Andrew Sluyter
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300179927
- eISBN:
- 9780300183238
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300179927.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter looks at the Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay in the nineteenth century. Some scholars have demonstrated that the rural Pampas also had a substantial black population from colonial times ...
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This chapter looks at the Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay in the nineteenth century. Some scholars have demonstrated that the rural Pampas also had a substantial black population from colonial times through the middle of the nineteenth century. During colonial times blacks do not seem to have played a creative role in establishing herding practices on the Pampas nor African grasses a major role compared to the American tropics, but the conjunction of a large number of Senegambians on Bonaerense ranches and the transformation of the colonial herding ecology in the early nineteenth century demands closer scrutiny. A shift in Atlantic networks that opened new markets for the estancias of the Pampas coincided with one that brought a substantial number of Senegambians to those estancias. Their expertise in African cattle herding thereby coincided with an opportunity to influence the nineteenth-century transformation of the colonial herding ecology.Less
This chapter looks at the Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay in the nineteenth century. Some scholars have demonstrated that the rural Pampas also had a substantial black population from colonial times through the middle of the nineteenth century. During colonial times blacks do not seem to have played a creative role in establishing herding practices on the Pampas nor African grasses a major role compared to the American tropics, but the conjunction of a large number of Senegambians on Bonaerense ranches and the transformation of the colonial herding ecology in the early nineteenth century demands closer scrutiny. A shift in Atlantic networks that opened new markets for the estancias of the Pampas coincided with one that brought a substantial number of Senegambians to those estancias. Their expertise in African cattle herding thereby coincided with an opportunity to influence the nineteenth-century transformation of the colonial herding ecology.
Sagarika Dutt
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719069000
- eISBN:
- 9781781701409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719069000.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores the history of India's integration into the international/global economy. It discusses how foreign trade in pre-colonial times had increased the prosperity of many regions in ...
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This chapter explores the history of India's integration into the international/global economy. It discusses how foreign trade in pre-colonial times had increased the prosperity of many regions in India and how the process of industrialisation benefitted certain classes in society. It highlights the imposition of restrictions on foreign trade and foreign investment after India's independence and describes emerging opportunities in the twenty-first century in the post-liberalisation era.Less
This chapter explores the history of India's integration into the international/global economy. It discusses how foreign trade in pre-colonial times had increased the prosperity of many regions in India and how the process of industrialisation benefitted certain classes in society. It highlights the imposition of restrictions on foreign trade and foreign investment after India's independence and describes emerging opportunities in the twenty-first century in the post-liberalisation era.
Abidin Kusno
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824837457
- eISBN:
- 9780824871017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824837457.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This concluding chapter presents the author's remarks on the changing ideology of development, during an interview. He claimed that development in Jakarta has a history longer than the Suharto ...
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This concluding chapter presents the author's remarks on the changing ideology of development, during an interview. He claimed that development in Jakarta has a history longer than the Suharto regime, which could be traced back to colonial times. Framing the post-Suharto era as a new time opened up ways to conceive many possibilities. For instance, the notion of rakyat (poor people) seemed to be the majority at the time when the middle class found themselves in decline as many of them had lost their jobs following the financial crisis. The remainder of the chapter discusses his opinion on several topics such as: the hierarchies within the category of the poor, and the autonomy of the informal time.Less
This concluding chapter presents the author's remarks on the changing ideology of development, during an interview. He claimed that development in Jakarta has a history longer than the Suharto regime, which could be traced back to colonial times. Framing the post-Suharto era as a new time opened up ways to conceive many possibilities. For instance, the notion of rakyat (poor people) seemed to be the majority at the time when the middle class found themselves in decline as many of them had lost their jobs following the financial crisis. The remainder of the chapter discusses his opinion on several topics such as: the hierarchies within the category of the poor, and the autonomy of the informal time.
Muzaffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231158114
- eISBN:
- 9780231527903
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231158114.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter deals with the short (but extremely rich) autobiography of a Hindu (likely Kayastha) munshī named Nek Rai from the second half of the seventeenth century. First-person narrative texts ...
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This chapter deals with the short (but extremely rich) autobiography of a Hindu (likely Kayastha) munshī named Nek Rai from the second half of the seventeenth century. First-person narrative texts like this, though somewhat rare, are crucial in order to understand how a literati culture was formed and transformed under the Mughals. During the shift from precolonial to colonial times, the reigning language in South Asia had been Persian—the same language the officials of the English East India Company had adopted. Crucial to Company operations was the munshī, who was mediator and spokesman (wakīl), but also the key personage who could both read and draft materials in Persian, and who had a grasp over the realities of politics that men such as Warren Hastings, Antoine Polier, and Claude Martin found altogether indispensable.Less
This chapter deals with the short (but extremely rich) autobiography of a Hindu (likely Kayastha) munshī named Nek Rai from the second half of the seventeenth century. First-person narrative texts like this, though somewhat rare, are crucial in order to understand how a literati culture was formed and transformed under the Mughals. During the shift from precolonial to colonial times, the reigning language in South Asia had been Persian—the same language the officials of the English East India Company had adopted. Crucial to Company operations was the munshī, who was mediator and spokesman (wakīl), but also the key personage who could both read and draft materials in Persian, and who had a grasp over the realities of politics that men such as Warren Hastings, Antoine Polier, and Claude Martin found altogether indispensable.
Arnab Mukherji and Anjan Mukherji
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190236625
- eISBN:
- 9780190236656
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190236625.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter focuses on four key policy-induced disadvantages that could plausibly explain the long-lasting negative impacts on Bihar’s economy. The first policy was the land revenue system, the ...
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This chapter focuses on four key policy-induced disadvantages that could plausibly explain the long-lasting negative impacts on Bihar’s economy. The first policy was the land revenue system, the Permanent Settlement, initiated by the British government in India in 1793. The second was the systematic neglect of the Bihar region from colonial times to the present day in terms of provision of public goods and allocation of expenditure on development. The third impediment was the Freight Rate Equalization Policy of 1948, a set of policies adopted by the central government since independence that went against the interests of Bihar. And finally, the set of policies followed within Bihar and the nature of leadership in Bihar for a fairly long spell, till 2005, also affected Bihar’s growth potential.Less
This chapter focuses on four key policy-induced disadvantages that could plausibly explain the long-lasting negative impacts on Bihar’s economy. The first policy was the land revenue system, the Permanent Settlement, initiated by the British government in India in 1793. The second was the systematic neglect of the Bihar region from colonial times to the present day in terms of provision of public goods and allocation of expenditure on development. The third impediment was the Freight Rate Equalization Policy of 1948, a set of policies adopted by the central government since independence that went against the interests of Bihar. And finally, the set of policies followed within Bihar and the nature of leadership in Bihar for a fairly long spell, till 2005, also affected Bihar’s growth potential.
Philip Gerard
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469602073
- eISBN:
- 9781469608136
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469602073.003.0010
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This chapter focuses on Castle Street, also called Dram Tree Park. The park is named for the fabled bald cypress that once stood on a miniature island just offshore of Sunset Park. It lasted from ...
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This chapter focuses on Castle Street, also called Dram Tree Park. The park is named for the fabled bald cypress that once stood on a miniature island just offshore of Sunset Park. It lasted from colonial times until the 1940s, when a workman unaware of the tree's significance cut it down. Legend has it that the “Dram Tree” was the landmark where inbound captains toasted the voyage with a celebratory round of grog for the crew, and outbound captains also lifted a dram, perhaps eager to leave behind the entanglements of shore. Dram Tree Park is in the throes of a major renovation—and a reclamation, since it turns out to be a hazardous waste site once occupied by the Wilmington Manufactured Gas Plant.Less
This chapter focuses on Castle Street, also called Dram Tree Park. The park is named for the fabled bald cypress that once stood on a miniature island just offshore of Sunset Park. It lasted from colonial times until the 1940s, when a workman unaware of the tree's significance cut it down. Legend has it that the “Dram Tree” was the landmark where inbound captains toasted the voyage with a celebratory round of grog for the crew, and outbound captains also lifted a dram, perhaps eager to leave behind the entanglements of shore. Dram Tree Park is in the throes of a major renovation—and a reclamation, since it turns out to be a hazardous waste site once occupied by the Wilmington Manufactured Gas Plant.
James M. Jasper
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226394787
- eISBN:
- 9780226394732
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226394732.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This book isolates a narrative that lies very close to the core of the American character. From colonial times to the present day, Americans have always had a deep-rooted belief in the “fresh ...
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This book isolates a narrative that lies very close to the core of the American character. From colonial times to the present day, Americans have always had a deep-rooted belief in the “fresh start”—a belief that still has Americans moving from place to place faster than the citizens of any other nation.Less
This book isolates a narrative that lies very close to the core of the American character. From colonial times to the present day, Americans have always had a deep-rooted belief in the “fresh start”—a belief that still has Americans moving from place to place faster than the citizens of any other nation.
Holger C. Wolf, Atish R. Ghosh, Helge Berger, and Anne-Marie Gulde
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262232654
- eISBN:
- 9780262286411
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262232654.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
Currency boards, more so than other exchange rate regimes, have come in and out of fashion. Defined by a fixed exchange rate with full convertibility, central bank liabilities backed with foreign ...
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Currency boards, more so than other exchange rate regimes, have come in and out of fashion. Defined by a fixed exchange rate with full convertibility, central bank liabilities backed with foreign exchange reserves, and a high cost of exiting the regime, they were common in colonial times—until most were cast off as countries gained independence after World War II. In the 1990s, currency boards enjoyed a revival as the cornerstone of various macroeconomic stabilization programs—including many in central and eastern European transition economies—only to fall into disfavor again with the collapse of the Argentine regime in 2002. This book takes a balanced look at the effects of currency board regimes on inflation, output growth, and macroeconomic performance more generally. Drawing on historical experience, economic theory, cross-country empirical analysis, and case studies of currency boards in Argentina, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, it concludes that currency boards deliver significant reductions in inflation compared to other regimes and do not seem to result in slower growth or a markedly higher vulnerability to crisis.Less
Currency boards, more so than other exchange rate regimes, have come in and out of fashion. Defined by a fixed exchange rate with full convertibility, central bank liabilities backed with foreign exchange reserves, and a high cost of exiting the regime, they were common in colonial times—until most were cast off as countries gained independence after World War II. In the 1990s, currency boards enjoyed a revival as the cornerstone of various macroeconomic stabilization programs—including many in central and eastern European transition economies—only to fall into disfavor again with the collapse of the Argentine regime in 2002. This book takes a balanced look at the effects of currency board regimes on inflation, output growth, and macroeconomic performance more generally. Drawing on historical experience, economic theory, cross-country empirical analysis, and case studies of currency boards in Argentina, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, it concludes that currency boards deliver significant reductions in inflation compared to other regimes and do not seem to result in slower growth or a markedly higher vulnerability to crisis.
