considers the relationship between choice, self‐direction, and the construction of cultural values and identities. It analyses the different possible values of community participation in poverty reduction initiatives, and also draws out considerations regarding the responsibilities that outside actors may have in generating and providing to decision‐makers the information necessary to make informed choices. It draws Amartya Sen's capability approach into discussion with the participatory processes that have been common in micro‐economic development initiatives, and that are becoming increasingly popular in macroeconomic approaches as well, and, in particular, focuses on community participation in development activities that are partly supported by resources external to the community, whether these be from regional or national government, NGOs, or other sources. The main sections of the chapter are: Participation: Means, Ends, Debate, and Identity; Subsidiarity; and External Assistance.
Koen P.R. Bartels
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447318507
- eISBN:
- 9781447318521
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447318507.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Participatory democracy has become an unshakable norm and widespread practice. Nowadays, public professionals and citizens regularly encounter each other in participatory practice to address shared ...
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Participatory democracy has become an unshakable norm and widespread practice. Nowadays, public professionals and citizens regularly encounter each other in participatory practice to address shared problems. But while the frequency, pace, and diversity of their public encounters has increased, communicating productively in participatory practice remains a challenging, fragile, and demanding undertaking that often runs astray. This book explores how citizens and public professionals communicate, why this is so difficult, and what could lead to more productive conversations. This done by comparing cases of community participation in neighbourhood governance in three European countries (the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Italy). An emergent, grounded theory is presented based on interpretive research of the narratives citizens and public professionals tell about participatory practice. The theory of communicative capacity holds that citizens and public professionals tend to sustain habitual communicative patterns that limit their ability to cooperatively solve the problems they are facing together. Therefore, they need the ability to recognise and break through these habitual patterns by adapting the nature, tone, and conditions of conversations to the ‘law of the situation’. Exercising communicative capacity will enable public professionals and citizens to have more integrative encounters leading to shared understandings, joint activities, and cooperative relating. As such, the book presents policy makers, practitioners, students, and academics with a much needed evidence base for understanding and appreciating the often overlooked impact of communicative practices in participatory theory and practice.Less
Participatory democracy has become an unshakable norm and widespread practice. Nowadays, public professionals and citizens regularly encounter each other in participatory practice to address shared problems. But while the frequency, pace, and diversity of their public encounters has increased, communicating productively in participatory practice remains a challenging, fragile, and demanding undertaking that often runs astray. This book explores how citizens and public professionals communicate, why this is so difficult, and what could lead to more productive conversations. This done by comparing cases of community participation in neighbourhood governance in three European countries (the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Italy). An emergent, grounded theory is presented based on interpretive research of the narratives citizens and public professionals tell about participatory practice. The theory of communicative capacity holds that citizens and public professionals tend to sustain habitual communicative patterns that limit their ability to cooperatively solve the problems they are facing together. Therefore, they need the ability to recognise and break through these habitual patterns by adapting the nature, tone, and conditions of conversations to the ‘law of the situation’. Exercising communicative capacity will enable public professionals and citizens to have more integrative encounters leading to shared understandings, joint activities, and cooperative relating. As such, the book presents policy makers, practitioners, students, and academics with a much needed evidence base for understanding and appreciating the often overlooked impact of communicative practices in participatory theory and practice.
Michael A. Fontaine
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195165128
- eISBN:
- 9780199835751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195165128.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter illustrates the importance of formal and informal roles within a community of practice. These roles, which range from planning community events to maintaining a community website, can ...
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This chapter illustrates the importance of formal and informal roles within a community of practice. These roles, which range from planning community events to maintaining a community website, can help foster community participation and ensure that both individuals and organizations are making the most of their community investment. The chapter describes a study of communities in eighteen firms, which led to the identification of eleven formal and informal community roles.Less
This chapter illustrates the importance of formal and informal roles within a community of practice. These roles, which range from planning community events to maintaining a community website, can help foster community participation and ensure that both individuals and organizations are making the most of their community investment. The chapter describes a study of communities in eighteen firms, which led to the identification of eleven formal and informal community roles.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195125467
- eISBN:
- 9780199864188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195125467.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Social work practitioners need guiding principles to help them analyze and develop macro interventions. Guiding principles play important roles in helping practitioners decide how practice must be ...
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Social work practitioners need guiding principles to help them analyze and develop macro interventions. Guiding principles play important roles in helping practitioners decide how practice must be conceptualized and carried out. This chapter presents six key principles that are critical for bringing to fruition all the potential that capacity enhancement is capable of achieving. These principles are: (1) create community participation stressing inter-ethnic-racial relations; (2) adopt and build community spirit as a central goal; (3) systematically build intergenerational activities into interventions; (4) implement interorganizational (formal and informal) collaborative goals; (5) have community capacity enhancement as a central goal; and (6) stress grassroots funding when possible.Less
Social work practitioners need guiding principles to help them analyze and develop macro interventions. Guiding principles play important roles in helping practitioners decide how practice must be conceptualized and carried out. This chapter presents six key principles that are critical for bringing to fruition all the potential that capacity enhancement is capable of achieving. These principles are: (1) create community participation stressing inter-ethnic-racial relations; (2) adopt and build community spirit as a central goal; (3) systematically build intergenerational activities into interventions; (4) implement interorganizational (formal and informal) collaborative goals; (5) have community capacity enhancement as a central goal; and (6) stress grassroots funding when possible.
Meredith Minkler and Alicia L. Salvatore
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751877
- eISBN:
- 9780199933242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751877.003.0010
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter seeks to demonstrate the value added from community participation to the research process itself. It shows how Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) methods are useful in the ...
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This chapter seeks to demonstrate the value added from community participation to the research process itself. It shows how Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) methods are useful in the dissemination and implementation (D&I) of research findings and some of the lessons from CBPR for D&I research. It discusses challenges that can play out in participatory research, followed by a more detailed examination of the specific ways in which a CBPR approach can enhance the D&I of research findings through collaborative design, analysis, dissemination, and research translation. A case study of a community-university-health department CBPR project that endeavored to study and improve the health and working conditions of restaurant workers in San Francisco's Chinatown District is presented. Then, some of the methods used to involve all partners in study design, data analysis, and translation of findings into action, as well as some of the benefits of doing so, are discussed. Finally, key lessons learned, through this and other CBPR efforts, are shared, and their implications for improving the breadth and effectiveness of the critical dissemination and implementation phases of research are summarized.Less
This chapter seeks to demonstrate the value added from community participation to the research process itself. It shows how Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) methods are useful in the dissemination and implementation (D&I) of research findings and some of the lessons from CBPR for D&I research. It discusses challenges that can play out in participatory research, followed by a more detailed examination of the specific ways in which a CBPR approach can enhance the D&I of research findings through collaborative design, analysis, dissemination, and research translation. A case study of a community-university-health department CBPR project that endeavored to study and improve the health and working conditions of restaurant workers in San Francisco's Chinatown District is presented. Then, some of the methods used to involve all partners in study design, data analysis, and translation of findings into action, as well as some of the benefits of doing so, are discussed. Finally, key lessons learned, through this and other CBPR efforts, are shared, and their implications for improving the breadth and effectiveness of the critical dissemination and implementation phases of research are summarized.
MELVIN DELGADO and DENISE HUMM-DELGADO
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199735846
- eISBN:
- 9780199315864
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735846.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Moving the knowledge base forward on community capacity and asset assessment is hampered by multiple definitions of these concepts. The concept of “assets” is often called by many different names in ...
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Moving the knowledge base forward on community capacity and asset assessment is hampered by multiple definitions of these concepts. The concept of “assets” is often called by many different names in the literature and in practice, with “capacity” and “capital” being two of the most prominent usages, and this adds to the challenge of developing a body of knowledge to which all relevant professions can contribute in a systematic manner. Although the concept of “capital” has a legion of followers, as is shown later on in this chapter, it, too, has its share of critics. Both perspectives are highlighted in this chapter to allow the reader to make an informed judgment on how best to conceptualize and categorize community assets.Less
Moving the knowledge base forward on community capacity and asset assessment is hampered by multiple definitions of these concepts. The concept of “assets” is often called by many different names in the literature and in practice, with “capacity” and “capital” being two of the most prominent usages, and this adds to the challenge of developing a body of knowledge to which all relevant professions can contribute in a systematic manner. Although the concept of “capital” has a legion of followers, as is shown later on in this chapter, it, too, has its share of critics. Both perspectives are highlighted in this chapter to allow the reader to make an informed judgment on how best to conceptualize and categorize community assets.
Steve Rolfe, Claire Bynner, and Annette Hastings
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447349778
- eISBN:
- 9781447349792
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447349778.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter explores the interactions between the changing nature of Glasgow and contemporary community activism. Utilising three case studies of community activism in very different neighbourhoods, ...
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This chapter explores the interactions between the changing nature of Glasgow and contemporary community activism. Utilising three case studies of community activism in very different neighbourhoods, we investigate the ways in which differences in community history and capacity, as well as relations with the local state, shape forms of activism. Examining local activism in this way helps to understand and explain the boundaries and nature of communities within the city, and provides insights into complex processes of deindustrialisation and urban change, which have transformed Glasgow in recent decades. Whilst there are changes emerging from rapid demographic shifts in some areas and the growth of online activism, the wider picture is one of evolving continuity, as Glasgow’s long history of community activism persists into the 21st century.Less
This chapter explores the interactions between the changing nature of Glasgow and contemporary community activism. Utilising three case studies of community activism in very different neighbourhoods, we investigate the ways in which differences in community history and capacity, as well as relations with the local state, shape forms of activism. Examining local activism in this way helps to understand and explain the boundaries and nature of communities within the city, and provides insights into complex processes of deindustrialisation and urban change, which have transformed Glasgow in recent decades. Whilst there are changes emerging from rapid demographic shifts in some areas and the growth of online activism, the wider picture is one of evolving continuity, as Glasgow’s long history of community activism persists into the 21st century.
Roger D. Stone
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520217997
- eISBN:
- 9780520936072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520217997.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter discusses issues related to the joint forest-management systems in various parts of India. The concept of joint forest management emerged from conflict areas where district forest ...
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This chapter discusses issues related to the joint forest-management systems in various parts of India. The concept of joint forest management emerged from conflict areas where district forest officers realized that turning over forest responsibilities to local communities was the best way to maintain both peace and forest cover. The Madhya Pradesh Forestry Project, which aims to improve the quality of forest operations by involving community participation in forest management, is discussed in detail. The community forestry project in Haryana, whereby the tribal people formed forest-protection committees funded by the Ford Foundation, was found to be more effective than those formed by the forest department in Madhya Pradesh. Thousands of villages in Orissa have formed forest-protection committees to counter waves of logging and social-forestry programs that excluded the villagers from their traditional forest domains and thus combat fuelwood scarcity and protect their watersheds for irrigation purposes.Less
This chapter discusses issues related to the joint forest-management systems in various parts of India. The concept of joint forest management emerged from conflict areas where district forest officers realized that turning over forest responsibilities to local communities was the best way to maintain both peace and forest cover. The Madhya Pradesh Forestry Project, which aims to improve the quality of forest operations by involving community participation in forest management, is discussed in detail. The community forestry project in Haryana, whereby the tribal people formed forest-protection committees funded by the Ford Foundation, was found to be more effective than those formed by the forest department in Madhya Pradesh. Thousands of villages in Orissa have formed forest-protection committees to counter waves of logging and social-forestry programs that excluded the villagers from their traditional forest domains and thus combat fuelwood scarcity and protect their watersheds for irrigation purposes.
Jacqueline Hayden and Sithu Wai
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199922994
- eISBN:
- 9780199980420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199922994.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Community-based programs are a major service delivery outlet for early childhood programs, especially in underresourced and developing contexts. They provide scope for identifying and analyzing ...
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Community-based programs are a major service delivery outlet for early childhood programs, especially in underresourced and developing contexts. They provide scope for identifying and analyzing specific community issues and for prioritizing, designing, and managing activities at the local level. As such, they are often associated with grassroots accountability, efficiency, community participation, empowerment, and sustainability. However, there are potential pitfalls. The reliance on voluntary participation can result in skewed representation and exclusion of marginalized groups; there may be difficulties in building capacity and overreliance on imported technical assistance; and there is a danger that agencies directing community-based programs can misrepresent true community needs and/or reduce issues to fit their own terms of reference. Perhaps most concerning, community-based programs can mask government inattention and perpetuate marginalization. We provide a list of investigating questions to guide the assessment of early childhood development (ECD) programs according to principles that transcend governing structure, auspice, and/or label.Less
Community-based programs are a major service delivery outlet for early childhood programs, especially in underresourced and developing contexts. They provide scope for identifying and analyzing specific community issues and for prioritizing, designing, and managing activities at the local level. As such, they are often associated with grassroots accountability, efficiency, community participation, empowerment, and sustainability. However, there are potential pitfalls. The reliance on voluntary participation can result in skewed representation and exclusion of marginalized groups; there may be difficulties in building capacity and overreliance on imported technical assistance; and there is a danger that agencies directing community-based programs can misrepresent true community needs and/or reduce issues to fit their own terms of reference. Perhaps most concerning, community-based programs can mask government inattention and perpetuate marginalization. We provide a list of investigating questions to guide the assessment of early childhood development (ECD) programs according to principles that transcend governing structure, auspice, and/or label.
Basia Spalek
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861348043
- eISBN:
- 9781447301899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861348043.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
This chapter looks at the notion of community with respect to the criminal justice and community safety sectors. It highlights how an emphasis upon community participation in criminal justice ...
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This chapter looks at the notion of community with respect to the criminal justice and community safety sectors. It highlights how an emphasis upon community participation in criminal justice reflects broader developments in governance, whereby responsibility and accountability for crime is increasingly concentrated at local levels, whilst at the same time centralised control in terms of resources and target-setting is maintained. Furthermore, this comprises a form of institutional reflection that involves criminal justice institutions opening themselves up to the communities that they serve, with the lay public engaging with, as well as critiquing, rival forms of expertise. The chapter also discusses community representation within criminal justice and how community participation helps to create and sustain legitimised identities. Finally, it argues that despite the significant challenges that engagement with resistance identities (and indeed project identities) raises, it is important to stress that engagement should be actively pursued by government as a way of reducing further entrenchment and separation.Less
This chapter looks at the notion of community with respect to the criminal justice and community safety sectors. It highlights how an emphasis upon community participation in criminal justice reflects broader developments in governance, whereby responsibility and accountability for crime is increasingly concentrated at local levels, whilst at the same time centralised control in terms of resources and target-setting is maintained. Furthermore, this comprises a form of institutional reflection that involves criminal justice institutions opening themselves up to the communities that they serve, with the lay public engaging with, as well as critiquing, rival forms of expertise. The chapter also discusses community representation within criminal justice and how community participation helps to create and sustain legitimised identities. Finally, it argues that despite the significant challenges that engagement with resistance identities (and indeed project identities) raises, it is important to stress that engagement should be actively pursued by government as a way of reducing further entrenchment and separation.
Roger D. Stone
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520217997
- eISBN:
- 9780520936072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520217997.003.0010
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter discusses various ways in which the donor countries and agencies can help the developing world in conserving their forest resources and increase community participation in it. The mood ...
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This chapter discusses various ways in which the donor countries and agencies can help the developing world in conserving their forest resources and increase community participation in it. The mood within the international aid agencies in the 1990s, particularly the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the Department for International Development of Great Britain, sharply swung toward sensitive and participatory approaches in their aid programs. To ensure the success of their aid programs, donor agencies should be more responsive to the just demands of local civil-society groups and progressive government agencies. Donors should also help in extending microcredit facilities to individuals, small user groups, and local communities whose subsistence depends on harvesting forest resources and selling or trading them. They can also help in the formulation of national-level research and policy advocacy efforts for sustainable community-based forest management and in the formation of community land trusts.Less
This chapter discusses various ways in which the donor countries and agencies can help the developing world in conserving their forest resources and increase community participation in it. The mood within the international aid agencies in the 1990s, particularly the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the Department for International Development of Great Britain, sharply swung toward sensitive and participatory approaches in their aid programs. To ensure the success of their aid programs, donor agencies should be more responsive to the just demands of local civil-society groups and progressive government agencies. Donors should also help in extending microcredit facilities to individuals, small user groups, and local communities whose subsistence depends on harvesting forest resources and selling or trading them. They can also help in the formulation of national-level research and policy advocacy efforts for sustainable community-based forest management and in the formation of community land trusts.
Roger D. Stone
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520217997
- eISBN:
- 9780520936072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520217997.003.0008
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter focuses on the role played by various local communities in the conservation of forests in Latin America. The “Pilot Program to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest,” started with the help ...
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This chapter focuses on the role played by various local communities in the conservation of forests in Latin America. The “Pilot Program to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest,” started with the help of G7 countries in 1991, entrusted the World Bank to undertake the responsibility of managing the entire rehabilitation of the Brazilian Amazon forests, and one of the principal reasons for its success is the participation of the indigenous people while designing it. The Chiquitanos of Lomerio in Boliva drove away loggers and formed the Centro Intercomunal Campesino del Oriente de Lomerio (Inter-Communal Headquarters of the Communities of Eastern Lomerio, or CICOL) to manage their own lands, which consist of some 340,000 mostly forested hectares, with technical assistance and financial aid from the APCOB and Dutch government respectively. The local communities of Yucata´n Peninsula in Mexico established a large number of forestry activities, ranging from extracting and processing mahogany to marketing chicle, honey, and allspice, which in turn gave them more encouragement to save forests.Less
This chapter focuses on the role played by various local communities in the conservation of forests in Latin America. The “Pilot Program to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest,” started with the help of G7 countries in 1991, entrusted the World Bank to undertake the responsibility of managing the entire rehabilitation of the Brazilian Amazon forests, and one of the principal reasons for its success is the participation of the indigenous people while designing it. The Chiquitanos of Lomerio in Boliva drove away loggers and formed the Centro Intercomunal Campesino del Oriente de Lomerio (Inter-Communal Headquarters of the Communities of Eastern Lomerio, or CICOL) to manage their own lands, which consist of some 340,000 mostly forested hectares, with technical assistance and financial aid from the APCOB and Dutch government respectively. The local communities of Yucata´n Peninsula in Mexico established a large number of forestry activities, ranging from extracting and processing mahogany to marketing chicle, honey, and allspice, which in turn gave them more encouragement to save forests.
Bill Edwards, Mark Goodwin, and Michael Woods
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861343802
- eISBN:
- 9781447304159
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861343802.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines community participation in regeneration partnerships in small towns in England and Wales. It explores the assumption that the concepts of town and community are almost ...
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This chapter examines community participation in regeneration partnerships in small towns in England and Wales. It explores the assumption that the concepts of town and community are almost interchangeable by looking at community involvement and participation in a range of small-town regeneration schemes. The chapter analyses the theory of small-town regeneration and reviews the assumptions that underlie contemporary policy. It investigates small-town regeneration in practice, and describes the nature and extent of community participation.Less
This chapter examines community participation in regeneration partnerships in small towns in England and Wales. It explores the assumption that the concepts of town and community are almost interchangeable by looking at community involvement and participation in a range of small-town regeneration schemes. The chapter analyses the theory of small-town regeneration and reviews the assumptions that underlie contemporary policy. It investigates small-town regeneration in practice, and describes the nature and extent of community participation.
Partha Dasgupta
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288350
- eISBN:
- 9780191596094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288352.003.0025
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This last chapter of the book addresses incentives and development policies. The aspects covered are: (1) agrarian reform; (2) food subsidies; (3) employment guarantee schemes and rural ...
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This last chapter of the book addresses incentives and development policies. The aspects covered are: (1) agrarian reform; (2) food subsidies; (3) employment guarantee schemes and rural infrastructure; (4) community participation and credit facilities; and (5) health and education. The last section of the chapter gives a brief overview of the book.Less
This last chapter of the book addresses incentives and development policies. The aspects covered are: (1) agrarian reform; (2) food subsidies; (3) employment guarantee schemes and rural infrastructure; (4) community participation and credit facilities; and (5) health and education. The last section of the chapter gives a brief overview of the book.
Sarah Banks
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861343567
- eISBN:
- 9781447302766
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861343567.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Community participation has become part of the UK government's approach to decision making and service delivery, involving ‘joined-up’ thinking and cross-sectoral working. Current policy needs ...
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Community participation has become part of the UK government's approach to decision making and service delivery, involving ‘joined-up’ thinking and cross-sectoral working. Current policy needs partnerships and partnerships need people. This chapter presents a critical analysis of the concepts and practice of partnership and networking, particularly as these apply to community and voluntary sector organisations in the context of current policy frameworks for regeneration and neighbourhood renewal. It highlights some of the complexities and difficulties of partnership working, and suggests some ways in which work in this area can be developed by both practitioners and managers.Less
Community participation has become part of the UK government's approach to decision making and service delivery, involving ‘joined-up’ thinking and cross-sectoral working. Current policy needs partnerships and partnerships need people. This chapter presents a critical analysis of the concepts and practice of partnership and networking, particularly as these apply to community and voluntary sector organisations in the context of current policy frameworks for regeneration and neighbourhood renewal. It highlights some of the complexities and difficulties of partnership working, and suggests some ways in which work in this area can be developed by both practitioners and managers.
Oche Onazi
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780748654673
- eISBN:
- 9780748693870
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748654673.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter expands on the substantive aspects of the theory of community, which, it is argued, can enable individuals, particularly the poor, to take part in processes that determine their human ...
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This chapter expands on the substantive aspects of the theory of community, which, it is argued, can enable individuals, particularly the poor, to take part in processes that determine their human rights. It outlines the philosophical, structural and procedural requirements for community participation through a theory of three related parts. The first part concerns the definition of community, and it proceeds to justify why it is adopted for the purposes of the thesis advanced throughout this book. It then discusses the second part of the theory – the need to create spaces (Community Forums) to encourage and support the participation of individuals in community. This chapter concludes by discussing the third part, which is a theory of deliberation for processes of decision-making within such Community Forums.Less
This chapter expands on the substantive aspects of the theory of community, which, it is argued, can enable individuals, particularly the poor, to take part in processes that determine their human rights. It outlines the philosophical, structural and procedural requirements for community participation through a theory of three related parts. The first part concerns the definition of community, and it proceeds to justify why it is adopted for the purposes of the thesis advanced throughout this book. It then discusses the second part of the theory – the need to create spaces (Community Forums) to encourage and support the participation of individuals in community. This chapter concludes by discussing the third part, which is a theory of deliberation for processes of decision-making within such Community Forums.
MELVIN DELGADO and DENISE HUMM-DELGADO
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199735846
- eISBN:
- 9780199315864
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735846.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
The field of community asset assessments is expanding rapidly, and, in the process, is introducing new or modified versions of commonly used methods. The more “common” methods, incidentally, are also ...
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The field of community asset assessments is expanding rapidly, and, in the process, is introducing new or modified versions of commonly used methods. The more “common” methods, incidentally, are also generally prevalent in needs assessments and will not be new to the well-initiated community social worker. There are a series of qualitative and quantitative methods that lend themselves to asset assessments. Interestingly, many of these methods have been used for needs assessments, but with the necessary modifications, can also be used in community asset-based assessments: (1) Qualitative Methods (such as key informants, focus groups, community forums, the Delphi Technique, oral history, review of historical archival data, participant observations, photovoice, or expert panel); (2) Quantitative Methods [such as the use of select social indicators and existing organizational computer-generated data and Geographic Information System (GIS)].Less
The field of community asset assessments is expanding rapidly, and, in the process, is introducing new or modified versions of commonly used methods. The more “common” methods, incidentally, are also generally prevalent in needs assessments and will not be new to the well-initiated community social worker. There are a series of qualitative and quantitative methods that lend themselves to asset assessments. Interestingly, many of these methods have been used for needs assessments, but with the necessary modifications, can also be used in community asset-based assessments: (1) Qualitative Methods (such as key informants, focus groups, community forums, the Delphi Technique, oral history, review of historical archival data, participant observations, photovoice, or expert panel); (2) Quantitative Methods [such as the use of select social indicators and existing organizational computer-generated data and Geographic Information System (GIS)].
Paul Henderson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347459
- eISBN:
- 9781447302575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347459.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter lays out the shared principles that have been drawn both from the practice examples and other experiences, seeking to specify key factors required for effective community development in ...
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This chapter lays out the shared principles that have been drawn both from the practice examples and other experiences, seeking to specify key factors required for effective community development in the context of social exclusion. These principles include: equality, diversity and tolerance; partnership, solidarity and cooperation; participation; and creative and innovative organisation. The last section addresses the challenging question of how changes in communities brought about by community development can be measured.Less
This chapter lays out the shared principles that have been drawn both from the practice examples and other experiences, seeking to specify key factors required for effective community development in the context of social exclusion. These principles include: equality, diversity and tolerance; partnership, solidarity and cooperation; participation; and creative and innovative organisation. The last section addresses the challenging question of how changes in communities brought about by community development can be measured.
Catherine Macdonald
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198817369
- eISBN:
- 9780191858871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0028
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
A major challenge for almost all activity of the extractive industries is that benefits accrue predominantly at the national level while disruptions are invariably highly localized close to the ...
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A major challenge for almost all activity of the extractive industries is that benefits accrue predominantly at the national level while disruptions are invariably highly localized close to the resource. Recently, extractives companies have intensified efforts to correct this imbalance. The aim of this chapter is to identify the optimal approach for companies to encourage sustainable local community development. The role that government and civil society actors can play in supporting this process is also addressed. Community participation is central to the discussion, which makes reference to case studies, particularly that of the community development programmes of a gold mine in Tanzania over a period of fifteen years.Less
A major challenge for almost all activity of the extractive industries is that benefits accrue predominantly at the national level while disruptions are invariably highly localized close to the resource. Recently, extractives companies have intensified efforts to correct this imbalance. The aim of this chapter is to identify the optimal approach for companies to encourage sustainable local community development. The role that government and civil society actors can play in supporting this process is also addressed. Community participation is central to the discussion, which makes reference to case studies, particularly that of the community development programmes of a gold mine in Tanzania over a period of fifteen years.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231160094
- eISBN:
- 9780231534253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231160094.003.0013
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter discusses seven key, cross-cutting themes related to obesity that have direct implications for social work: community participation, assets of marginalized communities, program ...
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This chapter discusses seven key, cross-cutting themes related to obesity that have direct implications for social work: community participation, assets of marginalized communities, program evaluation, social justice and obesity, schools as part of the community, the role of social work, and cultural competence. These seven cross-cutting themes provide valuable insights for those in social work and other helping professions as they strive to gain an in-depth understanding of the rewards and challenges associated with having communities play an instrumental role in efforts to reduce and prevent excessive weight in urban communities of color. The chapter also considers the interconnectedness of values, theory, and field examples, the implications for social work practice, and the appropriateness of employing a social justice lens.Less
This chapter discusses seven key, cross-cutting themes related to obesity that have direct implications for social work: community participation, assets of marginalized communities, program evaluation, social justice and obesity, schools as part of the community, the role of social work, and cultural competence. These seven cross-cutting themes provide valuable insights for those in social work and other helping professions as they strive to gain an in-depth understanding of the rewards and challenges associated with having communities play an instrumental role in efforts to reduce and prevent excessive weight in urban communities of color. The chapter also considers the interconnectedness of values, theory, and field examples, the implications for social work practice, and the appropriateness of employing a social justice lens.
