JAMES MIDGLEY
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199732326
- eISBN:
- 9780199863471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732326.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Communities and Organizations
This chapter discusses the developmental approach to community social work practice. Although community organization and other forms of macro practice are usually associated with developmental ...
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This chapter discusses the developmental approach to community social work practice. Although community organization and other forms of macro practice are usually associated with developmental interventions, the author contends that conventional community practice approaches such as neighborhood building, social services planning and social action have not effectively utilized investments that address peoples’ material needs. Drawing on the experience of community development in the Global South and local economic development innovations in the United States, the chapter argues for a greater focus on economic projects that raise standards of living and address the problem of poverty and deprivation in poor communities.Less
This chapter discusses the developmental approach to community social work practice. Although community organization and other forms of macro practice are usually associated with developmental interventions, the author contends that conventional community practice approaches such as neighborhood building, social services planning and social action have not effectively utilized investments that address peoples’ material needs. Drawing on the experience of community development in the Global South and local economic development innovations in the United States, the chapter argues for a greater focus on economic projects that raise standards of living and address the problem of poverty and deprivation in poor communities.
Olivier Cadot, Antoni Estevadeordal, Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, and Thierry Verdier
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199290482
- eISBN:
- 9780191603471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199290482.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
Firm level interviews are used to assess the economic implications of the rules of origin (ROO) applied for trade to qualify under the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Trade Protocol. ...
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Firm level interviews are used to assess the economic implications of the rules of origin (ROO) applied for trade to qualify under the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Trade Protocol. Approaches to ROO reflect the tension between regional integration as a platform for improving competitiveness in international markets, and using it as a ‘policy tool for development’ to obtain privileged access to a larger protected market. The analysis of selected SADC ROO in agriculture and manufacturing shows that these will prevent efficiency gains from being realized by the Free Trade Area by maintaining the pre-Trade Protocol protection and trade patterns. ROO that seek to influence the sourcing of inputs through fiat will encourage trade diversion and reduce international competitiveness.Less
Firm level interviews are used to assess the economic implications of the rules of origin (ROO) applied for trade to qualify under the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Trade Protocol. Approaches to ROO reflect the tension between regional integration as a platform for improving competitiveness in international markets, and using it as a ‘policy tool for development’ to obtain privileged access to a larger protected market. The analysis of selected SADC ROO in agriculture and manufacturing shows that these will prevent efficiency gains from being realized by the Free Trade Area by maintaining the pre-Trade Protocol protection and trade patterns. ROO that seek to influence the sourcing of inputs through fiat will encourage trade diversion and reduce international competitiveness.
Paul Henderson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347459
- eISBN:
- 9781447302575
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347459.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This book provides an in-depth study of how community development can contribute to tackling social exclusion. It draws on the outcomes of a project funded by the Social Inclusion Programme of the ...
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This book provides an in-depth study of how community development can contribute to tackling social exclusion. It draws on the outcomes of a project funded by the Social Inclusion Programme of the European Union and managed by a European network of community development organisations — the Combined European Bureau for Social Development. It includes the analyses of the experiences of local communities; identifies and explains the key principles that are needed to underpin programmes and projects that use a community-based approach to tackling social exclusion; and provides a summary of key action points that are needed to be considered by organisations and agencies. Examples from policy and practice in the UK, Spain, Belgium, Sweden and Norway are discussed, with additional information from Denmark, Ireland and Hungary. The principles and methods discussed give a valuable insight into how the voices of local people and practitioners can be heard in policy and decision making forums.Less
This book provides an in-depth study of how community development can contribute to tackling social exclusion. It draws on the outcomes of a project funded by the Social Inclusion Programme of the European Union and managed by a European network of community development organisations — the Combined European Bureau for Social Development. It includes the analyses of the experiences of local communities; identifies and explains the key principles that are needed to underpin programmes and projects that use a community-based approach to tackling social exclusion; and provides a summary of key action points that are needed to be considered by organisations and agencies. Examples from policy and practice in the UK, Spain, Belgium, Sweden and Norway are discussed, with additional information from Denmark, Ireland and Hungary. The principles and methods discussed give a valuable insight into how the voices of local people and practitioners can be heard in policy and decision making forums.
Ida Susser
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195367317
- eISBN:
- 9780199951192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367317.003.0000
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter opens with a brief discussion of the production of urban space and the historical contributions of Robert Moses and Jane Jacobs to the structuring of New York City. The section that ...
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This chapter opens with a brief discussion of the production of urban space and the historical contributions of Robert Moses and Jane Jacobs to the structuring of New York City. The section that follows outlines the impact of globalization and the increasing inequalities that have framed the lives of New Yorkers over the past three decades. The next section focuses on the changing conditions of life in Greenpoint and Williamsburg, as well as the ongoing community organizing around environmental justice and affordable housing. It follows the long and concerted collaboration among many community groups, churches, local politicians, and others for a fair and sustainable Community Development Plan, which came to be known as 197A. It shows how, after 9/11/2001, in Greenpoint–Williamsburg, the Bloomberg administration introduced massive plans for rezoning, overruling the previously approved Community Development Plan 197A. The final section traces the immediate impact of the 2008 global economic crisis on the half-built new condominiums precipitated by the Bloomberg rezoning.Less
This chapter opens with a brief discussion of the production of urban space and the historical contributions of Robert Moses and Jane Jacobs to the structuring of New York City. The section that follows outlines the impact of globalization and the increasing inequalities that have framed the lives of New Yorkers over the past three decades. The next section focuses on the changing conditions of life in Greenpoint and Williamsburg, as well as the ongoing community organizing around environmental justice and affordable housing. It follows the long and concerted collaboration among many community groups, churches, local politicians, and others for a fair and sustainable Community Development Plan, which came to be known as 197A. It shows how, after 9/11/2001, in Greenpoint–Williamsburg, the Bloomberg administration introduced massive plans for rezoning, overruling the previously approved Community Development Plan 197A. The final section traces the immediate impact of the 2008 global economic crisis on the half-built new condominiums precipitated by the Bloomberg rezoning.
Monica Heller
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199746866
- eISBN:
- 9780199827091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199746866.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Canadian language policy from the 1960s on has been based on the concept of “linguistic duality.” Within the frame of the welfare state, the federal government provided funds for the maintenance of ...
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Canadian language policy from the 1960s on has been based on the concept of “linguistic duality.” Within the frame of the welfare state, the federal government provided funds for the maintenance of minority official languages and cultures and, in doing so, brought into being a nationwide network of francophone minority institutions and cultural associations. This chapter follows the elite of a typical francophone village in Ontario as it copes with the shift of state discourse and resource distribution from liberal welfarism concerns with rights to preservation of identity and funding of cultural activities to neoliberal concerns with economic value and development, a shift intensifying the commodification of language and culture.Less
Canadian language policy from the 1960s on has been based on the concept of “linguistic duality.” Within the frame of the welfare state, the federal government provided funds for the maintenance of minority official languages and cultures and, in doing so, brought into being a nationwide network of francophone minority institutions and cultural associations. This chapter follows the elite of a typical francophone village in Ontario as it copes with the shift of state discourse and resource distribution from liberal welfarism concerns with rights to preservation of identity and funding of cultural activities to neoliberal concerns with economic value and development, a shift intensifying the commodification of language and culture.
Lee A. Smithey
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195395877
- eISBN:
- 9780199914470
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395877.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter investigates incentives and pressures that encourage unionists and loyalists in the Orange Order and other community organizations to mitigate contentious cultural expressions, enhance ...
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This chapter investigates incentives and pressures that encourage unionists and loyalists in the Orange Order and other community organizations to mitigate contentious cultural expressions, enhance public relations, build political capital, and engage in public discourse. Accepting monetary support from state and philanthropic sources for projects such as the redesign of murals and downsizing bonfires represents a departure from traditional prohibitions among Protestants against accepting charity or engaging in social work. Community development and cultural traditions work, such as cultural tourism, often parallel one another, and while there is no consensus, many community workers believe organizing around cultural traditions work can build human and social capital that is often lacking in Protestant working-class areas.Less
This chapter investigates incentives and pressures that encourage unionists and loyalists in the Orange Order and other community organizations to mitigate contentious cultural expressions, enhance public relations, build political capital, and engage in public discourse. Accepting monetary support from state and philanthropic sources for projects such as the redesign of murals and downsizing bonfires represents a departure from traditional prohibitions among Protestants against accepting charity or engaging in social work. Community development and cultural traditions work, such as cultural tourism, often parallel one another, and while there is no consensus, many community workers believe organizing around cultural traditions work can build human and social capital that is often lacking in Protestant working-class areas.
Heidi Rolland Unruh and Ronald J. Sider
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195161557
- eISBN:
- 9780199835836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195161556.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter introduces fifteen diverse Protestant churches noted for their community outreach, in the context of their Philadelphia religious ecology. The 237 programs sponsored by these case study ...
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This chapter introduces fifteen diverse Protestant churches noted for their community outreach, in the context of their Philadelphia religious ecology. The 237 programs sponsored by these case study churches are analyzed based on definitions of the key terms “social action” and “evangelism”. Social action includes four basic categories: relief services, personal development, community development, and systemic change. While individualistic, immediate aid tends to predominate over structural approaches to social problems, the amount and type of social ministry to emerge at a given church defies easy prediction. Among the churches studied, a strong emphasis on evangelism does not necessarily preclude involvement in social concerns.Less
This chapter introduces fifteen diverse Protestant churches noted for their community outreach, in the context of their Philadelphia religious ecology. The 237 programs sponsored by these case study churches are analyzed based on definitions of the key terms “social action” and “evangelism”. Social action includes four basic categories: relief services, personal development, community development, and systemic change. While individualistic, immediate aid tends to predominate over structural approaches to social problems, the amount and type of social ministry to emerge at a given church defies easy prediction. Among the churches studied, a strong emphasis on evangelism does not necessarily preclude involvement in social concerns.
Wilson Brissett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199769063
- eISBN:
- 9780199896851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199769063.003.0020
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter takes a look at thrift among low-income populations today, analyzing institutions that support and discourage thrift among the poor. Personal savings itself is institutionally arranged ...
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This chapter takes a look at thrift among low-income populations today, analyzing institutions that support and discourage thrift among the poor. Personal savings itself is institutionally arranged to be easily available to the prosperous and relatively inaccessible to the low-income worker. The sale of lottery tickets and the high-interest lending of payday loan centers, on the other hand, are available at every corner store and strip mall. In this way, government and mainstream market forces are discouraging the practice of thrift among low-income populations (often, as in the case of credit card companies, in the name of “democratization”) more forcefully than ever before. The rising tide of this “debt culture” has been countered by the growing influence of Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs), which offer a range of services from savings accounts to mortgage lending to venture capital investing in low-income areas, and usually enjoy support from government funding and partnership with commercial financial organizations. They have popularized the notion of a “double bottom line” that measures investment success by both financial return and social impact. The overall impact of CDFIs, however, has been too small to counteract substantially the anti-thrift forces among the American poor.Less
This chapter takes a look at thrift among low-income populations today, analyzing institutions that support and discourage thrift among the poor. Personal savings itself is institutionally arranged to be easily available to the prosperous and relatively inaccessible to the low-income worker. The sale of lottery tickets and the high-interest lending of payday loan centers, on the other hand, are available at every corner store and strip mall. In this way, government and mainstream market forces are discouraging the practice of thrift among low-income populations (often, as in the case of credit card companies, in the name of “democratization”) more forcefully than ever before. The rising tide of this “debt culture” has been countered by the growing influence of Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs), which offer a range of services from savings accounts to mortgage lending to venture capital investing in low-income areas, and usually enjoy support from government funding and partnership with commercial financial organizations. They have popularized the notion of a “double bottom line” that measures investment success by both financial return and social impact. The overall impact of CDFIs, however, has been too small to counteract substantially the anti-thrift forces among the American poor.
Kimberly D. Bess, Bernadette Doykos, Joanna D. Geller, Krista L. Craven, and Maury Nation
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823268795
- eISBN:
- 9780823272518
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823268795.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
University and community partnerships are embedded in institutional contexts that create conflicting demands and require collaborative approaches that balance competing needs and interests and focus ...
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University and community partnerships are embedded in institutional contexts that create conflicting demands and require collaborative approaches that balance competing needs and interests and focus on accomplishing shared goals for community change. This chapter offers a case study of a partnership between a Nashville-based human service organization and a university-based research team that developed for the purpose of conducting a community needs assessment to fulfil the requirements for a Promise Neighborhoods Planning grant from the U.S. Department of Education. It explores how conflicting demands can potentially limit the authenticity of partnership relationships, and in turn, undermine the success of these types of collaboration. The chapter examines resulting challenges that arise in relation to three key tensions: defining expertise, institutional barriers, and expectations of scientific rigor. Approaches to overcoming these challenges are offered, and lessons learned are explored.Less
University and community partnerships are embedded in institutional contexts that create conflicting demands and require collaborative approaches that balance competing needs and interests and focus on accomplishing shared goals for community change. This chapter offers a case study of a partnership between a Nashville-based human service organization and a university-based research team that developed for the purpose of conducting a community needs assessment to fulfil the requirements for a Promise Neighborhoods Planning grant from the U.S. Department of Education. It explores how conflicting demands can potentially limit the authenticity of partnership relationships, and in turn, undermine the success of these types of collaboration. The chapter examines resulting challenges that arise in relation to three key tensions: defining expertise, institutional barriers, and expectations of scientific rigor. Approaches to overcoming these challenges are offered, and lessons learned are explored.
Sabina Alkire
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199245796
- eISBN:
- 9780191600838
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199245797.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The sixth and seventh chapters that make up Part II of the book consist of one practical and much narrower application of the capability approach, namely, a discussion of how economic analysis ...
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The sixth and seventh chapters that make up Part II of the book consist of one practical and much narrower application of the capability approach, namely, a discussion of how economic analysis (cost‐benefit analysis) and systematic qualitative information on human impacts can be combined in order to assess the relative effectiveness of particular development activities in expanding human capabilities. This seventh chapter comprises case studies of three small Oxfam activities in Pakistan on which both cost‐benefit analysis and the further assessment of impacts were applied. The methodology described in Ch. 6 was developed, and these case studies were conducted, over nine months of field research in Pakistan with non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) that undertake income generation activities among poor communities using participatory methods. The aim was to develop a participatory method for evaluating development activities (at different stages of implementation) that field staff could implement themselves, and that would facilitate the kind of self‐direction and scrutiny of values issues advocated by Amartya Sen's capability approach. The three case studies were of women's income generation activities in Pakistan: loans for goat‐rearing, involving the local NGO the Rural Women's Welfare Organization; adult literacy and community development—the Khoj literacy activity project; and rose cultivation, involving the Marvi Women's Organization in the village of Arabsolangi, Sindh.Less
The sixth and seventh chapters that make up Part II of the book consist of one practical and much narrower application of the capability approach, namely, a discussion of how economic analysis (cost‐benefit analysis) and systematic qualitative information on human impacts can be combined in order to assess the relative effectiveness of particular development activities in expanding human capabilities. This seventh chapter comprises case studies of three small Oxfam activities in Pakistan on which both cost‐benefit analysis and the further assessment of impacts were applied. The methodology described in Ch. 6 was developed, and these case studies were conducted, over nine months of field research in Pakistan with non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) that undertake income generation activities among poor communities using participatory methods. The aim was to develop a participatory method for evaluating development activities (at different stages of implementation) that field staff could implement themselves, and that would facilitate the kind of self‐direction and scrutiny of values issues advocated by Amartya Sen's capability approach. The three case studies were of women's income generation activities in Pakistan: loans for goat‐rearing, involving the local NGO the Rural Women's Welfare Organization; adult literacy and community development—the Khoj literacy activity project; and rose cultivation, involving the Marvi Women's Organization in the village of Arabsolangi, Sindh.
Robert J. Chaskin and Mark L. Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226164397
- eISBN:
- 9780226303901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226303901.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter places public housing reform policies like the Plan for Transformation in Chicago and HOPE VI (and its successor Choice Neighborhoods) at the national level in the broader historical ...
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This chapter places public housing reform policies like the Plan for Transformation in Chicago and HOPE VI (and its successor Choice Neighborhoods) at the national level in the broader historical context of community development and “community building” efforts in the United States. It then builds on this broader history to situate housing policy as a response to urban poverty, charting the development of public housing in the United States, providing a description and analysis of current policy that seeks to reform it, and laying out the parameters and components of the Transformation that frame action and impact at the local level in each mixed-income development replacing public housing complexes.Less
This chapter places public housing reform policies like the Plan for Transformation in Chicago and HOPE VI (and its successor Choice Neighborhoods) at the national level in the broader historical context of community development and “community building” efforts in the United States. It then builds on this broader history to situate housing policy as a response to urban poverty, charting the development of public housing in the United States, providing a description and analysis of current policy that seeks to reform it, and laying out the parameters and components of the Transformation that frame action and impact at the local level in each mixed-income development replacing public housing complexes.
Paul Henderson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349705
- eISBN:
- 9781447301929
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349705.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
To what extent are the ideas and practice of community development across Europe similar? This book explores this question with special reference to the UK and Hungary and shows how community ...
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To what extent are the ideas and practice of community development across Europe similar? This book explores this question with special reference to the UK and Hungary and shows how community development connects powerfully with civil society, a concept that today has global significance. The book argues that community development is both a profession and a social movement and is relevant to a wide range of issues. Chapters interweave case studies with discussion of principles and theory.Less
To what extent are the ideas and practice of community development across Europe similar? This book explores this question with special reference to the UK and Hungary and shows how community development connects powerfully with civil society, a concept that today has global significance. The book argues that community development is both a profession and a social movement and is relevant to a wide range of issues. Chapters interweave case studies with discussion of principles and theory.
Michael Pitchford and Paul Henderson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422590
- eISBN:
- 9781447302759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422590.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This book provides an account of the key changes to the context and practice of community development since the 1970s through the experiences and insights of a group of highly experienced ...
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This book provides an account of the key changes to the context and practice of community development since the 1970s through the experiences and insights of a group of highly experienced practitioners. This book was intended for those practicing and interested in practising community development today, and is aimed at encouraging practitioners to think and ponder on their work. It is the aim of the book as well to contribute and initiate debate within the field of community development. It asks questions rather than gives answers and provides an opportunity to listen to the insights and perspectives of previous practices. Six chapters follow this introduction. Chapter Two discusses the history of community development over 40 years. Chapter Three outlines some of the key changes in the landscape and context of community development. Chapter Four examines the fundamental questions of what community development is and why are we doing it. Chapter Five examines the earlier confrontational approaches used by practitioners and compares this with the changes in the practice within the community planning framework. Chapter Six examines the issue of accountability and its implication on community development practice and relationships within practitioners and communities. The last chapter assesses the stand of community development today.Less
This book provides an account of the key changes to the context and practice of community development since the 1970s through the experiences and insights of a group of highly experienced practitioners. This book was intended for those practicing and interested in practising community development today, and is aimed at encouraging practitioners to think and ponder on their work. It is the aim of the book as well to contribute and initiate debate within the field of community development. It asks questions rather than gives answers and provides an opportunity to listen to the insights and perspectives of previous practices. Six chapters follow this introduction. Chapter Two discusses the history of community development over 40 years. Chapter Three outlines some of the key changes in the landscape and context of community development. Chapter Four examines the fundamental questions of what community development is and why are we doing it. Chapter Five examines the earlier confrontational approaches used by practitioners and compares this with the changes in the practice within the community planning framework. Chapter Six examines the issue of accountability and its implication on community development practice and relationships within practitioners and communities. The last chapter assesses the stand of community development today.
Sam Wong
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199659036
- eISBN:
- 9780191749032
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659036.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Community-based development has been criticized for inadequate understanding of power relationships at the local level, which leaves room for elite capture. This chapter compares and contrasts two ...
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Community-based development has been criticized for inadequate understanding of power relationships at the local level, which leaves room for elite capture. This chapter compares and contrasts two case studies: the solar home system in Bangladesh, represents the ‘counter-elite’ approach and explicitly excludes local elites from the decision-making process; and the trans-boundary water governance project in Ghana, in contrast, adopts the ‘co-opt-elite’ approach and deliberately absorbs local elites into the water committee. This chapter suggests that, while the ‘counter-elite’ approach is not necessarily effective in challenging elite domination, the ‘co-opt-elite’ approach risks legitimizing the authority of the elites and worsening poverty by implementing ‘anti-poor’ policies. The success of dealing with elite capture lies in the flexible use of the ‘counter-elite’ and ‘co-opt-elite’ approaches together with the need to secure alternative livelihoods and to achieve empowerment with the poor.Less
Community-based development has been criticized for inadequate understanding of power relationships at the local level, which leaves room for elite capture. This chapter compares and contrasts two case studies: the solar home system in Bangladesh, represents the ‘counter-elite’ approach and explicitly excludes local elites from the decision-making process; and the trans-boundary water governance project in Ghana, in contrast, adopts the ‘co-opt-elite’ approach and deliberately absorbs local elites into the water committee. This chapter suggests that, while the ‘counter-elite’ approach is not necessarily effective in challenging elite domination, the ‘co-opt-elite’ approach risks legitimizing the authority of the elites and worsening poverty by implementing ‘anti-poor’ policies. The success of dealing with elite capture lies in the flexible use of the ‘counter-elite’ and ‘co-opt-elite’ approaches together with the need to secure alternative livelihoods and to achieve empowerment with the poor.
Paul Henderson and Ilona Vercseg
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349705
- eISBN:
- 9781447301929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349705.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter analyses Roland Warren's second function required for a community to be effective — economic wealth. It begins by separating out different strands or types of community economic ...
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This chapter analyses Roland Warren's second function required for a community to be effective — economic wealth. It begins by separating out different strands or types of community economic development. It then examines the situation in central and eastern Europe, providing three case studies, before discussing the connections between community economic development and community development. This leads to an examination of two community economic development approaches that have widespread support in the UK — social entrepreneurship and asset-based community development. The chapter ends by summarizing underlying theories of community economic development.Less
This chapter analyses Roland Warren's second function required for a community to be effective — economic wealth. It begins by separating out different strands or types of community economic development. It then examines the situation in central and eastern Europe, providing three case studies, before discussing the connections between community economic development and community development. This leads to an examination of two community economic development approaches that have widespread support in the UK — social entrepreneurship and asset-based community development. The chapter ends by summarizing underlying theories of community economic development.
Paul Henderson and Ilona Vercseg
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349705
- eISBN:
- 9781447301929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349705.003.0014
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter takes up the question of how well equipped community development is to respond both to the challenges set out in the preceding five chapters and to changes taking place globally. It ...
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This chapter takes up the question of how well equipped community development is to respond both to the challenges set out in the preceding five chapters and to changes taking place globally. It reaffirms the connections between community development and civil society. The chapter specifies particular challenges facing community development in Hungary and the UK and ends by pointing to those that are shared by the two countries and those that are different.Less
This chapter takes up the question of how well equipped community development is to respond both to the challenges set out in the preceding five chapters and to changes taking place globally. It reaffirms the connections between community development and civil society. The chapter specifies particular challenges facing community development in Hungary and the UK and ends by pointing to those that are shared by the two countries and those that are different.
Deborah Quilgars
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861348715
- eISBN:
- 9781447301608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861348715.003.0011
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter evaluates the successes and challenges experienced in developing a Community Care Development Project. In recognition of the lack of joint work on ‘community care’ and ‘community ...
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This chapter evaluates the successes and challenges experienced in developing a Community Care Development Project. In recognition of the lack of joint work on ‘community care’ and ‘community development’, a three-year pilot project was established in Hull in 1999 by a partnership of local statutory and voluntary sector agencies to determine whether the community sector could be supported in addressing unmet low-level support and care needs. The chapter begins by outlining the national and local background to the project, before moving on to document the approach taken. The extent to which the project had a measurable impact on communities is then considered, in particular, the extent to which it met the community care needs of local communities.Less
This chapter evaluates the successes and challenges experienced in developing a Community Care Development Project. In recognition of the lack of joint work on ‘community care’ and ‘community development’, a three-year pilot project was established in Hull in 1999 by a partnership of local statutory and voluntary sector agencies to determine whether the community sector could be supported in addressing unmet low-level support and care needs. The chapter begins by outlining the national and local background to the project, before moving on to document the approach taken. The extent to which the project had a measurable impact on communities is then considered, in particular, the extent to which it met the community care needs of local communities.
Akwugo Emejulu
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447313175
- eISBN:
- 9781447313205
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447313175.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Through a comparative analysis of American and British community development since 1968, this book aims to examine how key political and policy debates social justice and social welfare and how it ...
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Through a comparative analysis of American and British community development since 1968, this book aims to examine how key political and policy debates social justice and social welfare and how it has been inscribed onto and embodied within the theories and practices of community development in America and Britain. First, through a comparative historical analysis of community development discourses in America and Britain since 1968, this book examines the changing nature of community development and map the competitions and contentions between different conceptions and practices of community development in each country. Second, this book analyses the changing identities of community, practitioner and policy actors over time and in each country. The micropolitics of community development is explored in detail, along with key concepts and framework for identifying and analysing community development discourses across time and national contexts.Less
Through a comparative analysis of American and British community development since 1968, this book aims to examine how key political and policy debates social justice and social welfare and how it has been inscribed onto and embodied within the theories and practices of community development in America and Britain. First, through a comparative historical analysis of community development discourses in America and Britain since 1968, this book examines the changing nature of community development and map the competitions and contentions between different conceptions and practices of community development in each country. Second, this book analyses the changing identities of community, practitioner and policy actors over time and in each country. The micropolitics of community development is explored in detail, along with key concepts and framework for identifying and analysing community development discourses across time and national contexts.
Robert Kratsas and Jennifer A. Parnell
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195125788
- eISBN:
- 9780199832927
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195125789.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter discusses two projects by Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) – Pagerungan and Vilano – that demonstrate the company's commitment to environmental protection and social development. They ...
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This chapter discusses two projects by Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) – Pagerungan and Vilano – that demonstrate the company's commitment to environmental protection and social development. They showcase new technologies – and perhaps more important, new corporate attitudes. The chapter also shows how integration of environmental and social objectives can be achieved through collaboration with NGOs, and innovative approaches to communication with the full range of stakeholders.Less
This chapter discusses two projects by Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) – Pagerungan and Vilano – that demonstrate the company's commitment to environmental protection and social development. They showcase new technologies – and perhaps more important, new corporate attitudes. The chapter also shows how integration of environmental and social objectives can be achieved through collaboration with NGOs, and innovative approaches to communication with the full range of stakeholders.
Alison Gilchrist
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420565
- eISBN:
- 9781447304012
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420565.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter provides a historical account of different models of community development mainly as they have emerged in the UK but with reference to more global perspectives, as propounded by the ...
More
This chapter provides a historical account of different models of community development mainly as they have emerged in the UK but with reference to more global perspectives, as propounded by the International Association for Community Development (IACD) and the United Nations. Community development has become increasingly professionalised but still retains a strong activist base and focus on civil society. In Britain, community development has to some extent been co-opted as a means of community engagement and empowerment, resulting in a delicate balancing act between the state agenda and community interests. In many ways it has highlighted the role of community practitioners, those who work at the interface between statutory bodies and citizens, in ensuring that the users of services can be involved in decision-making and the co-production of agreed outcomes, such as improved community safety or economic regeneration.Less
This chapter provides a historical account of different models of community development mainly as they have emerged in the UK but with reference to more global perspectives, as propounded by the International Association for Community Development (IACD) and the United Nations. Community development has become increasingly professionalised but still retains a strong activist base and focus on civil society. In Britain, community development has to some extent been co-opted as a means of community engagement and empowerment, resulting in a delicate balancing act between the state agenda and community interests. In many ways it has highlighted the role of community practitioners, those who work at the interface between statutory bodies and citizens, in ensuring that the users of services can be involved in decision-making and the co-production of agreed outcomes, such as improved community safety or economic regeneration.
