Matthew Gill
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199547142
- eISBN:
- 9780191720017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547142.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
This chapter illustrates how accountants' conception of professionalism has been eroded both by the idea of the accountant as a technical expert, and by the competing imperative of commercialism in ...
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This chapter illustrates how accountants' conception of professionalism has been eroded both by the idea of the accountant as a technical expert, and by the competing imperative of commercialism in accounting firms. Yet accountants still aspire to professionalism, even though the concept has become opaque to them. The chapter explores why professionalism remains important to accountants, and reveals its potential as a means of securing public trust in the accounting profession.Less
This chapter illustrates how accountants' conception of professionalism has been eroded both by the idea of the accountant as a technical expert, and by the competing imperative of commercialism in accounting firms. Yet accountants still aspire to professionalism, even though the concept has become opaque to them. The chapter explores why professionalism remains important to accountants, and reveals its potential as a means of securing public trust in the accounting profession.
S. A. Skinner
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199273232
- eISBN:
- 9780191706394
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273232.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book challenges the conventional view of tractarianism as an episode in church history, and the assumption that tractarians had little interest in the social condition of England. It argues ...
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This book challenges the conventional view of tractarianism as an episode in church history, and the assumption that tractarians had little interest in the social condition of England. It argues that, by a natural application of their theory of the church's primacy over the state, first-generation tractarians in fact directed a vigorous commentary against the iniquities of commercialism, political economy and the new poor law, and the condition of the labouring poor. This conclusion is derived in part from conventional sources for tractarian thought, such as manuscript, homiletic, and pamphlet material. However, the book also makes systematic use of two neglected though rich polemical sources: the British Critic, a quarterly periodical for whose editorial control John Henry Newman successfully manoeuvred in the late 1830s, and the canon of social novels issued by some of tractarianism's prolific yet forgotten commentators, in particular William Gresley and Francis Edward Paget. The book complements recent scholarship which has refined understanding of the political and intellectual culture of 19th-century Britain by recovering religious and theological dimensions.Less
This book challenges the conventional view of tractarianism as an episode in church history, and the assumption that tractarians had little interest in the social condition of England. It argues that, by a natural application of their theory of the church's primacy over the state, first-generation tractarians in fact directed a vigorous commentary against the iniquities of commercialism, political economy and the new poor law, and the condition of the labouring poor. This conclusion is derived in part from conventional sources for tractarian thought, such as manuscript, homiletic, and pamphlet material. However, the book also makes systematic use of two neglected though rich polemical sources: the British Critic, a quarterly periodical for whose editorial control John Henry Newman successfully manoeuvred in the late 1830s, and the canon of social novels issued by some of tractarianism's prolific yet forgotten commentators, in particular William Gresley and Francis Edward Paget. The book complements recent scholarship which has refined understanding of the political and intellectual culture of 19th-century Britain by recovering religious and theological dimensions.
Jeffrey Magee
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195090222
- eISBN:
- 9780199871469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195090222.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
The early Henderson band's work has held a problematic place in jazz history. The group performed a wide variety of material, and this led some jazz critics, notably Hugues Panassié, to conclude ...
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The early Henderson band's work has held a problematic place in jazz history. The group performed a wide variety of material, and this led some jazz critics, notably Hugues Panassié, to conclude derisively that Henderson was the “Paul Whiteman of the Race”. Panassié constructed an influential dichotomy that distinguished between “true” jazz — associated with black musicians, improvisation, lack of written arrangements, and independence from commercial pressures — and “false” jazz, typified by white players, written arrangements, and rampant commercialism. That simplistic dichotomy fails to explain the early Henderson band, whose success depended on savvy arrangements of popular songs and blues that deftly combined written music and improvisation. By examining the backgrounds of the sidemen Henderson led, the media that disseminated their music, the public venues where they played, and their repertory, a clearer picture emerges of Henderson's early work.Less
The early Henderson band's work has held a problematic place in jazz history. The group performed a wide variety of material, and this led some jazz critics, notably Hugues Panassié, to conclude derisively that Henderson was the “Paul Whiteman of the Race”. Panassié constructed an influential dichotomy that distinguished between “true” jazz — associated with black musicians, improvisation, lack of written arrangements, and independence from commercial pressures — and “false” jazz, typified by white players, written arrangements, and rampant commercialism. That simplistic dichotomy fails to explain the early Henderson band, whose success depended on savvy arrangements of popular songs and blues that deftly combined written music and improvisation. By examining the backgrounds of the sidemen Henderson led, the media that disseminated their music, the public venues where they played, and their repertory, a clearer picture emerges of Henderson's early work.
Viola Shafik
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774160653
- eISBN:
- 9781936190096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774160653.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Arab film making was only partly able to compete with “First World” cinema. It has remained greatly dependent on Western imports, technical know-how, evaluation, and partly even on Western financial ...
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Arab film making was only partly able to compete with “First World” cinema. It has remained greatly dependent on Western imports, technical know-how, evaluation, and partly even on Western financial support. The so-called Third-Worldist anti-colonial cinema did not succeed in resolving the contradiction between cultural promotion, political commitment, and rentability, and was soon eclipsed either by entirely mainstream-oriented cinema or by the rather anti-authoritarian, deconstructive, and stylistically innovative, yet regionally marginalized, cinéma d'auteur. Nonetheless, mainstream as well as individualist cinema was able to convey elements of native art and culture, and became actively involved in the creation of specific national or cultural identities. Although the medium became part of a mass-mediated culture and functioned as a means of mass entertainment, commercialism, the obligation to rentability, and competition with Western products did not result in a complete imitation of Western cinema, but initiated the reformation of the imported film language according to the needs of local audiences.Less
Arab film making was only partly able to compete with “First World” cinema. It has remained greatly dependent on Western imports, technical know-how, evaluation, and partly even on Western financial support. The so-called Third-Worldist anti-colonial cinema did not succeed in resolving the contradiction between cultural promotion, political commitment, and rentability, and was soon eclipsed either by entirely mainstream-oriented cinema or by the rather anti-authoritarian, deconstructive, and stylistically innovative, yet regionally marginalized, cinéma d'auteur. Nonetheless, mainstream as well as individualist cinema was able to convey elements of native art and culture, and became actively involved in the creation of specific national or cultural identities. Although the medium became part of a mass-mediated culture and functioned as a means of mass entertainment, commercialism, the obligation to rentability, and competition with Western products did not result in a complete imitation of Western cinema, but initiated the reformation of the imported film language according to the needs of local audiences.
Gary Cross
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195156669
- eISBN:
- 9780199868254
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156669.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Innocence may define the modern child, but it has done so with great ambiguity. One version of the innocent presumes virginal sanctity in the spontaneous child, the other, a vulnerable but malleable ...
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Innocence may define the modern child, but it has done so with great ambiguity. One version of the innocent presumes virginal sanctity in the spontaneous child, the other, a vulnerable but malleable creature on a course to maturity. All this has left modern parents rehearsing again and again the same frustrations as they endlessly shift between permissiveness in search of the self-actualizing youngster and control in an effort to mold the superchild. There is no simple solution to the dilemma, and any answer will require us to go beyond conventional child-rearing strategies to thinking about how adults use children to cope with their own contradictions. The commercialization of wonder was a product of aggressive marketing, revolutionary media, and an increasingly child-centered, child-indulgent family. Is there any alternative to the path from the cute to the cool? This depends on whether wonder can be separated from commercialism.Less
Innocence may define the modern child, but it has done so with great ambiguity. One version of the innocent presumes virginal sanctity in the spontaneous child, the other, a vulnerable but malleable creature on a course to maturity. All this has left modern parents rehearsing again and again the same frustrations as they endlessly shift between permissiveness in search of the self-actualizing youngster and control in an effort to mold the superchild. There is no simple solution to the dilemma, and any answer will require us to go beyond conventional child-rearing strategies to thinking about how adults use children to cope with their own contradictions. The commercialization of wonder was a product of aggressive marketing, revolutionary media, and an increasingly child-centered, child-indulgent family. Is there any alternative to the path from the cute to the cool? This depends on whether wonder can be separated from commercialism.
S. A. Skinner
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199273232
- eISBN:
- 9780191706394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273232.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book makes systematic use of two neglected, though rich, sources for tractarian thought. The first is the British Critic, a quarterly periodical rapidly established by John Henry Newman as the ...
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This book makes systematic use of two neglected, though rich, sources for tractarian thought. The first is the British Critic, a quarterly periodical rapidly established by John Henry Newman as the movement's house magazine. The general neglect of the Critic is the more remarkable given that it was commandeered and edited by Newman at a time when first-generation tractarianism was at its most radical and ebullient. Where the periodical material often elaborated the theoretical framework for a social criticism, the second source — tractarian fiction — aimed at its practical application. This fiction came in the form of ‘social’ or ‘condition of England’ novels written by William Gresley and Francis Edward Paget, whose colourful and polemically charged tales afford superabundant illustration of those social attitudes that are anatomised later in the book. The social novels relentlessly emphasise the duties as well as rights bestowed by property, and pronounce on the broadest conceivable range of contemporary issues, from commercialism and industrialism, to political economy and the new poor law, the working conditions of the urban and rural poor, and the dangers of socialism and Chartism.Less
This book makes systematic use of two neglected, though rich, sources for tractarian thought. The first is the British Critic, a quarterly periodical rapidly established by John Henry Newman as the movement's house magazine. The general neglect of the Critic is the more remarkable given that it was commandeered and edited by Newman at a time when first-generation tractarianism was at its most radical and ebullient. Where the periodical material often elaborated the theoretical framework for a social criticism, the second source — tractarian fiction — aimed at its practical application. This fiction came in the form of ‘social’ or ‘condition of England’ novels written by William Gresley and Francis Edward Paget, whose colourful and polemically charged tales afford superabundant illustration of those social attitudes that are anatomised later in the book. The social novels relentlessly emphasise the duties as well as rights bestowed by property, and pronounce on the broadest conceivable range of contemporary issues, from commercialism and industrialism, to political economy and the new poor law, the working conditions of the urban and rural poor, and the dangers of socialism and Chartism.
S. A. Skinner
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199273232
- eISBN:
- 9780191706394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273232.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter looks at tractarian criticism of the commercial spirit — ‘the worship of Mammon’ — and of the industrialism and economic individualism that threatened paternal social structures in ...
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This chapter looks at tractarian criticism of the commercial spirit — ‘the worship of Mammon’ — and of the industrialism and economic individualism that threatened paternal social structures in Victorian England. As Christopher Dawson recognised at the outset of his celebrated essay The Spirit of the Oxford Movement in 1933, the anti-liberalism of the Oxford Movement is not a proof of its insensitiveness to the need for social reform. On the contrary, its hostility to liberalism was due, at least in part, to its dissatisfaction with a social system which seemed dedicated to the service of Mammon. The worship of mammon entailed individual and social evils. In the individual this was self-evident: it displaced the worship of God. Leading critics of commercialism during the period included John Henry Newman and Thomas Mozley. The chapter also discusses tractarians' medieval idealism as an obvious reflection of wider correspondences between tractarianism and romanticism.Less
This chapter looks at tractarian criticism of the commercial spirit — ‘the worship of Mammon’ — and of the industrialism and economic individualism that threatened paternal social structures in Victorian England. As Christopher Dawson recognised at the outset of his celebrated essay The Spirit of the Oxford Movement in 1933, the anti-liberalism of the Oxford Movement is not a proof of its insensitiveness to the need for social reform. On the contrary, its hostility to liberalism was due, at least in part, to its dissatisfaction with a social system which seemed dedicated to the service of Mammon. The worship of mammon entailed individual and social evils. In the individual this was self-evident: it displaced the worship of God. Leading critics of commercialism during the period included John Henry Newman and Thomas Mozley. The chapter also discusses tractarians' medieval idealism as an obvious reflection of wider correspondences between tractarianism and romanticism.
S. A. Skinner
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199273232
- eISBN:
- 9780191706394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273232.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book concludes that the social and political commentary which emerges from attention to tractarianists' neglected polemic, and to its customarily secondary figures, was an organic element of ...
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This book concludes that the social and political commentary which emerges from attention to tractarianists' neglected polemic, and to its customarily secondary figures, was an organic element of tractarianism. This commentary demonstrates the need for a reassessment of the historical conventions that tractarianism was not ‘a movement to concern itself in any serious way with questions of social justice’, and that ‘it was not until after 1845 that the Anglo-Catholic revival reached out to the poor’. Tractarians could not conceive questions of social justice discretely from questions of churchmanship. This holism derived from an aggressive conception of the church's ministry to secular society which held that its right of ‘meddling’ in temporal affairs was axiomatic. Tractarians delivered a damning indictment of the ‘condition of England’. Their literary and homiletic commentary addressed the evils of commercialism, the iniquity of political economy and the new poor law, and the suffering of the urban and rural working classes.Less
This book concludes that the social and political commentary which emerges from attention to tractarianists' neglected polemic, and to its customarily secondary figures, was an organic element of tractarianism. This commentary demonstrates the need for a reassessment of the historical conventions that tractarianism was not ‘a movement to concern itself in any serious way with questions of social justice’, and that ‘it was not until after 1845 that the Anglo-Catholic revival reached out to the poor’. Tractarians could not conceive questions of social justice discretely from questions of churchmanship. This holism derived from an aggressive conception of the church's ministry to secular society which held that its right of ‘meddling’ in temporal affairs was axiomatic. Tractarians delivered a damning indictment of the ‘condition of England’. Their literary and homiletic commentary addressed the evils of commercialism, the iniquity of political economy and the new poor law, and the suffering of the urban and rural working classes.
Hugh B. Urban
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195139020
- eISBN:
- 9780199834778
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019513902X.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Discusses the more problematic aspects of Kartābhajā secrecy as a potential strategy of elitism and economic exploitation. The central ambivalence over religion and economics at the very heart of the ...
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Discusses the more problematic aspects of Kartābhajā secrecy as a potential strategy of elitism and economic exploitation. The central ambivalence over religion and economics at the very heart of the Kartābhajā sect tradition – its simultaneously liberating and exploitative character – is nowhere more apparent than in the infamous festival (melā) held each spring in Ghoshpara. As the most public and popular side of this tradition – what might be called the exoteric side of an esoteric tradition – the melā was widely discussed throughout nineteenth‐century Bengal, and was notorious both because of the unusual degree of freedom from ordinary social constraints that it allowed and because of the seeming crass commercialism and vulgar profiteering that went on among its organizers. As an alternative social space, the melā is a temporary event in which normal social boundaries and religious laws do not apply, a time when those who normally have little symbolic capital can suddenly rise to new status and social power, and normal social relations are turned topsy‐turvy; at the same time, the melā also has a very pronounced economic dimension, and the primary beneficiaries are not the poor lower classes but, rather the Kartās (boss or head men) and Mahāśays (regional gurus). It is noted finally that the Kartābhajā tradition also opens up a number of illuminating insights into the heterogeneous world of colonial Bengal, and perhaps into some broader questions of colonial studies as a whole.Less
Discusses the more problematic aspects of Kartābhajā secrecy as a potential strategy of elitism and economic exploitation. The central ambivalence over religion and economics at the very heart of the Kartābhajā sect tradition – its simultaneously liberating and exploitative character – is nowhere more apparent than in the infamous festival (melā) held each spring in Ghoshpara. As the most public and popular side of this tradition – what might be called the exoteric side of an esoteric tradition – the melā was widely discussed throughout nineteenth‐century Bengal, and was notorious both because of the unusual degree of freedom from ordinary social constraints that it allowed and because of the seeming crass commercialism and vulgar profiteering that went on among its organizers. As an alternative social space, the melā is a temporary event in which normal social boundaries and religious laws do not apply, a time when those who normally have little symbolic capital can suddenly rise to new status and social power, and normal social relations are turned topsy‐turvy; at the same time, the melā also has a very pronounced economic dimension, and the primary beneficiaries are not the poor lower classes but, rather the Kartās (boss or head men) and Mahāśays (regional gurus). It is noted finally that the Kartābhajā tradition also opens up a number of illuminating insights into the heterogeneous world of colonial Bengal, and perhaps into some broader questions of colonial studies as a whole.
Charles Dorn
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780801452345
- eISBN:
- 9781501712616
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452345.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
Are colleges and universities in a period of unprecedented disruption? Is a bachelor's degree still worth the investment? What, exactly, is higher education good for? This book challenges the ...
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Are colleges and universities in a period of unprecedented disruption? Is a bachelor's degree still worth the investment? What, exactly, is higher education good for? This book challenges the rhetoric of America's so-called crisis in higher education by investigating two centuries of college and university history. From the community college to the elite research university—in states from California to Maine—the book engages a fundamental question confronted by higher education institutions ever since the nation's founding: Do colleges and universities contribute to the common good? Tracking changes in the prevailing social ethos between the late eighteenth and early twenty-first centuries, the book illustrates the ways in which civic-mindedness, practicality, commercialism, and affluence influenced higher education's dedication to the public good. Each ethos, long a part of American history and tradition, came to predominate over the others during one of the four chronological periods examined in the book, informing the character of institutional debates and telling the definitive story of its time. The book demonstrates how two hundred years of political, economic, and social change prompted transformation among colleges and universities—including the establishment of entirely new kinds of institutions—and refashioned higher education in the United States over time in essential and often vibrant ways.Less
Are colleges and universities in a period of unprecedented disruption? Is a bachelor's degree still worth the investment? What, exactly, is higher education good for? This book challenges the rhetoric of America's so-called crisis in higher education by investigating two centuries of college and university history. From the community college to the elite research university—in states from California to Maine—the book engages a fundamental question confronted by higher education institutions ever since the nation's founding: Do colleges and universities contribute to the common good? Tracking changes in the prevailing social ethos between the late eighteenth and early twenty-first centuries, the book illustrates the ways in which civic-mindedness, practicality, commercialism, and affluence influenced higher education's dedication to the public good. Each ethos, long a part of American history and tradition, came to predominate over the others during one of the four chronological periods examined in the book, informing the character of institutional debates and telling the definitive story of its time. The book demonstrates how two hundred years of political, economic, and social change prompted transformation among colleges and universities—including the establishment of entirely new kinds of institutions—and refashioned higher education in the United States over time in essential and often vibrant ways.
Juliet John
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199257928
- eISBN:
- 9780191594854
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257928.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This chapter differs from existing readings by explaining Dickens's change of heart about America in terms that go beyond the autobiographical, and in a way that sees his various quarrels with ...
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This chapter differs from existing readings by explaining Dickens's change of heart about America in terms that go beyond the autobiographical, and in a way that sees his various quarrels with America as having a common thread. To be specific, everything that Dickens loathed about America — the press, the lack of an international copyright agreement, his lack of privacy, and (as he perceived them) bad manners — forced him to confront the possible reality of a mass culture he had thought he desired. As a result, in American Notes, Dickens's cultural paternalism untypically overshadows rather than enables his populism; intellectuals are uncharacteristically seen as the potential saviours of society. Despite (or perhaps because of) the repression in the text of his own experience as a celebrity and the international copyright row, there is an obsession with a process of commodification that is seen as ubiquitous and a yearning for a culture that somehow transcends commercialism. Whereas, usually in Dickens's works, things can function as both material objects and commodities, in American Notes there is a sense that commodity culture has erased ‘thing culture’. The dystopian vision of a mass culture of the lowest common denominator that seemed to confront Dickens on his 1842 trip to the States had a lasting impact on Dickens's subsequent cultural theory and practice.Less
This chapter differs from existing readings by explaining Dickens's change of heart about America in terms that go beyond the autobiographical, and in a way that sees his various quarrels with America as having a common thread. To be specific, everything that Dickens loathed about America — the press, the lack of an international copyright agreement, his lack of privacy, and (as he perceived them) bad manners — forced him to confront the possible reality of a mass culture he had thought he desired. As a result, in American Notes, Dickens's cultural paternalism untypically overshadows rather than enables his populism; intellectuals are uncharacteristically seen as the potential saviours of society. Despite (or perhaps because of) the repression in the text of his own experience as a celebrity and the international copyright row, there is an obsession with a process of commodification that is seen as ubiquitous and a yearning for a culture that somehow transcends commercialism. Whereas, usually in Dickens's works, things can function as both material objects and commodities, in American Notes there is a sense that commodity culture has erased ‘thing culture’. The dystopian vision of a mass culture of the lowest common denominator that seemed to confront Dickens on his 1842 trip to the States had a lasting impact on Dickens's subsequent cultural theory and practice.
Eli M. Noam
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195188523
- eISBN:
- 9780199852574
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188523.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
A major debate has been unfolding in the United States and around the world over media concentration and its implications. This book is a study of the American mass media and information sector over ...
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A major debate has been unfolding in the United States and around the world over media concentration and its implications. This book is a study of the American mass media and information sector over two decades—its change, its dynamics, and its concentration and ownership trends. First, it discusses the dynamics of industries or industry clusters and provides a methodology. It then provides market share data analysis and narration for each industry; calculates national, local, vertical, and ownership concentration trends; and aggregates the data into increasingly larger segments and sectors. It provides an explanatory model for long-term concentration trends and a new index for measuring local media concentration. This chapter provides the setting for the book: its aim; the history of media concentration issues in America; today's debate and its combatants; goals and fears (localism, commercialism, quality, diversity, social reform); past research; and the international dimension.Less
A major debate has been unfolding in the United States and around the world over media concentration and its implications. This book is a study of the American mass media and information sector over two decades—its change, its dynamics, and its concentration and ownership trends. First, it discusses the dynamics of industries or industry clusters and provides a methodology. It then provides market share data analysis and narration for each industry; calculates national, local, vertical, and ownership concentration trends; and aggregates the data into increasingly larger segments and sectors. It provides an explanatory model for long-term concentration trends and a new index for measuring local media concentration. This chapter provides the setting for the book: its aim; the history of media concentration issues in America; today's debate and its combatants; goals and fears (localism, commercialism, quality, diversity, social reform); past research; and the international dimension.
Richard Holt
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192852298
- eISBN:
- 9780191670541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192852298.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Social History
This chapter examines the development of professional sports and the emergence of sports commercialism and violence in Great Britain. The mass media has played a significant role in the growth of ...
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This chapter examines the development of professional sports and the emergence of sports commercialism and violence in Great Britain. The mass media has played a significant role in the growth of professional sports, and since the advent of television sports reporting, this has changed greatly. Despite this, sport has not yet become a uniform international component of mass culture. This chapter also analyses hooliganism, particularly in football, and suggests that sports are more than a leisure product to be consumed in the same way as a film or a magazine.Less
This chapter examines the development of professional sports and the emergence of sports commercialism and violence in Great Britain. The mass media has played a significant role in the growth of professional sports, and since the advent of television sports reporting, this has changed greatly. Despite this, sport has not yet become a uniform international component of mass culture. This chapter also analyses hooliganism, particularly in football, and suggests that sports are more than a leisure product to be consumed in the same way as a film or a magazine.
Eric J. Cassell
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195156164
- eISBN:
- 9780199999880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156164.003.0002
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses the changing concept of the ideal physician. It begins by presenting four points in relation to the changes in the character of physicianship, before moving on to discussing ...
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This chapter discusses the changing concept of the ideal physician. It begins by presenting four points in relation to the changes in the character of physicianship, before moving on to discussing the effects of science on the ideal of the doctor, the impact of technology as distinct from science, and the changes in the doctor–patient relationship. The chapter also looks at the increasing interest in medical ethics and the concept of commercialism.Less
This chapter discusses the changing concept of the ideal physician. It begins by presenting four points in relation to the changes in the character of physicianship, before moving on to discussing the effects of science on the ideal of the doctor, the impact of technology as distinct from science, and the changes in the doctor–patient relationship. The chapter also looks at the increasing interest in medical ethics and the concept of commercialism.
Martin Brückner
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469632605
- eISBN:
- 9781469632612
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632605.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This book examines the rise of maps as a best-selling media platform wielding unprecedented cultural influence in America between 1750 and 1860. During this period, maps became affordable for first ...
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This book examines the rise of maps as a best-selling media platform wielding unprecedented cultural influence in America between 1750 and 1860. During this period, maps became affordable for first time to ordinary men and women looking to understand their place in the world; maps quickly entered American schools where they shaped reading and other cognitive exercises; giant wall maps became public spectacles; and miniature maps became expressive of personal journeys. The book argues that by the same token maps were tools of geographic information or imperial political power, their very materiality rendered them into uniquely sociable objects whose visual and material expressions affected commercial practices and graphic arts, ritual performances and the communication of emotions, even facilitating postwar reconciliation. Richly illustrated and the first comprehensive history to document everyday map encounters in early America, this book provides new perspectives on American print culture and commodity circulation. Exploring the relationship between geography and the decorative arts, literacy and visual education, spatial cognition and social organization, the book reveals how a map-oriented ontology became injected into a broad range of cultural compositions that shaped the lives of the American people.Less
This book examines the rise of maps as a best-selling media platform wielding unprecedented cultural influence in America between 1750 and 1860. During this period, maps became affordable for first time to ordinary men and women looking to understand their place in the world; maps quickly entered American schools where they shaped reading and other cognitive exercises; giant wall maps became public spectacles; and miniature maps became expressive of personal journeys. The book argues that by the same token maps were tools of geographic information or imperial political power, their very materiality rendered them into uniquely sociable objects whose visual and material expressions affected commercial practices and graphic arts, ritual performances and the communication of emotions, even facilitating postwar reconciliation. Richly illustrated and the first comprehensive history to document everyday map encounters in early America, this book provides new perspectives on American print culture and commodity circulation. Exploring the relationship between geography and the decorative arts, literacy and visual education, spatial cognition and social organization, the book reveals how a map-oriented ontology became injected into a broad range of cultural compositions that shaped the lives of the American people.
Tait Keller
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625034
- eISBN:
- 9781469625058
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625034.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Chapter three moves the narrative forward to the early twentieth century when fears about mountaineering’s environmental impact revealed the inherent conflicts of nature tourism. Two divergent trends ...
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Chapter three moves the narrative forward to the early twentieth century when fears about mountaineering’s environmental impact revealed the inherent conflicts of nature tourism. Two divergent trends developed within climbing circles: Alpine populism and mountaineering elitism. Both animated emerging youth movements and nature conservation groups in Germany and Austria during the years before the First World War. Meanwhile, the growing popularity of downhill skiing and motorcars commercialized the Alps and threatened traditional mountaineering norms. Mathias Zdarsky popularized downhill skiing when he published his training manual in 1896. When the Wendelsteinbahn opened in 1912, the first cogwheel train in the Eastern Alps, even more people swarmed the mountains. Some believed that the only way for climbers to secure the future was through youth education and nature preservation, while they emphasized the importance of the Alps to the strengthening of Germans and Austrians, the Volk. These developments were not innocuous.Less
Chapter three moves the narrative forward to the early twentieth century when fears about mountaineering’s environmental impact revealed the inherent conflicts of nature tourism. Two divergent trends developed within climbing circles: Alpine populism and mountaineering elitism. Both animated emerging youth movements and nature conservation groups in Germany and Austria during the years before the First World War. Meanwhile, the growing popularity of downhill skiing and motorcars commercialized the Alps and threatened traditional mountaineering norms. Mathias Zdarsky popularized downhill skiing when he published his training manual in 1896. When the Wendelsteinbahn opened in 1912, the first cogwheel train in the Eastern Alps, even more people swarmed the mountains. Some believed that the only way for climbers to secure the future was through youth education and nature preservation, while they emphasized the importance of the Alps to the strengthening of Germans and Austrians, the Volk. These developments were not innocuous.
Chiou-Ling Yeh
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520253506
- eISBN:
- 9780520942431
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520253506.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
With the rise of the Pacific Rim economy, the restructuring of global economies, the image of wealthy immigrants, and the prevailing model minority narrative, Chinese Americans became “dream ...
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With the rise of the Pacific Rim economy, the restructuring of global economies, the image of wealthy immigrants, and the prevailing model minority narrative, Chinese Americans became “dream customers” for multinational corporations. They were also perceived as cultural brokers to expedite trade across the Pacific. Major corporations began to sponsor the festival in 1987, while television stations started annual broadcasts of the parade in 1988. This chapter explores how commercialism and the mass media entered the terrain of ethnic-identity formation. By evoking exoticism and the model minority image in the English-language parade broadcasts, parade organizers successfully attracted corporate sponsorship and incorporated the Chinese New Year Festival into contemporary multicultural America. However, the counter-memory presented in the Chinese-language television broadcasts of the parade rebuffed the idea of a unified Chinese American ethnicity, instead revealing a heterogeneous community divided by geographic and linguistic barriers.Less
With the rise of the Pacific Rim economy, the restructuring of global economies, the image of wealthy immigrants, and the prevailing model minority narrative, Chinese Americans became “dream customers” for multinational corporations. They were also perceived as cultural brokers to expedite trade across the Pacific. Major corporations began to sponsor the festival in 1987, while television stations started annual broadcasts of the parade in 1988. This chapter explores how commercialism and the mass media entered the terrain of ethnic-identity formation. By evoking exoticism and the model minority image in the English-language parade broadcasts, parade organizers successfully attracted corporate sponsorship and incorporated the Chinese New Year Festival into contemporary multicultural America. However, the counter-memory presented in the Chinese-language television broadcasts of the parade rebuffed the idea of a unified Chinese American ethnicity, instead revealing a heterogeneous community divided by geographic and linguistic barriers.
Catherine Cocks
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520227460
- eISBN:
- 9780520926493
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520227460.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explains that most Americans wealthy enough to travel for pleasure in the mid-nineteenth century stayed only at the best city hotels, for lodging at a “first-class” hostelry was “a ...
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This chapter explains that most Americans wealthy enough to travel for pleasure in the mid-nineteenth century stayed only at the best city hotels, for lodging at a “first-class” hostelry was “a strong presumption of social availability.” Where the traveler “stopped” while in the city signaled his or her social status to the local elite, many of whom resided semipermanently at such fine hotels. First-class city hotels undermined the sociospatial ideal that joined refinement and republicanism by providing the former for a fee. As their urbanity and commercialism became more apparent, their claim to contain a microcosm of the republic dissolved. Hotels created physical and social spaces not just open to transients but dedicated to them, and increasingly distinct from the spaces that locals used.Less
This chapter explains that most Americans wealthy enough to travel for pleasure in the mid-nineteenth century stayed only at the best city hotels, for lodging at a “first-class” hostelry was “a strong presumption of social availability.” Where the traveler “stopped” while in the city signaled his or her social status to the local elite, many of whom resided semipermanently at such fine hotels. First-class city hotels undermined the sociospatial ideal that joined refinement and republicanism by providing the former for a fee. As their urbanity and commercialism became more apparent, their claim to contain a microcosm of the republic dissolved. Hotels created physical and social spaces not just open to transients but dedicated to them, and increasingly distinct from the spaces that locals used.
Catherine Cocks
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520227460
- eISBN:
- 9780520926493
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520227460.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses the startling juxtaposition of an American city, less than one hundred years old and notorious for its vulgar commercialism, to two of the great capitals of Europe, which ...
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This chapter discusses the startling juxtaposition of an American city, less than one hundred years old and notorious for its vulgar commercialism, to two of the great capitals of Europe, which marked an important change. When entering the nation's cities, well-to-do Americans necessarily confronted the tensions among their republican principles, their refined ideals, and the vigorous expansion of a market economy. Organized businessmen believed that their campaigns for city beautification and tourism would inspire civic spirit and social unity. The Chicago Association of Commerce published its guidebook “for the dual purpose of properly guiding and assisting in the entertainment of visitors to Chicago and to instruct Chicagoans themselves in subjects of civic interest.” Such knowledge would encourage a proper appreciation of the city was well as enable the locals to help tourists find and interpret the sights.Less
This chapter discusses the startling juxtaposition of an American city, less than one hundred years old and notorious for its vulgar commercialism, to two of the great capitals of Europe, which marked an important change. When entering the nation's cities, well-to-do Americans necessarily confronted the tensions among their republican principles, their refined ideals, and the vigorous expansion of a market economy. Organized businessmen believed that their campaigns for city beautification and tourism would inspire civic spirit and social unity. The Chicago Association of Commerce published its guidebook “for the dual purpose of properly guiding and assisting in the entertainment of visitors to Chicago and to instruct Chicagoans themselves in subjects of civic interest.” Such knowledge would encourage a proper appreciation of the city was well as enable the locals to help tourists find and interpret the sights.
Lisa Odham Stokes
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099708
- eISBN:
- 9789882207257
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099708.003.0004
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Grounded mainly on the historic aspects of Mainland ties and the country's colonial and post-colonial relations between Britain, Hong Kong cinema during the period between the 1980s and the 1990s was ...
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Grounded mainly on the historic aspects of Mainland ties and the country's colonial and post-colonial relations between Britain, Hong Kong cinema during the period between the 1980s and the 1990s was characterized as “crisis cinema” since it gave way for the rise of new patterns of time and space, language, place and identity, and even meaning. Filmmakers recognized the return of Hong Kong to the mainland as text and subtext, and Hong Kong people were found to participate more actively in terms of politics after the 1989 crackdown on Tiananmen Square. Chan's gender bending can be perceived in the light of illiberal Mainland laws as well as commercialism within the Mainland's slowly changing economy. This chapter emphasizes how the film entails globalization and explains some economic aspects of the country's film industry.Less
Grounded mainly on the historic aspects of Mainland ties and the country's colonial and post-colonial relations between Britain, Hong Kong cinema during the period between the 1980s and the 1990s was characterized as “crisis cinema” since it gave way for the rise of new patterns of time and space, language, place and identity, and even meaning. Filmmakers recognized the return of Hong Kong to the mainland as text and subtext, and Hong Kong people were found to participate more actively in terms of politics after the 1989 crackdown on Tiananmen Square. Chan's gender bending can be perceived in the light of illiberal Mainland laws as well as commercialism within the Mainland's slowly changing economy. This chapter emphasizes how the film entails globalization and explains some economic aspects of the country's film industry.
