William Bain
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199260263
- eISBN:
- 9780191600975
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199260265.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
On 1 Nov 1994, the UN Trusteeship Council voted to suspend operations after Palau, the last remaining trust territory, attained independence. The sovereign state has emerged out of decolonization as ...
More
On 1 Nov 1994, the UN Trusteeship Council voted to suspend operations after Palau, the last remaining trust territory, attained independence. The sovereign state has emerged out of decolonization as the supreme form of political organization in post‐colonial international society—an international society in which dominions, colonies, principalities, free cities, and, of course, mandates and trust territories have all but vanished. However, the ostensible failure of this post‐colonial project—the fact that the promise of peace and prosperity held out by independent statehood is too often betrayed by appalling violence and absolute poverty—has reinvigorated interest in trusteeship as a way of responding to problems of international disorder and injustice. The purpose of this chapter is threefold: first, it examines the principal dilemma of decolonization that has resulted in a renewed interest in trusteeship; second, it considers this renewed interest in trusteeship in the context of international involvement in administering Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and, until recently, East Timor; third, it reflects upon the normative implications that a resurrected practice of trusteeship carries for a society of states that is premised on the juridical equality of all its members. The five sections of the chapter are: The False Promise of post‐Colonial Independence; Innovation and Convention—the case for trusteeship in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and East Timor; The New International Legitimacy—the resurrection of trusteeship; A Universal Society of States?; and Answering the Call of Humanity.Less
On 1 Nov 1994, the UN Trusteeship Council voted to suspend operations after Palau, the last remaining trust territory, attained independence. The sovereign state has emerged out of decolonization as the supreme form of political organization in post‐colonial international society—an international society in which dominions, colonies, principalities, free cities, and, of course, mandates and trust territories have all but vanished. However, the ostensible failure of this post‐colonial project—the fact that the promise of peace and prosperity held out by independent statehood is too often betrayed by appalling violence and absolute poverty—has reinvigorated interest in trusteeship as a way of responding to problems of international disorder and injustice. The purpose of this chapter is threefold: first, it examines the principal dilemma of decolonization that has resulted in a renewed interest in trusteeship; second, it considers this renewed interest in trusteeship in the context of international involvement in administering Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and, until recently, East Timor; third, it reflects upon the normative implications that a resurrected practice of trusteeship carries for a society of states that is premised on the juridical equality of all its members. The five sections of the chapter are: The False Promise of post‐Colonial Independence; Innovation and Convention—the case for trusteeship in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and East Timor; The New International Legitimacy—the resurrection of trusteeship; A Universal Society of States?; and Answering the Call of Humanity.
Owen White
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208198
- eISBN:
- 9780191677946
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208198.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This book recreates the lives of the children born of relationships between French men and African women from the time France colonized much of West Africa towards the end of the 19th century, until ...
More
This book recreates the lives of the children born of relationships between French men and African women from the time France colonized much of West Africa towards the end of the 19th century, until independence in 1960. Set within the context of the history of miscegenation in colonial French West Africa, the study focuses upon the lives and identities of the resulting mixed-race or mÉtis population, and their struggle to overcome the handicaps they faced in a racially divided society. This author has drawn an evaluation of the impact and importance of French racial theories, and offers a critical discussion of colonial policies in such areas as citizenship and education, providing insights into problems of identity in colonial society.Less
This book recreates the lives of the children born of relationships between French men and African women from the time France colonized much of West Africa towards the end of the 19th century, until independence in 1960. Set within the context of the history of miscegenation in colonial French West Africa, the study focuses upon the lives and identities of the resulting mixed-race or mÉtis population, and their struggle to overcome the handicaps they faced in a racially divided society. This author has drawn an evaluation of the impact and importance of French racial theories, and offers a critical discussion of colonial policies in such areas as citizenship and education, providing insights into problems of identity in colonial society.
Maria Misra
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207115
- eISBN:
- 9780191677502
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207115.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This book is a study of the political and economic activities of an important group of British businessmen in India between 1850 and 1960. Though denounced by Indian ...
More
This book is a study of the political and economic activities of an important group of British businessmen in India between 1850 and 1960. Though denounced by Indian nationalists as the economic arm of the British Raj, the firms of these ‘Managing Agents’ seemed unassailable before the First World War. However, during the inter-war period they rapidly lost their commanding position to both Indian and other foreign competitors. The author argues that the failure of these firms was, in part, the consequence of their particular (and ultimately self-defeating) attitudes towards business, politics, and race. She casts new light on British colonial society in India, and makes an important contribution to current debates on the nature of the British Empire and the causes of Britain’s relative economic decline.Less
This book is a study of the political and economic activities of an important group of British businessmen in India between 1850 and 1960. Though denounced by Indian nationalists as the economic arm of the British Raj, the firms of these ‘Managing Agents’ seemed unassailable before the First World War. However, during the inter-war period they rapidly lost their commanding position to both Indian and other foreign competitors. The author argues that the failure of these firms was, in part, the consequence of their particular (and ultimately self-defeating) attitudes towards business, politics, and race. She casts new light on British colonial society in India, and makes an important contribution to current debates on the nature of the British Empire and the causes of Britain’s relative economic decline.
Maria Misra
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207115
- eISBN:
- 9780191677502
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207115.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The history of British managing agency houses in India in the twentieth century is one of an increasing failure to adapt to change. The firms' ...
More
The history of British managing agency houses in India in the twentieth century is one of an increasing failure to adapt to change. The firms' records suggest that British businessmen chose to ignore the opportunities because they adhered to a particular form, the private partnership firm, which was reinforced by a commitment to the powerful social codes of colonial society. The racial and social exclusivity legitimised by these values became counterproductive at a time when it was important to build relationships with Indians and the state, and to modernise the firms using outside technical expertise. This chapter suggests that the approaches of legal, economic, cultural, and intellectual historians can be particularly fruitful in understanding the complexity of imperial encounter and in offering greater insights into the creation, consolidation, and dissolution of the European countries.Less
The history of British managing agency houses in India in the twentieth century is one of an increasing failure to adapt to change. The firms' records suggest that British businessmen chose to ignore the opportunities because they adhered to a particular form, the private partnership firm, which was reinforced by a commitment to the powerful social codes of colonial society. The racial and social exclusivity legitimised by these values became counterproductive at a time when it was important to build relationships with Indians and the state, and to modernise the firms using outside technical expertise. This chapter suggests that the approaches of legal, economic, cultural, and intellectual historians can be particularly fruitful in understanding the complexity of imperial encounter and in offering greater insights into the creation, consolidation, and dissolution of the European countries.
Barbara Bush
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199249503
- eISBN:
- 9780191697821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249503.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter focuses on three aspects of 20th-century Empire: the link between social, political, and cultural change in Britain and developments in colonial societies; the gendering of colonial ...
More
This chapter focuses on three aspects of 20th-century Empire: the link between social, political, and cultural change in Britain and developments in colonial societies; the gendering of colonial policy and its impact on colonial gender orders; and the significance of gender in the disintegration of Empire.Less
This chapter focuses on three aspects of 20th-century Empire: the link between social, political, and cultural change in Britain and developments in colonial societies; the gendering of colonial policy and its impact on colonial gender orders; and the significance of gender in the disintegration of Empire.
Ulrike Schröder
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199812295
- eISBN:
- 9780199919390
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199812295.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter deals with the Indian ritual of Hook-swinging as an example for the negotiation of ritual space in the colonial society of South India during the 19th century and after. “Ritual” is ...
More
This chapter deals with the Indian ritual of Hook-swinging as an example for the negotiation of ritual space in the colonial society of South India during the 19th century and after. “Ritual” is considered here as a discursive formation that provides a dynamic resource for the negotiation of social, cultural and religious forms of identity for various groups within a society. The debate about Hook-swinging and its prohibition is analyzed in two ways. First, it is asked how colonial policy determines the field of social and religious discourse about rituals. This had a massive impact on the performance and contents of the ritual as well as on the participants and the socio-religious setting of Hook-swinging. But, second, it can be shown that within this transformation the ritual itself serves as a space of subaltern agency and resistance to colonial and social suppression within the colonial society.Less
This chapter deals with the Indian ritual of Hook-swinging as an example for the negotiation of ritual space in the colonial society of South India during the 19th century and after. “Ritual” is considered here as a discursive formation that provides a dynamic resource for the negotiation of social, cultural and religious forms of identity for various groups within a society. The debate about Hook-swinging and its prohibition is analyzed in two ways. First, it is asked how colonial policy determines the field of social and religious discourse about rituals. This had a massive impact on the performance and contents of the ritual as well as on the participants and the socio-religious setting of Hook-swinging. But, second, it can be shown that within this transformation the ritual itself serves as a space of subaltern agency and resistance to colonial and social suppression within the colonial society.
Ngũgĩ Wa Thiongʼo
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198183907
- eISBN:
- 9780191674136
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183907.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This chapter looks at the role of the intellectual as an interpreter. It examines the genealogy and types of modern African interpreter in the colonial and post-colonial era: the interpreter as a ...
More
This chapter looks at the role of the intellectual as an interpreter. It examines the genealogy and types of modern African interpreter in the colonial and post-colonial era: the interpreter as a foreign agent and messenger, as a double agent, and as a people's scout and guide to the stars of freedom. Plato's allegory of the cave is used to examine the relationship between intellectuals, the state, and the control of psychic space in a post-colonial society.Less
This chapter looks at the role of the intellectual as an interpreter. It examines the genealogy and types of modern African interpreter in the colonial and post-colonial era: the interpreter as a foreign agent and messenger, as a double agent, and as a people's scout and guide to the stars of freedom. Plato's allegory of the cave is used to examine the relationship between intellectuals, the state, and the control of psychic space in a post-colonial society.
Francisco Bethencourt and Adrian Pearce (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265246
- eISBN:
- 9780191754197
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265246.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
How did racism evolve in different parts of the Portuguese-speaking world? How should the impact on ethnic perceptions of colonial societies based on slavery or the slave trade be evaluated? What was ...
More
How did racism evolve in different parts of the Portuguese-speaking world? How should the impact on ethnic perceptions of colonial societies based on slavery or the slave trade be evaluated? What was the reality of inter-ethnic mixture in different continents? How has the prejudice of white supremacy been confronted in Brazil and Portugal? And how should we assess the impact of recent trends of emigration and immigration? These are some of the major questions that have structured this book. It both contextualises and challenges the visions of Gilberto Freyre and Charles Boxer, which crystallised from the 1930s to the 1960s but which still frame the public history of this topic. The book studies issues including recent affirmative action in Brazil or Afro-Brazilian literature, blackness in Brazil compared with Colombia under the dynamics of identity, recent racist trends in Portugal in comparative perspective, the status of native people in colonial Portuguese Africa, discrimination against forced Jewish converts to Christianity and their descendants in different historical contexts, the status of mixed-race people in Brazil and Angola compared over the longue duree, the interference of Europeans in East Timor's native marriage system, the historical policy of language in Brazil, and visual stereotypes and the proto-ethnographic gaze in early perceptions of East African peoples. It covers the gamut of inter-ethnic experiences throughout the Portuguese-speaking world, from the sixteenth century to the present day, integrating contributions from history, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, literary and cultural studies. The book offers a radical updating of both empirical data and methodologies, and aims to contribute to current debates on racism and ethnic relations in global perspective.Less
How did racism evolve in different parts of the Portuguese-speaking world? How should the impact on ethnic perceptions of colonial societies based on slavery or the slave trade be evaluated? What was the reality of inter-ethnic mixture in different continents? How has the prejudice of white supremacy been confronted in Brazil and Portugal? And how should we assess the impact of recent trends of emigration and immigration? These are some of the major questions that have structured this book. It both contextualises and challenges the visions of Gilberto Freyre and Charles Boxer, which crystallised from the 1930s to the 1960s but which still frame the public history of this topic. The book studies issues including recent affirmative action in Brazil or Afro-Brazilian literature, blackness in Brazil compared with Colombia under the dynamics of identity, recent racist trends in Portugal in comparative perspective, the status of native people in colonial Portuguese Africa, discrimination against forced Jewish converts to Christianity and their descendants in different historical contexts, the status of mixed-race people in Brazil and Angola compared over the longue duree, the interference of Europeans in East Timor's native marriage system, the historical policy of language in Brazil, and visual stereotypes and the proto-ethnographic gaze in early perceptions of East African peoples. It covers the gamut of inter-ethnic experiences throughout the Portuguese-speaking world, from the sixteenth century to the present day, integrating contributions from history, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, literary and cultural studies. The book offers a radical updating of both empirical data and methodologies, and aims to contribute to current debates on racism and ethnic relations in global perspective.
Ngũgĩ Wa Thiongʼo
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198183907
- eISBN:
- 9780191674136
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183907.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This chapter describes the war going on between art and the state and the role of writers and guardians in the post-colonial society. Even in a democratic society which contains a class system the ...
More
This chapter describes the war going on between art and the state and the role of writers and guardians in the post-colonial society. Even in a democratic society which contains a class system the relationship between artist and ruler is still problematic and not without the potential or actual conflicts. This chapter isolates features of art which illuminate the conflict and gives a clue as to why the creative state of art is always at war with the crafty art of the state.Less
This chapter describes the war going on between art and the state and the role of writers and guardians in the post-colonial society. Even in a democratic society which contains a class system the relationship between artist and ruler is still problematic and not without the potential or actual conflicts. This chapter isolates features of art which illuminate the conflict and gives a clue as to why the creative state of art is always at war with the crafty art of the state.
Erika J Techera
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580910
- eISBN:
- 9780191723025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580910.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law
This chapter examines the theoretical bases that may be used to support the formal recognition of customary law, and to illustrate why it should be acknowledged as an important source of law in the ...
More
This chapter examines the theoretical bases that may be used to support the formal recognition of customary law, and to illustrate why it should be acknowledged as an important source of law in the legally pluralist post-colonial societies of the South Pacific. It shows that the recognition of customary law in the postcolonial societies of the South Pacific finds theoretical support in the concept of legal pluralism, principles of human and indigenous rights, and also environmental justice. However, there is little doubt that customary law has been eroded by colonization, and faces a modern challenge in globalization and its renewed interest in uniformity and homogenization. Conversely, the globalization of law, and more importantly, local responses to it, can offer an opportunity to access a broader landscape of laws leading to adaptation, transformation, and new forms of governance. Older forms of law and regulation can be resurrected, reinvigorated, and reinvented in order to achieve contemporary goals and address current issues. This transformative process can be started from above but must also be locally driven from below.Less
This chapter examines the theoretical bases that may be used to support the formal recognition of customary law, and to illustrate why it should be acknowledged as an important source of law in the legally pluralist post-colonial societies of the South Pacific. It shows that the recognition of customary law in the postcolonial societies of the South Pacific finds theoretical support in the concept of legal pluralism, principles of human and indigenous rights, and also environmental justice. However, there is little doubt that customary law has been eroded by colonization, and faces a modern challenge in globalization and its renewed interest in uniformity and homogenization. Conversely, the globalization of law, and more importantly, local responses to it, can offer an opportunity to access a broader landscape of laws leading to adaptation, transformation, and new forms of governance. Older forms of law and regulation can be resurrected, reinvigorated, and reinvented in order to achieve contemporary goals and address current issues. This transformative process can be started from above but must also be locally driven from below.
Richard A. Bailey
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195366594
- eISBN:
- 9780199894109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195366594.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter analyzes the ways that colonial New Englanders used, constructed, and reconstructed their specific variants of puritanism in order to interpret the rapid transformations of their social ...
More
This chapter analyzes the ways that colonial New Englanders used, constructed, and reconstructed their specific variants of puritanism in order to interpret the rapid transformations of their social and cultural landscapes. As white men, women, and children came to numerical and martial dominance in New England, they relied on their theological convictions to make religious sense of their social realities, fashioned as they were by migrations, bondage, natural disasters, and warfare. By doing so, they organized colonial society in very clear and consistent ways, separating themselves from those who differed from them physically and culturally.Less
This chapter analyzes the ways that colonial New Englanders used, constructed, and reconstructed their specific variants of puritanism in order to interpret the rapid transformations of their social and cultural landscapes. As white men, women, and children came to numerical and martial dominance in New England, they relied on their theological convictions to make religious sense of their social realities, fashioned as they were by migrations, bondage, natural disasters, and warfare. By doing so, they organized colonial society in very clear and consistent ways, separating themselves from those who differed from them physically and culturally.
Maria Misra
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207115
- eISBN:
- 9780191677502
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207115.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter introduces the scope of the arguments raised in the book’s study of business, race, and politics in India. This study argues that ...
More
This chapter introduces the scope of the arguments raised in the book’s study of business, race, and politics in India. This study argues that expatriate business in some colonies had a much greater impact on the nature of social and political relationships within formal empire, and ultimately on the stability of the empire itself, than has been recognised. It explores the relationship between enterprise and empire through an investigation of the British managing agency houses of India. This chapter holds that the division between the attitudes of business and those of the state on the issue of race is evident in colonial societies, but has not been analysed. Therefore, it suggests the analysis of the internal dynamics of colonial societies, and the way in which they reflect metropolitan values and conceptions of status in order to understand the construction and stability of imperial political and social systems.Less
This chapter introduces the scope of the arguments raised in the book’s study of business, race, and politics in India. This study argues that expatriate business in some colonies had a much greater impact on the nature of social and political relationships within formal empire, and ultimately on the stability of the empire itself, than has been recognised. It explores the relationship between enterprise and empire through an investigation of the British managing agency houses of India. This chapter holds that the division between the attitudes of business and those of the state on the issue of race is evident in colonial societies, but has not been analysed. Therefore, it suggests the analysis of the internal dynamics of colonial societies, and the way in which they reflect metropolitan values and conceptions of status in order to understand the construction and stability of imperial political and social systems.
Jeff Bowersox
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199641093
- eISBN:
- 9780191750625
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641093.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter charts the efforts of colonialist officials and activists to make Germany's overseas empire more visible in geography instruction. Although initially hesitant to get directly involved in ...
More
This chapter charts the efforts of colonialist officials and activists to make Germany's overseas empire more visible in geography instruction. Although initially hesitant to get directly involved in education, the high demand for effective teaching materials pushed associations like the German Colonial Society to sponsor the production of educational resources—including teaching aids, exhibitions, museums, and lecture series—and to make them readily available to all. This chapter examines their political intentions while also situating their efforts within contemporary trends in commercial mass culture and pedagogical reform. Their efforts increased exposure to Germany's colonies and created opportunities for experts to earn a comfortable living in the process. At the same time, their claims to patriotic selflessness and professional expertise could not always protect them from accusations of commercial self-interest. Nor could they always stave off competitors within an ever-expanding market in commercialized colonial instruction.Less
This chapter charts the efforts of colonialist officials and activists to make Germany's overseas empire more visible in geography instruction. Although initially hesitant to get directly involved in education, the high demand for effective teaching materials pushed associations like the German Colonial Society to sponsor the production of educational resources—including teaching aids, exhibitions, museums, and lecture series—and to make them readily available to all. This chapter examines their political intentions while also situating their efforts within contemporary trends in commercial mass culture and pedagogical reform. Their efforts increased exposure to Germany's colonies and created opportunities for experts to earn a comfortable living in the process. At the same time, their claims to patriotic selflessness and professional expertise could not always protect them from accusations of commercial self-interest. Nor could they always stave off competitors within an ever-expanding market in commercialized colonial instruction.
Virginia Dejohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205623
- eISBN:
- 9780191676703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205623.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
The thousands of English settlers who flocked to the north-eastern coastline of the continent of North America during the early seventeenth century established a flourishing society which so closely ...
More
The thousands of English settlers who flocked to the north-eastern coastline of the continent of North America during the early seventeenth century established a flourishing society which so closely resembled that of the mother country that it alone, of the many English outposts erected on the far side of the Atlantic, could reasonably be known as New England. Although New England's town-based settlement, diversified economy, and family labour system corresponded broadly to English patterns, colonial society differed in important ways. New Englanders interacted — sometimes peacefully, sometimes violently — with Indian peoples. The established Puritan religion of all New England colonies except Rhode Island constituted religious dissent in England, where for much of the century its adherents were subject to persecution and legal disabilities. The availability of land in New England gave its inhabitants a degree of economic independence that Englishmen could only envy.Less
The thousands of English settlers who flocked to the north-eastern coastline of the continent of North America during the early seventeenth century established a flourishing society which so closely resembled that of the mother country that it alone, of the many English outposts erected on the far side of the Atlantic, could reasonably be known as New England. Although New England's town-based settlement, diversified economy, and family labour system corresponded broadly to English patterns, colonial society differed in important ways. New Englanders interacted — sometimes peacefully, sometimes violently — with Indian peoples. The established Puritan religion of all New England colonies except Rhode Island constituted religious dissent in England, where for much of the century its adherents were subject to persecution and legal disabilities. The availability of land in New England gave its inhabitants a degree of economic independence that Englishmen could only envy.
Christopher B. Balme
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198184447
- eISBN:
- 9780191674266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198184447.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
This book examines theatrical works and performances which are influenced by the triad of imperialism, colonization, and decolonization. It argues that ‘decolonization’ of the stage can be examined ...
More
This book examines theatrical works and performances which are influenced by the triad of imperialism, colonization, and decolonization. It argues that ‘decolonization’ of the stage can be examined through a number of strategies involving the integration of indigenous performance forms within the framework of the Western notion of theatre. Syncretic theatre is one of the most effective means of decolonizing the stage, since it utilizes the performance forms of both European and indigenous cultures in a creative recombination of their respective elements. This book also provides an international perspective by focusing not on just one artistic form and genre — drama and theatre — but also on a single, unifying development observable within the theatrical cultures of post-colonial societies which have some kind of tradition of dramatic enactment.Less
This book examines theatrical works and performances which are influenced by the triad of imperialism, colonization, and decolonization. It argues that ‘decolonization’ of the stage can be examined through a number of strategies involving the integration of indigenous performance forms within the framework of the Western notion of theatre. Syncretic theatre is one of the most effective means of decolonizing the stage, since it utilizes the performance forms of both European and indigenous cultures in a creative recombination of their respective elements. This book also provides an international perspective by focusing not on just one artistic form and genre — drama and theatre — but also on a single, unifying development observable within the theatrical cultures of post-colonial societies which have some kind of tradition of dramatic enactment.
Robert M. Weir
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205623
- eISBN:
- 9780191676703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205623.003.0017
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the origins of colonial society in Carolina. To establish ‘the interest of the Lords Proprietors with Equality, and without confusion’, and make the form of government ‘most ...
More
This chapter examines the origins of colonial society in Carolina. To establish ‘the interest of the Lords Proprietors with Equality, and without confusion’, and make the form of government ‘most agreeable’ to the ‘Monarchy under which we live’, the Earl of Shaftesbury and his secretary, John Locke, drew up the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina. That Shaftesbury later called the colony ‘my Darling’ suggests that he had an emotional as well as financial investment in the project, and he was the one ultimately responsible for the document. The Fundamental Constitutions accordingly made land the foundation of the hierarchical society envisioned for Carolina. Each of the Proprietors was to head one of eight administrative courts; they and the subordinate members of these bodies would make up the Grand Council, which was to propose legislation.Less
This chapter examines the origins of colonial society in Carolina. To establish ‘the interest of the Lords Proprietors with Equality, and without confusion’, and make the form of government ‘most agreeable’ to the ‘Monarchy under which we live’, the Earl of Shaftesbury and his secretary, John Locke, drew up the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina. That Shaftesbury later called the colony ‘my Darling’ suggests that he had an emotional as well as financial investment in the project, and he was the one ultimately responsible for the document. The Fundamental Constitutions accordingly made land the foundation of the hierarchical society envisioned for Carolina. Each of the Proprietors was to head one of eight administrative courts; they and the subordinate members of these bodies would make up the Grand Council, which was to propose legislation.
ANTÓNIO DE ALMEIDA MENDES
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265208
- eISBN:
- 9780191754180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265208.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
The chronological and geographical preferences of Atlantic researchers often produce historiographies cloistered in nationalisms and particularised cultural identities. The Portuguese expansion in ...
More
The chronological and geographical preferences of Atlantic researchers often produce historiographies cloistered in nationalisms and particularised cultural identities. The Portuguese expansion in the Atlantic world is often read as an epic of this time, bringing together the histories of Europe, Africa and the Americas and in fact legitimising and explicating the contemporary domination of the Global North over the Global South. This chapter localises the first contacts of Portuguese and Africans within the specific time and place of 15th-century Senegambia. Decoding the military and commercial initiatives of the Portuguese Crown and their North African and sub-Saharan African partners reveals an intertwined history linking the African and European continents. Initiatives coordinated by mercantile agents, together with the flux of free and forced labour, all contribute towards understanding the basis of the first Atlantic civilization based on production and labour.Less
The chronological and geographical preferences of Atlantic researchers often produce historiographies cloistered in nationalisms and particularised cultural identities. The Portuguese expansion in the Atlantic world is often read as an epic of this time, bringing together the histories of Europe, Africa and the Americas and in fact legitimising and explicating the contemporary domination of the Global North over the Global South. This chapter localises the first contacts of Portuguese and Africans within the specific time and place of 15th-century Senegambia. Decoding the military and commercial initiatives of the Portuguese Crown and their North African and sub-Saharan African partners reveals an intertwined history linking the African and European continents. Initiatives coordinated by mercantile agents, together with the flux of free and forced labour, all contribute towards understanding the basis of the first Atlantic civilization based on production and labour.
Andrew Linklater
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781529213874
- eISBN:
- 9781529213904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529213874.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter develops the thesis that Elias devoted too little attention to colonialism and to civilizing offensives to transform non-European peoples. To extend Elias’s explanation of the civilizing ...
More
This chapter develops the thesis that Elias devoted too little attention to colonialism and to civilizing offensives to transform non-European peoples. To extend Elias’s explanation of the civilizing process, it considers discourses of conquest and discovery that shaped civilized self-images. Elias’s focus on the role that manners books played in influencing the dominant standards of propriety can be augmented by investigating the impact of narratives that were centred on colonial encounters. Specific attention is paid to the nineteenth century standard of civilization which was an important bridge between state formation and colonial international society. That legal doctrine embodied distinctions between civilized, semi-civilized and savage peoples that were central to the world-views of the imperial establishment. They were not fixed positions in an unchangeable hierarchy of peoples. They were linked with conceptions of human progress which assumed that societies of lesser worth could be elevated through benign imperial governance. The standard of civilization was fundamental to European attempts to create a global order in their image.Less
This chapter develops the thesis that Elias devoted too little attention to colonialism and to civilizing offensives to transform non-European peoples. To extend Elias’s explanation of the civilizing process, it considers discourses of conquest and discovery that shaped civilized self-images. Elias’s focus on the role that manners books played in influencing the dominant standards of propriety can be augmented by investigating the impact of narratives that were centred on colonial encounters. Specific attention is paid to the nineteenth century standard of civilization which was an important bridge between state formation and colonial international society. That legal doctrine embodied distinctions between civilized, semi-civilized and savage peoples that were central to the world-views of the imperial establishment. They were not fixed positions in an unchangeable hierarchy of peoples. They were linked with conceptions of human progress which assumed that societies of lesser worth could be elevated through benign imperial governance. The standard of civilization was fundamental to European attempts to create a global order in their image.
Joseph Hardwick
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719087226
- eISBN:
- 9781781707845
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087226.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
When members of that oft-maligned institution, the Anglican Church – the 'Tory Party at prayer' – encountered the far-flung settler empire, they found it a strange and intimidating place. ...
More
When members of that oft-maligned institution, the Anglican Church – the 'Tory Party at prayer' – encountered the far-flung settler empire, they found it a strange and intimidating place. Anglicanism's conservative credentials seemed to have little place in developing colonies; its established status, secure in England, would crumble in Ireland and was destined never to be adopted in the 'White Dominions'. By 1850, however, a global ‘Anglican Communion’ was taking shape. This book explains why Anglican clergymen started to feel at home in the empire. Between 1790 and 1860 the Church of England put in place structures that enabled it to sustain a common institutional structure and common set of beliefs across a rapidly-expanding ‘British world’. Though Church expansion was far from being a regulated and coordinated affair, the book argues that churchmen did find ways to accommodate Anglicans of different ethnic backgrounds and party attachments in a single broad-based ‘national’ colonial Church. The book details the array of institutions, voluntary societies and inter-colonial networks that furnished the men and money that facilitated Church expansion; it also sheds light on how this institutional context contributed to the formation of colonial Churches with distinctive features and identities. The colonial Church that is presented in this book will be of interest to more than just scholars and students of religious and Church history. The book shows how the colonial Church played a vital role in the formation of political publics and ethnic communities in a settler empire that was being remoulded by the advent of mass migration, democracy and the separation of Church and state.Less
When members of that oft-maligned institution, the Anglican Church – the 'Tory Party at prayer' – encountered the far-flung settler empire, they found it a strange and intimidating place. Anglicanism's conservative credentials seemed to have little place in developing colonies; its established status, secure in England, would crumble in Ireland and was destined never to be adopted in the 'White Dominions'. By 1850, however, a global ‘Anglican Communion’ was taking shape. This book explains why Anglican clergymen started to feel at home in the empire. Between 1790 and 1860 the Church of England put in place structures that enabled it to sustain a common institutional structure and common set of beliefs across a rapidly-expanding ‘British world’. Though Church expansion was far from being a regulated and coordinated affair, the book argues that churchmen did find ways to accommodate Anglicans of different ethnic backgrounds and party attachments in a single broad-based ‘national’ colonial Church. The book details the array of institutions, voluntary societies and inter-colonial networks that furnished the men and money that facilitated Church expansion; it also sheds light on how this institutional context contributed to the formation of colonial Churches with distinctive features and identities. The colonial Church that is presented in this book will be of interest to more than just scholars and students of religious and Church history. The book shows how the colonial Church played a vital role in the formation of political publics and ethnic communities in a settler empire that was being remoulded by the advent of mass migration, democracy and the separation of Church and state.
Sean Andrew Wempe
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190907211
- eISBN:
- 9780190907242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190907211.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Chapter 4 examines fragmentation within the colonial lobbies in Germany and their efforts to unify the language of imperial internationalism by the Colonial German bloc in the interwar period during ...
More
Chapter 4 examines fragmentation within the colonial lobbies in Germany and their efforts to unify the language of imperial internationalism by the Colonial German bloc in the interwar period during the lead-up to the Locarno Conferences of 1925. What follows is an analysis of the adaptation and reimagining of the three largest and most vocal of the German colonial societies in the Weimar period: the German Colonial Society, the Women’s League, and the Kolonial Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft (Imperial Working Group on the Colonies, KoRAG). Each of these organizations made an effort at retooling itself to serve the needs of Colonial Germans in the Weimar era. Yet despite all their efforts, the DKG and other colonialist organizations in Germany never managed to unite the German colonial bloc. Former officials, missionaries, and German settlers in and from Africa opportunistically adapted their understandings of nationality in pursuit of their own self-interests. The most difficult challenges that the German colonial lobbies faced in the wake of the loss of the empire did not come from the German government or even from the League and the new mandatory powers, but rather from the cacophony of demands placed upon them by a diverse constituency.Less
Chapter 4 examines fragmentation within the colonial lobbies in Germany and their efforts to unify the language of imperial internationalism by the Colonial German bloc in the interwar period during the lead-up to the Locarno Conferences of 1925. What follows is an analysis of the adaptation and reimagining of the three largest and most vocal of the German colonial societies in the Weimar period: the German Colonial Society, the Women’s League, and the Kolonial Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft (Imperial Working Group on the Colonies, KoRAG). Each of these organizations made an effort at retooling itself to serve the needs of Colonial Germans in the Weimar era. Yet despite all their efforts, the DKG and other colonialist organizations in Germany never managed to unite the German colonial bloc. Former officials, missionaries, and German settlers in and from Africa opportunistically adapted their understandings of nationality in pursuit of their own self-interests. The most difficult challenges that the German colonial lobbies faced in the wake of the loss of the empire did not come from the German government or even from the League and the new mandatory powers, but rather from the cacophony of demands placed upon them by a diverse constituency.
