Young‐Iob Chung
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195178302
- eISBN:
- 9780199783557
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195178300.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This concluding chapter summarizes the records of capital formation and economic transformation during the 70-year period, and examines the net gains and losses of Korea's path between 1876 and 1945 ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes the records of capital formation and economic transformation during the 70-year period, and examines the net gains and losses of Korea's path between 1876 and 1945 for Koreans. It considers certain scenarios that may have occurred if history took a different turn from what actually took place. For instance, what would have been the prospects for capital formation, economic development, and structural change for Korea had Japan not colonized it? Was it worthwhile for Koreans to have substantial capital formation and speedier economic development and transformation under Japanese colonial rule? The findings in this study go beyond Koreans and their economy under Japanese rule; Japanese imperialism and colonial rule of Korea obviously had major economic and political implications on Japan and Japanese.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes the records of capital formation and economic transformation during the 70-year period, and examines the net gains and losses of Korea's path between 1876 and 1945 for Koreans. It considers certain scenarios that may have occurred if history took a different turn from what actually took place. For instance, what would have been the prospects for capital formation, economic development, and structural change for Korea had Japan not colonized it? Was it worthwhile for Koreans to have substantial capital formation and speedier economic development and transformation under Japanese colonial rule? The findings in this study go beyond Koreans and their economy under Japanese rule; Japanese imperialism and colonial rule of Korea obviously had major economic and political implications on Japan and Japanese.
Justin Willis
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203209
- eISBN:
- 9780191675782
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203209.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This is a history of the Kenyan city of Mombasa and its surrounding settlements from the mid-19th century to the height of colonial rule in the 1930s. The book places the island and town of Mombasa ...
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This is a history of the Kenyan city of Mombasa and its surrounding settlements from the mid-19th century to the height of colonial rule in the 1930s. The book places the island and town of Mombasa in its African context, incorporating the findings of historical and anthropological research. It examines the institutions and social networks that simultaneously united and divided the people of the region before the colonial period, demonstrating both their interdependence and the creation of distinct population categories. The book traces the development of these institutions under British rule, when the demands of the colonial economy caused officials to attempt far-reaching changes to the social structure and to physically remake the town of Mombasa. This is a re-interpretation of the history of Mombasa and its hinterland, based on archival research. It offers insights into the nature of ethnic identity.Less
This is a history of the Kenyan city of Mombasa and its surrounding settlements from the mid-19th century to the height of colonial rule in the 1930s. The book places the island and town of Mombasa in its African context, incorporating the findings of historical and anthropological research. It examines the institutions and social networks that simultaneously united and divided the people of the region before the colonial period, demonstrating both their interdependence and the creation of distinct population categories. The book traces the development of these institutions under British rule, when the demands of the colonial economy caused officials to attempt far-reaching changes to the social structure and to physically remake the town of Mombasa. This is a re-interpretation of the history of Mombasa and its hinterland, based on archival research. It offers insights into the nature of ethnic identity.
OWEN WHITE
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208198
- eISBN:
- 9780191677946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208198.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter summarizes the preceding discussions. It examines the nature of mÉtis identity throughout the colonial period. Regarding the analysis of the links between the psychiatric profession and ...
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This chapter summarizes the preceding discussions. It examines the nature of mÉtis identity throughout the colonial period. Regarding the analysis of the links between the psychiatric profession and the legal system in fin-de-siècle France, it notes that the psychiatric concepts were founded by number of dichotomies including mind and body. Condemnation of miscegenation was never enough to prevent it from taking place in the colonies. The possibility for Africans to become citizens of France was a central element in the legitimizing concept of assimilation, which suggested a break with the traditional dichotomies of colonial rule.Less
This chapter summarizes the preceding discussions. It examines the nature of mÉtis identity throughout the colonial period. Regarding the analysis of the links between the psychiatric profession and the legal system in fin-de-siècle France, it notes that the psychiatric concepts were founded by number of dichotomies including mind and body. Condemnation of miscegenation was never enough to prevent it from taking place in the colonies. The possibility for Africans to become citizens of France was a central element in the legitimizing concept of assimilation, which suggested a break with the traditional dichotomies of colonial rule.
Lamin Sanneh
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195189605
- eISBN:
- 9780199868582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189605.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Synopsis: The chapter describes the creation of a new social order to replace the one based on slavery and the slave trade, with new structures of local leadership setting a new standard. The chapter ...
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Synopsis: The chapter describes the creation of a new social order to replace the one based on slavery and the slave trade, with new structures of local leadership setting a new standard. The chapter begins with Garrick Braide in Nigeria's Delta region and continues with revival ferment in Yoruba country, and in the Ivory Coast and Ghana, thanks to the work of the charismatic Harris. Both Catholic and Protestant missions were thereby renewed. The chapter considers African and Islamic models of religion in contrast to missionary and colonial practice. Primal religious ideas and materials in the appropriation of Christianity are investigated in terms of attitudes to the irrational, modern medicine, divination, divine efficacy, salvation, suffering, and divine goodness. The chapter contrasts the appeal of Christianity with opposition to colonial rule, and thus the African acceptance of salvation‐without‐strings with the rejection of conversion by political subjugation.Less
Synopsis: The chapter describes the creation of a new social order to replace the one based on slavery and the slave trade, with new structures of local leadership setting a new standard. The chapter begins with Garrick Braide in Nigeria's Delta region and continues with revival ferment in Yoruba country, and in the Ivory Coast and Ghana, thanks to the work of the charismatic Harris. Both Catholic and Protestant missions were thereby renewed. The chapter considers African and Islamic models of religion in contrast to missionary and colonial practice. Primal religious ideas and materials in the appropriation of Christianity are investigated in terms of attitudes to the irrational, modern medicine, divination, divine efficacy, salvation, suffering, and divine goodness. The chapter contrasts the appeal of Christianity with opposition to colonial rule, and thus the African acceptance of salvation‐without‐strings with the rejection of conversion by political subjugation.
JOHN W. CELL
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205647
- eISBN:
- 9780191676727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205647.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter explores the British rule in India and Africa. It specifically addresses the colonial rule and its underlying philosophy as summed up in the words ‘Indirect Rule’ a phrase indelibly ...
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This chapter explores the British rule in India and Africa. It specifically addresses the colonial rule and its underlying philosophy as summed up in the words ‘Indirect Rule’ a phrase indelibly associated with Sir Frederick Lugard, the founder of British Nigeria. The definition of the indirect method seems simple enough — ‘systematic use of the customary institutions of the people as agencies of local rule’ — but variations were considerable. A discussion on the variations of indirect rule is provided. An explanation on service ideologies is given as well.Less
This chapter explores the British rule in India and Africa. It specifically addresses the colonial rule and its underlying philosophy as summed up in the words ‘Indirect Rule’ a phrase indelibly associated with Sir Frederick Lugard, the founder of British Nigeria. The definition of the indirect method seems simple enough — ‘systematic use of the customary institutions of the people as agencies of local rule’ — but variations were considerable. A discussion on the variations of indirect rule is provided. An explanation on service ideologies is given as well.
Diana S. Kim
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691172408
- eISBN:
- 9780691199696
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691172408.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
During the late nineteenth century, opium was integral to European colonial rule in Southeast Asia. The taxation of opium was a major source of revenue for British and French colonizers, who also ...
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During the late nineteenth century, opium was integral to European colonial rule in Southeast Asia. The taxation of opium was a major source of revenue for British and French colonizers, who also derived moral authority from imposing a tax on a peculiar vice of their non-European subjects. Yet between the 1890s and the 1940s, colonial states began to ban opium, upsetting the very foundations of overseas rule—how did this happen? This book traces the history of this dramatic reversal, revealing the colonial legacies that set the stage for the region's drug problems today. The book challenges the conventional wisdom about opium prohibition—that it came about because doctors awoke to the dangers of drug addiction or that it was a response to moral crusaders—uncovering a more complex story deep within the colonial bureaucracy. The book shows how prohibition was made possible by the pivotal contributions of seemingly weak bureaucratic officials. Comparing British and French experiences across today's Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, the book examines how the everyday work of local administrators delegitimized the taxing of opium, which in turn made major anti-opium reforms possible. The book reveals the inner life of colonial bureaucracy, illuminating how European rulers reconfigured their opium-entangled foundations of governance and shaped Southeast Asia's political economy of illicit drugs and the punitive state.Less
During the late nineteenth century, opium was integral to European colonial rule in Southeast Asia. The taxation of opium was a major source of revenue for British and French colonizers, who also derived moral authority from imposing a tax on a peculiar vice of their non-European subjects. Yet between the 1890s and the 1940s, colonial states began to ban opium, upsetting the very foundations of overseas rule—how did this happen? This book traces the history of this dramatic reversal, revealing the colonial legacies that set the stage for the region's drug problems today. The book challenges the conventional wisdom about opium prohibition—that it came about because doctors awoke to the dangers of drug addiction or that it was a response to moral crusaders—uncovering a more complex story deep within the colonial bureaucracy. The book shows how prohibition was made possible by the pivotal contributions of seemingly weak bureaucratic officials. Comparing British and French experiences across today's Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, the book examines how the everyday work of local administrators delegitimized the taxing of opium, which in turn made major anti-opium reforms possible. The book reveals the inner life of colonial bureaucracy, illuminating how European rulers reconfigured their opium-entangled foundations of governance and shaped Southeast Asia's political economy of illicit drugs and the punitive state.
Madhav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198077442
- eISBN:
- 9780199082155
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077442.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
This book emphasizes the significance of various ways of resource use in India. This book is divided into three parts. The first part examines the several forms of restraint on resource use reported ...
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This book emphasizes the significance of various ways of resource use in India. This book is divided into three parts. The first part examines the several forms of restraint on resource use reported from human societies. In the second part, a new interpretation of how the cultural and ecological mosaic of Indian society came together is discussed. The last part presents a socio-ecological analysis of the new modes of resource use which were introduced by the British, and which have continued to operate, with modifications, after Independence in 1947. It also indicates that the British colonial rule established a crucial watershed in the ecological history of India. Generally, this book reports new data along with new interpretations of old data, and, most importantly, it shows a new and alternative framework for understanding Indian society and history.Less
This book emphasizes the significance of various ways of resource use in India. This book is divided into three parts. The first part examines the several forms of restraint on resource use reported from human societies. In the second part, a new interpretation of how the cultural and ecological mosaic of Indian society came together is discussed. The last part presents a socio-ecological analysis of the new modes of resource use which were introduced by the British, and which have continued to operate, with modifications, after Independence in 1947. It also indicates that the British colonial rule established a crucial watershed in the ecological history of India. Generally, this book reports new data along with new interpretations of old data, and, most importantly, it shows a new and alternative framework for understanding Indian society and history.
STEPHEN HOWE
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204237
- eISBN:
- 9780191676178
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204237.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter summarises the preceding discussions in this book. It concludes that the activities of British anticolonialists played a major role in ...
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This chapter summarises the preceding discussions in this book. It concludes that the activities of British anticolonialists played a major role in ensuring that the lethargy of colonial rule and British political control over it could not be reproduced. Colonial rulers, by definition, are not accountable to their subjects. In practice, the British political system made them accountable to it only in the most intermittent and inadequate fashion. The anticolonialism of the left established an accountability by proxy. Therein lies its major contribution to bringing about decolonisation.Less
This chapter summarises the preceding discussions in this book. It concludes that the activities of British anticolonialists played a major role in ensuring that the lethargy of colonial rule and British political control over it could not be reproduced. Colonial rulers, by definition, are not accountable to their subjects. In practice, the British political system made them accountable to it only in the most intermittent and inadequate fashion. The anticolonialism of the left established an accountability by proxy. Therein lies its major contribution to bringing about decolonisation.
Anindita Mukhopadhyay
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195680836
- eISBN:
- 9780199080700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195680836.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter examines the need of the educated middle class to establish themselves as an ‘aware legal subject’, as they experienced a different formation of a public sphere that came with the ...
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This chapter examines the need of the educated middle class to establish themselves as an ‘aware legal subject’, as they experienced a different formation of a public sphere that came with the colonial political economy. This in turn demanded a different perception and articulation of the law, both as a sign of sovereignty and the manner in which it regulated the subject race. It looks at the writings of Rammohan Roy, who stressed on a dialogue between the government and the politically aware subjects within the new public sphere created by print media. While some educated Indians struggled to rationalize the intellectual seduction of colonial rule, lines of separation were being drawn between a select few who would be able to comprehend the blessings of British rule, and the vast majority who would not. It is argued that the few educated elite who understood the new rule, fashioned the mould of the new ‘legal subject’ according to their understanding of the new requirements, in an attempt to empower their own social class.Less
This chapter examines the need of the educated middle class to establish themselves as an ‘aware legal subject’, as they experienced a different formation of a public sphere that came with the colonial political economy. This in turn demanded a different perception and articulation of the law, both as a sign of sovereignty and the manner in which it regulated the subject race. It looks at the writings of Rammohan Roy, who stressed on a dialogue between the government and the politically aware subjects within the new public sphere created by print media. While some educated Indians struggled to rationalize the intellectual seduction of colonial rule, lines of separation were being drawn between a select few who would be able to comprehend the blessings of British rule, and the vast majority who would not. It is argued that the few educated elite who understood the new rule, fashioned the mould of the new ‘legal subject’ according to their understanding of the new requirements, in an attempt to empower their own social class.
Deepak Lal
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199275793
- eISBN:
- 9780191706097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275793.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses rural development under the century of British rule. Topics covered include the Boserup process; the role of the “leading inputs” required to transform traditional agriculture ...
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This chapter discusses rural development under the century of British rule. Topics covered include the Boserup process; the role of the “leading inputs” required to transform traditional agriculture — irrigation and the complex of complementary inputs represented by fertilizers, new seeds, and pesticides; irrigation, and the commercialization of agriculture.Less
This chapter discusses rural development under the century of British rule. Topics covered include the Boserup process; the role of the “leading inputs” required to transform traditional agriculture — irrigation and the complex of complementary inputs represented by fertilizers, new seeds, and pesticides; irrigation, and the commercialization of agriculture.
Zoltan Barany
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691137681
- eISBN:
- 9781400845491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691137681.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter looks at two pivotal states of South Asia: India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan gained their independence in 1947. India succeeded in placing its armed forces under firm and virtually ...
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This chapter looks at two pivotal states of South Asia: India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan gained their independence in 1947. India succeeded in placing its armed forces under firm and virtually unchallenged state control right from the beginning of independence. However, civil–military relations in Pakistan have been far more “eventful.” The chapter makes three arguments. First and most important, by the end of the first postcolonial decade, the patterns for the drastically different military politics of India and Pakistan were already set. Second, of the numerous reasons for the evolution of different civil–military relations in the two countries, several lie in the circumstances of the 1947 Partition and in the immediate post-Partition period. Third, the British colonial period left behind profound legacies, most of which have positively influenced military affairs in the Subcontinent. The chapter also addresses Bangladesh—from its independence in 1971 to the military take-over in 2007—and what sets its military politics apart from Pakistan's.Less
This chapter looks at two pivotal states of South Asia: India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan gained their independence in 1947. India succeeded in placing its armed forces under firm and virtually unchallenged state control right from the beginning of independence. However, civil–military relations in Pakistan have been far more “eventful.” The chapter makes three arguments. First and most important, by the end of the first postcolonial decade, the patterns for the drastically different military politics of India and Pakistan were already set. Second, of the numerous reasons for the evolution of different civil–military relations in the two countries, several lie in the circumstances of the 1947 Partition and in the immediate post-Partition period. Third, the British colonial period left behind profound legacies, most of which have positively influenced military affairs in the Subcontinent. The chapter also addresses Bangladesh—from its independence in 1971 to the military take-over in 2007—and what sets its military politics apart from Pakistan's.
Richard Cockett
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300204513
- eISBN:
- 9780300215984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300204513.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter begins the account of modern Burma in Rangoon, the capital of the British colony of Burma. It was once a thriving mercantile capital comparable to Kolkata, Singapore, Penang, and ...
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This chapter begins the account of modern Burma in Rangoon, the capital of the British colony of Burma. It was once a thriving mercantile capital comparable to Kolkata, Singapore, Penang, and Shanghai, and was one of the most modern, cosmopolitan, and exciting cities in the East, described by the poet Pablo Neruda as “a city of blood, dreams and gold.” The chapter recounts the historical forces that have shaped Burma for a more modern, globalized world today, by looking at its history in terms of British colonial rule and marginalisation. In addition, this chapter offers perspectives on Rangoon as a “plural society” bustling with commerce and racial diversity.Less
This chapter begins the account of modern Burma in Rangoon, the capital of the British colony of Burma. It was once a thriving mercantile capital comparable to Kolkata, Singapore, Penang, and Shanghai, and was one of the most modern, cosmopolitan, and exciting cities in the East, described by the poet Pablo Neruda as “a city of blood, dreams and gold.” The chapter recounts the historical forces that have shaped Burma for a more modern, globalized world today, by looking at its history in terms of British colonial rule and marginalisation. In addition, this chapter offers perspectives on Rangoon as a “plural society” bustling with commerce and racial diversity.
D. A. Washbrook
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205654
- eISBN:
- 9780191676734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205654.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
India was subjected to a battery of changes aimed at drawing it more closely under the authority of Britain and converting its culture and institutions to Western and Anglicist norms and forms. Its ...
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India was subjected to a battery of changes aimed at drawing it more closely under the authority of Britain and converting its culture and institutions to Western and Anglicist norms and forms. Its social economy became increasingly agrarian and peasant-based. It addresses the following question: why and how did British rule itself affect the imperatives towards the reconstruction of a traditional India? The received historiography has been guilty of too eclectic an approach to the discourse(s) of colonialism, and also of overemphasizing the significance of discourse (and texts) at the expense of analyses of both institutional practice and politico-economic context. The economics of backwardness is elaborated. Next, it deals with the traditionalization of Indian society. The contradictions continued after the Mutiny, although taking on different forms. Technological transformation increased in intensity. These developments enabled Indian primary products to finally find outlets on world markets. After the Mutiny, the Westernizing and Orientalizing propensities of colonial rule still remained in tension, although as the century advanced a new element also began to enter their relationship.Less
India was subjected to a battery of changes aimed at drawing it more closely under the authority of Britain and converting its culture and institutions to Western and Anglicist norms and forms. Its social economy became increasingly agrarian and peasant-based. It addresses the following question: why and how did British rule itself affect the imperatives towards the reconstruction of a traditional India? The received historiography has been guilty of too eclectic an approach to the discourse(s) of colonialism, and also of overemphasizing the significance of discourse (and texts) at the expense of analyses of both institutional practice and politico-economic context. The economics of backwardness is elaborated. Next, it deals with the traditionalization of Indian society. The contradictions continued after the Mutiny, although taking on different forms. Technological transformation increased in intensity. These developments enabled Indian primary products to finally find outlets on world markets. After the Mutiny, the Westernizing and Orientalizing propensities of colonial rule still remained in tension, although as the century advanced a new element also began to enter their relationship.
Deepak Lal
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199275793
- eISBN:
- 9780191706097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275793.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter addresses the question of whether the British succeeded in altering the living conditions of the mass of the Indian people, and whether this latest foreign assault on the Hindu ...
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This chapter addresses the question of whether the British succeeded in altering the living conditions of the mass of the Indian people, and whether this latest foreign assault on the Hindu equilibrium established at the beginning of the Christian era was any more successful in altering the basic parameters of India's polity, society, and economy than its predecessor. The British conquest of India was virtually completed by 1818. Acquired by a band of foreign merchants, Britain's Indian empire at that date ran along the coast from Bengal to Gujarat except for the territorial pockets of Portuguese Goa and French Pondicherry, which were in the hands of the other two European powers who had established footholds in India's coastal economies.Less
This chapter addresses the question of whether the British succeeded in altering the living conditions of the mass of the Indian people, and whether this latest foreign assault on the Hindu equilibrium established at the beginning of the Christian era was any more successful in altering the basic parameters of India's polity, society, and economy than its predecessor. The British conquest of India was virtually completed by 1818. Acquired by a band of foreign merchants, Britain's Indian empire at that date ran along the coast from Bengal to Gujarat except for the territorial pockets of Portuguese Goa and French Pondicherry, which were in the hands of the other two European powers who had established footholds in India's coastal economies.
Deepak Lal
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199275793
- eISBN:
- 9780191706097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275793.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
British rule left legacies which have profoundly molded the perceptions and actions of the Indian political and bureaucratic elite concerning Indian economic problems. This chapter summarizes ...
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British rule left legacies which have profoundly molded the perceptions and actions of the Indian political and bureaucratic elite concerning Indian economic problems. This chapter summarizes conclusions on these aspects. It then assesses the impact of the Raj on Indian society and politics.Less
British rule left legacies which have profoundly molded the perceptions and actions of the Indian political and bureaucratic elite concerning Indian economic problems. This chapter summarizes conclusions on these aspects. It then assesses the impact of the Raj on Indian society and politics.
Shiona Airlie
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028924
- eISBN:
- 9789882207615
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028924.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Colonial civil servant, Confucian scholar, and collector of Chinese art, artefacts and coins, Sir James Stewart Lockhart (1858–1937) spent more than forty years in Hong Kong and Weihaiwei—the former ...
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Colonial civil servant, Confucian scholar, and collector of Chinese art, artefacts and coins, Sir James Stewart Lockhart (1858–1937) spent more than forty years in Hong Kong and Weihaiwei—the former British leased territory in northern China. His career reflects tension and upheaval in the emerging colony of Hong Kong and in a China rapidly giving way to civil war. In Hong Kong (1879–1902) he rose to the highest levels and brought a refreshingly different approach to colonial rule, and maintained peace and order during troubled times. He immersed himself in Chinese culture, made friends with local leaders, strengthened Chinese institutions, and fought against racism. When the colony was extended in 1898 he was given the important task of delineating the boundaries of the New Territories and organising its administration. This biography of Stewart Lockhart, presents a portrait of an imperial official who strove to preserve the Chinese way of life, and was treated by Chinese mandarins as one of their own. The book makes use of Sir James Stewart Lockhart's private papers and extensive archival research to provide this insight into the character, career, and friends of an imperial official of rare talent and achievement.Less
Colonial civil servant, Confucian scholar, and collector of Chinese art, artefacts and coins, Sir James Stewart Lockhart (1858–1937) spent more than forty years in Hong Kong and Weihaiwei—the former British leased territory in northern China. His career reflects tension and upheaval in the emerging colony of Hong Kong and in a China rapidly giving way to civil war. In Hong Kong (1879–1902) he rose to the highest levels and brought a refreshingly different approach to colonial rule, and maintained peace and order during troubled times. He immersed himself in Chinese culture, made friends with local leaders, strengthened Chinese institutions, and fought against racism. When the colony was extended in 1898 he was given the important task of delineating the boundaries of the New Territories and organising its administration. This biography of Stewart Lockhart, presents a portrait of an imperial official who strove to preserve the Chinese way of life, and was treated by Chinese mandarins as one of their own. The book makes use of Sir James Stewart Lockhart's private papers and extensive archival research to provide this insight into the character, career, and friends of an imperial official of rare talent and achievement.
TOYIN FALOLA and A. D. ROBERTS
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205647
- eISBN:
- 9780191676727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205647.003.0022
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
At the end of the 19th century, British rule in West Africa expanded far inland, from a few coastal outposts that were by-products of the Atlantic slave trade and its abolition. The Imperial history ...
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At the end of the 19th century, British rule in West Africa expanded far inland, from a few coastal outposts that were by-products of the Atlantic slave trade and its abolition. The Imperial history of British West Africa can be read in terms of the tension and conflict arising from this enlargement of perspective, and the priorities which it entailed. The experiences of West Africa during 1900–30 and the 1930s–1960s are shown in this chapter. In the greater part of British West Africa, colonial rule lasted scarcely sixty years. It ended calmly: the transfer of power was effected by the same constitutional process of white settlement as in the Dominions. Throughout former British West Africa, representative government was in general retreat by the 1960s.Less
At the end of the 19th century, British rule in West Africa expanded far inland, from a few coastal outposts that were by-products of the Atlantic slave trade and its abolition. The Imperial history of British West Africa can be read in terms of the tension and conflict arising from this enlargement of perspective, and the priorities which it entailed. The experiences of West Africa during 1900–30 and the 1930s–1960s are shown in this chapter. In the greater part of British West Africa, colonial rule lasted scarcely sixty years. It ended calmly: the transfer of power was effected by the same constitutional process of white settlement as in the Dominions. Throughout former British West Africa, representative government was in general retreat by the 1960s.
Richard S. Dunn
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205623
- eISBN:
- 9780191676703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205623.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter argues to the contrary that the Glorious Revolution was a genuinely transatlantic phenomenon, and that the colonial protests against James II's style of government reshaped English ...
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This chapter argues to the contrary that the Glorious Revolution was a genuinely transatlantic phenomenon, and that the colonial protests against James II's style of government reshaped English policy and American society in enduring ways. The colonial rebels in 1689 shared, with most Englishmen at home, common objections to James's absolutism and to his Catholicism. They were not aiming for independence as in 1776, and many of them welcomed a closer, more collaborative relationship with the post-revolutionary home government. The colonists' settlement with the Crown in the 1690s, while more restrictive than the bargain struck between Parliament and Crown at home, eradicated the most autocratic features of James II's colonial rule, and also bolstered the ultra-Protestant and anti-Catholic character of religious life in English America.Less
This chapter argues to the contrary that the Glorious Revolution was a genuinely transatlantic phenomenon, and that the colonial protests against James II's style of government reshaped English policy and American society in enduring ways. The colonial rebels in 1689 shared, with most Englishmen at home, common objections to James's absolutism and to his Catholicism. They were not aiming for independence as in 1776, and many of them welcomed a closer, more collaborative relationship with the post-revolutionary home government. The colonists' settlement with the Crown in the 1690s, while more restrictive than the bargain struck between Parliament and Crown at home, eradicated the most autocratic features of James II's colonial rule, and also bolstered the ultra-Protestant and anti-Catholic character of religious life in English America.
E. Taylor Atkins
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520266735
- eISBN:
- 9780520947689
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520266735.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter provides a narrative overview of the intense historical engagement between Japan and Korea, culminating in the imposition of colonial rule. It reviews the most significant moments of ...
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This chapter provides a narrative overview of the intense historical engagement between Japan and Korea, culminating in the imposition of colonial rule. It reviews the most significant moments of Korea's colonial history and the administrative and discursive adjustments Japan's Government-General of Chōsen made over the course of its forty-year rule. Because subsequent chapters are organized thematically rather than chronologically, this recounting provides a necessary sense of time and place in which to contextualize the analysis that follows. Finally, the historical narrative is revisited with insights gleaned from the research in later chapters, with a particular aim to reconsider the conventional depiction of Japanese indifference and contempt for Korean culture.Less
This chapter provides a narrative overview of the intense historical engagement between Japan and Korea, culminating in the imposition of colonial rule. It reviews the most significant moments of Korea's colonial history and the administrative and discursive adjustments Japan's Government-General of Chōsen made over the course of its forty-year rule. Because subsequent chapters are organized thematically rather than chronologically, this recounting provides a necessary sense of time and place in which to contextualize the analysis that follows. Finally, the historical narrative is revisited with insights gleaned from the research in later chapters, with a particular aim to reconsider the conventional depiction of Japanese indifference and contempt for Korean culture.
Deepak Lal
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199275793
- eISBN:
- 9780191706097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275793.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter begins with an examination of why the commercialization of agriculture and the integration of the Indian economy into the world economy did not lead to a greater spurt in the development ...
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This chapter begins with an examination of why the commercialization of agriculture and the integration of the Indian economy into the world economy did not lead to a greater spurt in the development of cash crop agriculture and exports in India as compared with other colonial tropical countries. It then considers the record of Indian industry under the Raj. It discusses the damage done by the policy of protection — from the 1920s onwards — to the prospects of growth of Indian manufactured exports, and the exchange rate policy followed by the Raj.Less
This chapter begins with an examination of why the commercialization of agriculture and the integration of the Indian economy into the world economy did not lead to a greater spurt in the development of cash crop agriculture and exports in India as compared with other colonial tropical countries. It then considers the record of Indian industry under the Raj. It discusses the damage done by the policy of protection — from the 1920s onwards — to the prospects of growth of Indian manufactured exports, and the exchange rate policy followed by the Raj.
