A. A. Long
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279128
- eISBN:
- 9780191706769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279128.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
The Epicurean explanation for the origin of community life and laws was the utility of these institutions in facilitating people's natural and necessary desires for a secure life. In advising his ...
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The Epicurean explanation for the origin of community life and laws was the utility of these institutions in facilitating people's natural and necessary desires for a secure life. In advising his followers to ‘live quietly’, Epicurus has at least three defences to advance against the criticism that such a lifestyle is politically irresponsible and morally complacent. First, he can argue that his ethical theory provides human beings, who are natural and persistent pleasure seekers, with the strongest of reasons for the peaceful cooperation that legal systems seek to promote. Second, he can argue that contemporary societies, even if they do provide some measure of security for their members, do so inadequately; and that they compound these failings by systems of education, competitive values, religion, and other practices which do great harm to their citizens. Third, he can argue that the Epicurean way of life, which threatens no one in its scrupulous adherence to justice and is positively philanthropic in its cultivation of friendship, provides society with a model of how to live best at the present stage of human culture. This chapter develops this set of arguments from three perspectives or bodies of material: the basic ethical theory, justice and friendship, and social evolution.Less
The Epicurean explanation for the origin of community life and laws was the utility of these institutions in facilitating people's natural and necessary desires for a secure life. In advising his followers to ‘live quietly’, Epicurus has at least three defences to advance against the criticism that such a lifestyle is politically irresponsible and morally complacent. First, he can argue that his ethical theory provides human beings, who are natural and persistent pleasure seekers, with the strongest of reasons for the peaceful cooperation that legal systems seek to promote. Second, he can argue that contemporary societies, even if they do provide some measure of security for their members, do so inadequately; and that they compound these failings by systems of education, competitive values, religion, and other practices which do great harm to their citizens. Third, he can argue that the Epicurean way of life, which threatens no one in its scrupulous adherence to justice and is positively philanthropic in its cultivation of friendship, provides society with a model of how to live best at the present stage of human culture. This chapter develops this set of arguments from three perspectives or bodies of material: the basic ethical theory, justice and friendship, and social evolution.
Robert Wuthnow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157207
- eISBN:
- 9781400846498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157207.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter considers the various factors that contribute to residents' sense of community in small towns. The discussion draws from Suzanne Keller's ethnographic study of community life in which ...
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This chapter considers the various factors that contribute to residents' sense of community in small towns. The discussion draws from Suzanne Keller's ethnographic study of community life in which she identifies ten key building blocks of community: territory or turf, membership criteria, an institutional framework, cultural values, a belief system, a myth of community, rituals and celebrations, a leadership structure, social networks, and the spirit of community. Keller's use of the term “institutional framework” refers to the laws, rules, sanctions, and rewards that provide governance to a community, whereas community values include cooperation and sharing. Community spirit in small towns is reinforced through periodic rituals that draw people out of their homes and away from work long enough to enjoy one another's company, engage in celebratory activities that involve sharing, and do something that explicitly reminds them that they are residents who have something in common.Less
This chapter considers the various factors that contribute to residents' sense of community in small towns. The discussion draws from Suzanne Keller's ethnographic study of community life in which she identifies ten key building blocks of community: territory or turf, membership criteria, an institutional framework, cultural values, a belief system, a myth of community, rituals and celebrations, a leadership structure, social networks, and the spirit of community. Keller's use of the term “institutional framework” refers to the laws, rules, sanctions, and rewards that provide governance to a community, whereas community values include cooperation and sharing. Community spirit in small towns is reinforced through periodic rituals that draw people out of their homes and away from work long enough to enjoy one another's company, engage in celebratory activities that involve sharing, and do something that explicitly reminds them that they are residents who have something in common.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195112481
- eISBN:
- 9780199865826
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112481.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter reviews literature on nontraditional settings and provides examples of how these settings provide assistance in the daily life of a community. Literature reviews were undertaken on nine ...
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This chapter reviews literature on nontraditional settings and provides examples of how these settings provide assistance in the daily life of a community. Literature reviews were undertaken on nine nontraditional settings: bath houses, beauty parlors/barber shops, botanical shops, eating establishments, ethnic businesses, houses of worship, laundromats, liquor establishments, and single-room occupancy hotels.Less
This chapter reviews literature on nontraditional settings and provides examples of how these settings provide assistance in the daily life of a community. Literature reviews were undertaken on nine nontraditional settings: bath houses, beauty parlors/barber shops, botanical shops, eating establishments, ethnic businesses, houses of worship, laundromats, liquor establishments, and single-room occupancy hotels.
Thad Williamson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195369434
- eISBN:
- 9780199852826
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369434.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter focuses more on the well-being of the whole of American society in terms of whether sprawl actually promotes happiness, good health, and satisfaction or the quality of life. It does this ...
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This chapter focuses more on the well-being of the whole of American society in terms of whether sprawl actually promotes happiness, good health, and satisfaction or the quality of life. It does this through an empirical comparison of metropolitan cities in terms of their spatial characteristics and sprawl-related factors such as the significance of density, neighbourhood age, central residency, and transit patterns. Though the research shows factors which have had an influence on preferences, it is apparent that only neighbourhood age affects the level of individual utility. Furthermore, as the tests prove American preferences for sprawling places, concerns have been raised on the effects of commuting with well-being, including social participation and community quality-of-life evaluations. Now, the growing concern is less for the satisfaction of urban areas and the fairness of US society.Less
This chapter focuses more on the well-being of the whole of American society in terms of whether sprawl actually promotes happiness, good health, and satisfaction or the quality of life. It does this through an empirical comparison of metropolitan cities in terms of their spatial characteristics and sprawl-related factors such as the significance of density, neighbourhood age, central residency, and transit patterns. Though the research shows factors which have had an influence on preferences, it is apparent that only neighbourhood age affects the level of individual utility. Furthermore, as the tests prove American preferences for sprawling places, concerns have been raised on the effects of commuting with well-being, including social participation and community quality-of-life evaluations. Now, the growing concern is less for the satisfaction of urban areas and the fairness of US society.
Richard E. Ocejo
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155166
- eISBN:
- 9781400852635
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155166.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter provides a brief social history of the Bowery as told through the transformation of its bars and nightlife. It first examines how bars and nightlife corresponded to and helped along the ...
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This chapter provides a brief social history of the Bowery as told through the transformation of its bars and nightlife. It first examines how bars and nightlife corresponded to and helped along the Bowery's eventual gentrification before discussing how new bars and contemporary nightlife development have shaped community life in downtown neighborhood bars. A vignette of the people at Milano's Bar, a bar that has evolved alongside the changes occurring in the Bowery and the nightlife scene, is presented. Through an analysis of its multiple generations of customers, its bartenders, and its owners, the chapter reveals the tensions that have arisen from the bar's own transformation as a refuge for the homeless to a public gathering place for residents to a “dive bar” for young visitors. The reactions of the people at Milano's to these changes illustrate how urban forces have shaped a fundamental aspect of life for people in these downtown neighborhoods, namely, community socializing.Less
This chapter provides a brief social history of the Bowery as told through the transformation of its bars and nightlife. It first examines how bars and nightlife corresponded to and helped along the Bowery's eventual gentrification before discussing how new bars and contemporary nightlife development have shaped community life in downtown neighborhood bars. A vignette of the people at Milano's Bar, a bar that has evolved alongside the changes occurring in the Bowery and the nightlife scene, is presented. Through an analysis of its multiple generations of customers, its bartenders, and its owners, the chapter reveals the tensions that have arisen from the bar's own transformation as a refuge for the homeless to a public gathering place for residents to a “dive bar” for young visitors. The reactions of the people at Milano's to these changes illustrate how urban forces have shaped a fundamental aspect of life for people in these downtown neighborhoods, namely, community socializing.
Tom Clark, Robert D. Putnam, and Edward Fieldhouse
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082771
- eISBN:
- 9781781702901
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082771.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Drawing on collaborative research from a team at Harvard and Manchester universities, this book asks how two very different societies are responding to the tide of diversity that is being felt around ...
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Drawing on collaborative research from a team at Harvard and Manchester universities, this book asks how two very different societies are responding to the tide of diversity that is being felt around the rich world. Injustice, it turns out, still blights the lives of many UK and US minorities – particularly African Americans – and there are signs that the new diversity strains community life. Yet in both countries, public opinion is running irreversibly in favour of tolerance. That augurs well for the future – and suggests that a British Obama cannot be ruled out.Less
Drawing on collaborative research from a team at Harvard and Manchester universities, this book asks how two very different societies are responding to the tide of diversity that is being felt around the rich world. Injustice, it turns out, still blights the lives of many UK and US minorities – particularly African Americans – and there are signs that the new diversity strains community life. Yet in both countries, public opinion is running irreversibly in favour of tolerance. That augurs well for the future – and suggests that a British Obama cannot be ruled out.
Benson Michaela
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082498
- eISBN:
- 9781781701843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082498.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This chapter explores how the migrants' imaginings of community life and local belonging shape and influence their social relationships within their new surroundings. In particular, it examines the ...
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This chapter explores how the migrants' imaginings of community life and local belonging shape and influence their social relationships within their new surroundings. In particular, it examines the migrants' efforts to become part of the local community and demonstrates that success in this area of their lives is by no means predictable. Becoming part of the local community, being socially integrated, is predicated unequally upon diverse factors that include linguistic capability, common interests, possibilities for social interaction and the reception of the local community. Their relationships with local French actors served as measures of the migrants' success at developing a distinctly local subjectivity, an effort that was inherent to their claims to a distinctive way of life.Less
This chapter explores how the migrants' imaginings of community life and local belonging shape and influence their social relationships within their new surroundings. In particular, it examines the migrants' efforts to become part of the local community and demonstrates that success in this area of their lives is by no means predictable. Becoming part of the local community, being socially integrated, is predicated unequally upon diverse factors that include linguistic capability, common interests, possibilities for social interaction and the reception of the local community. Their relationships with local French actors served as measures of the migrants' success at developing a distinctly local subjectivity, an effort that was inherent to their claims to a distinctive way of life.
Jonathan Laurence
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144214
- eISBN:
- 9781400840373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144214.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter addresses the growth of Political Islam and transnational religious NGOs in Western Europe. While the European receiving states were granting a de facto monopoly of religious ...
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This chapter addresses the growth of Political Islam and transnational religious NGOs in Western Europe. While the European receiving states were granting a de facto monopoly of religious representation to the diplomatic envoys of immigrants' sending states, competing networks of well-organized activists with a more conservative, politicized view of Islam also flourished on the margins of religious community life. Political-Islam federations also provided prayer spaces, imams, lecturers, and social activities and established what may best be described as an Islamist subculture. Although such organizations may represent a relatively small membership base in terms of the local Muslim population, they often control a sizable proportion of the registered Muslim religious associations and prayer spaces where mosque-going Muslims congregate to socialize and pray.Less
This chapter addresses the growth of Political Islam and transnational religious NGOs in Western Europe. While the European receiving states were granting a de facto monopoly of religious representation to the diplomatic envoys of immigrants' sending states, competing networks of well-organized activists with a more conservative, politicized view of Islam also flourished on the margins of religious community life. Political-Islam federations also provided prayer spaces, imams, lecturers, and social activities and established what may best be described as an Islamist subculture. Although such organizations may represent a relatively small membership base in terms of the local Muslim population, they often control a sizable proportion of the registered Muslim religious associations and prayer spaces where mosque-going Muslims congregate to socialize and pray.
Peter McDonough and Eugene C. Bianchi
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520230552
- eISBN:
- 9780520930773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520230552.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
Assessments of Jesuit community life vary enormously, and so do the expectations brought to it. Bonding is powerful among men undergoing the rigors of training, and it slackens as men move on to ...
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Assessments of Jesuit community life vary enormously, and so do the expectations brought to it. Bonding is powerful among men undergoing the rigors of training, and it slackens as men move on to communities that are sometimes little more than holding areas for busy professionals engaged in disparate activities in scattered venues. The community of memory—of youthful solidarity, irretrievable energy, and promising vistas—exerts a powerful appeal as men get older. Religious life establishes a context for the development of powerful bonds. Community as an exercise in civility is the backup option in Jesuit life. What it lacks in vibrancy it makes up for in pragmatic acceptance and polite evasion of emotional entanglements, allowing men to get on with their work. Community can be both a support and a burden.Less
Assessments of Jesuit community life vary enormously, and so do the expectations brought to it. Bonding is powerful among men undergoing the rigors of training, and it slackens as men move on to communities that are sometimes little more than holding areas for busy professionals engaged in disparate activities in scattered venues. The community of memory—of youthful solidarity, irretrievable energy, and promising vistas—exerts a powerful appeal as men get older. Religious life establishes a context for the development of powerful bonds. Community as an exercise in civility is the backup option in Jesuit life. What it lacks in vibrancy it makes up for in pragmatic acceptance and polite evasion of emotional entanglements, allowing men to get on with their work. Community can be both a support and a burden.
Robert E. Aronson, Kay Lovelace, John W. Hatch, and Tony L. Whitehead
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195171853
- eISBN:
- 9780199865352
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171853.003.0024
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter addresses strengthening communities and the roles of individuals in community life as ways of reducing social injustice. It describes how social injustice can be addressed through ...
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This chapter addresses strengthening communities and the roles of individuals in community life as ways of reducing social injustice. It describes how social injustice can be addressed through community transformation and provides principles to guide the work of community transformation. The chapter puts forward an agenda for action, including specific measures of what needs to be done.Less
This chapter addresses strengthening communities and the roles of individuals in community life as ways of reducing social injustice. It describes how social injustice can be addressed through community transformation and provides principles to guide the work of community transformation. The chapter puts forward an agenda for action, including specific measures of what needs to be done.
Robert E. Sinkewicz
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199259939
- eISBN:
- 9780191698651
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259939.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter presents an English translation of the ascetic corpus writing of Evagrius of Pontus about the lives of monks in monasteries and in communities and exhortation to a virgin. These two ...
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This chapter presents an English translation of the ascetic corpus writing of Evagrius of Pontus about the lives of monks in monasteries and in communities and exhortation to a virgin. These two treatises are closely related. The first one provides a brief summary of Evagrian ascetic teaching in the form of a series of proverbs, and the other is about his advice against allowing a voyage proposed by the deaconess Severa and her retinue. It also contains both counsels of spiritual guidance and specific regulations to govern the life of the community and its members.Less
This chapter presents an English translation of the ascetic corpus writing of Evagrius of Pontus about the lives of monks in monasteries and in communities and exhortation to a virgin. These two treatises are closely related. The first one provides a brief summary of Evagrian ascetic teaching in the form of a series of proverbs, and the other is about his advice against allowing a voyage proposed by the deaconess Severa and her retinue. It also contains both counsels of spiritual guidance and specific regulations to govern the life of the community and its members.
Colin Podmore
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207252
- eISBN:
- 9780191677588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207252.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
By 1753, the Moravians had almost 1,000 communicants in England. With regular attenders at the preaching and a large number of children, they put the total number of souls in their care in England in ...
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By 1753, the Moravians had almost 1,000 communicants in England. With regular attenders at the preaching and a large number of children, they put the total number of souls in their care in England in 1748 between 5,000 and 6,000. The majority of congregation members were former Anglicans, often claiming a ‘strict’ Church of England upbringing. This chapter analyses the motivation of those who joined the Moravian Church and describes those features that made it so different in character from Methodism. The reasons range from the difficulty of gaining admission to the Church's positive identity as Christ's Chosen Flock, its negative identity as a refuge from the trials of life in an unpleasant world, an extremely high level of pastoral care, the Moravians' highly distinctive spirituality, the Church's community life, its worship service, aristocratic sense of style, and culture of festivity and celebration.Less
By 1753, the Moravians had almost 1,000 communicants in England. With regular attenders at the preaching and a large number of children, they put the total number of souls in their care in England in 1748 between 5,000 and 6,000. The majority of congregation members were former Anglicans, often claiming a ‘strict’ Church of England upbringing. This chapter analyses the motivation of those who joined the Moravian Church and describes those features that made it so different in character from Methodism. The reasons range from the difficulty of gaining admission to the Church's positive identity as Christ's Chosen Flock, its negative identity as a refuge from the trials of life in an unpleasant world, an extremely high level of pastoral care, the Moravians' highly distinctive spirituality, the Church's community life, its worship service, aristocratic sense of style, and culture of festivity and celebration.
Lucy O'Meara
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846318436
- eISBN:
- 9781846317866
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317866
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This book looks at the four lecture courses given by Roland Barthes in Paris between 1977 and 1980. It brings together all the strands of Barthes' activity as writer, teacher and public intellectual. ...
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This book looks at the four lecture courses given by Roland Barthes in Paris between 1977 and 1980. It brings together all the strands of Barthes' activity as writer, teacher and public intellectual. The book focuses particularly on Barthes' pedagogical style, addressing how his wilfully un-magisterial teaching links to the anti-systematic, anti-dogmatic goals of the rest of his work. Barthes' methodology sought to negotiate the balance between singularity and universality, and central to this endeavour are aesthetic thought and techniques of essayism and fragmentation. Barthes' strategies are here linked to broad intellectual influences, from the legacies of Montaigne, Kant, Schlegel and Adorno to the contemporary intellectual trends which Barthes sought to evade, and his attraction towards Eastern philosophies such as Zen and Tao. Barthes' lectures discuss ideal forms of community life, ‘neutral’ modes of discourse and behaviour and the idea of writing a novel. His consideration of these fantasies involves a profound exploration of the nature of literary creation, social interaction, subjectivity and the possibility of a universal particular.Less
This book looks at the four lecture courses given by Roland Barthes in Paris between 1977 and 1980. It brings together all the strands of Barthes' activity as writer, teacher and public intellectual. The book focuses particularly on Barthes' pedagogical style, addressing how his wilfully un-magisterial teaching links to the anti-systematic, anti-dogmatic goals of the rest of his work. Barthes' methodology sought to negotiate the balance between singularity and universality, and central to this endeavour are aesthetic thought and techniques of essayism and fragmentation. Barthes' strategies are here linked to broad intellectual influences, from the legacies of Montaigne, Kant, Schlegel and Adorno to the contemporary intellectual trends which Barthes sought to evade, and his attraction towards Eastern philosophies such as Zen and Tao. Barthes' lectures discuss ideal forms of community life, ‘neutral’ modes of discourse and behaviour and the idea of writing a novel. His consideration of these fantasies involves a profound exploration of the nature of literary creation, social interaction, subjectivity and the possibility of a universal particular.
Nigel Aston
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205968
- eISBN:
- 9780191676871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205968.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter presents a biographical sketch of John McManners, one of the most honored British historians of the Church. The making of his distinctive historical sensibility owes much to his family ...
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This chapter presents a biographical sketch of John McManners, one of the most honored British historians of the Church. The making of his distinctive historical sensibility owes much to his family and the close-knit community life of County Durham from whence he came. John McManners was born in a pitman's cottage on Christmas Day, 1916, at Ferryhill (though he was christened John, family and friends have always known him as Jack). His father, Joseph, was a miner and Socialist agitator, and his mother was a schoolteacher, a woman of resolute character who was a moderate High Church Anglican who passed on her faith to her children and, eventually, to her husband.Less
This chapter presents a biographical sketch of John McManners, one of the most honored British historians of the Church. The making of his distinctive historical sensibility owes much to his family and the close-knit community life of County Durham from whence he came. John McManners was born in a pitman's cottage on Christmas Day, 1916, at Ferryhill (though he was christened John, family and friends have always known him as Jack). His father, Joseph, was a miner and Socialist agitator, and his mother was a schoolteacher, a woman of resolute character who was a moderate High Church Anglican who passed on her faith to her children and, eventually, to her husband.
Sam F. Stack
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813166889
- eISBN:
- 9780813167855
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813166889.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The concluding chapter evaluates the attempt to establish a community school in the Arthurdale subsistence homestead community. Central to building community was self-realization and cultural ...
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The concluding chapter evaluates the attempt to establish a community school in the Arthurdale subsistence homestead community. Central to building community was self-realization and cultural identity. The teacher Harry Carlson sought a grant to study the Arthurdale School and whether it was successful in achieving its goals, but he could not find financial backing. The chapter chronicles the decline of progressive education from a national perspective and the eventual demise of the Progressive Education Association and the organization’s mouthpiece, the journal Progressive Education. The fortunes of Arthurdale education paralleled the decline of progressive education as by 1943 the town’s schools were essentially like most other traditional schools throughout the nation. Like other schools, the Arthurdale school became more service centered than citizen centered, as originally conceptualized by Clapp and her progressive teaching force. This chapter attempts to evaluate the Arthurdale educational experiment through the publication of Clapp’s two major books, Community Schools in Action (1939) and The Use of Resources in Education (1952). While the successes and failures are addressed, there is also an attempt to build on how a historical understanding of the Arthurdale School can inform current theory and practice.Less
The concluding chapter evaluates the attempt to establish a community school in the Arthurdale subsistence homestead community. Central to building community was self-realization and cultural identity. The teacher Harry Carlson sought a grant to study the Arthurdale School and whether it was successful in achieving its goals, but he could not find financial backing. The chapter chronicles the decline of progressive education from a national perspective and the eventual demise of the Progressive Education Association and the organization’s mouthpiece, the journal Progressive Education. The fortunes of Arthurdale education paralleled the decline of progressive education as by 1943 the town’s schools were essentially like most other traditional schools throughout the nation. Like other schools, the Arthurdale school became more service centered than citizen centered, as originally conceptualized by Clapp and her progressive teaching force. This chapter attempts to evaluate the Arthurdale educational experiment through the publication of Clapp’s two major books, Community Schools in Action (1939) and The Use of Resources in Education (1952). While the successes and failures are addressed, there is also an attempt to build on how a historical understanding of the Arthurdale School can inform current theory and practice.
Tom Clark, Robert D. Putnam, and Edward Fieldhouse
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082771
- eISBN:
- 9781781702901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082771.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter assesses whether diversity has a tendency to lead to more conflict or to friendly contact in Britain and the United States, evaluates the effect of diversity for whites and for ...
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This chapter assesses whether diversity has a tendency to lead to more conflict or to friendly contact in Britain and the United States, evaluates the effect of diversity for whites and for minorities, and studies the connection between diversity in a locality and how community-minded and communally active its citizens are. It also discusses communal life in both countries and measures the combined effect of the potential channels, which could weaken or strengthen community life.Less
This chapter assesses whether diversity has a tendency to lead to more conflict or to friendly contact in Britain and the United States, evaluates the effect of diversity for whites and for minorities, and studies the connection between diversity in a locality and how community-minded and communally active its citizens are. It also discusses communal life in both countries and measures the combined effect of the potential channels, which could weaken or strengthen community life.
Jill Detemple
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195162271
- eISBN:
- 9780199850365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162271.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter argues that, for many on the margins of society, acting to change the system via the organized and group-oriented methods of the system is neither a logical nor a tangible initial path. ...
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This chapter argues that, for many on the margins of society, acting to change the system via the organized and group-oriented methods of the system is neither a logical nor a tangible initial path. Rather, a more radical reordering of power structures is required—one that removes, at least temporarily, the specter of the system altogether. Drawing on work on the Brazilian-based Pentecostal Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in Boston, the chapter shows that although they do not use the same social justice language found in Catholic and Mainline Protestant circles, in fact, Pentecostals do work to these ends. It shows that a new model of social engagement is needed and it should take into account the important impact that individual conversion and transformation has on community life. For poor and working-class Latinos, this is a much more practical, direct, and concrete way of changing society, th chapter suggests. In this respect, spiritual liberation is directly tied to a new identity and the ability to overcome injustice, poverty, isolation, and disenfranchisement in their public lives. Thus, Pentecostalism empowers the individual to transform not only him- or herself but also society.Less
This chapter argues that, for many on the margins of society, acting to change the system via the organized and group-oriented methods of the system is neither a logical nor a tangible initial path. Rather, a more radical reordering of power structures is required—one that removes, at least temporarily, the specter of the system altogether. Drawing on work on the Brazilian-based Pentecostal Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in Boston, the chapter shows that although they do not use the same social justice language found in Catholic and Mainline Protestant circles, in fact, Pentecostals do work to these ends. It shows that a new model of social engagement is needed and it should take into account the important impact that individual conversion and transformation has on community life. For poor and working-class Latinos, this is a much more practical, direct, and concrete way of changing society, th chapter suggests. In this respect, spiritual liberation is directly tied to a new identity and the ability to overcome injustice, poverty, isolation, and disenfranchisement in their public lives. Thus, Pentecostalism empowers the individual to transform not only him- or herself but also society.
Richard English
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202899
- eISBN:
- 9780191675577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202899.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
This chapter examines coercion and class struggle in the Irish Free State during the period 1930–1932. The 1930s started with a fierce debate concerning social radicalism within the republican ...
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This chapter examines coercion and class struggle in the Irish Free State during the period 1930–1932. The 1930s started with a fierce debate concerning social radicalism within the republican movement. In November 1930, Irish Republican Army chief of staff Moss Twomey published a draft constitution titled The Sovereignty of the People: Suggestions for a Constitution for an Irish Republic. In this draft constitution, Twomey supported the view that the nation or community life possessed extensive rights over natural resources and economic life. Twomey's proposal sparked a series of heated debates focusing on the issue of private property.Less
This chapter examines coercion and class struggle in the Irish Free State during the period 1930–1932. The 1930s started with a fierce debate concerning social radicalism within the republican movement. In November 1930, Irish Republican Army chief of staff Moss Twomey published a draft constitution titled The Sovereignty of the People: Suggestions for a Constitution for an Irish Republic. In this draft constitution, Twomey supported the view that the nation or community life possessed extensive rights over natural resources and economic life. Twomey's proposal sparked a series of heated debates focusing on the issue of private property.
Sebouh DavidAslanian
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520266872
- eISBN:
- 9780520947573
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520266872.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Drawing on a rich trove of documents, including correspondence not seen for 300 years, this study explores the emergence and growth of a remarkable global trade network operated by Armenian silk ...
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Drawing on a rich trove of documents, including correspondence not seen for 300 years, this study explores the emergence and growth of a remarkable global trade network operated by Armenian silk merchants from a small outpost in the Persian Empire. Based in New Julfa, Isfahan, in what is now Iran, these merchants operated a network of commercial settlements that stretched from London and Amsterdam to Manila and Acapulco. The New Julfan Armenians were the only Eurasian community that was able to operate simultaneously and successfully in all the major empires of the early modern world—both land-based Asian empires and the emerging sea-borne empires—astonishingly without the benefits of an imperial network and state that accompanied and facilitated European mercantile expansion during the same period. This book brings to light for the first time the trans-imperial cosmopolitan world of New Julfa. Among other topics, it explores the effects of long distance trade on the organization of community life, the ethos of trust and cooperation that existed among merchants, and the importance of information networks and communication in the operation of early modern mercantile communities.Less
Drawing on a rich trove of documents, including correspondence not seen for 300 years, this study explores the emergence and growth of a remarkable global trade network operated by Armenian silk merchants from a small outpost in the Persian Empire. Based in New Julfa, Isfahan, in what is now Iran, these merchants operated a network of commercial settlements that stretched from London and Amsterdam to Manila and Acapulco. The New Julfan Armenians were the only Eurasian community that was able to operate simultaneously and successfully in all the major empires of the early modern world—both land-based Asian empires and the emerging sea-borne empires—astonishingly without the benefits of an imperial network and state that accompanied and facilitated European mercantile expansion during the same period. This book brings to light for the first time the trans-imperial cosmopolitan world of New Julfa. Among other topics, it explores the effects of long distance trade on the organization of community life, the ethos of trust and cooperation that existed among merchants, and the importance of information networks and communication in the operation of early modern mercantile communities.
Joan Greatrex
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199250738
- eISBN:
- 9780191728570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250738.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, History of Religion
The final chapter describes the assembly of Benedictine prelates and monks who were summoned by Henry V to meet him at Westminster in May 1420 in order to discuss the royal proposals for the reform ...
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The final chapter describes the assembly of Benedictine prelates and monks who were summoned by Henry V to meet him at Westminster in May 1420 in order to discuss the royal proposals for the reform of the black monks. Their response was lukewarm, partly no doubt because this was regarded as unwarranted intervention in monastic affairs. They reluctantly agreed to a few minor changes, but the king's death only two years later removed the pressure from that quarter. There is no evidence of any renewed effort to improve discipline and adherence to the Rule before the dissolution and there were many individual monks who became increasingly involved in their administrative responsibilities, domestic duties and secular obligations to the detriment of their community life. Nonetheless, among the succeeding generations of monks until the even of the dissolution there continued to be some who persevered in their obedience to a life in strict accordance with the Rule.Less
The final chapter describes the assembly of Benedictine prelates and monks who were summoned by Henry V to meet him at Westminster in May 1420 in order to discuss the royal proposals for the reform of the black monks. Their response was lukewarm, partly no doubt because this was regarded as unwarranted intervention in monastic affairs. They reluctantly agreed to a few minor changes, but the king's death only two years later removed the pressure from that quarter. There is no evidence of any renewed effort to improve discipline and adherence to the Rule before the dissolution and there were many individual monks who became increasingly involved in their administrative responsibilities, domestic duties and secular obligations to the detriment of their community life. Nonetheless, among the succeeding generations of monks until the even of the dissolution there continued to be some who persevered in their obedience to a life in strict accordance with the Rule.
