Nayan B. Ruparelia
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262529099
- eISBN:
- 9780262334129
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262529099.001.0001
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming
Most of the information available on cloud computing is either highly technical, with details that are irrelevant to non-technologists, or pure marketing hype, in which the cloud is simply used as a ...
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Most of the information available on cloud computing is either highly technical, with details that are irrelevant to non-technologists, or pure marketing hype, in which the cloud is simply used as a selling point. This book, however, explains the cloud from the user's viewpoint. The author explains what the cloud is, when to use it (and when not to), how to select a cloud service, how to integrate it with other technologies, and what the best practices are for using cloud computing. A simple and basic definition of cloud computing from the National Institute of Science and Technology is considered: a model enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. Thus businesses, individuals and communities can harness information technology resources usually available only to large enterprises. This, as the author demonstrates, represents a paradigm shift for businesses and individuals alike. In additon, the book considers the contractual, legal, financial, security and risk related aspects of adopting and migrating to the cloud. Cloud patterns are examined in terms of five deployment models; and a cloud computing maturity model is derived to align the use of cloud computing with best practices.A unique aspect of the book is that it provides innovative constructs that affect the way cloud computing shall be viewed and used in the future. In particular, it addresses novel concepts for cloud computing: cloud cells, or specialist clouds for specific uses; the personal cloud; the cloud of things and services; and cloud service exchanges.Less
Most of the information available on cloud computing is either highly technical, with details that are irrelevant to non-technologists, or pure marketing hype, in which the cloud is simply used as a selling point. This book, however, explains the cloud from the user's viewpoint. The author explains what the cloud is, when to use it (and when not to), how to select a cloud service, how to integrate it with other technologies, and what the best practices are for using cloud computing. A simple and basic definition of cloud computing from the National Institute of Science and Technology is considered: a model enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. Thus businesses, individuals and communities can harness information technology resources usually available only to large enterprises. This, as the author demonstrates, represents a paradigm shift for businesses and individuals alike. In additon, the book considers the contractual, legal, financial, security and risk related aspects of adopting and migrating to the cloud. Cloud patterns are examined in terms of five deployment models; and a cloud computing maturity model is derived to align the use of cloud computing with best practices.A unique aspect of the book is that it provides innovative constructs that affect the way cloud computing shall be viewed and used in the future. In particular, it addresses novel concepts for cloud computing: cloud cells, or specialist clouds for specific uses; the personal cloud; the cloud of things and services; and cloud service exchanges.
Vladilen Letokhov and Sveneric Johansson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199548279
- eISBN:
- 9780191720512
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548279.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
Progress in modern radio astronomy led to the discovery of space masers in the microwave range, and it became a powerful tool for studies of interstellar star-forming molecular clouds. Progress in ...
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Progress in modern radio astronomy led to the discovery of space masers in the microwave range, and it became a powerful tool for studies of interstellar star-forming molecular clouds. Progress in observational astronomy, particularly with ground-based huge telescopes and the space-based Hubble Space Telescope, has led to recent discoveries of space lasers in the optical range. These operate in gas condensations in the vicinity of the mysterious star Eta Carinae (one of the most luminous and massive stars of our Galaxy). Both maser and laser effects, first demonstrated under laboratory conditions, have now been discovered to occur under natural conditions in space too. This book describes consistently the elements of laser science, astrophysical plasmas, modern astronomical observation techniques, and the fundamentals and properties of astrophysical lasers.Less
Progress in modern radio astronomy led to the discovery of space masers in the microwave range, and it became a powerful tool for studies of interstellar star-forming molecular clouds. Progress in observational astronomy, particularly with ground-based huge telescopes and the space-based Hubble Space Telescope, has led to recent discoveries of space lasers in the optical range. These operate in gas condensations in the vicinity of the mysterious star Eta Carinae (one of the most luminous and massive stars of our Galaxy). Both maser and laser effects, first demonstrated under laboratory conditions, have now been discovered to occur under natural conditions in space too. This book describes consistently the elements of laser science, astrophysical plasmas, modern astronomical observation techniques, and the fundamentals and properties of astrophysical lasers.
William Kostlevy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377842
- eISBN:
- 9780199777204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377842.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The defection of the MCA mission in Los Angeles to Pentecostalism in 1906 played an important role in the Azusa Street Revival. MCA evangelist A. G. Garr urged MCA adherents in Los Angeles to attend ...
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The defection of the MCA mission in Los Angeles to Pentecostalism in 1906 played an important role in the Azusa Street Revival. MCA evangelist A. G. Garr urged MCA adherents in Los Angeles to attend nearby revival meetings led by William Seymour. A. G. and Lillian Anderson Garr embraced the Pentecostal experience and spread the message to India where Garr played a key role spreading Pentecostalism and in the reinterpretation of the meaning of the Pentecostal his experience. Other central emphasize of the MCA entered early Pentecostalism including the notion of restitution and the rejection of divorce and remarriage. In Wisconsin F. M. Messenger invented the Scripture Text Calendar, a decorative art calendar, to fund the MCA and spread the gospel.Less
The defection of the MCA mission in Los Angeles to Pentecostalism in 1906 played an important role in the Azusa Street Revival. MCA evangelist A. G. Garr urged MCA adherents in Los Angeles to attend nearby revival meetings led by William Seymour. A. G. and Lillian Anderson Garr embraced the Pentecostal experience and spread the message to India where Garr played a key role spreading Pentecostalism and in the reinterpretation of the meaning of the Pentecostal his experience. Other central emphasize of the MCA entered early Pentecostalism including the notion of restitution and the rejection of divorce and remarriage. In Wisconsin F. M. Messenger invented the Scripture Text Calendar, a decorative art calendar, to fund the MCA and spread the gospel.
Nayan B. Ruparelia
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262529099
- eISBN:
- 9780262334129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262529099.003.0010
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming
Once you have decided that you want to use cloud computing, you need to assess how you will transition your current use of IT, the concommitant processes and services to the cloud. Additionally, you ...
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Once you have decided that you want to use cloud computing, you need to assess how you will transition your current use of IT, the concommitant processes and services to the cloud. Additionally, you will need to address issues related to interoperability between your current, or legacy, IT services and cloud services. This chapter helps you to assess suitable cloud services and their vendors.The contractual agreement formed between a user and a provider of cloud services is considered in terms of service level agreements (SLAs). This chapter examines SLAs and metrics that are relevant users and a checklist is provided as a template for selecting an appropriate cloud service. A cloud maturity model is derived from a user’s perspective and it is then used to assess your level of cloud adoption with best-practices and also to allow you to track your cloud adoption progress over time.Less
Once you have decided that you want to use cloud computing, you need to assess how you will transition your current use of IT, the concommitant processes and services to the cloud. Additionally, you will need to address issues related to interoperability between your current, or legacy, IT services and cloud services. This chapter helps you to assess suitable cloud services and their vendors.The contractual agreement formed between a user and a provider of cloud services is considered in terms of service level agreements (SLAs). This chapter examines SLAs and metrics that are relevant users and a checklist is provided as a template for selecting an appropriate cloud service. A cloud maturity model is derived from a user’s perspective and it is then used to assess your level of cloud adoption with best-practices and also to allow you to track your cloud adoption progress over time.
Nayan B. Ruparelia
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262529099
- eISBN:
- 9780262334129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262529099.003.0003
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming
This chapter addresses the following questions: Why cloud computing? What is so special about cloud computing? How will it affect you, your work, and our society? Just as Microsoft Windows became ...
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This chapter addresses the following questions: Why cloud computing? What is so special about cloud computing? How will it affect you, your work, and our society? Just as Microsoft Windows became ubiquitous at home and work, and changed our lives, cloud computing represents a paradigm shift. This is because cloud computing is an enabling technology that bypasses many functions provided by your computer, the software installedon it, your workplace’s IT and finance departments, businesses and government departments. Cloud computing’s paradigm shift is considered from three different viewpoints: (1) how it should affect you socially and personally, (2) how it will affect you in your work, and (3) how it will affect businesses.The personal paradigm shift viewpoint is extended using a novel concept: a cloud of things and services. Such a cloud serves an internet-of-things device and, by the application of service automation, it further provides related services on a personal basis. The combination of a cloud of things and a process-as-a-service deployment model culminates in a Cloud of Things and Services (COTS).Less
This chapter addresses the following questions: Why cloud computing? What is so special about cloud computing? How will it affect you, your work, and our society? Just as Microsoft Windows became ubiquitous at home and work, and changed our lives, cloud computing represents a paradigm shift. This is because cloud computing is an enabling technology that bypasses many functions provided by your computer, the software installedon it, your workplace’s IT and finance departments, businesses and government departments. Cloud computing’s paradigm shift is considered from three different viewpoints: (1) how it should affect you socially and personally, (2) how it will affect you in your work, and (3) how it will affect businesses.The personal paradigm shift viewpoint is extended using a novel concept: a cloud of things and services. Such a cloud serves an internet-of-things device and, by the application of service automation, it further provides related services on a personal basis. The combination of a cloud of things and a process-as-a-service deployment model culminates in a Cloud of Things and Services (COTS).
Nayan B. Ruparelia
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262529099
- eISBN:
- 9780262334129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262529099.003.0008
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming
The general uses of the information-as-a-service (INaaS) service model, together with their pros and cons, are discussed in this chapter using a SWOT analysis. The general uses are described as uses ...
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The general uses of the information-as-a-service (INaaS) service model, together with their pros and cons, are discussed in this chapter using a SWOT analysis. The general uses are described as uses cases; a use case defines the requirements and the sequence of interactions in order to effect a solution. When commonality is detected between use cases that implement a distinct solution, then it is called a use case pattern. These use case patterns can generally be implemented using micro-services. When standardized and implemented in the cloud, such micro-services are referred to as cloud cells. Thus cloud cells implement use case patterns. The following use case patterns for INaaS are discussed: regulatory information; tax information; price information; health and disease related information; and curriculum information.Less
The general uses of the information-as-a-service (INaaS) service model, together with their pros and cons, are discussed in this chapter using a SWOT analysis. The general uses are described as uses cases; a use case defines the requirements and the sequence of interactions in order to effect a solution. When commonality is detected between use cases that implement a distinct solution, then it is called a use case pattern. These use case patterns can generally be implemented using micro-services. When standardized and implemented in the cloud, such micro-services are referred to as cloud cells. Thus cloud cells implement use case patterns. The following use case patterns for INaaS are discussed: regulatory information; tax information; price information; health and disease related information; and curriculum information.
William Johnston
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823220748
- eISBN:
- 9780823236824
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823220748.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
“The Cloud of Unknowing” was the work of an unknown 14th-century English writer with a powerful message of God's unconditional love in the face of despair. This book's theological treatment of this ...
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“The Cloud of Unknowing” was the work of an unknown 14th-century English writer with a powerful message of God's unconditional love in the face of despair. This book's theological treatment of this and other works by the same writer makes a conscious comparison with Oriental ways of contemplation.Less
“The Cloud of Unknowing” was the work of an unknown 14th-century English writer with a powerful message of God's unconditional love in the face of despair. This book's theological treatment of this and other works by the same writer makes a conscious comparison with Oriental ways of contemplation.
Cascos Ignacio
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199232574
- eISBN:
- 9780191716393
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232574.003.0012
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Geometry / Topology
This chapter presents several ways to measure the degree of centrality of a point with respect to a multivariate probability distribution or a data cloud. Such degree of centrality is called depth, ...
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This chapter presents several ways to measure the degree of centrality of a point with respect to a multivariate probability distribution or a data cloud. Such degree of centrality is called depth, and it can be used to extend a wide range of univariate techniques that are based on the natural order on the real line to the multivariate setting.Less
This chapter presents several ways to measure the degree of centrality of a point with respect to a multivariate probability distribution or a data cloud. Such degree of centrality is called depth, and it can be used to extend a wide range of univariate techniques that are based on the natural order on the real line to the multivariate setting.
William Johnston
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823220748
- eISBN:
- 9780823236824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823220748.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter presents some general conclusions about the cloud and about the phrase that “the most godly knowledge of God is that which is known by unknowing”. The author divides knowledge into two ...
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This chapter presents some general conclusions about the cloud and about the phrase that “the most godly knowledge of God is that which is known by unknowing”. The author divides knowledge into two categories. The first is conceptual knowledge, that of discursive reasoning and logical thinking central to all scholastic thought. The second is contemplative knowledge, that which takes place at the deeper level of personality. The most important thing for the author is that knowledge should be penetrated by the grace of God. Divorced from concepts and reasoning, faith and love grow in strength and reach their perfection. The chapter concludes that his doctrine is an accurate and personal expression of Christian mystical theology.Less
This chapter presents some general conclusions about the cloud and about the phrase that “the most godly knowledge of God is that which is known by unknowing”. The author divides knowledge into two categories. The first is conceptual knowledge, that of discursive reasoning and logical thinking central to all scholastic thought. The second is contemplative knowledge, that which takes place at the deeper level of personality. The most important thing for the author is that knowledge should be penetrated by the grace of God. Divorced from concepts and reasoning, faith and love grow in strength and reach their perfection. The chapter concludes that his doctrine is an accurate and personal expression of Christian mystical theology.
I. M. Vardavas and F. W. Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199227471
- eISBN:
- 9780191711138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227471.003.0002
- Subject:
- Physics, Geophysics, Atmospheric and Environmental Physics
This chapter discusses the main components of the atmosphere and the trace gases that are significant for the greenhouse effect. The most important of these is water vapour, and hence the basic ...
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This chapter discusses the main components of the atmosphere and the trace gases that are significant for the greenhouse effect. The most important of these is water vapour, and hence the basic physical processes and thermodynamics that control atmospheric water vapour and the vertical temperature structure are examined. The basic processes that lead to cloud particle growth are given, as clouds are the least understood of the main determinants of the climate system. Aerosol size distributions and sources are also discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the main components of the atmosphere and the trace gases that are significant for the greenhouse effect. The most important of these is water vapour, and hence the basic physical processes and thermodynamics that control atmospheric water vapour and the vertical temperature structure are examined. The basic processes that lead to cloud particle growth are given, as clouds are the least understood of the main determinants of the climate system. Aerosol size distributions and sources are also discussed.
I. M. Vardavas and F. W. Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199227471
- eISBN:
- 9780191711138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227471.003.0006
- Subject:
- Physics, Geophysics, Atmospheric and Environmental Physics
This chapter examines the transfer of solar radiation within the Earth's atmosphere and at the surface. The main processes discussed are molecular absorption in the ultraviolet-visible and ...
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This chapter examines the transfer of solar radiation within the Earth's atmosphere and at the surface. The main processes discussed are molecular absorption in the ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum, and how these differ through the atmosphere, especially under cloudy skies. Cloud and aerosol absorption and scattering are developed in terms of the mathematical formulation of Mie theory. Standard radiation transfer techniques, such as the k-distribution and the delta-Eddington methods are presented, including a new technique for the rapid numerical solution for multiple scattering in highly inhomogeneous atmospheric layers.Less
This chapter examines the transfer of solar radiation within the Earth's atmosphere and at the surface. The main processes discussed are molecular absorption in the ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum, and how these differ through the atmosphere, especially under cloudy skies. Cloud and aerosol absorption and scattering are developed in terms of the mathematical formulation of Mie theory. Standard radiation transfer techniques, such as the k-distribution and the delta-Eddington methods are presented, including a new technique for the rapid numerical solution for multiple scattering in highly inhomogeneous atmospheric layers.
Christopher Kuner
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199674619
- eISBN:
- 9780191758898
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674619.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This book examines the history, policies, and future of transborder data flow regulation in the data protection and privacy regulation of over seventy countries and international organizations ...
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This book examines the history, policies, and future of transborder data flow regulation in the data protection and privacy regulation of over seventy countries and international organizations worldwide. It traces the history of regulation in different regions, beginning with the earliest European laws in the 1970s, through to leading regional and international instruments of the EU, OECD, Council of Europe, APEC, and other bodies. It also considers regulation used in the private sector (such as contractual clauses and binding corporate rules), and the use of technology (such as encryption) to regulate data flows. The legal basis of transborder data flow regulation under EU law, fundamental rights law, and EU law is discussed in light of the challenges posed by the Internet (including phenomena such as cloud computing and online social networks). The book also analyses the interaction between transborder data flow regulation and private international law, including issues of applicable law, jurisdiction, and extraterritoriality, and conflicts between regulation and other areas of law. There is discussion of the state of compliance with regulation and how it is enforced. The book concludes by making recommendations for improvement of the legal frameworks in light of their underlying policies. It includes the English text of all legislative regulations under data protection law from around the world that restrict transborder data flows.Less
This book examines the history, policies, and future of transborder data flow regulation in the data protection and privacy regulation of over seventy countries and international organizations worldwide. It traces the history of regulation in different regions, beginning with the earliest European laws in the 1970s, through to leading regional and international instruments of the EU, OECD, Council of Europe, APEC, and other bodies. It also considers regulation used in the private sector (such as contractual clauses and binding corporate rules), and the use of technology (such as encryption) to regulate data flows. The legal basis of transborder data flow regulation under EU law, fundamental rights law, and EU law is discussed in light of the challenges posed by the Internet (including phenomena such as cloud computing and online social networks). The book also analyses the interaction between transborder data flow regulation and private international law, including issues of applicable law, jurisdiction, and extraterritoriality, and conflicts between regulation and other areas of law. There is discussion of the state of compliance with regulation and how it is enforced. The book concludes by making recommendations for improvement of the legal frameworks in light of their underlying policies. It includes the English text of all legislative regulations under data protection law from around the world that restrict transborder data flows.
Alan H. Sommerstein
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199554195
- eISBN:
- 9780191720604
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554195.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter attempts, on the basis of certain anomalies in the agon of the surviving (incompletely revised) version of Aristophanes' Clouds, to reconstruct the agon of the original (staged) version ...
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This chapter attempts, on the basis of certain anomalies in the agon of the surviving (incompletely revised) version of Aristophanes' Clouds, to reconstruct the agon of the original (staged) version and the history of the revision. It is argued that in the original play (which was a failure) Strepsiades had not been present during the debate between the Superior and Inferior Logoi; that Aristophanes felt that the failure had been partly due to insufficient cause having been provided for the disaster which subsequently befalls Strepsiades; and that he therefore, in the revision, made Strepsiades hear all about the immorality of the Inferior Logos and then, with full knowledge, put Pheidippides into his hands. When revision was abandoned, however, some final adjustments to the script had yet to be made.Less
This chapter attempts, on the basis of certain anomalies in the agon of the surviving (incompletely revised) version of Aristophanes' Clouds, to reconstruct the agon of the original (staged) version and the history of the revision. It is argued that in the original play (which was a failure) Strepsiades had not been present during the debate between the Superior and Inferior Logoi; that Aristophanes felt that the failure had been partly due to insufficient cause having been provided for the disaster which subsequently befalls Strepsiades; and that he therefore, in the revision, made Strepsiades hear all about the immorality of the Inferior Logos and then, with full knowledge, put Pheidippides into his hands. When revision was abandoned, however, some final adjustments to the script had yet to be made.
Grady L. Webster and Robert M. Rhode
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520098305
- eISBN:
- 9780520915930
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520098305.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
The Bosque Protector Maquipucuna, a private biological reserve of the Fundación Maquipucuna, lies on the western slopes of the Andes, bounded by steep valleys southeast of the town of Nanega, and ...
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The Bosque Protector Maquipucuna, a private biological reserve of the Fundación Maquipucuna, lies on the western slopes of the Andes, bounded by steep valleys southeast of the town of Nanega, and includes about 4,500 hectares of mountainous terrain. The Maquipucuna reserve has been utilized for biological research by a number of investigators, but so far, little of its biodiversity has been documented in print. This book presents a checklist documenting the plant diversity of the Bosque Protector Maquipucuna and adjacent areas, in Cantón Quito, Provincia Pichincha, Ecuador. This checklist is intended to increase knowledge of Andean plant biogeography, facilitate ecological studies, and expedite conservation efforts to preserve the great wealth of biodiversity in Ecuadorian cloud forests.Less
The Bosque Protector Maquipucuna, a private biological reserve of the Fundación Maquipucuna, lies on the western slopes of the Andes, bounded by steep valleys southeast of the town of Nanega, and includes about 4,500 hectares of mountainous terrain. The Maquipucuna reserve has been utilized for biological research by a number of investigators, but so far, little of its biodiversity has been documented in print. This book presents a checklist documenting the plant diversity of the Bosque Protector Maquipucuna and adjacent areas, in Cantón Quito, Provincia Pichincha, Ecuador. This checklist is intended to increase knowledge of Andean plant biogeography, facilitate ecological studies, and expedite conservation efforts to preserve the great wealth of biodiversity in Ecuadorian cloud forests.
Grady L. Webster and Robert M. Rhode
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520098305
- eISBN:
- 9780520915930
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520098305.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
The vegetation of Maquipucuna is prevailingly evergreen rain forest of considerable complexity. The cloud forest in the reserve includes both lower montane rain forest and upper montane rain forest. ...
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The vegetation of Maquipucuna is prevailingly evergreen rain forest of considerable complexity. The cloud forest in the reserve includes both lower montane rain forest and upper montane rain forest. The Maquipucuna lower montane cloud forest has a high diversity of tall straight trees up to 25–35m high, many epiphytic ferns, bromeliads, orchids, tree ferns, palms, and festoons of bryophytes on the branches and logs. Above 2,000m, the forest becomes progressively smaller in stature and mossier; from 2,400 to 2,800m it is designated as upper montane cloud forest, which contains many genera in common with the lower montane forest, but also includes temperate elements such as Cornus, Coriaria, Escallonia, Hydrangea, and Viburnum.Less
The vegetation of Maquipucuna is prevailingly evergreen rain forest of considerable complexity. The cloud forest in the reserve includes both lower montane rain forest and upper montane rain forest. The Maquipucuna lower montane cloud forest has a high diversity of tall straight trees up to 25–35m high, many epiphytic ferns, bromeliads, orchids, tree ferns, palms, and festoons of bryophytes on the branches and logs. Above 2,000m, the forest becomes progressively smaller in stature and mossier; from 2,400 to 2,800m it is designated as upper montane cloud forest, which contains many genera in common with the lower montane forest, but also includes temperate elements such as Cornus, Coriaria, Escallonia, Hydrangea, and Viburnum.
Nayan B. Ruparelia
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262529099
- eISBN:
- 9780262334129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262529099.003.0002
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming
Cloud computing has five key characteristics: a) Broad network access, b) On-demand self-service, c) Resource pooling or shared services d) Rapid elasticity and e) Measured Service. Each of these ...
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Cloud computing has five key characteristics: a) Broad network access, b) On-demand self-service, c) Resource pooling or shared services d) Rapid elasticity and e) Measured Service. Each of these characteristics needs to be present to qualify a cloud service. New concepts to the analysis and use of cloud computing are developed. One such concept uses cloud relationships: aggregation, composition and federation. Another concept is that of cloud cells, somewhat akin to cloud gears but with greater functionality from an object oriented perspective. Cloud cells provide specialization as they have only one function, such as data storage, providing a database service or web services, for example. Applying these two novel concepts means that you can re-use cloud cells and, through various combinations, create a variety of cloud services. This approach is extended further by creating cloud patterns. These describe distinct use cases based upon a combination of cloud cells and their relationships.Less
Cloud computing has five key characteristics: a) Broad network access, b) On-demand self-service, c) Resource pooling or shared services d) Rapid elasticity and e) Measured Service. Each of these characteristics needs to be present to qualify a cloud service. New concepts to the analysis and use of cloud computing are developed. One such concept uses cloud relationships: aggregation, composition and federation. Another concept is that of cloud cells, somewhat akin to cloud gears but with greater functionality from an object oriented perspective. Cloud cells provide specialization as they have only one function, such as data storage, providing a database service or web services, for example. Applying these two novel concepts means that you can re-use cloud cells and, through various combinations, create a variety of cloud services. This approach is extended further by creating cloud patterns. These describe distinct use cases based upon a combination of cloud cells and their relationships.
Andrew P. Ingersoll
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691145044
- eISBN:
- 9781400848232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691145044.003.0007
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Climate
This chapter examines Jupiter's climate and what it reveals about the solar system. During its first 105 years, the solar system was a melting pot in which material from stars with different chemical ...
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This chapter examines Jupiter's climate and what it reveals about the solar system. During its first 105 years, the solar system was a melting pot in which material from stars with different chemical compositions was blended together. The high temperatures resulting from the release of enormous amounts of gravitational potential energy aided the melting process. Aside from being the largest planet, Jupiter is also the one whose composition most resembles that of the Sun. The chapter begins with a discussion of solar composition, focusing on the abundances of elements in Jupiter's atmosphere compared with those on the Sun. It then considers the origin and evolution of Jupiter and the solar system more generally, along with the vertical structure of clouds and temperature. It also explains the presence of lightning in Jupiter's atmosphere, the Great Red Spot, enrichment relative to solar composition, horizontal temperature structure, and hot air ballooning.Less
This chapter examines Jupiter's climate and what it reveals about the solar system. During its first 105 years, the solar system was a melting pot in which material from stars with different chemical compositions was blended together. The high temperatures resulting from the release of enormous amounts of gravitational potential energy aided the melting process. Aside from being the largest planet, Jupiter is also the one whose composition most resembles that of the Sun. The chapter begins with a discussion of solar composition, focusing on the abundances of elements in Jupiter's atmosphere compared with those on the Sun. It then considers the origin and evolution of Jupiter and the solar system more generally, along with the vertical structure of clouds and temperature. It also explains the presence of lightning in Jupiter's atmosphere, the Great Red Spot, enrichment relative to solar composition, horizontal temperature structure, and hot air ballooning.
Christopher S. Yoo and Jean-Francois Blanchette (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029407
- eISBN:
- 9780262331166
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029407.001.0001
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming
Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most salient recent developments in information technology. Predictions about its future run the gamut, with some believing that it represents a fundamental ...
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Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most salient recent developments in information technology. Predictions about its future run the gamut, with some believing that it represents a fundamental change the nature of computing and others arguing that it is nothing more than overhyped repackaging of existing technologies. This book represents the first effort to bridge this gap by exploring cloud computing’s implications from a wide range of interdisciplinary perspectives. Individual chapters analyze the business case for cloud computing, the changing nature of reliability in the Internet, the implications of treating the Internet as critical infrastructure, architectural changes to make cloud computing more contractible, and the impact of cloud computing on copyright, privacy, and consumer protection.Less
Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most salient recent developments in information technology. Predictions about its future run the gamut, with some believing that it represents a fundamental change the nature of computing and others arguing that it is nothing more than overhyped repackaging of existing technologies. This book represents the first effort to bridge this gap by exploring cloud computing’s implications from a wide range of interdisciplinary perspectives. Individual chapters analyze the business case for cloud computing, the changing nature of reliability in the Internet, the implications of treating the Internet as critical infrastructure, architectural changes to make cloud computing more contractible, and the impact of cloud computing on copyright, privacy, and consumer protection.
SanSan Kwan
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199921515
- eISBN:
- 9780199980390
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199921515.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Dance, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Kinesthetic City takes as its premise the idea that moving bodies, place, history, and identity are mutually productive. Analyzing both everyday movement and contemporary concert dance ...
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Kinesthetic City takes as its premise the idea that moving bodies, place, history, and identity are mutually productive. Analyzing both everyday movement and contemporary concert dance in five Chinese urban sites – Shanghai, Taipei, Hong Kong, New York's Chinatown, and the San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles – this book explores transnational formations of Chineseness. Not definable by national boundaries, biological essences, central political systems, or even shared cultural norms, Chineseness is a mobile yet abiding idea. This book examines the ways that Chineseness is, at key historical moments, highly contested in each of these cities while paradoxically sustained as a collective consciousness across all of them. It argues that global communities can be studied through an investigation of dance and everyday movement practices as they are situated in particular places and times. This project claims choreography not only as an object of study, however. That is, it relies not merely upon movement analyses of concert dance in these Chinese cities, but also upon kinesthesia — one dancer-scholar's somatic sensation of movement — as a way to analyze these urban spaces. Choreography serves as both subject and method in this book. Kinesthetic City expands the fields of dance studies and Asian/Asian American studies by placing personal kinesthetic experience of city space in dialogue with a study of aesthetic movement practices in order to theorize the ways in which choreography, broadly conceived, is productively intertwined with processes of space, time, and community formation in a globalized era.Less
Kinesthetic City takes as its premise the idea that moving bodies, place, history, and identity are mutually productive. Analyzing both everyday movement and contemporary concert dance in five Chinese urban sites – Shanghai, Taipei, Hong Kong, New York's Chinatown, and the San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles – this book explores transnational formations of Chineseness. Not definable by national boundaries, biological essences, central political systems, or even shared cultural norms, Chineseness is a mobile yet abiding idea. This book examines the ways that Chineseness is, at key historical moments, highly contested in each of these cities while paradoxically sustained as a collective consciousness across all of them. It argues that global communities can be studied through an investigation of dance and everyday movement practices as they are situated in particular places and times. This project claims choreography not only as an object of study, however. That is, it relies not merely upon movement analyses of concert dance in these Chinese cities, but also upon kinesthesia — one dancer-scholar's somatic sensation of movement — as a way to analyze these urban spaces. Choreography serves as both subject and method in this book. Kinesthetic City expands the fields of dance studies and Asian/Asian American studies by placing personal kinesthetic experience of city space in dialogue with a study of aesthetic movement practices in order to theorize the ways in which choreography, broadly conceived, is productively intertwined with processes of space, time, and community formation in a globalized era.
Tung-Hui Hu
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029513
- eISBN:
- 9780262330091
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029513.001.0001
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming
This book tells two closely-related stories: first, how the digital cloud grew out of much older networks, such as television, the railroad, and the sewer system; and second, how the cloud grafts ...
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This book tells two closely-related stories: first, how the digital cloud grew out of much older networks, such as television, the railroad, and the sewer system; and second, how the cloud grafts digital technologies onto older ways of exerting power over a population (such as state violence and torture). With the latest revelations about National Security Agency surveillance, readers are increasingly aware that the cloud represents politically contested terrain. While typical responses to this debate invoke technological and legal solutions, such as do-not-track software or a new law, this book takes an alternate approach. The perspective of media studies, and, more generally, understanding the cloud as a cultural fantasy, situates these vital debates within a wider American political and social context. It allows readers to understand why discussions of threats to the ‘free’ Internet, such as spam and hackers, often invoke the specter of foreignness (e.g. China, Iran, Nigeria); why Cold War rhetoric has increasingly informed digital threats, as in the New York Times’s invention of the phrase “mutually assured cyberdestruction”; and even why the NSA’s facilities for decrypting intercepted messages are often identical to those used by archivists trying to place digital media into cold storage. By locating the materiality of the cloud within the discourses of security and participation in postwar America, A Prehistory of the Cloud offers a set of new tools for rethinking today’s digital environment.Less
This book tells two closely-related stories: first, how the digital cloud grew out of much older networks, such as television, the railroad, and the sewer system; and second, how the cloud grafts digital technologies onto older ways of exerting power over a population (such as state violence and torture). With the latest revelations about National Security Agency surveillance, readers are increasingly aware that the cloud represents politically contested terrain. While typical responses to this debate invoke technological and legal solutions, such as do-not-track software or a new law, this book takes an alternate approach. The perspective of media studies, and, more generally, understanding the cloud as a cultural fantasy, situates these vital debates within a wider American political and social context. It allows readers to understand why discussions of threats to the ‘free’ Internet, such as spam and hackers, often invoke the specter of foreignness (e.g. China, Iran, Nigeria); why Cold War rhetoric has increasingly informed digital threats, as in the New York Times’s invention of the phrase “mutually assured cyberdestruction”; and even why the NSA’s facilities for decrypting intercepted messages are often identical to those used by archivists trying to place digital media into cold storage. By locating the materiality of the cloud within the discourses of security and participation in postwar America, A Prehistory of the Cloud offers a set of new tools for rethinking today’s digital environment.
