Ash Amin and Joanne Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545490
- eISBN:
- 9780191720093
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545490.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Knowledge Management
The chapter frames the book by examining the relationship between community, economic creativity, and knowledge capitalism, focusing especially on why a new discourse of organization by community has ...
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The chapter frames the book by examining the relationship between community, economic creativity, and knowledge capitalism, focusing especially on why a new discourse of organization by community has emerged. It begins by explaining why capitalism and community are compatible, going on to examine how ‘community’ as a keyword of the knowledge economy is beginning to shape corporate practice. The chapter then offers a critical reading of contemporary interest in ‘communities of practice’, arguing that diverse types of situated practice generative of different types of learning and knowing should not be reduced to the language of community. Finally, the chapter explores the organizational implications of an economy valuing situated practice, forcing the recombinance of decentred effort and the cultivation of anticipatory knowledge.Less
The chapter frames the book by examining the relationship between community, economic creativity, and knowledge capitalism, focusing especially on why a new discourse of organization by community has emerged. It begins by explaining why capitalism and community are compatible, going on to examine how ‘community’ as a keyword of the knowledge economy is beginning to shape corporate practice. The chapter then offers a critical reading of contemporary interest in ‘communities of practice’, arguing that diverse types of situated practice generative of different types of learning and knowing should not be reduced to the language of community. Finally, the chapter explores the organizational implications of an economy valuing situated practice, forcing the recombinance of decentred effort and the cultivation of anticipatory knowledge.
Chun Wei Choo
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195176780
- eISBN:
- 9780199789634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176780.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
An organization possesses three kinds of knowledge: tacit or personal knowledge; explicit or codified knowledge, and cultural knowledge in its beliefs and norms. An organization can create new ...
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An organization possesses three kinds of knowledge: tacit or personal knowledge; explicit or codified knowledge, and cultural knowledge in its beliefs and norms. An organization can create new knowledge by (1) converting between tacit and explicit knowledge; (2) extending core capabilities; and (3) transferring knowledge across different parts of the organization. Knowledge sharing depends on social networks that are built on norms of trust, reciprocity, and cooperation. This chapter looks at a number of cases that exemplify these concepts, including the community of practice in the Xerox Eureka project, and knowledge transfer at GM-Toyota NUMMI.Less
An organization possesses three kinds of knowledge: tacit or personal knowledge; explicit or codified knowledge, and cultural knowledge in its beliefs and norms. An organization can create new knowledge by (1) converting between tacit and explicit knowledge; (2) extending core capabilities; and (3) transferring knowledge across different parts of the organization. Knowledge sharing depends on social networks that are built on norms of trust, reciprocity, and cooperation. This chapter looks at a number of cases that exemplify these concepts, including the community of practice in the Xerox Eureka project, and knowledge transfer at GM-Toyota NUMMI.
Nigel Thrift
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545490
- eISBN:
- 9780191720093
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545490.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Knowledge Management
This chapter documents the hard work put in by business to the task of ‘explicitation’ through concept-practices like ‘community of practice’ and the dividends that it has paid in terms of ...
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This chapter documents the hard work put in by business to the task of ‘explicitation’ through concept-practices like ‘community of practice’ and the dividends that it has paid in terms of constructing a series of realities — new kinds of inhabitation — in which business forms a foregrounded background. In particular, it outlines how a new kind of spatial ‘atmosphere’ is being created which allows different kinds of subjects, objects and worlds to be thrown together through the construction of what might be called the ‘inhabitable map’.Less
This chapter documents the hard work put in by business to the task of ‘explicitation’ through concept-practices like ‘community of practice’ and the dividends that it has paid in terms of constructing a series of realities — new kinds of inhabitation — in which business forms a foregrounded background. In particular, it outlines how a new kind of spatial ‘atmosphere’ is being created which allows different kinds of subjects, objects and worlds to be thrown together through the construction of what might be called the ‘inhabitable map’.
Bart Nooteboom
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545490
- eISBN:
- 9780191720093
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545490.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Knowledge Management
This chapter addresses the question of how communities of different types, such as communities of practice and epistemic communities, relate to the task of organizations to combine exploitation and ...
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This chapter addresses the question of how communities of different types, such as communities of practice and epistemic communities, relate to the task of organizations to combine exploitation and exploration. A key issue is how this relates to ‘cognitive distance’ within and between communities and organizations, and the cognitive ‘focus’ of organizations.Less
This chapter addresses the question of how communities of different types, such as communities of practice and epistemic communities, relate to the task of organizations to combine exploitation and exploration. A key issue is how this relates to ‘cognitive distance’ within and between communities and organizations, and the cognitive ‘focus’ of organizations.
David W. DeLong
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195170979
- eISBN:
- 9780199789719
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195170979.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This chapter recognizes that successful retention of essential implicit knowledge and tacit knowledge requires more indirect practices that focus on creating a positive context for knowledge ...
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This chapter recognizes that successful retention of essential implicit knowledge and tacit knowledge requires more indirect practices that focus on creating a positive context for knowledge transfer. These practices are described with detailed examples of how they are used specifically to enhance knowledge retention. Approaches described in this chapter include storytelling, mentoring or coaching, after-action reviews, and communities of practice. Each section includes critical success factors to consider during implementation.Less
This chapter recognizes that successful retention of essential implicit knowledge and tacit knowledge requires more indirect practices that focus on creating a positive context for knowledge transfer. These practices are described with detailed examples of how they are used specifically to enhance knowledge retention. Approaches described in this chapter include storytelling, mentoring or coaching, after-action reviews, and communities of practice. Each section includes critical success factors to consider during implementation.
Eric Lesser and Lawrence Prusak (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195165128
- eISBN:
- 9780199835751
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195165128.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
The mid-1990s saw the rise of an important movement: a recognition that organizational knowledge, in its various forms and attributes, could be an important source of competitive advantage in the ...
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The mid-1990s saw the rise of an important movement: a recognition that organizational knowledge, in its various forms and attributes, could be an important source of competitive advantage in the marketplace. Knowledge management has become one of the core competencies in today's competitive environment, where so much value in companies resides in their people, systems, and processes. This book examines a variety of important knowledge-related topics, some of which has been previously published in such journals as the Harvard Business Review, California Management Review, and the Sloan Management Review, such as the use of informal networks, communities of practice, the impact of knowledge on successful alliances, social capital and trust, narrative and storytelling and the use of human intermediaries in the knowledge management process. The book includes contributions from such leading thinkers as Lawrence Prusak, Dorothy Leonard, Eric Lesser, Rob Cross, and David Snowden. This book synthesizes some of the best thinking by the IBM Institute for Knowledge-Based Organizations, a think tank whose research agenda focuses on the management methods for deriving tangible business value from knowledge management and their real-world application.Less
The mid-1990s saw the rise of an important movement: a recognition that organizational knowledge, in its various forms and attributes, could be an important source of competitive advantage in the marketplace. Knowledge management has become one of the core competencies in today's competitive environment, where so much value in companies resides in their people, systems, and processes. This book examines a variety of important knowledge-related topics, some of which has been previously published in such journals as the Harvard Business Review, California Management Review, and the Sloan Management Review, such as the use of informal networks, communities of practice, the impact of knowledge on successful alliances, social capital and trust, narrative and storytelling and the use of human intermediaries in the knowledge management process. The book includes contributions from such leading thinkers as Lawrence Prusak, Dorothy Leonard, Eric Lesser, Rob Cross, and David Snowden. This book synthesizes some of the best thinking by the IBM Institute for Knowledge-Based Organizations, a think tank whose research agenda focuses on the management methods for deriving tangible business value from knowledge management and their real-world application.
Michael A. Fontaine
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195165128
- eISBN:
- 9780199835751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195165128.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter illustrates the importance of formal and informal roles within a community of practice. These roles, which range from planning community events to maintaining a community website, can ...
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This chapter illustrates the importance of formal and informal roles within a community of practice. These roles, which range from planning community events to maintaining a community website, can help foster community participation and ensure that both individuals and organizations are making the most of their community investment. The chapter describes a study of communities in eighteen firms, which led to the identification of eleven formal and informal community roles.Less
This chapter illustrates the importance of formal and informal roles within a community of practice. These roles, which range from planning community events to maintaining a community website, can help foster community participation and ensure that both individuals and organizations are making the most of their community investment. The chapter describes a study of communities in eighteen firms, which led to the identification of eleven formal and informal community roles.
Ingrid Tieken‐Boon van Ostade
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199579273
- eISBN:
- 9780191595219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579273.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, English Language
As a normative grammar, and with its critical footnotes, Lowth's grammar heralds the next stage in the English standardisation process. It anticipates the rise of the usage guide in the next decades ...
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As a normative grammar, and with its critical footnotes, Lowth's grammar heralds the next stage in the English standardisation process. It anticipates the rise of the usage guide in the next decades of the century. Linguists and normative grammarians form different communities of practice: studying them as such is the domain of Normative Linguistics.Less
As a normative grammar, and with its critical footnotes, Lowth's grammar heralds the next stage in the English standardisation process. It anticipates the rise of the usage guide in the next decades of the century. Linguists and normative grammarians form different communities of practice: studying them as such is the domain of Normative Linguistics.
Paul Glennie and Nigel Thrift
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199278206
- eISBN:
- 9780191699979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278206.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Social History
Although there are particular circumstances that could make new or modified temporal practices come about from specific communities of practice, none of these communities have full access to ...
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Although there are particular circumstances that could make new or modified temporal practices come about from specific communities of practice, none of these communities have full access to information regarding clocks and clock times. These communities, however, may easily participate in certain temporal practices that involved clocks and other such timepieces even if they only had limited access to formal and codified primers and manuals. The following points illustrate the different yet interrelated ways of describing these communities of practice: 1) these communities have norms of embodiment that serve the same purpose as watches; 2) these norms are embedded in inter-corporeal routines; 3) certain tools are made to support these routines; and 4) these communities rely on a diverse collection of knowledge and on conventions that recognize ‘enunciative authority’.Less
Although there are particular circumstances that could make new or modified temporal practices come about from specific communities of practice, none of these communities have full access to information regarding clocks and clock times. These communities, however, may easily participate in certain temporal practices that involved clocks and other such timepieces even if they only had limited access to formal and codified primers and manuals. The following points illustrate the different yet interrelated ways of describing these communities of practice: 1) these communities have norms of embodiment that serve the same purpose as watches; 2) these norms are embedded in inter-corporeal routines; 3) certain tools are made to support these routines; and 4) these communities rely on a diverse collection of knowledge and on conventions that recognize ‘enunciative authority’.
Paul Glennie and Nigel Thrift
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199278206
- eISBN:
- 9780191699979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278206.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Social History
As told by Vicenzio Viviani — Galileo Galilei's first biographer and former student — Galileo took an interest in the movement of pendulums some time before 1600 because of the swinging of the oil ...
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As told by Vicenzio Viviani — Galileo Galilei's first biographer and former student — Galileo took an interest in the movement of pendulums some time before 1600 because of the swinging of the oil lamps of the cathedral in Pisa. In his attempts to come up with laws of motion to explain the rhythmic movements of the pendulum, Galileo compared varied lengths of strings, weights of the ‘bob’, heights, and different combinations of other such experiments. Because of the lack of accurate clocks, Galileo turned to human biology, specifically to pulse rates, in measuring time. Since Galileo was able to use other mechanisms to measure time, all of his practices were labeled ‘modern’. This chapter gives attention to the importance of precision as an indicator of time and to how Galileo is involved with several and various communities of practice, and how this affects his conduct in analysing clock time.Less
As told by Vicenzio Viviani — Galileo Galilei's first biographer and former student — Galileo took an interest in the movement of pendulums some time before 1600 because of the swinging of the oil lamps of the cathedral in Pisa. In his attempts to come up with laws of motion to explain the rhythmic movements of the pendulum, Galileo compared varied lengths of strings, weights of the ‘bob’, heights, and different combinations of other such experiments. Because of the lack of accurate clocks, Galileo turned to human biology, specifically to pulse rates, in measuring time. Since Galileo was able to use other mechanisms to measure time, all of his practices were labeled ‘modern’. This chapter gives attention to the importance of precision as an indicator of time and to how Galileo is involved with several and various communities of practice, and how this affects his conduct in analysing clock time.
Philippe Lorino
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198753216
- eISBN:
- 9780191814860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198753216.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
Pragmatist inquiry involves a group of inquirers who face a break in their experience and pursue existential motives. They must continuously build reciprocal intelligibility. The felicitous outcome ...
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Pragmatist inquiry involves a group of inquirers who face a break in their experience and pursue existential motives. They must continuously build reciprocal intelligibility. The felicitous outcome requires reciprocal trust, transforming the group of inquirers into a temporary community. The community dimension of inquiry is illustrated through a case study: the implementation of an integrated management information system in an electricity company. It identifies the roles of two types of communities: communities of practice, characterized by common practice, and communities of inquiry, characterized by the diversity of practices but an agreed general concern. The concept of community of inquiry was initially sketched by classic pragmatist authors and later developed by organization scholars, particularly in the field of public management. It is related to Follett’s view of “group organization” as the basis of democratic life and Latour’s concept of “matter of concern.”Less
Pragmatist inquiry involves a group of inquirers who face a break in their experience and pursue existential motives. They must continuously build reciprocal intelligibility. The felicitous outcome requires reciprocal trust, transforming the group of inquirers into a temporary community. The community dimension of inquiry is illustrated through a case study: the implementation of an integrated management information system in an electricity company. It identifies the roles of two types of communities: communities of practice, characterized by common practice, and communities of inquiry, characterized by the diversity of practices but an agreed general concern. The concept of community of inquiry was initially sketched by classic pragmatist authors and later developed by organization scholars, particularly in the field of public management. It is related to Follett’s view of “group organization” as the basis of democratic life and Latour’s concept of “matter of concern.”
Eric L. Lesser and Michael A. Fontaine
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195165128
- eISBN:
- 9780199835751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195165128.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter extends the notion of community to include customers. It focuses on how organizations are bringing together informal groups of customers via the Internet to exchange knowledge, build ...
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This chapter extends the notion of community to include customers. It focuses on how organizations are bringing together informal groups of customers via the Internet to exchange knowledge, build brand loyalty, and provide unique insights into product design and use. The components of a customer community space and King Arthur Flour's creation of its online customer community — the Baking Circle — are discussed.Less
This chapter extends the notion of community to include customers. It focuses on how organizations are bringing together informal groups of customers via the Internet to exchange knowledge, build brand loyalty, and provide unique insights into product design and use. The components of a customer community space and King Arthur Flour's creation of its online customer community — the Baking Circle — are discussed.
Eser Kandogan, Paul P. Maglio, Eben M. Haber, and John Bailey
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780195374124
- eISBN:
- 9780199979134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374124.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Human-Technology Interaction
This chapter describes the importance of broader communities in IT management, such as informal groups of people who share a profession or specialty and engage in collective learning in their ...
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This chapter describes the importance of broader communities in IT management, such as informal groups of people who share a profession or specialty and engage in collective learning in their specific domain (e.g., Lave & Wenger, 1991). Through the story of Joe and Aaron, security administrators at a large university data center, we see formal and informal collaboration between departments in the university, ad hoc collaboration between different universities facing a widespread security incident, and global communities that collectively maintain information sites and open-source tools.Less
This chapter describes the importance of broader communities in IT management, such as informal groups of people who share a profession or specialty and engage in collective learning in their specific domain (e.g., Lave & Wenger, 1991). Through the story of Joe and Aaron, security administrators at a large university data center, we see formal and informal collaboration between departments in the university, ad hoc collaboration between different universities facing a widespread security incident, and global communities that collectively maintain information sites and open-source tools.
Sinem Siyahhan and Elisabeth Gee
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262037464
- eISBN:
- 9780262344579
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262037464.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
In this chapter, we expand upon Seymour Papert’s notion of “learning culture”. Specifically, we describe how the traditional expert-novice relationship between parents and children has changed over ...
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In this chapter, we expand upon Seymour Papert’s notion of “learning culture”. Specifically, we describe how the traditional expert-novice relationship between parents and children has changed over the last decade with children taking the role of an expert when it comes to technology. We propose that successful participation in 21st century for children starts with collaborative intergenerational experiences at home around technology, and video gaming in particular is a promising context for parents and children to work as partners and develop the dispositions that can be “transfer” to other contexts (e.g. workplace).Less
In this chapter, we expand upon Seymour Papert’s notion of “learning culture”. Specifically, we describe how the traditional expert-novice relationship between parents and children has changed over the last decade with children taking the role of an expert when it comes to technology. We propose that successful participation in 21st century for children starts with collaborative intergenerational experiences at home around technology, and video gaming in particular is a promising context for parents and children to work as partners and develop the dispositions that can be “transfer” to other contexts (e.g. workplace).
Marian H. Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226105611
- eISBN:
- 9780226164427
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226164427.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This book explores how communities formed around artworks in the Iron Age Levant (c. 1200-600 BCE). It argues that portable luxury arts forged collective memories and community identities through the ...
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This book explores how communities formed around artworks in the Iron Age Levant (c. 1200-600 BCE). It argues that portable luxury arts forged collective memories and community identities through the production and consumption of style, understood as stylistic practices, and offers a rethinking of the way art historians approach style as an analytical feature of art. Stylistic analysis of Iron Age Levantine ivories and metalworks reveals a spectrum of heterogeneous styles that point to flexible networked communities of practice, rather than to one-to-one geographical associations between style and city-state, challenging the autochthonous nature of style and strictly culture-history classifications of art. An alternative approach for interpreting stylistic traits, derived from practice theory, proposes that stylistic practices be understood as part of embodied social relations. These are considered from the vantage point first of the Levant and then of its increasingly powerful neighbor Assyria. Contextualizing the stylistic practices of specific Levantine artworks, such as decorated metal (“Phoenician”) bowls, articulates the ways in which collective memories could coalesce around them through social activities such as drinking and libating. The artworks’ efficacy in creating social relations extends to contexts of displacement, recycling, and reuse, and the book concludes by tracing the narratives of several Levantine ivories and metalworks that moved in multiple contexts across cultures and social strata in the Near East and eastern Mediterranean.Less
This book explores how communities formed around artworks in the Iron Age Levant (c. 1200-600 BCE). It argues that portable luxury arts forged collective memories and community identities through the production and consumption of style, understood as stylistic practices, and offers a rethinking of the way art historians approach style as an analytical feature of art. Stylistic analysis of Iron Age Levantine ivories and metalworks reveals a spectrum of heterogeneous styles that point to flexible networked communities of practice, rather than to one-to-one geographical associations between style and city-state, challenging the autochthonous nature of style and strictly culture-history classifications of art. An alternative approach for interpreting stylistic traits, derived from practice theory, proposes that stylistic practices be understood as part of embodied social relations. These are considered from the vantage point first of the Levant and then of its increasingly powerful neighbor Assyria. Contextualizing the stylistic practices of specific Levantine artworks, such as decorated metal (“Phoenician”) bowls, articulates the ways in which collective memories could coalesce around them through social activities such as drinking and libating. The artworks’ efficacy in creating social relations extends to contexts of displacement, recycling, and reuse, and the book concludes by tracing the narratives of several Levantine ivories and metalworks that moved in multiple contexts across cultures and social strata in the Near East and eastern Mediterranean.
Aoife Lenihan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199795437
- eISBN:
- 9780199919321
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795437.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter considers the language ideologies present in—and expressed through—the metalinguistic discourse of Facebook's “translations” application and in the metalinguistic commentary of Facebook ...
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This chapter considers the language ideologies present in—and expressed through—the metalinguistic discourse of Facebook's “translations” application and in the metalinguistic commentary of Facebook “translators” as a community. The case study presented here offers an insight into the ways language ideologies are produced by the community of translators who are themselves also facilitated (and encouraged) by the corporate context of Facebook Inc. New media open up a world of multilingual possibility but one which is inevitably structured by language policing, verbal hygiene, and a range of language ideological debates about endangerment, purism, and parallelism.Less
This chapter considers the language ideologies present in—and expressed through—the metalinguistic discourse of Facebook's “translations” application and in the metalinguistic commentary of Facebook “translators” as a community. The case study presented here offers an insight into the ways language ideologies are produced by the community of translators who are themselves also facilitated (and encouraged) by the corporate context of Facebook Inc. New media open up a world of multilingual possibility but one which is inevitably structured by language policing, verbal hygiene, and a range of language ideological debates about endangerment, purism, and parallelism.
Charles Husband
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447314899
- eISBN:
- 9781447314929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447314899.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter provides a conceptual framework for the following contributions to this edited book; and outlines the linkages between them. It introduces the role of neoliberal ideology and practice in ...
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This chapter provides a conceptual framework for the following contributions to this edited book; and outlines the linkages between them. It introduces the role of neoliberal ideology and practice in shaping the institutional context of research production. In outlining the role of epistemic communities in the production of knowledge the reader is introduced to the utility of employing the concept of communities of practice in order to critically explore the situational context of research activity. This analysis is complemented by a discussion of the relevance of typologies of knowledge production. The chapter signals the significance of the political erasure of racisms, the role of counter-narratives to multiculturalism, and the logics of neo-liberalism in framing the field of research and policy to be discussed in this book.Less
This chapter provides a conceptual framework for the following contributions to this edited book; and outlines the linkages between them. It introduces the role of neoliberal ideology and practice in shaping the institutional context of research production. In outlining the role of epistemic communities in the production of knowledge the reader is introduced to the utility of employing the concept of communities of practice in order to critically explore the situational context of research activity. This analysis is complemented by a discussion of the relevance of typologies of knowledge production. The chapter signals the significance of the political erasure of racisms, the role of counter-narratives to multiculturalism, and the logics of neo-liberalism in framing the field of research and policy to be discussed in this book.
Richard Ivan Jobs
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226438979
- eISBN:
- 9780226439020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226439020.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter looks at the independent young travelers who had emerged seeking fun, adventure, and rewarding experiences outside institutional structures in ways that often proved problematic to the ...
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This chapter looks at the independent young travelers who had emerged seeking fun, adventure, and rewarding experiences outside institutional structures in ways that often proved problematic to the nation-state. By the 1970s, each year a few million young independent travelers (including by this point a million Americans annually) set their own agendas, moved at their own pace, often without plan or intention, outside the structured experiences of cultural exchange but within a highly gendered context that was framed by a narrativity of self-discovery through travel adventure. This youth mobility became entwined with the counterculture and shifted focus from Swinging London to the Magical Center of Amsterdam to the overland hippie trail to India. The young backpacker, with a Eurail or Interrail pass or hitchhiking along the roadways, had emerged as a cultural phenomenon, but also as an intensely masculine one; independent ‘drifter’ travel was bound up with an ethic of machismo that was a striking contrast to the gendered nature of study abroad, a highly feminine endeavor. This kind of travel was a learned behavior, and these young people, wittingly or not, became members of a community of practice which transcended national boundaries through their adopted habits of travel.Less
This chapter looks at the independent young travelers who had emerged seeking fun, adventure, and rewarding experiences outside institutional structures in ways that often proved problematic to the nation-state. By the 1970s, each year a few million young independent travelers (including by this point a million Americans annually) set their own agendas, moved at their own pace, often without plan or intention, outside the structured experiences of cultural exchange but within a highly gendered context that was framed by a narrativity of self-discovery through travel adventure. This youth mobility became entwined with the counterculture and shifted focus from Swinging London to the Magical Center of Amsterdam to the overland hippie trail to India. The young backpacker, with a Eurail or Interrail pass or hitchhiking along the roadways, had emerged as a cultural phenomenon, but also as an intensely masculine one; independent ‘drifter’ travel was bound up with an ethic of machismo that was a striking contrast to the gendered nature of study abroad, a highly feminine endeavor. This kind of travel was a learned behavior, and these young people, wittingly or not, became members of a community of practice which transcended national boundaries through their adopted habits of travel.
Martin D. Gallivan and Victor D. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813062860
- eISBN:
- 9780813051819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062860.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Chapter 4 discusses how the Virginia Algonquian landscape first coalesced as a result of population movements and social interactions involving different communities of hunter gatherers during the ...
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Chapter 4 discusses how the Virginia Algonquian landscape first coalesced as a result of population movements and social interactions involving different communities of hunter gatherers during the early centuries A.D. As documented within the Kiskiak site, the archaeology of this period records the appearance of new settlement forms, subsistence practices, and a ceramic tradition shared across a broad swath of the coastal Middle Atlantic. Historical linguistic studies raise the possibility that these developments resulted from the rapid replacement of indigenous foragers by newly arrived Algonquian speakers migrating from the north. The archaeological record on the James-York peninsula, by contrast, documents the coexistence for several centuries of distinct communities of practice linked to different material traditions. The archaeology of interior encampments and of riverine settlements with shell middens points toward seasonal movement between places where forager-fishers gathered for events that involved feasting, exchange, and intermarriage. These spatial practices introduced during the second century A.D. signalled an emphasis on estuarine settings that has oriented Native history in the Chesapeake to the present day.Less
Chapter 4 discusses how the Virginia Algonquian landscape first coalesced as a result of population movements and social interactions involving different communities of hunter gatherers during the early centuries A.D. As documented within the Kiskiak site, the archaeology of this period records the appearance of new settlement forms, subsistence practices, and a ceramic tradition shared across a broad swath of the coastal Middle Atlantic. Historical linguistic studies raise the possibility that these developments resulted from the rapid replacement of indigenous foragers by newly arrived Algonquian speakers migrating from the north. The archaeological record on the James-York peninsula, by contrast, documents the coexistence for several centuries of distinct communities of practice linked to different material traditions. The archaeology of interior encampments and of riverine settlements with shell middens points toward seasonal movement between places where forager-fishers gathered for events that involved feasting, exchange, and intermarriage. These spatial practices introduced during the second century A.D. signalled an emphasis on estuarine settings that has oriented Native history in the Chesapeake to the present day.
Lisa Newon
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199795437
- eISBN:
- 9780199919321
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795437.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter considers how speakers and hearers in an online MMORPG community adapt to their semiotically restricted ecology for performing “identities of expertise.” Building on Eckert and ...
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This chapter considers how speakers and hearers in an online MMORPG community adapt to their semiotically restricted ecology for performing “identities of expertise.” Building on Eckert and Rickford's (2001) discussion of the practice-based nature of style, the data shows the ways in which members of a World of Warcraft guild linguistically and symbolically index different subgroups of game experience within the group. These expert styles are ways of performing authority and authenticity that correspond to community membership. Based on fifteen months of participant-observation and sixty hours of recorded voice conversations, the research illuminates the discursive complexity and creativity of interaction in the guild. Multimodal identity work occurs through overlapping, mutually elaborating semiotic tools, used for both pragmatic and stylistic effect. The multimodal resources discussed include voice chat, written communication, avatar gestures, and the built environment.Less
This chapter considers how speakers and hearers in an online MMORPG community adapt to their semiotically restricted ecology for performing “identities of expertise.” Building on Eckert and Rickford's (2001) discussion of the practice-based nature of style, the data shows the ways in which members of a World of Warcraft guild linguistically and symbolically index different subgroups of game experience within the group. These expert styles are ways of performing authority and authenticity that correspond to community membership. Based on fifteen months of participant-observation and sixty hours of recorded voice conversations, the research illuminates the discursive complexity and creativity of interaction in the guild. Multimodal identity work occurs through overlapping, mutually elaborating semiotic tools, used for both pragmatic and stylistic effect. The multimodal resources discussed include voice chat, written communication, avatar gestures, and the built environment.
