Bernard A. Knapp
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199237371
- eISBN:
- 9780191717208
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199237371.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter returns to the main themes of the book — insularity, connectivity, and social identity — and recapitulates from those perspectives the material, social, and cultural developments and ...
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This chapter returns to the main themes of the book — insularity, connectivity, and social identity — and recapitulates from those perspectives the material, social, and cultural developments and changes that characterize the Prehistoric and Protohistoric Bronze Ages, and the Early Iron Age of Cyprus. Notions of dominant migrants or colonists, whether from Anatolia in the PreBA or the Aegean in the ProBA, are dismissed. It is argued that if we uncouple people in movement from a fixed (or absolute) sense of place, we will gain a different understanding of the spatial attachments and new modes of communication involved in the meetings and mixings of diverse socio-cultural groups. Detailed consideration of various objects and materials throughout this book has revealed both a mixture and an ambivalence, a visible manifestation of difference that was neutralized as the result of interactive, hybridization practices allowing both migrants and native Cypriotes not only to reconceptualize their material culture but to renegotiate their identities.Less
This chapter returns to the main themes of the book — insularity, connectivity, and social identity — and recapitulates from those perspectives the material, social, and cultural developments and changes that characterize the Prehistoric and Protohistoric Bronze Ages, and the Early Iron Age of Cyprus. Notions of dominant migrants or colonists, whether from Anatolia in the PreBA or the Aegean in the ProBA, are dismissed. It is argued that if we uncouple people in movement from a fixed (or absolute) sense of place, we will gain a different understanding of the spatial attachments and new modes of communication involved in the meetings and mixings of diverse socio-cultural groups. Detailed consideration of various objects and materials throughout this book has revealed both a mixture and an ambivalence, a visible manifestation of difference that was neutralized as the result of interactive, hybridization practices allowing both migrants and native Cypriotes not only to reconceptualize their material culture but to renegotiate their identities.
Andrew Lipman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300207668
- eISBN:
- 9780300216691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207668.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter describes early encounters between the Natives, English, and Dutch. In the initial days of colonization coastal traders were far more responsible for forging relationships with Native ...
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This chapter describes early encounters between the Natives, English, and Dutch. In the initial days of colonization coastal traders were far more responsible for forging relationships with Native peoples than the seasick families and preachers who sometimes tagged along with them. A distinction also formed between how Natives dealt with the Dutch and how they dealt with the English. Among the independent, atomized Munsee-speaking peoples of the west side of the shore, Indians and Dutch alike would find each other to be brusque and commercially minded. Meanwhile, Indian leaders from the composite, larger powers to the east would gradually come to see English intruders as valuable and potent partners. And though the colonists were still too timid to stray far from their vessels, Dutch and English leaders each claimed they had the right to rule the region's lands and seas. But they differed greatly in their methods, as each empire experimented with a distinct mixture of ideological justifications, blanket decrees, and symbolic gestures to assert its claim.Less
This chapter describes early encounters between the Natives, English, and Dutch. In the initial days of colonization coastal traders were far more responsible for forging relationships with Native peoples than the seasick families and preachers who sometimes tagged along with them. A distinction also formed between how Natives dealt with the Dutch and how they dealt with the English. Among the independent, atomized Munsee-speaking peoples of the west side of the shore, Indians and Dutch alike would find each other to be brusque and commercially minded. Meanwhile, Indian leaders from the composite, larger powers to the east would gradually come to see English intruders as valuable and potent partners. And though the colonists were still too timid to stray far from their vessels, Dutch and English leaders each claimed they had the right to rule the region's lands and seas. But they differed greatly in their methods, as each empire experimented with a distinct mixture of ideological justifications, blanket decrees, and symbolic gestures to assert its claim.
S. B. BUYSKIKH
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264041
- eISBN:
- 9780191734311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264041.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
The region of the lower Bug is a special place among the areas of Greek settlement on the north coast of the Black Sea. In the seventh century BC, this region expanded and was integrated into the ...
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The region of the lower Bug is a special place among the areas of Greek settlement on the north coast of the Black Sea. In the seventh century BC, this region expanded and was integrated into the sphere of Greek culture. The lower Bug of Olbia posited a significant mark in the history of the whole Pontic basin. This chapter does not present a review of the extensive literatures on Greek-native contacts on the north coast of the Black Sea, rather it discusses the issue of Greek-native relationships during the settlement period, specifically in the establishment of the Olbian state. It aims to refute Solovyov' observations and interpretations of the ancient Olbia and Greek civilization in this region wherein he contended that the dug-out dwellings and the potteries of the Olbian region were predominantly the result of native ingenuity. In this chapter, the text looks to evidence by focusing on only two kinds of material, namely dwelling-types and potteries. Such studies that were limited to such artefacts lead to a skewed, partial, and unsupported account which caused misleading accounts and depictions of the nature of Greek and Non-Greek relationships on the ancient lower Bug and on the period where contacts between Greek colonists and barbarians were dominant.Less
The region of the lower Bug is a special place among the areas of Greek settlement on the north coast of the Black Sea. In the seventh century BC, this region expanded and was integrated into the sphere of Greek culture. The lower Bug of Olbia posited a significant mark in the history of the whole Pontic basin. This chapter does not present a review of the extensive literatures on Greek-native contacts on the north coast of the Black Sea, rather it discusses the issue of Greek-native relationships during the settlement period, specifically in the establishment of the Olbian state. It aims to refute Solovyov' observations and interpretations of the ancient Olbia and Greek civilization in this region wherein he contended that the dug-out dwellings and the potteries of the Olbian region were predominantly the result of native ingenuity. In this chapter, the text looks to evidence by focusing on only two kinds of material, namely dwelling-types and potteries. Such studies that were limited to such artefacts lead to a skewed, partial, and unsupported account which caused misleading accounts and depictions of the nature of Greek and Non-Greek relationships on the ancient lower Bug and on the period where contacts between Greek colonists and barbarians were dominant.
Michael Dietler
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520265516
- eISBN:
- 9780520947948
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520265516.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This book presents a theoretically informed, up-to-date study of interactions between indigenous peoples of Mediterranean France and Etruscan, Greek and Roman colonists during the first millennium ...
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This book presents a theoretically informed, up-to-date study of interactions between indigenous peoples of Mediterranean France and Etruscan, Greek and Roman colonists during the first millennium B.C. Analyzing archaeological data and ancient texts, the book explores these colonial encounters over six centuries, focusing on material culture, urban landscapes, economic practices, and forms of violence. It shows how selective consumption linked native societies and colonists and created transformative relationships for each. It also examines the role these ancient encounters played in the formation of modern European identity, and colonial ideology and practices, enumerating the problems for archaeologists attempting to re-examine these past societies.Less
This book presents a theoretically informed, up-to-date study of interactions between indigenous peoples of Mediterranean France and Etruscan, Greek and Roman colonists during the first millennium B.C. Analyzing archaeological data and ancient texts, the book explores these colonial encounters over six centuries, focusing on material culture, urban landscapes, economic practices, and forms of violence. It shows how selective consumption linked native societies and colonists and created transformative relationships for each. It also examines the role these ancient encounters played in the formation of modern European identity, and colonial ideology and practices, enumerating the problems for archaeologists attempting to re-examine these past societies.
Ann Fairfax Withington
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195068351
- eISBN:
- 9780199853984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195068351.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines the political stance which drove the colonists to reform the customs of funerals and frugality. In 1764 and 1765, the British Parliament passed new legislation taxing American ...
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This chapter examines the political stance which drove the colonists to reform the customs of funerals and frugality. In 1764 and 1765, the British Parliament passed new legislation taxing American colonists. These taxations were the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act. The Sugar Act imposed taxes on import good from Britain while the Stamp Act levied taxes on unambiguous items, where the sole purpose was to impose a tax. Deemed unconstitutional, the legislation of the Sugar Act was met with a visible and non-violent resistance through the measures of industry and frugality. The former entailed the formation of manufacturers while the latter measure bordered on the virtue of frugality where export goods were seen as luxuries and vices. To further their stand against the two Acts, the New Englanders included changes in funeral regulations in their frugality program. These were related to decorum of dress where they perceived superfluities, replaced expensive suits with tokens and tied black ribbons in place of dressing in black. They also added another regulation regarding the custom of glove giving, which was seen as being based on the status quo, gloves to be given away were metaphors for the products of the colonies. All of these are steps were taken to cut back textile imports from Britain. In addition to putting up a stand against the Sugar and Stamp Acts, these acts of frugality exemplified in the funerals of colonists were proofs of political purity and they were used as a means to recruit new members for a cumulative cause. Funeral reforms served as a form of political strategy for resistance to political oppression.Less
This chapter examines the political stance which drove the colonists to reform the customs of funerals and frugality. In 1764 and 1765, the British Parliament passed new legislation taxing American colonists. These taxations were the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act. The Sugar Act imposed taxes on import good from Britain while the Stamp Act levied taxes on unambiguous items, where the sole purpose was to impose a tax. Deemed unconstitutional, the legislation of the Sugar Act was met with a visible and non-violent resistance through the measures of industry and frugality. The former entailed the formation of manufacturers while the latter measure bordered on the virtue of frugality where export goods were seen as luxuries and vices. To further their stand against the two Acts, the New Englanders included changes in funeral regulations in their frugality program. These were related to decorum of dress where they perceived superfluities, replaced expensive suits with tokens and tied black ribbons in place of dressing in black. They also added another regulation regarding the custom of glove giving, which was seen as being based on the status quo, gloves to be given away were metaphors for the products of the colonies. All of these are steps were taken to cut back textile imports from Britain. In addition to putting up a stand against the Sugar and Stamp Acts, these acts of frugality exemplified in the funerals of colonists were proofs of political purity and they were used as a means to recruit new members for a cumulative cause. Funeral reforms served as a form of political strategy for resistance to political oppression.
Daniel Murphree
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195149180
- eISBN:
- 9780199835386
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195149181.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter evaluates the process by which Spanish missionaries racialized Native Americans in the colonial Floridas between 1566 and 1763. During this period, Europeans involved in Christianizing ...
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This chapter evaluates the process by which Spanish missionaries racialized Native Americans in the colonial Floridas between 1566 and 1763. During this period, Europeans involved in Christianizing natives expanded an idiom of description initiated by earlier Spanish explorers in reaction to ongoing failures relating to conquest and settlement. Missionaries and other colonists used these descriptions to fashion a unique European Floridian identity in the region premised on distinction from indigenous peoples. The related processes of racialization and identity formation influenced intercultural relationships in the region into the modern era.Less
This chapter evaluates the process by which Spanish missionaries racialized Native Americans in the colonial Floridas between 1566 and 1763. During this period, Europeans involved in Christianizing natives expanded an idiom of description initiated by earlier Spanish explorers in reaction to ongoing failures relating to conquest and settlement. Missionaries and other colonists used these descriptions to fashion a unique European Floridian identity in the region premised on distinction from indigenous peoples. The related processes of racialization and identity formation influenced intercultural relationships in the region into the modern era.
Ellen D. Wu
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157825
- eISBN:
- 9781400848874
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157825.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter deals with the concept of Hawaiʻi as a racial paradise. In the 1920s and 1930s, intellectuals began to tout the islands' ethnically diverse composition—including the indigenous ...
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This chapter deals with the concept of Hawaiʻi as a racial paradise. In the 1920s and 1930s, intellectuals began to tout the islands' ethnically diverse composition—including the indigenous population, white settler colonists, and imported labor from Asia and other locales—as a Pacific melting pot free of the mainland's social taboos on intermingling. After World War II, the association of Hawaiʻi with racial harmony and tolerance received unprecedented national attention as Americans heatedly debated the question of whether or not the territory, annexed to the United States in 1898, should become a state. Statehood enthusiasts tagged the islands' majority Asian population, with its demonstrated capability of assimilation, as a forceful rationale for admission.Less
This chapter deals with the concept of Hawaiʻi as a racial paradise. In the 1920s and 1930s, intellectuals began to tout the islands' ethnically diverse composition—including the indigenous population, white settler colonists, and imported labor from Asia and other locales—as a Pacific melting pot free of the mainland's social taboos on intermingling. After World War II, the association of Hawaiʻi with racial harmony and tolerance received unprecedented national attention as Americans heatedly debated the question of whether or not the territory, annexed to the United States in 1898, should become a state. Statehood enthusiasts tagged the islands' majority Asian population, with its demonstrated capability of assimilation, as a forceful rationale for admission.
S. J. Connolly
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198208167
- eISBN:
- 9780191716546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208167.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Gaelic Ireland in the late middle ages was an archaic and economically impoverished, but not necessarily static, society. The area ruled under English law by the Dublin government — traditionally ...
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Gaelic Ireland in the late middle ages was an archaic and economically impoverished, but not necessarily static, society. The area ruled under English law by the Dublin government — traditionally seen as a shrunken east coast enclave (the ‘Pale’) — had in fact recovered from its mid-15th-century crisis. In outlying regions the descendants of the medieval colonists had adopted aspects of Gaelic culture, but this ‘gaelicization’ did not necessarily weaken their English political identity. The late medieval church reflected both the sharp ethnic divisions within the society and the scope for interaction across cultural boundaries. The close integration of religious and secular concerns was a source of strength rather than weakness, and the church was more pastorally effective than is often realized. The rise of the earls of Kildare as viceroys, effectively ruling Ireland in the king's name, is analysed.Less
Gaelic Ireland in the late middle ages was an archaic and economically impoverished, but not necessarily static, society. The area ruled under English law by the Dublin government — traditionally seen as a shrunken east coast enclave (the ‘Pale’) — had in fact recovered from its mid-15th-century crisis. In outlying regions the descendants of the medieval colonists had adopted aspects of Gaelic culture, but this ‘gaelicization’ did not necessarily weaken their English political identity. The late medieval church reflected both the sharp ethnic divisions within the society and the scope for interaction across cultural boundaries. The close integration of religious and secular concerns was a source of strength rather than weakness, and the church was more pastorally effective than is often realized. The rise of the earls of Kildare as viceroys, effectively ruling Ireland in the king's name, is analysed.
Andrew Lipman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300207668
- eISBN:
- 9780300216691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207668.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter takes a general look at the material world of the coast between the Hudson River and Cape Cod. An exploration of saltwater engagements of Europeans and Native mariners, both in early ...
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This chapter takes a general look at the material world of the coast between the Hudson River and Cape Cod. An exploration of saltwater engagements of Europeans and Native mariners, both in early contact and in the decades after, uncovers a surprising story about the overlap of maritime traditions. There were two groups of watermen in this corner of the ocean. Newcomers were more hirsute than locals and clad in linen and wool; locals fashioned their hair into elaborate scalplocks and wore tanned leather. Soon both types of men would become similarly skilled at trimming canvas sails and balancing canoes. Noting the asymmetries between ships and canoes leads to the most compelling fact about nautical encounters in this region. Even on the water, the realm where one might reasonably assume that the disparity between tools was the greatest, it would be a long time before colonizers had a clear advantage over the people they hoped to colonize.Less
This chapter takes a general look at the material world of the coast between the Hudson River and Cape Cod. An exploration of saltwater engagements of Europeans and Native mariners, both in early contact and in the decades after, uncovers a surprising story about the overlap of maritime traditions. There were two groups of watermen in this corner of the ocean. Newcomers were more hirsute than locals and clad in linen and wool; locals fashioned their hair into elaborate scalplocks and wore tanned leather. Soon both types of men would become similarly skilled at trimming canvas sails and balancing canoes. Noting the asymmetries between ships and canoes leads to the most compelling fact about nautical encounters in this region. Even on the water, the realm where one might reasonably assume that the disparity between tools was the greatest, it would be a long time before colonizers had a clear advantage over the people they hoped to colonize.
Andrew Lipman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300207668
- eISBN:
- 9780300216691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207668.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter details events from 1675 to 1750. These include the start of Plymouth's policing of its southern coast by late June 1675 to capture “any Indeans that may be found passing over” ...
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This chapter details events from 1675 to 1750. These include the start of Plymouth's policing of its southern coast by late June 1675 to capture “any Indeans that may be found passing over” Narragansett Bay or headed to the outlying glacial islands; King Philip's War and its connections to the sea; the imprisonment and enslavement of Native Americans at the hands of the English; how whaling shaped coastal Natives' postwar world; the role of colonists in the near extinction of whales; and efforts to bring Christianity to the Natives led by Native ministers, the most famous being the Mohegan Samson Occom.Less
This chapter details events from 1675 to 1750. These include the start of Plymouth's policing of its southern coast by late June 1675 to capture “any Indeans that may be found passing over” Narragansett Bay or headed to the outlying glacial islands; King Philip's War and its connections to the sea; the imprisonment and enslavement of Native Americans at the hands of the English; how whaling shaped coastal Natives' postwar world; the role of colonists in the near extinction of whales; and efforts to bring Christianity to the Natives led by Native ministers, the most famous being the Mohegan Samson Occom.
Andrew Lipman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300207668
- eISBN:
- 9780300216691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207668.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book covers territory that Americans might think they know all too well: the Northeast in the seventeenth century. By ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book covers territory that Americans might think they know all too well: the Northeast in the seventeenth century. By looking toward the sea rather than the land, it offers a new way of thinking about Indian history and a new way of understanding this all-too-familiar region. It presents a novel explanation of how the English came to dominate the region in part by emphasizing the intentions of Indians and Dutchmen. The book argues that neither group of colonists were solely responsible for their colonies' fates, as Native decisions and opinions were crucial at every stage of conquest. Viewing the overlap of two empires through a single frame uncovers curious similarities and differences between these abutting colonial projects. The meeting of indigenous and foreign seafaring traditions drove many physical changes along the shore, while rivalries between Native leaders and between the English and Dutch seaborne empires spurred its political realignments.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book covers territory that Americans might think they know all too well: the Northeast in the seventeenth century. By looking toward the sea rather than the land, it offers a new way of thinking about Indian history and a new way of understanding this all-too-familiar region. It presents a novel explanation of how the English came to dominate the region in part by emphasizing the intentions of Indians and Dutchmen. The book argues that neither group of colonists were solely responsible for their colonies' fates, as Native decisions and opinions were crucial at every stage of conquest. Viewing the overlap of two empires through a single frame uncovers curious similarities and differences between these abutting colonial projects. The meeting of indigenous and foreign seafaring traditions drove many physical changes along the shore, while rivalries between Native leaders and between the English and Dutch seaborne empires spurred its political realignments.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This study presents colonial American history as the story of three-way interactions among Indians, English colonists, and livestock. By situating domestic animals at the heart of the colonizing ...
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This study presents colonial American history as the story of three-way interactions among Indians, English colonists, and livestock. By situating domestic animals at the heart of the colonizing process in 17th-century New England and the Chesapeake region, the book restores contingency to a narrative too often dominated by human actors alone. Livestock were a central factor in the cultural clash between colonists and Indians as well as a driving force in expansion west. By bringing livestock across the Atlantic, colonists assumed that they provided the means to realize America's potential, a goal that Indians, lacking domestic animals, had failed to accomplish. They also assumed that Native Americans who learned to keep livestock would advance along the path toward civility and Christianity. But colonists failed to anticipate that their animals would generate friction with Indians as native peoples constantly encountered free-ranging livestock often trespassing in their cornfields. Moreover, concerned about feeding their growing populations and committed to a style of animal husbandry that required far more space than they had expected, colonists eventually saw no alternative but to displace Indians and appropriate their land. This created tensions that reached boiling point with King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion, and it established a pattern that would repeat time and again over the next two centuries.Less
This study presents colonial American history as the story of three-way interactions among Indians, English colonists, and livestock. By situating domestic animals at the heart of the colonizing process in 17th-century New England and the Chesapeake region, the book restores contingency to a narrative too often dominated by human actors alone. Livestock were a central factor in the cultural clash between colonists and Indians as well as a driving force in expansion west. By bringing livestock across the Atlantic, colonists assumed that they provided the means to realize America's potential, a goal that Indians, lacking domestic animals, had failed to accomplish. They also assumed that Native Americans who learned to keep livestock would advance along the path toward civility and Christianity. But colonists failed to anticipate that their animals would generate friction with Indians as native peoples constantly encountered free-ranging livestock often trespassing in their cornfields. Moreover, concerned about feeding their growing populations and committed to a style of animal husbandry that required far more space than they had expected, colonists eventually saw no alternative but to displace Indians and appropriate their land. This created tensions that reached boiling point with King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion, and it established a pattern that would repeat time and again over the next two centuries.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter explores English ideas about animals and explains how they differed from Indian views. For the most part, colonists subscribed to a view of animals that asserted human dominion and ...
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This chapter explores English ideas about animals and explains how they differed from Indian views. For the most part, colonists subscribed to a view of animals that asserted human dominion and denied non-human creatures any spiritual identity. That dominion could take the form of asserting property rights to living creatures. Colonists demonstrated this not only in their ownership of livestock, but also in their assumptions that New World creatures could be converted into property.Less
This chapter explores English ideas about animals and explains how they differed from Indian views. For the most part, colonists subscribed to a view of animals that asserted human dominion and denied non-human creatures any spiritual identity. That dominion could take the form of asserting property rights to living creatures. Colonists demonstrated this not only in their ownership of livestock, but also in their assumptions that New World creatures could be converted into property.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines why colonists assumed that English livestock and animal husbandry practices would easily transfer to the New World. They also presumed that by raising livestock on lands that ...
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This chapter examines why colonists assumed that English livestock and animal husbandry practices would easily transfer to the New World. They also presumed that by raising livestock on lands that Indians seemingly did not use, the English could justify their legal claim to the territory. Despite early difficulties, livestock populations eventually flourished.Less
This chapter examines why colonists assumed that English livestock and animal husbandry practices would easily transfer to the New World. They also presumed that by raising livestock on lands that Indians seemingly did not use, the English could justify their legal claim to the territory. Despite early difficulties, livestock populations eventually flourished.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter argues that labor shortages and the availability of land encouraged Chesapeake colonists to abandon English practices and adopt free-range livestock husbandry. Many animals, especially ...
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This chapter argues that labor shortages and the availability of land encouraged Chesapeake colonists to abandon English practices and adopt free-range livestock husbandry. Many animals, especially swine, strayed from plantations and feral populations resulted. These developments loosened the colonists' hold on their livestock, complicated claims to animal property, and compromised domestic animals' usefulness as symbols of English civility.Less
This chapter argues that labor shortages and the availability of land encouraged Chesapeake colonists to abandon English practices and adopt free-range livestock husbandry. Many animals, especially swine, strayed from plantations and feral populations resulted. These developments loosened the colonists' hold on their livestock, complicated claims to animal property, and compromised domestic animals' usefulness as symbols of English civility.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter explores livestock husbandry in New England, where colonists relied on their domestic animals for local use and sale, especially to the West Indies. Once again, colonists altered English ...
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This chapter explores livestock husbandry in New England, where colonists relied on their domestic animals for local use and sale, especially to the West Indies. Once again, colonists altered English husbandry practices by adopting free-range husbandry, bringing their animals home only during the winter months. The chapter argues that despite local regulations regarding supervision of livestock, the animals were not always fully under human control.Less
This chapter explores livestock husbandry in New England, where colonists relied on their domestic animals for local use and sale, especially to the West Indies. Once again, colonists altered English husbandry practices by adopting free-range husbandry, bringing their animals home only during the winter months. The chapter argues that despite local regulations regarding supervision of livestock, the animals were not always fully under human control.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter argues that trespassing livestock were a major cause of friction between Indians and English colonists. Even so, Native Americans and colonists found ways to cooperate with one another ...
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This chapter argues that trespassing livestock were a major cause of friction between Indians and English colonists. Even so, Native Americans and colonists found ways to cooperate with one another to resolve problems that animals caused. As a result of their efforts, the middle decades of the 17th century were characterized as much by cooperation as confrontation.Less
This chapter argues that trespassing livestock were a major cause of friction between Indians and English colonists. Even so, Native Americans and colonists found ways to cooperate with one another to resolve problems that animals caused. As a result of their efforts, the middle decades of the 17th century were characterized as much by cooperation as confrontation.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines how towards the end of the 17th century, efforts on the part of Indians and colonists to resolve problems caused by livestock gave way to conflict. It argues that the colonists' ...
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This chapter examines how towards the end of the 17th century, efforts on the part of Indians and colonists to resolve problems caused by livestock gave way to conflict. It argues that the colonists' growing populations and burgeoning herds placed great pressure on Native Americans and led to appropriations of Indian land. At the same time, Indians frustrated by the colonists' inability to control their animals sought revenge by killing livestock. Tensions over livestock contributed to King Philip's War in New England and Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia.Less
This chapter examines how towards the end of the 17th century, efforts on the part of Indians and colonists to resolve problems caused by livestock gave way to conflict. It argues that the colonists' growing populations and burgeoning herds placed great pressure on Native Americans and led to appropriations of Indian land. At the same time, Indians frustrated by the colonists' inability to control their animals sought revenge by killing livestock. Tensions over livestock contributed to King Philip's War in New England and Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia.
Jessica Yirush Stern
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469631486
- eISBN:
- 9781469631509
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631486.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
The Lives in Objects presents a thoroughly researched and engaging study of the deerskin trade in the colonial Southeast, which is equally attentive to British American and Southeastern Indian ...
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The Lives in Objects presents a thoroughly researched and engaging study of the deerskin trade in the colonial Southeast, which is equally attentive to British American and Southeastern Indian cultures of production, distribution, and the consumption of goods. It challenges long-standing assumptions about Native American and European economic cultures in Early America, particularly the dichotomy that other scholars have drawn between gift-giving (associated with native pre-capitalist economies) and commodity exchange (associated with colonial market economies). This interpretation has tended to cast Native Americans as unwitting victims drawn into and made dependent on a trans-Atlantic marketplace. This book complicates that picture by showing how both sides (Southeastern Indian and British American) mixed gift-giving and commodity exchange in the deerskin trade, so much so that Southeastern Indians retained much greater agency as producers and consumers than the standard scholarly interpretation accords them. The result is a much more nuanced view of the trade and its impact on the economic and material lives of Southeastern Indian and British individuals. In this pursuit, this book also complicates the deerskin trade from the British perspective, showing that royal and colonial governments were not as willing to embrace modern free market values as we might assume.Less
The Lives in Objects presents a thoroughly researched and engaging study of the deerskin trade in the colonial Southeast, which is equally attentive to British American and Southeastern Indian cultures of production, distribution, and the consumption of goods. It challenges long-standing assumptions about Native American and European economic cultures in Early America, particularly the dichotomy that other scholars have drawn between gift-giving (associated with native pre-capitalist economies) and commodity exchange (associated with colonial market economies). This interpretation has tended to cast Native Americans as unwitting victims drawn into and made dependent on a trans-Atlantic marketplace. This book complicates that picture by showing how both sides (Southeastern Indian and British American) mixed gift-giving and commodity exchange in the deerskin trade, so much so that Southeastern Indians retained much greater agency as producers and consumers than the standard scholarly interpretation accords them. The result is a much more nuanced view of the trade and its impact on the economic and material lives of Southeastern Indian and British individuals. In this pursuit, this book also complicates the deerskin trade from the British perspective, showing that royal and colonial governments were not as willing to embrace modern free market values as we might assume.
Ann Fairfax Withington
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195068351
- eISBN:
- 9780199853984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195068351.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter delves into the mock executions and mock funerals the American colonists used as political resistance to the British oppression. In particular it looks into the year of 1764 and 1765 ...
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This chapter delves into the mock executions and mock funerals the American colonists used as political resistance to the British oppression. In particular it looks into the year of 1764 and 1765 wherein the colonist devised and modified manners and ceremonies of funerals and executions to incorporate political issues into their daily lives. More than injecting the issues of politics, modifications were done as an ironic way to transform a political conflict into the ritual defeat of evil. Both of the mock ceremonies served a purpose; they encouraged stamp distributors to resign and swaddled colonial sensitivities. In 1765, when the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act, the colonists responded with ritual and ironic measures to air and make known their grievances. They created victims of their own and asserted control on a situation that threatened them. The American colonists controlled and arranged the outcomes they wanted and presented acts they did not want through ceremonies. In the make-believe world of 1764 and 1765, the stamp distributors died, resolving the problem of moral evil through creating surrogate victims which could be mutilated, hanged, and immolated with impunity.Less
This chapter delves into the mock executions and mock funerals the American colonists used as political resistance to the British oppression. In particular it looks into the year of 1764 and 1765 wherein the colonist devised and modified manners and ceremonies of funerals and executions to incorporate political issues into their daily lives. More than injecting the issues of politics, modifications were done as an ironic way to transform a political conflict into the ritual defeat of evil. Both of the mock ceremonies served a purpose; they encouraged stamp distributors to resign and swaddled colonial sensitivities. In 1765, when the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act, the colonists responded with ritual and ironic measures to air and make known their grievances. They created victims of their own and asserted control on a situation that threatened them. The American colonists controlled and arranged the outcomes they wanted and presented acts they did not want through ceremonies. In the make-believe world of 1764 and 1765, the stamp distributors died, resolving the problem of moral evil through creating surrogate victims which could be mutilated, hanged, and immolated with impunity.
