Guanghua Wan (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199535194
- eISBN:
- 9780191715730
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199535194.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book provides updated coverage of inequality and poverty issues in China. Some of the methodologies developed may be used in other contexts and for other countries. The use of different data ...
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This book provides updated coverage of inequality and poverty issues in China. Some of the methodologies developed may be used in other contexts and for other countries. The use of different data sources and state-of-art research techniques ensures that the findings and conclusions can be substantiated and that the policy recommendations are reliable and robust. Rapidly rising inequality in China has contributed to the sluggishness of domestic demand and emerging poverty. It has thus exerted considerable pressure for commodity exports and represents a root cause of increased trade disputes. These have profound ramifications for the US, EU, and other economies, and the international business community. Consequently, economists and sociologists, among others, are increasingly focused upon inequality and poverty issues in China and relevant policy implications. This book, arising from a two-year UNU-WIDER project, addresses issues that include the inequality-growth relationship, regional/personal variation in incomes and human well-being in areas such as education, the determinants of inequality and poverty or their changes, gaps in innovation capability, and the role played by China's development strategies in affecting inequality.Less
This book provides updated coverage of inequality and poverty issues in China. Some of the methodologies developed may be used in other contexts and for other countries. The use of different data sources and state-of-art research techniques ensures that the findings and conclusions can be substantiated and that the policy recommendations are reliable and robust. Rapidly rising inequality in China has contributed to the sluggishness of domestic demand and emerging poverty. It has thus exerted considerable pressure for commodity exports and represents a root cause of increased trade disputes. These have profound ramifications for the US, EU, and other economies, and the international business community. Consequently, economists and sociologists, among others, are increasingly focused upon inequality and poverty issues in China and relevant policy implications. This book, arising from a two-year UNU-WIDER project, addresses issues that include the inequality-growth relationship, regional/personal variation in incomes and human well-being in areas such as education, the determinants of inequality and poverty or their changes, gaps in innovation capability, and the role played by China's development strategies in affecting inequality.
Peter C. Y. Chow and Mitchell H. Kellman
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195078954
- eISBN:
- 9780199855001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195078954.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
Japan represents a fascinating role model to the East Asian NICs. In this chapter, the similarities and differences in export patterns among the NICs with those of Japan at various historic periods ...
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Japan represents a fascinating role model to the East Asian NICs. In this chapter, the similarities and differences in export patterns among the NICs with those of Japan at various historic periods are evaluated. Relative leaders and laggers in world trade are identified by examining the overlapping of export commodities between the NICs and Japan through the use of the “similarity index” of Finger and Kreinin. An intertemporal examination of the respective export compositions of the four Asian NICs indicates that although they differ significantly from each other at any given time, they all share a clear dynamic tendency to emulate Japan. Further, evidence shows that rather than match and displace the faster growing Japan, the NICs demonstrated a more complex interaction with the said country.Less
Japan represents a fascinating role model to the East Asian NICs. In this chapter, the similarities and differences in export patterns among the NICs with those of Japan at various historic periods are evaluated. Relative leaders and laggers in world trade are identified by examining the overlapping of export commodities between the NICs and Japan through the use of the “similarity index” of Finger and Kreinin. An intertemporal examination of the respective export compositions of the four Asian NICs indicates that although they differ significantly from each other at any given time, they all share a clear dynamic tendency to emulate Japan. Further, evidence shows that rather than match and displace the faster growing Japan, the NICs demonstrated a more complex interaction with the said country.
Kalok Chan, Yiuman Tse, and Michael Williams
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226386898
- eISBN:
- 9780226386904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226386904.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines relationships among currency and commodity futures markets based on four commodity-exporting countries' currency futures returns and a range of index-based commodity futures ...
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This chapter examines relationships among currency and commodity futures markets based on four commodity-exporting countries' currency futures returns and a range of index-based commodity futures returns. These four commodity linked currencies are the Australian dollar, the Canadian dollar, the New Zealand dollar, and the South African rand. It is found that commodity/currency relationships exist contemporaneously, but fail to exhibit Granger-causality in either direction. The short-horizon commodity/currency relationships is analyzed using two types of restriction-based causality tests as well as a rolling out of sample forecasting methodology. No evidence of cross-asset causality or predictive ability is found in either direction. These results suggest that commodity returns information is rapidly incorporated into currency returns on a daily level. The results also suggest that economic expectations embedded in currency returns are rapidly incorporated into a country's terms-of-trade, which are embedded in commodity returns.Less
This chapter examines relationships among currency and commodity futures markets based on four commodity-exporting countries' currency futures returns and a range of index-based commodity futures returns. These four commodity linked currencies are the Australian dollar, the Canadian dollar, the New Zealand dollar, and the South African rand. It is found that commodity/currency relationships exist contemporaneously, but fail to exhibit Granger-causality in either direction. The short-horizon commodity/currency relationships is analyzed using two types of restriction-based causality tests as well as a rolling out of sample forecasting methodology. No evidence of cross-asset causality or predictive ability is found in either direction. These results suggest that commodity returns information is rapidly incorporated into currency returns on a daily level. The results also suggest that economic expectations embedded in currency returns are rapidly incorporated into a country's terms-of-trade, which are embedded in commodity returns.
Molly C. Ball
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781683401667
- eISBN:
- 9781683402336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683401667.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
In an era of commodity export–led growth, coffee served as the engine behind the city of São Paulo’s phenomenal expansion during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The city had ...
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In an era of commodity export–led growth, coffee served as the engine behind the city of São Paulo’s phenomenal expansion during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The city had incredible ethnic, racial, and national diversity for the hemisphere, and São Paulo became an important Transatlantic and Southern Cone immigration node for families. To fully appreciate this diversity, São Paulo’s population cannot be reduced into black/white or immigrant/Brazilian binaries. This is not to suggest that discrimination did not exist. On the contrary, the introduction concludes by challenging economic historians to delve more deeply into lived experiences and into understanding the role of persistent prejudice and discrimination in persistent Latin American inequality and underdevelopment. Similarly, it urges cultural and social historians to consider how using New Economic History methodologies to examine working-class lives can provide insight into archival silences and help to recover embedded narratives.Less
In an era of commodity export–led growth, coffee served as the engine behind the city of São Paulo’s phenomenal expansion during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The city had incredible ethnic, racial, and national diversity for the hemisphere, and São Paulo became an important Transatlantic and Southern Cone immigration node for families. To fully appreciate this diversity, São Paulo’s population cannot be reduced into black/white or immigrant/Brazilian binaries. This is not to suggest that discrimination did not exist. On the contrary, the introduction concludes by challenging economic historians to delve more deeply into lived experiences and into understanding the role of persistent prejudice and discrimination in persistent Latin American inequality and underdevelopment. Similarly, it urges cultural and social historians to consider how using New Economic History methodologies to examine working-class lives can provide insight into archival silences and help to recover embedded narratives.
Tony Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154923
- eISBN:
- 9781400842025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154923.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines the dynamic of American imperialism in the Philippines since 1898 and the role played by the United States in determining the values, practices, and institutions that constitute ...
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This chapter examines the dynamic of American imperialism in the Philippines since 1898 and the role played by the United States in determining the values, practices, and institutions that constitute democracy in the islands today. It first explains why the United States decided to sponsor democracy in the Philippines after defeating Spain in the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898. It then considers the political and socioeconomic dimensions of the United States' democratization of the Philippines, focusing on its introduction of the trappings of modern government such as political parties, elections, and the rise of a Filipino landed class whose wealth was based on the production of export commodities. It also discusses the negative effects of a landowning oligarchy on Philippine democracy and concludes with an assessment of the reasons why General Douglas MacArthur did not mandate land reform for the Philippines.Less
This chapter examines the dynamic of American imperialism in the Philippines since 1898 and the role played by the United States in determining the values, practices, and institutions that constitute democracy in the islands today. It first explains why the United States decided to sponsor democracy in the Philippines after defeating Spain in the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898. It then considers the political and socioeconomic dimensions of the United States' democratization of the Philippines, focusing on its introduction of the trappings of modern government such as political parties, elections, and the rise of a Filipino landed class whose wealth was based on the production of export commodities. It also discusses the negative effects of a landowning oligarchy on Philippine democracy and concludes with an assessment of the reasons why General Douglas MacArthur did not mandate land reform for the Philippines.
Robert J. Antony
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028115
- eISBN:
- 9789882206915
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028115.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter re-examines piracy and trade around the Malacca Strait in the early nineteenth century, a period of colonial expansion and so-called increased piratical activities. It describes the ...
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This chapter re-examines piracy and trade around the Malacca Strait in the early nineteenth century, a period of colonial expansion and so-called increased piratical activities. It describes the trade in the area during this period as one of competition and network-formation between Asian, Dutch, and British traders who sought to obtain export commodities for the Chinese market. It highlights the role of piracy in local and regional commercial development and in the formation of colonial states.Less
This chapter re-examines piracy and trade around the Malacca Strait in the early nineteenth century, a period of colonial expansion and so-called increased piratical activities. It describes the trade in the area during this period as one of competition and network-formation between Asian, Dutch, and British traders who sought to obtain export commodities for the Chinese market. It highlights the role of piracy in local and regional commercial development and in the formation of colonial states.
Joseph Stiglitz, Patrick Bolton, and Frederic Samama (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231158633
- eISBN:
- 9780231530286
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231158633.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are state-owned investment funds with combined asset holdings that are fast approaching four trillion dollars. Recently emerging as a major force in global financial ...
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Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are state-owned investment funds with combined asset holdings that are fast approaching four trillion dollars. Recently emerging as a major force in global financial markets, SWFs have other distinctive features besides their state-owned status: they are mainly located in developing countries and are intimately tied to energy and commodities exports, and they carry virtually no liabilities and have little redemption risk, which allows them to take a longer-term investment outlook than most other institutional investors. This book examines the specificities of SWFs in greater detail and discusses the implications of their growing presence for the world economy. Based on material delivered in 2011 at a major conference on SWFs held at Columbia University, the book discusses the objectives and performance of SWFs, as well as their benchmarks and governance. What are the opportunities for SWFs as long-term investments? How do they fulfill their socially responsible mission? And what role can SWFs play in fostering sustainable development and greater global financial stability? These are some of the crucial questions addressed in this volume.Less
Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are state-owned investment funds with combined asset holdings that are fast approaching four trillion dollars. Recently emerging as a major force in global financial markets, SWFs have other distinctive features besides their state-owned status: they are mainly located in developing countries and are intimately tied to energy and commodities exports, and they carry virtually no liabilities and have little redemption risk, which allows them to take a longer-term investment outlook than most other institutional investors. This book examines the specificities of SWFs in greater detail and discusses the implications of their growing presence for the world economy. Based on material delivered in 2011 at a major conference on SWFs held at Columbia University, the book discusses the objectives and performance of SWFs, as well as their benchmarks and governance. What are the opportunities for SWFs as long-term investments? How do they fulfill their socially responsible mission? And what role can SWFs play in fostering sustainable development and greater global financial stability? These are some of the crucial questions addressed in this volume.
Tim Jones
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198810445
- eISBN:
- 9780191847783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198810445.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
In the 1980s and 1990s the debt crisis in the global South, and the way it was responded to through bail out and adjustment programmes, caused stagnation in the development of health systems for many ...
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In the 1980s and 1990s the debt crisis in the global South, and the way it was responded to through bail out and adjustment programmes, caused stagnation in the development of health systems for many years. Debt cancellation for some countries, alongside increasing commodity prices, enabled significant improvements in healthcare to be made from the 2000s on. However, key vulnerabilities remained, including dependence on commodity exports, the lack of a fair and transparent arbitration process to resolve debt crises and the lack of a framework to assess debt payments against other needs, including the ability of the state to provide basic health care. Economic developments in recent years have led to debt payments increasing rapidly since 2014. Government spending cuts in response to such crises once again threatens progress on securing basic health services for all. In the context of constrained government budgets, one mechanism being promoted for investment is that of PPPs. The danger is that if health-related PPPs are extensively used, contractual payments on them will crowd-out spending in other areas of healthcare, leading to further stagnation or reduction of services.Less
In the 1980s and 1990s the debt crisis in the global South, and the way it was responded to through bail out and adjustment programmes, caused stagnation in the development of health systems for many years. Debt cancellation for some countries, alongside increasing commodity prices, enabled significant improvements in healthcare to be made from the 2000s on. However, key vulnerabilities remained, including dependence on commodity exports, the lack of a fair and transparent arbitration process to resolve debt crises and the lack of a framework to assess debt payments against other needs, including the ability of the state to provide basic health care. Economic developments in recent years have led to debt payments increasing rapidly since 2014. Government spending cuts in response to such crises once again threatens progress on securing basic health services for all. In the context of constrained government budgets, one mechanism being promoted for investment is that of PPPs. The danger is that if health-related PPPs are extensively used, contractual payments on them will crowd-out spending in other areas of healthcare, leading to further stagnation or reduction of services.
